Location Population Density Literacy

Total : 62,405,679
Total Literates :40,524,545
80 5’ & 130 35’ N Male : 31,400,909
0 0 480 persons per sq. km Literacy Rate : 73.5% (Age7+)
76 15’ & 80 20’ E Female : 31,004,770
Female literacy rate: 64.4%.
Sex Ratio : 987

Sl Total Total Male Female Sex Population

Name Area
No Households Population Population Population Ratio Density
1 Chennai 962213 4343645 2219539 2124106 957 174.00 24963.5
Perambalu
2 121176 493646 246141 247505 1006 1750.00 282.08
r

Ministers from Tamil Nadu

Dr. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi Chief Minister
Prof. K. Anbazhagan Finance
Thiru Arcot N. Veerasamy Electricity
Thiru M.K. Stalin Rural Development and Local Administration
Thiru Ko.Si. Mani Cooperation, Statistics and Ex-Servicemen
Thiru Veerapandi S. Arumugam Agriculture
Thiru Durai Murugan Public Works and Law
Dr. K. Ponmudy Higher Education
Thiru K.N. Nehru Transport
Thiru M. R. K. Panneerselvam Health
Thiru Pongalur N. Palanisamy Rural Industries & Animal Husbandry
Thiru I. Periasami Revenue and Housing
Thiru N. Suresh Rajan Tourism and Registration
Thiru Parithi Ellamvazhuthi Information
Thiru A.V. Velu Food
Thiru Suba Thangavelan Slum Clearance and Accommodation Control
Thiru K.K.S.S.R. Ramachandran Backward Classes
Thiru T.M. Anbarasan Labour
Thiru K.R. Periakaruppan Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments
Thiru Thangam Thennarasu School Education
Thiru S. N. M. Ubayadullah Commercial Taxes
Thiru T. P. M. Mohideen Khan Environment
Thiru N. Selvaraj Forests
Thiru Vellakoil Saminathan Highways
Tmt. Geetha Jeevan Social Welfare
Tmt. Tamilarasi Adi Dravidar Welfare
Thiru K. P. P. Sami Fisheries
Thiru U. Mathivanan Dairy Development
Thiru K. Ramachandran Khadi

Central Ministers from Tamil Nadu

Thiru P. Chidambaram Sivaganga Finance
Thiru Mani Shankar Aiyar Mayiladuthurai Panchayati Raj, Youth affairs & Sports and
Development of North Eastern Region.
Thiru A. Raja Perambalur Communications and Information Technology
Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss Rajya Sabha Health & Family Welfare
Thiru G K Vasan Rajya Sabha Statistics & Programme Implementation.
Thiru R. Velu Arakonam Railway.

District Collectors
Ariyalur - Sudalaikannan Chennai - Mythili K.Rajendran
Coimbatore - V.Palanikumar Cuddalore - Rajendra Ratnoo
Dharmapuri - P.Amudha Dindugal - R.Vasuki
Erode - Mahesan Kasirajan Kancheepuram - Santhosh K.Misra
Kanniyakumari - Dr. Rajendra Kumar Karur - Dr. K.Uma Maheswari
Krishnakiri - Dr. V.K.Shanmugam Madurai - P. Seetharaman
Nagapatnam - M.Jayaraman Namakkal - U.Sagayam
Perambalur - Anil Meshram Pudukottai - Reeta Harish Takkar
Ramanathapuram- R.Kirlosh Kumar Salem - J.Chandrakumar
Sivaganga - Pankaj Kumar Bansal Thanjavur - M.S.Shanmugam
The Nirgiris - Anandrao Vishnu Patil Theni - Muthuveeran
Thiruvallur - G.Sundaramurthy Thiruvannamalai - M.Rajendran
Thiruvarur - M.Chandrasekaran Thoothukudi - R.Palaniyandi
Thiruchi - R.Soundaiah Tirunelveli - G.Prakash
Vellore - C.Rajendran Villupuram - R.Palanisamy
 Virudhunagar - K.Raghupathy.

Indian Satellites
Sl.No. Satellite Launch Date Achievements

First Indian satellite. Provided technological experience in building and operating a

1. Aryabhata 19.04.1975
satellite system. Launched by Russian launch vehicle Intercosmos.

First experimental remote sensing satellite. Carried TV and microwave cameras.

