The Analysis of Translation In The First Chapter of Stephanie Meyers Twilight, First Sight

Kartika Daris Tiani / 0911110050

INTRODUCTION Translation is transferring words, phrases or sentences from one language (source language) to another language (target language) equivalently. It sounds simple but translating is not that easy. The translator maybe find some problems related to translation because every languages has their own pattern, grammar or something like that. Besides, it is not how do we say it in another language equivaently, but how do we have to be able to make the result of translation is understandable to the readers. Therefore, there are some methods, strategies and techniques that apper to help or to make it easy for the translators. In this essay, I am going to analyze the way how the translator of Twilight by Stepheni Meyer transfers it in Bahasa. It is a novel with English as the original language. It has the same title in the original novel and in the translation novel. But I will only analyze the first chapter First Sight or Pandangan Pertama.

TRANSLATION STRATEGIES After comparing between the sourse text and the target text of Twilight, I found out that in general the translator use free translation method as there are so many target text that come out with a different style and form from the source text. As the example, It rains on this inconsequential town more than any other place in the United Sated of America is freely translated to Di kota terpencil ini hujan turun lebih sering dibandingkan tempat lainnya di Amerika Serikat. Both SL and TL are different in word order and grammar, but the TL has the same meaning as the ST. Another example is Its four-hour flight from Phoenox to Seattle becomes Makan waktu 4 jam untuk terbang dari Phoenix ke Seattle. It sounds not well-translated if it written Ini 4 jam penerbangan dari Phoenix to Seattle . Next, Bella, the

main character in the novel, said that Flying doesnt bothrer me, flying which is means terbang becomes perjalanan udara. It is reasonable because there will be missinterpretation if it is translated terbang anyway. Bella doesnt have wings, does she?. I also find out that car is not translated to mobil, but the translator prefer to use kendaraan pribadi. Although they are different, we can see that they have a close meaning. Walked around with it stuck in front of my nose all day is translated into berjalan sambil memeganginya seharian. So, stuck in front of my nose means bringing something all the day. This is free translation because if it is translated literaly, it should be berjalan keliling dengan ini (peta sekolah) menempel di hidungku sepanjang hari. But if we read again, we could accept the same meaning. In the English version, it just written in hyperbole. Next, the sentene i have your schedule right here, and a map of the school is translated ini jadwal pelajaranmu, dan peta sekolah. I have your schedule right here can be translated aku punya jadwalmu disini, but it is not well sounded. So, ini jadwl pelajaranmu is better. I decided to play dumb becomes Aku memutuskan untuk berpura-pura tidak tahu. Play dumb is translated to be pura-pura tidak tahu. In literal, dumb means stupid or unable to speak, but stupid and tidak tahu is really close in meaning. So, play dumb is pretend t be stupid and also means purapura tidak tahu. The word studied in He studied my face apprehensively, and I sighed. Is translated mengamati. That word is choosen better than mempelajari because it wouldnt sounds good if it is written Ia mempelajari wajahku dengan waswas, dan aku mendesah. Moreover, mempelajai is more like to use in education stuff. The sentence After two classes, I started to recognize...... is translated Setelah dua pelajaran, aku mulai mengenali...... in the sentences, the word class that has literal meaning kelas is changed becomes pelajaran. That is make sense because pelajaran is something that we can get in the class. Then, She was tiny, several inches shorter than my five feet four inches becomes Tubuhnya mungil, lebih pendek daripada aku yang 160 senti. In the SL, the writer use feet as the measurement, but in the translator make it to be centimeter (senti) because in Indonesia, what is used is centimeter (senti). And then, When i got to the truck, it was almost the last car in the lot is translated to be Ketika tiba di lapangan parkir, hanya tinggal beberapa mobil disana. The SL state truck while the TL state lapangan parkir. That is acceptable because her car is on the parking lot.

There are also some words that seem to be an idion from the SL, and the translation are well-understood such as in That was the year I finally put my foot down that has

meaning Ketika itu aku mengambil keputusan tegas. Put my foot down is mengambil keputusan tegas.

