The effects and impacts of the no-soft drinks-every-Monday campaign among NHM students of Centro Escolar University; Mendiola

Manila SY:2011.

Introduction The no soft drinks every Monday campaign in CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY was suggested and approved by the president. It was launched on the 3rd week of July, by the SAO. On that campaign our group was intrigue so we decided to conduct a research.

The popularity of soft drinks increases year after year, due in part to their sweet taste, and in part to the aggressive and pervasive advertising campaigns run by soda companies. Recent statistics indicate that soft drinks are now the single largest source of calories among teenagers, the number is even higher, soft drinks account for nearly 13% of their total calories.

Soft drinks are enormously popular beverages consisting primarily of carbonated water, sugar, and flavorings.Nearly 200 nations enjoy the sweet, sparkling soda with an annual consumption of more than 34 billion gallons. Today there are hundreds of varieties of flavored soft drinks. Some of the world's largest corporations including Coca-Cola Co.and PepsiCo founded their businesses on softdrink manufacturing.

We are now conducting this study to know if this campaign has significant effect on the students. Statement of the problem

The study aimed to determine the impacts of the No-soft drinks-every-Monday campaign of CEU among 4th year HRM students of SY: 2011. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents (4th year HRM students; SY: 2011) in terms

of: 1.1. Name 1.2.Gender 1.3.Course 1.4.Age 1.5.Amount of daily allowance 2. What are the impacts of this campaign to HRM students in terms of: 2.1.Personality Development 2.2.Sense of responsibility 2.3.Health 2.4.Budget

Hypothesis This survey campaign has a significant effect to 4th year HRM students concerning their health, sense of responsibility, daily diet and daily budget.

Assumption

This reference was anchored on the assumption that the respondents answered this survey questionnaire in an accurate way and honest manner. Significance of the Study The outcome of the study is significant to the following: Students (Escolarians) This study will help them know / realize the importance of the No-soft drinksevery-Monday campaign. It will also help them realize the good and bad effects of not drinking soft drinks even for only once in a week. Professors This research will help them know if the campaign is productive and if it must be continued. Future Researchers It will provide them more information and this could be made as a source of reference.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is primarily concerned to determine the impacts of no-soft drinksevery-Monday campaign to 4th year HRM students of Centro Escolar University SY: 2011. HRM consist of students who are aware of the said campaign and for those who had first time heard of it. The researchers are mainly focused in the said school and in the campaign implemented within the university. It involves the respondents perspective and insights about the campaign. Conceptual Framework The research used the conceptual framework to conduct the study on the impacts of the No-soft drinks-every-Monday campaign among 4th year HRM students of CEU Mendiola, Manila SY: 2011. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

-SAO -4th year HRM students SY: 2011-2012

-Implementation of No-soft drinks-everyMonday-campaign. -Survey questionnaire

-Decrease expenses -Decrease health risk - Gain impacts and benefits in different aspect. - Continuous implementation of the campaign

The department of SAO implemented the no-soft drinks-every-Monday

campaign for the students to gain impacts and benefits in different aspect, to decrease health risk, expenses and daily diet. Figure 1- Paradigm

This paradigm shows how this study works. The input box shows different people who could participate in the campaign. It consists of BSHRM students, Escolarians, School Administration, faculty and staff. The School Administration, faculty and staff could work together hand in hand for achieving / implementing the campaigns goals and objectives. The canteens follow processes to have a good result of the campaign. The implementation of the campaign includes execution of the assigned task by these people involved. They are informed about this campaign to achieve the best result. Once the students have well, they could gain impacts of this in their health, diet and daily budget. They could have lower risk of ulcer and hyper-acidity. And through the success of this study the implementation of the no-soft drinks-every-Monday campaign will be continued every year.