2. Bhaskara-I 07.06.1979
Launched by Russian launch vehicle Intercosmos.

Second experimental remote sensing satellite similar to Bhaskara-1. Provided

3. Bhaskara-II 20.11.1981 experience in building and operating a remote sensing satellite system on an end-to-
end basis. Launched by Russian launch vehicle Intercosmos.

Ariane Passenger First experimental communication satellite. Provided experience in building and
4. Payload Experiment 19.06.1981 operating a three-axis stabilised communication satellite. Launched by the European
(APPLE) Ariane.

Rohini Technology Intended for measuring in-flight performance of first experimental flight of SLV-3, the
5. 10.08.1979
Payload (RTP) first Indian launch vehicle. Could not be placed in orbit.

6. Rohini (RS-1) 18.07.1980 Used for measuring in-flight performance of second experimental launch of SLV-3.

Used for conducting some remote sensing technology studies using a landmark sensor
7. Rohini (RS-D1) 31.05.1981
payload. Launched by the first developmental launch of SLV-3

8. Rohini (RS-D2) 17.04.1983 Identical to RS-D1. Launched by the second developmental launch of SLV-3.

Stretched Rohini Carried payload for launch vehicle performance monitoring and for Gamma Ray
9. Satellite Series 24.03.1987 astronomy. Could not be placed in orbit.
(SROSS-1)

Stretched Rohini Carried remote sensing payload of German space agency in addition to Gamma Ray
10. Satellite Series 13.07.1988 astronomy payload. Could not be placed in orbit.
(SROSS-2)

Stretched Rohini Launched by third developmental flight of ASLV. Carried Gamma Ray astronomy and
11. Satellite Series 20.05.1992 aeronomy payload.
(SROSS-C)

Stretched Rohini Launched by fourth developmental flight of ASLV. Identical to SROSS-C. Still in service.
12. Satellite Series 04.05.1994
(SROSS-C2)

Indian National Satellite System (INSAT)

First operational multi-purpose communication and meteorology satellite procured from

13. INSAT-1A 10.04.1982
USA. Worked only for six months. Launched by US Delta launch vehicle.

Identical to INSAT-1A. Served for more than design life of seven years. Launched by
14. INSAT-1B 30.08.1983
US Space Shuttle.

Same as INSAT-1A. Served for only one and a half years. Launched by European
15. INSAT-1C 21.07.1988
Ariane launch vehicle.

16. INSAT-1D 12.06.1990 Identical to INSAT-1A. Launched by US Delta launch vehicle. Still in service.

First satellite in the second-generation Indian-built INSAT-2 series. Has enhanced

17. INSAT-2A 10.07.1992 capability than INSAT-1 series. Launched by European Ariane launch vehicle. Still in
service.

Second satellite in INSAT-2 series. Identical to INSAT-2A. Launched by European

18. INSAT-2B 23.07.1993
Ariane launch vehicle. Still in service.

Have additional capabilities such as mobile satellite service, business communication

19. INSAT-2C 07.12.1995 and television outreach beyond Indian boundaries. Launched by European launch
vehicle. In service.

Same as INSAT-2C. Launched by European launch vehicle Ariane. Inoperable since

20. INSAT-2D 04.06.1997
Oct 4, 97 due to power bus anomaly.

January
21. INSAT-2DT Procured in orbit from ARABSAT
1998

22. INSAT-2E 03.04.1999 Multipurpose communication & meteorological satellite launched by Ariane.

Multipurpose communication - business communication, developmental communication

23. INSAT-3B 22.03.2000
and mobile communication purpose.

Experimental Satellite for the first developmental flight of Geo-synchronous Satellite

24. GSAT-1 18.04.2001
Launch Vehicle, GSLV-D1.

25. INSAT-3C 24.01.2002 To augment the existing INSAT capacity for communication and broadcasting, besides
 providing continuity of the services of INSAT-2C.

METSAT was the first exclusive meteorological satellite built by ISRO named after
26. KALPANA-1 12.09.2002
Kalpana Chawla.

Multipurpose Satellite for communication and broadcasting, besides providing

27. INSAT-3A 10.04.2003
meteorological services along with INSAT-2E and KALPANA-1.

Experimental Satellite for the second developmental test flight of India's

28. GSAT-2 08.05.2003
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, GSLV

29. INSAT-3E 28.09.2003 Exclusive communication satellite to augment the existing INSAT System.

30. EDUSAT 20.09.2004 India’s first exclusive educational satellite.

Micro satellite for providing satellite based Amateur Radio Services to the national as
31. HAMSAT 05.05.2005
well as the international community (HAMs).