TRANSLATION SHIFT Translation shift also happen in some parts of the text. But what kind of shifting are they? Vinay and Darbelnet have named the two methods contain of seven procedures about the translation shift. In direct translation, we have borrowing, calque and literal translation. While in the oblique translation or indirect translation, there are transportation, modulation, equivalen and adaptation. Now lets check the text. In the first paragraph on the last line, there is a borrowing, parka. According to Cambridge Advanced Learned Dictionary The Third Edition, parka means a long jacket that comes down to te knees, but in the target text it is still written parka. I find out so many well in TL such as well, sebenarnya truk., well, Billy sudah merawat...., well, tidak., well sayang,... . They are not translated and just written what it is. If we just look at the word, it could be dengan baik or the meaning also could be baiklah. But do they seem appropriate to used? I think some are yes but some are no, it depend on the words after. Next, we can see that Bella calls her father , Charlie, dad from daddy. But in the TL, the translator still use Dad to call Charlie instead of ayah. I also find another borrowing in the word peppermint that in dictionary described as a srtong fresh flovouring from a type of mint plant, used especially to give a flavour to sweets. In the TL, it is written also peppermint. Next, in the SL it is written We walked back around cafetaria while in the TL it is written Kami berjalan lagi mengitari kafetaria. The word cafetaria is directly translated as kafetaria. But in my opinion, the translator also can use kantin to refer kafetaria. Both of them are the same. We also can find a change of structure in soma part of the text. But I could see the sacrifice in her eyes behind the promise becomes Tapi di balik matanya bisa kulihat pengorbanan di balik janji itu. If we translate it literally and follow the order of the structure, it could be Tapi aku bisa melihat pengorbanan di matanya di balik janjinya. It is meaningful also. Next, part of one sentence Their branches hanging with a canopy of it that translated to Kanopi di antara cabang-cabangnya. The English one has their branches(cabang-cabangnya) as a subject, meanwhile cabang-cabangnya in Bahasa is put

as an object. But still when we read both of them, we will get the same point. It also found it in the sentence Thick fog was all I could see out my window in the morning, which is translated to Paginya hanya kabut tebal yang bisa kulihat dari jendela kamarku. In the SL, thick fog=kabut tebal is n the beginning of the sentence, but in the TL, it comes after paginya=in the moring. In the sentence ...., but I saw his posture change from the corner of my eye. Becomes ..., tapi dari sudut mata bisa kulihat posturnya berubaah. In the SL, I saw his posture change (bisa kulihat posturnya berubah) is put before from the corner of my eye (dari sudut mata). But in the TL, bisa kulihat posturnya berubah is put after dari sudut mata. Next, I looked up to see a cute, baby-faced boy, his pale blonde hair carefully gelled into orderly spikes, smiling at me in a friendly way is consist of one sentence, but un the TL, it comes out in two sentences : Aku mengangkat kepala dan melihat seorang cowok bertampang imut dan tampan, rambutnya yang pirang pucat di-gel berbentuk spike yang teratur. Ia tersenyum ramah.

There also a modulation as in the conversation between Bella and her mother. Tell Charlie I said hi that translated to Sampaikan salamku buat Charlie. The translator make it in different syle but the important thing is the message is still the same. Next is in the sentence We exchanged a few more comments on the weather, which was wet has the same meaning as Kami masih bicara tentang cuaca yang lembab although it is said in different way. An alien planet changed into Sebuah planet yang asing . Another modulation is in the sentence It was seventy-five degrees in Phoenix... which translated to Suhu kota Phoenix 23C,.... Seventy-five degrees changes into 23C as in American doesnt use Celcius to measure the heat, but Fahrenhait. It means that seventy-five degrees is equal with 23. Next is the sentence I didnt sleep well that night. The translator writes Tidurku gelisah malam itu. The literal meaning would be Aku tidak tidur dengan baik malam itu, but it is not good in sense, so the translator make it in another words which has the same message. Another part of translation shifting is calque that we can see in the word familier that comes from familiar.