Definition of Terms

Difficult terms are used in this research. For further clarification and understanding, the following are presented: BSHRMS. It refers to the Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Students. CEU. The acronym CEU refers to Centro Escolar University. NHM. The acronym NHM refers to Nutrition and Hospitality Management. HRM.The acronym HRM refers to Hotel and Restaurant Management. Escolarians. Refer to the students of Centro Escolar University. Ulcer. A discontinuity of the gastrointestinal mucosa (stomach ulcer) Hyper-acidity. Also known as acid dyspepsia is the condition of excreting more than the normal amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

NOTES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperacidity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer

CHAPTER 2 Local Literature

Soft drinks are hazardous to your health! Indeed, it is a very significant culprit in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes today, according to a review of 88 independent clinical studies. The medical evidence is overwhelming! Here in the Philippines, more than 5.07 million of the 86,241,697 Filipinos suffer from Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Women who drank one or more sodas per day were two times as likely to develop diabetes, compared to those who imbibed less than one per month. And these pop beverages also contribute a lot to the obesity epidemic. Since the Philippines has a very high incidence of diabetes (and obesity is also creeping up fast), it behooves our government, medical societies, leaders in education, and the public in general, to seriously and urgently join this global trend to protect the children by banning soft drinks in schools. The rapid growth in the incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus is a metabolic time bomb that is starting to explode, brought on by, among others, sugar-loaded drinks and the "super-sizing" Local Study Many of these flavoured drinks contain ingredients that can become an addiction. It is well known that sugar can be addictive; it is well known that caffeine is addictive and it is not only cola drinks that contain caffeine - these days there are many so-called softdrinks' that contain caffeine and are listed under the genre of energy drinks'.

these drinks can be a nightmare and cause all sorts of allergic responses; even in very small amounts some of these ingredients may cause life threatening allergic reactions in very sensitive individuals. One of the ingredients in diet soda is Aspartame that serves as an artificial sweetener that can cause irreversible brain damage, birth defects, including mental retardation, peptic ulcers, severe depression, aggressive behavior, palpitations, tachycardia, shortness of breath, recent high blood pressure, insomnia, blindness in one or both eyes, Sodium Citrates serves as food acids (stabilizer)that can cause severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black, tarry stools; confusion; severe stomach pain; tingling of hands or feet; vomiting and weakness. Soft drink also contains phosphoric acid. In its pure form is a colorless, odorless crystal extracted from rocks with sulfuric acid or by burning off elemental phosphorus and adding water to the byproduct. It's a corrosive acid and can form toxic fumes when it comes into contact with alcohols, ketones and other organic compounds. It's used in fertilizers, livestock feed, soaps, polishes, dyes, polishing metals and in many other nonfood products. It's added to soft drinks to provide a sharper, tangy taste and to help slow the growth of molds and bacteria in sugary formulas. It can cause dermatitis, pain, tearing, blurred vision, difficulty swallowing or breathing, and gastrointestinal problems.

Foreign Study

Soft Drinks - America According to the National Soft Drink Association (NSDA), consumption of soft drinks is now over 600 12-ounce servings (12 oz.) per person per year. Since 1978, soda consumption in the us has tripled for boys and doubled for girls. Young males age 12-29 are the biggest consumers at over 160 gallons per year-that's almost 2 quarts per day. At these levels, the calories from soft drinks contribute as much as 10 percent of the total daily caloric intake for a growing boy. Huge increases in soft drink consumption have not happened by chance-they are due to intense marketing efforts by soft drink corporations. Coca Cola, for example, has set the goal of raising consumption of its products in the US by at least 25 percent per year. The adult market is stagnant so kids are the target. According to an article in Beverage, January 1999, "Influencing elementary school students is very important to soft drink marketers." Since the 1960s the industry has increased the single-serving size from a standard 6--ounce bottle to a 20- ounce bottle. At movie theaters and at 7-Eleven stores the most popular size is now the 64ounce "Double Gulp." Soft drink companies spend billions on advertising. Much of these marketing efforts are aimed at children through playgrounds, toys, cartoons, movies, videos, charities and amusement parks; and through contests, sweepstakes, games and clubs via television, radio, magazines and the internet. Their efforts have paid off. Last year soft drink companies grossed over $57 billion in sales in the US alone, a colossal amount. In 1998 the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) warned the public that soft drink companies were beginning to infiltrate our schools and kid clubs. For example,