32. INSAT-4A 22.12.2005 The most advanced satellite for Direct-to-Home television broadcasting services.

33. INSAT-4C 10.07.2006 State-of-the-art communication satellite - could not be placed in orbit.

An identical satellite to INSAT-4A further augment the INSAT capacity for Direct-To-
34. INSAT-4B 12.03.2007
Home (DTH) television services and other communications.

Designed to provide Direct-To-home (DTH) television services, Video Picture

35. INSAT-4CR 02.09.2007 Transmission (VPT) and Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG), identical to INSAT-
4C .

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)

36. IRS-1A 17.03.1988 First operational remote sensing satellite. Launched by a Russian Vostok.

37. IRS-1B 29.08.1991 Same as IRS-1A. Launched by a Russian Launch vehicle, Vostok. Still in service.

38. IRS-1E 20.09.1993 Carried remote sensing payloads. Could not be placed in orbit.

39. IRS-P2 15.10.1994 Carried remote sensing payload. Launched by second developmental flight of PSLV.

Carries advanced remote sensing cameras. Launched by Russian Molniya launch

40. IRS-1C 28.12.1995
vehicle. Still in service.

Carries remote sensing payload and an X-ray astronomy payload. Launched by third
41. IRS-P3 21.03.1996
developmental flight of PSLV. Still in service.

42. IRS-1D 29.09.1997 Same as IRS-1C. Launched by India's PSLV service. In service.

Carries an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave

43. IRS-P4 Oceansat 26.05.1999
Radiometer (MSMR), Launched by India’s PSLV-C2,

Technology Technology Experiment Satellite Launched by PSLV-C3 .

44. Experiment Satellite 22.10.2001
(TES)

IRS-P6 Resourcesat- Launched by PSLV - C5, carries three camera, names, LISS-4, LISS-3 and AwiFS
45. 17.10.2003
1

Launched by PSLV-C6, carries two panchromatic cameras - PAN (fore) and PAN (aft) -
46. CARTOSAT -1 05.05.2005 with 2.5 meter resolution. The cam mounted with a tilt of +26 deg and -5 deg along the
track to provide stereo images.

Launched by PSLV-C7, it is an advanced remote sensing satellite carrying a

47. CARTOSAT - 2 10.01.2007
panchromatic camera capable of providing scene specific spot imageries.

Launched by PSLV-C7, Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1), intended to

demonstrate the technology of an orbiting platform for performing experiments in
48. SRE - 1 10.01.2007
microgravity conditions. SRE-1 was recovered successfully after 12 days over Bay of
Bengal.

49. CARTOSAT-2A 28.04.2008 Identical to CARTOSAT - 2, launched by PSLV-C9

50. IMS-1 28.04.2008 Launched by PSLV-C9 along with CARTOSAT-2A and other Eight Nanosatellites

51. Chandrayaan 1 22.10.2008 PSLV C11 launched in Moon.

Indian History - Important events.

