Line follower Robot / Buggie Project code:- E3 Project Cost:- INR:- Rs.

7500/- USD:- 200$

One of my friend working for B.H.E.L asked me once ,can you design a control cir cuit for the truck so that the truck can be operated without driver on the road. Thay had lot of trouble with the local union ,and some times drivers do not perf orm the way they are expected.Their requirement was to convey a raw material fro m point a to point b in a circular fashion. Road reserved only for this purpose. Line follower robot / buggie Block Diagram Watch Video One truck normally takes 150 trips in a day and they want to increase this frequ ency. There was lot of trouble with designing realtime due to so many factors,bu t I kept in mind when my student friend asked me to design for them, I worked on the project and this is the presentation. This buggiee is self powered, Heart of our robo is intel most power family of micr ocontroller 8051,we are using, at89c2051microcontroller IC2. IC33 is ld293 motor driver ic which drives two nos motors M1 and M2..IC1 is 7805 ,5v regulator ic. Circuit operation: We have fixed INFRA RED sensors on fore side on the robo. The principle of senso rs is that black colour will normally observe the light where other colours will normally reflects the lights light source is fixed down ward D1 and D3 are infr a red leds and D2 and D4 are photo diodes reflected light will fall on the photo diode . IR l.e.d. D1 has series resistor R8 limiting the current to 40mA. This is near the maximum for the l.e.d., producing a high level of illumination. The radiation reflected back from the surface is detected by IR photodiode D2. This is reverse-biased so only a weak leakage current flows.The current passes t hrough a high resistance (R9 plus preset Potentiometer There are two sensors, ea ch comprising an infra-red (IR) l.e.d. and an infrared pho todiode. The l.e.d. is directed down onto the surface over which the vehicle is travellin g. The photodiode receives the reflected radiation. The sensor gives a low logic output when the surface is black or dark- coloured, and a high output when the surface is white or light- coloured. The reason for using infra-red is to avoid interference from ambient light. No p roblems were found when operating in bright indoor daylight, or in low-level inc andescent illumination.The sensors are used to detect lines painted in black on a white background. Theoretically, it is possible to operate the sensors in the reverse direction, by chang ing the program so that they respond to white lines on a black background. This was the original intention, but an unexpect ed problem was encountered some black cardboard is not black, or at least, it is not black in infra-red light.T wo different batches of black card were tried, purchased from the same stationer s. They both looked equally black to the eye; one did not reflect IR, but the ot her reflect- ed it very strongly. The robot was unable to detect a white strip o n the reflecting black background. So it was decided to use white (or light-colo ured) fluorescent or metallic card as the background and paint the paths IC5 is nand gate ic 4011 to reverse the logic before it is given to p3.3 and p3.4 of th e microcontroller as left and right sensor input. This low logic detection confirms that the robo is not on the black road if the robo is out of the black road this logic will become low and it indicates off-ro

ad. Depending upon the left or right sensor robo will move towards right or left direction in order to stay on road out put from both the sensors shoul be high when the robo is on the road.