Chapter 2 The Gaseous State 2.1 The Gas Laws 1.

Boyles Law states that at constant ,the volume of a mixed mass of an ideal gas is proportional to its pressure. Mathematical expressions of the law includes..and. 2. Sketch the graphs for the following conditions at which Boyles Law is concerned.

pV against pressure

pressure against volume

pressure against 1/volume

3. Real gases obey Boyles Law only at ..pressure and temperature. 4. Charles Law states that, at constant, the volume of a fixed mass of an ideal gas is proportional to its absolute temperature. 5. The mathematical expressions of the law include.and 6. The temperature known as absolute zero is ..on a Celcius scale and ..on a Kelvin scale. 7. Avogadros Law states that equal volume of all gases at the same .and . Contain equal number of atoms or molecules. 8. The molar volume of any gas at standard temperature and pressure is while the conditions for s.t.p. are .(temperature)and (pressure). 2.2 Ideal Gas Equation 1. The general gas law has an equation.. 2. The ideal gas equation is .where R has the value of or 2.3 Daltons Law of Partial Pressures 1. Daltons Law states that the total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases that do not react is the . 2. Mole fraction has the formula.. 3. The partial pressure of a gas can be calculated if the total pressure of the gaseous mixture and the mole fraction are known. The partial pressure is the product of and . 2.4 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 1. The kinetic theory of gases explains the physical properties of gases.

2. One of the five assumptions that make up the theory is gas consists of tiny particles that have volume. The particles are separated at a great distance. They are extremely compressible as there is a lot of .in between them. 3. do not exist between them mentions that gas particles therefore travel in and is not influenced by other particles. 4. The molecules are in continuous .motion. They collide with one another and with the .to create pressure. 5. The .are perfectly elastic. There is no loss of .. 6. The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is ..to the absolute temperature. 7. Sketch the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve for two different temperatures.

8. The area under the curve is derectly proportional to the 9. As the temperature rises, the curve shifts to the .and its peak is This indicates that at higher temperature, the number of gas molecules with ..will increase. 10. Absolute zero is the temperature at which all the motions of a molecule stops. However, at this temperature, the .are still moving around the nucleus although the molecules have stopped moving. 2.5 Deviation from Ideal Behaviour 1. An ideal gas has molecules that occpy negligible .compared with the ..of the container and there are no forces of between. 2. The extent of deviation from ideal behaviour depends on.., . And the presence of polar molecules. 3. The pressure of a gas is caused by the of gas particles on the sides of a container. A molecule close to the wall has forces of attraction on one side only and that results in a resultant force tending to .it from the wall. When a molecule collides with the wall, the inward attaraction the force exerted by the impact. As a result, the actual pressure exerted on the wall is than that expected. This caused the value of ..to be less than RT and shows ..deviation

4. The volume availabeld for he molecules is always .than the observed volume because the molecules occupy . This makes the value of pV to be ..than RT.