2700 BC Harappa Civilisation
1000 BC Aryans expand into the Ganga valley
900 BC Mahabharata War
Aryans expand into Bengal; Beginning of the Epic Age: Mahabharata composed, first
800 BC
version of Ramayana
550 BC Composition of the Upanishads
544 BC Buddha's Nirvana
327 BC Alexander's Invasion
325 BC Alexander marches ahead
324 BC Chandragupta Maurya defeats Seleacus Nicator
322 BC Rise of the Mauryas; Chandragupta establishes first Indian Empire
298 BC Bindusara coronated
272 BC Ashoka reigns
180 BC Fall of the Mauryas ; Rise of the Sungas
145 BC : Chola king Erata conquers Ceylon
58 BC Epoch of the Krita-Malava-Vikram Era
30 BC Rise of the Satvahana Dynasty in the Deccan
40 AD Sakas in power in Indus Valley and Western India
50 AD The Kushans and Kanishkas
78 AD Saka Era begins
320 AD Chandragupta I establishes the Gupta dynasty
360 AD Samudragupta conquers the North and most of the Deccan
380 AD Chandragupta II comes to power; Golden Age of Gupta Literary Renaissance
405 AD Fa-hein begins his travels through the Gupta Empire
415 AD Accession of Kumara Gupta I
467 AD Skanda Gupta assumes power
476 AD Birth of astronomer Aryabhatta
606 AD Accession of Harshavardhan Gupta
622 AD Era of the Hejira begins
711 AD Invasion of Sind by Muhammad Bin Qasim
892 AD Rise of the Eastern Chalukyas
985 AD The Chola Dynasty: Accession of Rajaraja, the Great
1001 AD Defeat of Jaipal by Sultan Mahumd
1026 Mahmud Ghazni sacks Somnath Temple
1191 Prithviraj Chauhan routs Muhammad Ghori: the first battle of Tarain
1192 Ghori defeats Prithviraj Chauhan: the second battle of Tarain
1206 Qutbuddin establishes the Slave Dynasty
1221 Mongol invasion under Genghis Khan
1232 Foundation of the Qutub Minar
1288 Marco Polo visits India
1290 Jalaludin Firuz Khalji establishes the Khalji dynasty
1320 Ghiyasuddin Tughluk founds the Tughluk dynasty
1325 Accession of Muhammad-bin-Tughluk
1336 Foundation of Vijayanagar (Deccan)
1398 Timur invades India
1424 Rise of the Bahmani dynasty (Deccan)
1451 The Lodi dynasty established in Delhi
1489 Adil Shah establishes dynasty at Bijapur
1490 Nizam Shahi dynasty at Ahmednagar starts
1498 Vasco da Gama lands in India
1510 The Portuguese capture Goa
1518 Kutub Shahi dynasty established at Golconda
The beginning of the Mughul Dynasty with the First Battle of Panipat and Babur defeating
1526
the Lodis
1526-1530 Reign of Babur
1530 Humayun succeeds Babur
1538 Death of Guru Nanak
1539 Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan and becomes Emperor of Delhi
1555 Humayun recovers the throne of Delhi
1556 Death of Humayun leads to accession of Akbar.
1564 Akbar abolishes poll tax on Hindus
1565 Battle of Talikota where Muslim rulers in Deccan overcome the Vijaynagar Empire
1568 Fall of Chittaur
1571 Foundation of Fatehpur Sikri by Akbar
1572 Akbar annexes Gujarat
1573 Surat surrenders to Akbar
1575 Battle of Tukaroi
1576 Battle of Haldighat: Akbar defeats Rana Pratap; Subjugation of Bengal
1577 Akbar invades Khandesh
1580 Accession of Ibrahim Adil Shah II in Bengal. Rebellion in Bihar and Bengal
1581 Akbar's march against Muhammad Hakim and reconciliation with him
1586 Annexation of Kashmir
1591 Mughul conquest of Sind
1592 Annexation of Orissa
1595 Siege of Ahmednagar; Annexation of Baluchistan
1597 Akbar completes his conquests
1600 Charter of the English East India Company
1602 Formation of the United East India Company of Netherlands
1605 Death of Akbar follwed by Jahangir suucceding to the throne
1606 Rebellion of Khusrav; Execution of the Fifth Sikh Guru, Arjan
The Mughul Governor of Bengal defeats the rebellious Afghans and the Mughuls annex
1612
Kuch Hajo
1615 Submission of Mewar to the Mughuls; Arrival of Sir Thomas Roe in India
1620 Capture of Kangra Fort; Malik Ambar revolts in the Deccan
1622 Shah Abbas of Persia beseiges and takes Qandahar
1623 Shah Jahan revolts against Jahangir
1624 Suppression of Shah Jahan's rebellion
1627 Death of Jahangir, followed by Shah Jahan succeeding
1628 Shah Jahan proclaimed Emperor
1631 Death of Shah Jahan's wife Mumtaz Mahal and the construction of Taj Mahal
Mughul invasion of Bijapur; Grant of the "Golden Firman" to the English Company by the
1632
Sultan of Golkunda
1633 End of Ahmednagar Dynasty
1636 Aurangzeb appointed Viceroy of Deccan
1639 Foundation of Fort St. George at Madras by the English
1646 Shivaji captures Torna
1656 The Mughuls attack Hyderabad and Golkunda; Annexation of Javli by Shivaji
