GRPH 210: TYPOGRAPHY

RULES OF TYPESETTING
Monospace After Periods Use only ONE space after periods, colons, exclamation points, question marks, quotation marksany punctuation that separates two sentences. Characters on a typewriter are given the same amount of space. On a Mac, the characters are proportionally spaced, so an m doesn't take up the same space as an i or e. Use real quotation marksnever those grotesque generic marks that actually symbolize inch or foot marks: and , not " and ". Tabs and Indents Using InDesign, do one of the following: 1) Deselect the Use Typographers Quotes option in the Type section of the Preferences dialog box, and then type the quotation mark or apostrophe. (Use the shortcut key strokes displayed on the Insert Special Character menu to add quotation marks.) 2) Choose Insert > Glyphs, and then insert the straight quotation mark. 3) Press Shift+Ctrl+Alt+' (Windows) or Shift+Command+Option+' (Mac OS) to toggle between turning on and off the Use Typographers Quotes preferences option. Apostrophes These belong with singular and plural possessives and contractions. Plural possessives: s' Singular possessives: 's Dates: '80 Do not use hyphens to substitute as dashes. Use en and em dashes instead. Hyphens ( - ) are used for hyphenating words only. No more than two lines in a row should be hyphenated. Avoid using too many hyphens. Never hyphenate a word in a headline. En dashes ( ) are used for any indication of duration (Monday Friday, 7 9 p.m., 2005 2006) and for compound adjectives (pre Vietnam, SpanishAmerican War).On the keyboard, this is OPTION Em dashes ( ) are used in a manner similar to a colon or parentheses, for a change of thought or where a period is too strong and a comma is too weak. On the keyboard, this is OPTION SHIFT * When using fonts like New York and Geneva, the keyboard commands for en and em dashes are reversed. Underlining Do not underline for emphasis or for books and periodicals. Use italics for publications, and bold, italics, CAPITAL LETTERS or larger print to denote emphasis. Never use all caps for body copy. They are almost impossible to read. Never use script fonts in all caps for display or body text. Widows an d Orphans Kerning Kerning is adjusting the space between letters according to you visual perception so that a word appears unified. Kerning should always be done to capital letters in displaytext, and to lowercase letters in display text which appear to be "floating away" from other letters. Tracking is the uniform adjustment of letter spacing between letters over a range of text (a line, a text block, and so on). Never use the spacebar to align text! Instead, use tabs and indents to align text. It is cleaner and much less of a hassle. "Tabs" can be found under the Type menu in InDesign or by typing SHIFT + + T Leading is the vertical space between two or more lines of type. Text: Depending upon the font used and your design, leading for body text should be about two point sizes more than the type size. Headlines: For headlines with few descenders, leading should be two points less than the type size.\par All Caps: Leading should be two points less than the type size. To adjust the space between paragraphs, see the "Formats" window under the Style menu, and adjust the spaces before and spaces after the paragraphs. A widow is one word, or part of a word, left on the last line at the end of a paragraph. An orphan is a short line left over from a paragraph from a previous column or page which appears at the top of the following column or page of text. Neither of these are desirable in typesetting. You can get rid of them in several ways: re-write or edit the text, use the text tracking controls, or use the widow and orphan controls under "Formats" window under the Style menu. Generally, you can use up to three different fonts which compliment one another in a document. Don't go overboard. Outlandish font usages is a key sign of the work of an amateur. In design, less is always more. Tracking Quotation Marks

Leading/Linespacing

Dashes

Font Usage

Capital Letters