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I.
Price
Section 5.1Work A. Definition of work 1. Work does not mean the same thing in Physics as it does in the everyday sense of the word. 2. Work is defined as a force causing a displacement.
6. Note that is the angle between the applied force and the displacement. 7. Work is described in Newtons x meters (force x displacement). The unit of work is the Joule (J) 8. 1 Newton meter = 1 Joule 9. Work is a vector with both direction AND magnitude. This means WORK CAN BE NEGATIVE! 10. Negative work is most commonly used to slow an object down or decrease its velocity. II. Section 5-2: Energy A. Kinetic Energy 1
1. Kinetic energy is associated with an object in motion. 2. Kinetic energy depends on speed and mass
B. Potential Energy 1. Kinetic energy is associated with motion potential energy is stored energy with the potential to do work given the right conditions. a. Examples: a ball at the top of a ramp, an arrow in a bent bow, a rocket on a launch pad 2. Gravitational Potential Energy is the result of an objects position relative to a gravitational field. (also measured in Joules)
an objects positionrelative to some zero level. (p.178) This means that we compare an objects potential energy relative to a position where its potential energy would be zero. 4. Elastic Potential Energy can be stored in springs and elastic.
k = the spring constant and is different for every spring (weak springs have a small k, strong springs have a large k) and are measured in N/m. b. x = the distance the object is stretched or compressed in meters
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III. Section 5-3: Conservation of Energy A. The First Law of Thermodynamics is that In any process, the total energy of the universe remains constant.Wikipedia This means that energy
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can never be created or destroyed only converted into mass and back again. (E = mc2) B. Mechanical Energy (kinetic and potential energy) is often conserved if we neglect friction. C. Energy can change form (from potential to kinetic, to gravitational to elastic, but will always total up to be the same D. Sample Problem 5E on p.184 provides a good example E. Friction converts mechanical energy (movement) into non-mechanical energy (heat)ergo mechanical energy is NOT conserved in the presence of friction, but total energy is. Section 5-4: Power A. The rate at which work is done is called power
Power P = W/t
Power = work / time
rewrite P = Fv (power = force x velocity) C. The standard unit for power is the watt D. Conversions: 1 watt = 1 joule/second 1 horsepower = 746 watts