1657 Invasion of Bijapur by Aurangzeb; Aurangzeb captures Bidar and Kalyani
1658 Coronation of Aurangzeb
1659 Battles of Khajwah and Deorai
1661 Cession of Bombay to the English; Mughul capture Cooch Bihar
1664 Shivaji sacks Surat and assumes royal title
1666 Death of Shah Jahan; Shivaji's visit to Agra and escape
1674 Shivaji assumes the title of Chhatrapati
1678 Marwar occupied by the Mughuls
1680 Death of Shivaji
1686 Fall of Bijapur
1689 Execution of Sambhaji
1698 The new English company trading to the East Indies
1699 First Maratha raid on Malwa
1707 Death of Aurangzeb and the Battle of Jajau
1714 Husain Ali appointed Viceroy of the Deccan. Treaty of Marathas with Husain Ali
1739 Nadir Shah conquers Delhi
1740 Accession of Balaji Rao Peshwa. The Marathas invade Arcot
1742 Marathas invade Bengal
1750 War of the Deccan and Carnatic Succession; Death of Nasir Jang
1751 Treaty of Alivadi with the Marathas
1756 Siraj-ud-daulah captures Calcutta
1757 Battle of Plassey: The British defeat Siraj-ud-daulah
1760 Battle of Wandiwash: The British defeat the French
Third battle of Panipat: Ahmed Shah Abdali defeats the Marathas; Accession of Madhava
1761
Rao Peshwa; Rise of Hyder Ali
1764 Battle of Buxar: The British defeat Mir Kasim
1765 The British get Diwani Rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
1767-1769 First Mysore War: The British conclude a humiliating peace pact with Hyder Ali
1772 Death of Madhava Rao Peshwa; Warren Hastings appointed as Governor of Bengal
1773 The Regulating Act passed by the British Parliament
1774 Warren Hastings appointed as Governor-General
1775-1782 The First Anglo-Maratha war
1780-
Second The British defeat Hyder Ali
Mysore War
1784 Pitt's India Act
1790-1792 Third Mysore War between the British and Tipu
1793 Permanent Settlement of Bengal
1794 Death of Mahadaji Sindhia
1799 Fourth
The British defeat Tipu; Death of Tipu; Partition of Mysore
Mysore War:
1802 Treaty of Bassein
The Second Anglo-Maratha war: The British defeat the Marathas at Assaye:Treaty of
1803-1805
Amritsar
1814-1816 The Anglo-Gurkha war
1817-1818 The Pindari war
1817-1819 The last Anglo-Maratha war: Marathas finally crushed by the British
1824-1826 The First Burmese war
1829 Prohibition of Sati
1829-1837 Suppression of Thuggee
1831 Raja of Mysore deposed and its administration taken over by East India Company
1833 Renewal of Company's Charter and the abolition of company's trading rights
1838 Tripartite treaty between Shah Shuja, Ranjit Singh and the British
1839-1842 First Afghan war
1843 Gwalior war
1845-1846 First Anglo-Sikh war
1848 Lord Dalhousie becomes the Governor-General
Second Anglo-Sikh war with the rise of the Sikhs followed by the British annexing Punjab as
1848-1849
Sikhs are defeated
1852 Second Anglo-Burmese war
1853 Railway opened from Bombay to Thane, telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra
1857 First War of Indian Independence
1858 British Crown takes over the Indian Government
1861 Indian Councils Act, Indian High Courts Act, Introduction of the Penal Code
1868 Punjab Tenancy Act, Railway opened from Ambala to Delhi
1874 The Bihar Famine
1877 Delhi Durbar: The Queen of England proclaimed Empress of India
1878 Vernacular Press Act
1885 First meeting of the Indian National Congress; Bengal Tenancy Act
1897 Plague in Bombay. Famine Commission
1899 Lord Curzon becomes Governor-General and Viceroy
1905 The First Partition of Bengal
1906 Formation of Muslim League; Congress declaration regarding Swaraj
1911 Delhi Durbar; Partition of Bengal modified to create the Presidency of Bengal
1912 The Imperial capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi
1916 Home Rule League founded, Jalianwalla Bagh massacre
1920 Mahatma Gandhi leads the Congress, non-co-operation movement started
1921 First Census of India
Civil Disobedience Movement, followed by violence at Chauri-Chaura which leads Gandhi
1922
to suspend movement
1923 Inclusion of Swarajis in Indian Councils, certification of Salt Tax; Hindu-Muslim riots
1927 Simon Commission Appointed
1928 Simon Commission comes to India, boycotted by all parties.
Lord Irwin promises Dominion status for India, Jawaharlal Nehru hoists the National Flag at
1929
Lahore
Civil Disobedience movement continues, salt satyagraha, Gandhiji's Dandi March, First
1930
Round Table Conference
1931 Second Round Table Conference; Irwin-Gandhi Pact; Census of India