SUBSTRACTION There are so many substraction in this translation, as we know that there are some words of English that can not be or do not have to be translated, so they just omitted without change the meaning the text itself. When i was only a few months becomes Ketika aku baru berusia beberapa bulan. The word was is not translated. Then, It was to Forks that I now exiled myself becomes Ke kota Forks-lah sekarang aku mengasingkan diri. It was and that are not translated also. When Bella and her Dad had a talk, Bella said Thats really nice, Dad. And it is translated Asyik, Dad. The TL becomes shorter but it doesnt change the meaning. In the sentence I looked at the map in thye truck, trying to memorize it now becomes aku mempelajari petanya di dalam truk, berusaha mengingatnya. We can see that the word now is ommited. There is no sekarang (no) in Bahasa Indonesia version. Next, the engine started quickly, to my relief, but loudly, roaring to life and then idling at top volume. Is translated Mesinnya langsung menyala, dan aku lega karenanya, tapi derunya keras sekali. It is obvious that there is a substraction in the words but loudly, roaring to life and then idling at top volume that becomes tapi derunya keras sekali. Those words are still explain the same intention. There is a man says Well , good luck to Bella, but in the TL it becomes Semoga berhasil. The word well is omitted and not translated. Another substraction is in I smiled at him vaguely and went inside which is in TL written Aku tersenyum samar dan masuk. If it is fully translated, it should be Aku tersenyum samar padanya dan masuk. The word at him is not included in the TL. Next, I tried to be diplomatic, but mostly I just lie a lot, become Aku mencoba berdiplomasi, tapi secara keseluruhan aku hanya berbohong. The word a lot is omitted, but in my opinion, it is not a big matter because the word mostly is already explain that the character (Bella Swan) is saying so many lies. The other substraction is in They were sitting in thr corner of the cafetaria, as far away from where I sat as possible in the long room, that translated Mereka duduk di sudut kafetaria, sejauh mungkin dari tempat dudukku. In the long room is not put in the TL. I think that words should be put in the TL because they are somekind of description. The more even translator transfer the description from SL to TL, the more the readers can imagine the situation and condition that the writer want.

ADDITION In the first paragraph, with the windows rolled down becomes jendela mobil yang kami tunggangi dibiarkan terbuka. The ST doesnt mention car that we ride as mobil yang kami tunggangi but the translator adds some word because it would be weird and not wellunderstandable if it is translated to dengan jendela digulungkan ke bawah. Next, laugh line is translated in to garis usia di sekeliling bibir dan matanya. It is clear that there is no words in the SL that should be meant to be di sekeliling bibir dan matanya, but they come out in the TL. We can see that he translator adds the words to make it clear as when we laugh, there will be a wrinkle around the lips and eyes. It also hppen in I will that translated Akan ku sampaikan. It should be Aku akan, right. But, to make it become a good conversation Akan ku sampaikan is better to used. The next case is Ketika kami sudah berada di mobil while in the SL it is written When we were strapped in. There is a sentence Aku tidak keberatan kok which is come from I dont mind. The translator adds kok to make it such as a daily conversation in Bahasa. But there is no word in English that refers to kok. Then, in the sentence My mom said to me becomes Akhirnya ibuku berkata kata. There is no ST for akhirnya in the sentence but the translator adds it anyway. They are very nice-looking becomes mereka sangat tampan dan cantik. There are no handsome and beautiful in the English version, it just nice-looking which is refers to tampan dan cantik. Then, sentence He stared at me again, meeting my eyes with the strangest expression of his face becomes Ia menatapku lagi, mataku bertemu mata dengan sepasang mata dengan ekspresi paling aneh. Next, I couldnt believe that this was about me that translated to be longer Aku sama sekali tidak percaya keinginannya memindahkan kelas Biologi-nya ada hubungannya denganku. The translator made the TL more detail so it can be understood easily.

CONCLUSION Overall, in general the translator use free translation method. Some translation

theories such as translation shifts, which has borrowing calque and modulation, substration and addition are used to make the TL undersandable and have a good sense. \

REFERENCES Meyer, Stephenie. (2005). Twilight. New York : Little, Brown and Company. Bell, R. T. (1998). Psychological/cognitive approaches. In M. Baker (Ed), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies. London & New York: Routledge. Newmark, P. (1988a). A Textbook of Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall. Newmark, P. (1988b). Approaches to Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall. Newmark, P. (1991). About Translation: Multilingual Matters. Clevedon, Philadelphia, Adelaide: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Venuti, L. (1998). Strategies of translation. In M. Baker (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of translation studies (pp. 240-244). London and New York: Routledge. The websites: http://www.translationdirectory.com.