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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending EN 1993-1-3 V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina
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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending
This example deals with the effective properties calculation of a coldformed lipped channel section subjected to bending about its major axis. Basic Data The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are: Total height h = 200 mm Total width of flange in compression Total width of flange in tension Total width of edge fold Internal radius Nominal thickness
Steel core thickness Basic yield strength Modulus of elasticity Poissons ratio
b1 = 74 mm b2 = 66 mm

c = 20,8 mm r = 3 mm
t nom = 2 mm

t = 1,96 mm
f yb = 350 N mm 2

EN1993-1-3 3.2.4(3)

E = 210000 N mm 2

= 0,3

Partial factor

M0 = 1,00

EN1993-1-3 2(3)

The dimensions of the section centre line are:

Web height
Width of flange in compression Width of flange in tension

hp = h t nom = 200 2 = 198 mm bp1 = b1 t nom = 74 2 = 72 mm

bp2 = b2 t nom = 66 2 = 64 mm cp = c t nom 2 = 20,8 2 2 = 19,8 mm

Width of edge fold

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending EN 1993-1-3 V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina
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Checking of geometrical proportions

The design method of EN1993-1-3 can be applied if the following conditions EN1993-1-3 are satisfied: 5.2 b t 60 b1 t = 74 1,96 = 37,75 < 60 OK
c t 50
h t 500

c t = 20,8 1,96 = 10,61 < 50 OK

h t = 200 1,96 = 102,04 < 500 OK

In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the stiffener itself, the size of stiffener should be within the following range:
0,2 c b 0,6 c b1 = 20,8 74 = 0,28 c b2 = 20,8 66 = 0,32

0,2 < 0,28 < 0,6 OK

0,2 < 0,32 < 0,6 OK EN1993-1-3 5.1(3)

The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:

r t5 r t = 3 1,96 = 1,53 < 5 OK

r bp 0,10

r bp1 = 3 72 = 0,04 < 0,10 OK r bp 2 = 3 64 = 0,05 < 0,10 OK

Gross section properties

Abr = t (2cp + bp1 + bp2 + hp ) = 1,96 (2 19,8 + 72 + 64 + 198) = 732 mm 2 Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:
z b1

[c (h =
p

2 2 cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp 2 + cp 2 t

Abr

= 96,88 mm

Effective section properties of the flange and lip in compression

The general (iterative) procedure is applied to calculate the effective EN1993-1-3 properties of the compressed flange and the lip (plane element with edge 5.5.3.2 stiffener). The calculation should be carried out in three steps:
Step 1:

Obtain an initial effective cross-section for the stiffener using effective widths EN1993-1-3 of the flange determined by assuming that the compressed flange is doubly 5.5.3.2(3) supported, the stiffener gives full restraint ( K = ) and that design strength is not reduced ( com,Ed = f yb / M 0 ).

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending EN 1993-1-3 V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina
Date Date

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Effective width of the compressed flange The stress ratio: = 1 (uniform compression), so the buckling factor is: k = 4 for internal compression element.
EN1993-1-3 5.5.2 and EN1993-1-5 4.4

= 235 f yb
The relative slenderness: bp1 t 28,4 k

p,b =

72 1,96 = 0,789 28,4 235 350 4

The width reduction factor is:

p,b 0,055(3 + ) 0,789 0,055 (3 + 1) = = 0,914 0,789 2 p,b 2

The effective width is:

beff = bp1 = 0 ,914 72 = 65,8 mm be1 = be2 = 0 ,5beff = 0 ,5 65,8 = 32 ,9 mm

Effective width of the edge fold The buckling factor is: if bp, c bp1 0,35 : if 0,35 < bp,c bp1 0,6 :

EN1993-1-3

k = 0,5
k = 0,5 + 0,83 3 (bp, c bp1 0,35)
2

5.5.3.2(5a)

bp, c bp1 = 19,8 72 = 0,275 < 0,35

The relative slenderness:

so

k = 0,5 EN1993-1-5 4.4

p,c =

cp t 28,4 k

19,8 1,96 = 0,614 28,4 235 350 0,5

The width reduction factor is:

p,c 0,188 0,614 0,188 = = 1,13 0,614 2 p,c 2

so

but 1

=1

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending EN 1993-1-3 V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina
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The effective width is: ceff = cp = 1 19,8 = 19,8 mm Effective area of the edge stiffener: As = t be2 + ceff = 1,96 32,9 + 19,8 = 103,3 mm 2
Step 2:

EN1993-1-3 5.5.3.2(5a)

5.5.3.2(6)

Use the initial effective cross-section of the stiffener to determine the EN1993-1-3 reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring restraint. 5.5.3.2(3) The elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is EN1993-1-3 5.5.3.2(7)

cr ,s =
where:

2 K E Is As

K is the spring stiffness per unit length: K= E t3 1 2 3 2 4(1 ) b1 hp + b1 + 0,5 b1 b2 hp kf

EN1993-1-3 5.5.3.1(5)

with:
b1 distance from the web to the centre of the effective area of the stiffener in compression (upper flange)

b1 = bp1

be2t be2 2 32,9 1,96 32,9 2 = 72 = 61,73 mm (be2 + ceff )t (32,9 + 19,8) 1,96

kf = 0 for bending about the y-y axis K = 0,439 N mm

I s is the effective second moment of area of the stiffener:

3 2 ceff 2 ceff be2 t 3 ceff t ceff Is = + + be2 t + ceff t 12 12 2(be2 + ceff ) 2 2(be2 + ceff ) 2 2

I s = 3663 mm 4

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending EN 1993-1-3 V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina
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so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is

cr,s =

2 0,439 210000 3663 = 355,78 N mm 2 103,3 EN1993-1-3 5.5.3.2(3) Figure 5.10d EN1993-1-3 5.5.3.1(7) EN1993-1-5

Thickness reduction factor d for the edge stiffener The relative slenderness:

d =

f yb cr,s = 350 355,78 = 0,992

The reduction factor will be: if d 0,65 if 0,65 < d < 1,38 if d 1,38

d = 1,0 d = 1,47 0,723 d d = 0,66 d

so

0,65 < d = 0,992 < 1,38

Step 3:

d = 1,47 0,723 0,992 = 0,753

4.4(2) EN1993-1-3

As the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener is d < 1, iterate to refine 5.5.3.2(3) the value of the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener. Figure 5.10e The iterations are carried out based on modified values of obtained using:

com,Ed,i = d f yb M0 and

p, red = p d

EN1993-1-3 5.5.3.2 (10)

The iteration stops when the reduction factor converges. Initial values (iteration 1): Final values (iteration n):

d = 0,753
be2 = 32,9 mm ceff = 19,8 mm

d = d, n = 0,737
be2 = be2, n = 35,9 mm ceff = ceff,n = 19,8 mm be2 = 35,9 mm ceff = 19,8 mm

Final values of effective properties for flange and lip in compression are:

d = 0,737

and be1 = 32,9 mm

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending EN 1993-1-3 V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina
Date Date

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t red = t d = 1,96 0,737 = 1,44 mm

EN1993-1-3 5.5.3.2(12)

Effective section properties of the web

The position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:
hc = cp (hp cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp 2 + ceff d 2
2 2

cp + bp2 + hp + be1 + (be2 + ceff ) d

hc = 101,6 mm

The stress ratio:

hc hp hc

101,6 198 = 0,949 101,6

The buckling factor: k = 7,81 6,29 + 9,78 2 The relative slenderness: hp t 28,4 k k = 22,58

EN1993-1-5 4.4 (Table 4.1)

p, h =

198 1,96 = 0,914 28,4 235 350 22,58

The width reduction factor is:

p, h 0,055(3 + ) 0,914 0,055 (3 0,949) = = 0,959 0,9142 p, h 2

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending EN 1993-1-3 V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina
Date Date

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The effective width of the zone in compression of the web is: heff = hc = 0,959 101,6 = 97,5 mm Near the flange in compression: he1 = 0,4heff = 0,4 97,5 = 39 mm Near the neutral axis: he2 = 0,6heff = 0,6 97,5 = 58,5 mm The effective width of the web is: Near the flange in compression: h1 = he1 = 39 mm Near the flange in tension: h2 = hp (hc he2 ) = 198 (101,6 58,5) = 154,9 mm
Effective section properties

Effective cross-section area:

Aeff = t[cp + bp 2 + h1 + h2 + be1 + (be 2 + ceff ) d ]

Aeff = 1,96 [19,8 + 64 + 39 + 154,9 + 32,9 + (35,9 + 19,8) 0,737] Aeff = 689,2 mm 2 Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression:
zc = t cp (hp cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + h2 (hp h2 2 ) + h1 2 + ceff d 2
2 2

Aeff

zc = 102,3 mm Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in tension: z t = hp zc = 198 102,3 = 95,7 mm

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending EN 1993-1-3 V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina
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Second moment of area:

3 3 3 c t b t 3 b ( t )3 c 3 ( d t ) h1 t h2 t bp2t + + + p + e1 + e2 d + eff + I eff,y = 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 2 + cp t ( z t cp 2) 2 + bp 2tz t + h2t ( z t h2 2) 2 + h1t ( zc h1 2) 2 + 3

+ be1t zc + be2 ( d t ) zc + ceff ( d t )( zc ceff 2) 2

2 2

I eff,y = 4139861 mm 4

Effective section modulus: - with regard to the flange in compression Weff,y,c = I eff,y zc I eff,y zt = 4139861 = 40463 mm3 102,3

- with regard to the flange in tension Weff,y,t = = 4139861 = 43264 mm3 95,7

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending T3701a-DFE.doc

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RESOURCE TITLE Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by the following STEEL Partners: 1. UK 2. France 3. Sweden 4. Germany 5. Spain Resource approved by Technical Coordinator TRANSLATED DOCUMENT This Translation made and checked by: Translated resource approved by: SCI CTICM SBI RWTH Labein V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff D. Dubina Company BRITT Ltd. Timisoara, Romania BRITT Ltd. Timisoara, Romania Date 05/12/2005 08/12/2005

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending T3701a-DFE.doc

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Title* Series Description* Access Level* Identifiers* This example deals with the effective properties calculation of a cold-formed lipped channel section subjected to bending about its major axis. Expertise Filename C:\Documents and Settings\viorel.ungureanu\Desktop\STEEL_iteratia2\upload 2\T3701a.doc Microsoft Office Word; 10 Pages; 587kb; Resource Type Viewpoint Subject* Dates Application Area(s) Created Date Last Modified Date Checked Date Valid From Valid To Language(s)* Contacts Author English V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff, BRITT Ltd. Timisoara, Romania Worked example Engineer Residential buildings 23/02/2006 Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in bending

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