1932 Third Round Table Conference
1933 Publication of White Paper on Indian reforms
1934 Civil Disobedience Movement called off; Bihar Earthquake
1935 Government of India Act
 Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy; Congress ministries formed in a majority of Indian
1937
provinces
1939 Political deadlock in India as Congress ministries resign
Cripps Mission to India, Congress adopts Quit India Resolution, Congress leaders arrested,
1942
Subhash Chandra Bose forms Indian National Army
1944 Gandhi-Jinnah talks break down on Pakistan issue
1945 First trial of Indian Army men opened
Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy, Cabinet Mission's plan announced, Muslim League decides to
1946 participate in the Interim Government, Interim Government formed, Constituent Assembly's
first meeting
15 Aug
Indian Independence, Jawaharlal Nehru becomes the first Indian Prime Minister
1947
Reserve Bank of India nationalized, Mahatma Gandhi assassinated, B.R.Ambedkar
1948
presents first Draft Constitution to Constituent Assembly
26 Jan 1950 Republic of India declared with the Constitution of India in force
1951 First Five year plan set in motion
'51- Feb'52 First General Election
1956 Second Five year Plan
1957 Second General Election held
1959 Dalai Lama flees from Tibet to India, military confrontation with China in Aksai Chin
1961 Liberation of Goa
1962 Third General election
1962 Indo-China war
1964 Jawaharlal Nehru dies, Lal Bahadur Shastri becomes Prime Minister
1965 Indo-Pak war
1966 Lal Bahadur Shastri dies, Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister
1967 Fourth General Election
Morarji Desai resigns from cabinet, fourteen Banks nationalized, Indira Gandhi expelled
1969
from Congress party for indiscipline
Supreme court holds nationalisation of banks illegal, Privy Purses and special privileges of
1970
former Indian rulers abolished
971 Fifth General Election, Indo-Pakistan War
1973 Coal mines nationalised; Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) passed
1974 Underground nuclear explosion at Pokhran
Indian satellite Aryabhatta launched, Sikkim joins India, Emergency declared Indira Gandhi
1975
announces 20-point economic programme
1976 Private Oil companies nationalized, Urban Land Ceiling Regulation Act passed
1977 Sixth General Election: first Non-Congress Govt, led by Morarji Desai
Morarji Desai resigns after split in Janata Party, Seventh General Election, Indira Gandhi
1979
becomes Prime Minister again
1982 The Ninth Asian games held in Delhi
1983 Indira Gandhi imposes President's rule on Punjab
Operation Blue Star where Indian army storms Golden Temple in Amritsar, killing hundreds
of people. Indira Gandhi assassinated in Delhi and Rajiv Gandhi sworn in as Prime
1984
Minister. India's biggest industrial disaster: Bhopal gas tragedy, Eighth General Election:
Congress wins with Rajiv Gandhi as Prime Minister
1985 Narmada Bachao Andolan
1988 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) comes into existence, Insat-IC launched
1989 Ninth General Election: Congress loses; V.P. Singh becomes Prime Minister
1990 Mandal Commission Report
Rajiv Gandhi assassinated by LTTE , tenth General Election in which Congress wins and
1991 Narasimha Rao becomes Prime Minister. Liberalisation initiated by Finance Minister Dr.
Manmohan Singh
1992 Demolition of Babri Masjid
Hindu-Muslim riots in Bombay, Rupee made convertible on trade account, over 300 people
1993
killed in bomb blasts, Latur earthquake
1994 Telecom services sector opened to private companies
Eleventh General Election; BJP's Atal Behari Vajpayee becomes Prime Minister, BJP loses
1996 confidence vote; Deve Gowda takes over as Prime Minister of United Front coalition
government
Congress withdraws support to UF government, I.K.Gujral appointed Prime Minister, nation
1997 celebrates 50 years of Independence, Gujral government falls as Congress withdraws
support, Sonia Gandhi steps into active politics
BJP-led alliance government is sworn in. Atal Behari Vajpayee becomes the Prime Minister
1998
of India, India conducts three underground nuclear tests at Pokhran in Rajasthan.
 Lok Sabha elections lead to National Democratic Alliance forming a coalition government
1999 with Atal Behari Vajpayee as Prime Minister. Pakistan backed insurgents infiltrate Kargil
valley, deep in Indian territory, and are successfully pushed back.