they reported that Coca-Cola paid the Boys & Girls Clubs of America $60 million to market its brand exclusively in over 2000 facilities. Fast food companies selling soft drinks now run ads on Channel One, the commercial television network with programming shown in classrooms almost every day to eight million middle, junior and high school students. In 1993, District 11 in Colorado Springs became the first public school district in the US to place ads for Burger King in its hallways and on the sides of its school buses. Later, the school district signed a 10-year deal with Coca-Cola, bringing in $11 million during the life of the contract. This arrangement was later imitated all over Colorado. The contracts specify annual sales quotas with the result that school administrators encourage students to drink sodas, even in the classrooms. One high school in Beltsville, Maryland, made nearly $100,000 last year on a deal with a soft drink company. While our children are exposed to unremitting publicity for soft drinks, evidence of their dangers accumulates. The consumption of soft drinks, like land-mine terrain, is riddled with hazards. We as practitioners and advocates of a healthy life-style recognize that consuming even as little as one or two sodas per day is undeniably connected to a myriad of pathologies. The most commonly associated health risks are obesity, diabetes and other blood sugar disorders, tooth decay, osteoporosis and bone fractures, nutritional deficiencies, heart disease, food addictions and eating disorders, neurotransmitter dysfunction from chemical sweeteners, and neurological and adrenal disorders from excessive caffeine. Warnings about the dangers of soft drink consumption came to us as early as 1942 when the American Medical Association's (AMA) Council on Food and Nutrition made the following noble statement:

"From the health point of view it is desirable especially to have restriction of such use of sugar as is represented by consumption of sweetened carbonated beverages and forms of candy which are of low nutritional value. The Council believes it would be in the interest of the public health for all practical means to be taken to limit consumption of sugar in any form in which it fails to be combined with significant proportions of other foods of high nutritive quality." Since that time the first notable public outcry came in 1998, 56 years later, when the CSPI published a paper called "Liquid Candy" blasting the food industry for "mounting predatory marketing campaigns [especially] aimed at children and adolescents." At a press conference, CSPI set up 868 cans of soda to represent the amount of soda the average young male consumed during the prior year. For additional shock effect, CSPI displayed baby bottles with soft drink logos such as Pepsi, Seven-up and Dr. Pepper, highlighting a study that "found that parents are four times more likely to feed their children soda pop when their children use those logo bottles than when they don't." In "Liquid Candy" CSPI revealed that even though, over a period of fifty years, soft drink production increased nine times and by 1998 ".provided more than one-third of all refined sugars in the diet. The AMA and other health organizations [remained] largely silent." How could the medical community and we as responsible citizens concerned with health policy have been apathetic for a half a century? Considering this question makes me feel like a tired old guard dog that knows he is ignoring his responsibilities, but is too worn down to do anything about them. Even if inertia were not a problem, the money and effort required to launch a public interest campaign to stand up to the soft drink industry would be Herculean if not impossible. In the meantime, the relentlessly

ambitious and wealthy soft drink companies with their very hip life-style ads manage to seduce ever-increasing numbers of consumers, most of them our kids. High Fructose Corn Syrup, now used in preference to sugar, is associated with poor development of collagen in growing animals, especially in the context of copper deficiency. All fructose must be metabolized by the liver. Animals on high-fructose diets develop liver problems similar to those of alcoholics. Aspartame, used in diet sodas, is a potent neurotoxin and endocrine disrupter. Caffeine stimulates the adrenal gland without providing nourishment. In large amounts, caffeine can lead to adrenal exhaustion, especially in children. Phosphoric acid, added to give soft drinks "bite," is associated with calcium loss. Citric acid often contains traces of MSG, a neurotoxin. Artificial Flavors may also contain traces of MSG. Water may contain high amounts of fluoride and other contaminants. One common problem I have seen over the years, especially in teenagers, is general gastrointestinal (GI) distress. This includes increased stomach acid levels requiring acid inhibitors and moderate to severe gastric inflammation with possible stomach lining erosion. The common complaint I hear is chronic "stomach ache." In almost every case, when the client successfully abstains from sodas and caffeine, the symptoms will go away. What causes these symptoms? We know that many soda brands contain caffeine and that caffeine does increase stomach acid levels. What we may not be aware of is that sodas also contain an array of chemical acids as additives, such as acetic, fumaric, gluconic and phosphoric acids, all of them synthetically produced. That is why certain

sodas work so well when used to clean car engines. For human consumption, however, the effects are much less satisfying and quite precarious. Drinking sodas, especially on an empty stomach, can upset the fragile acid-alkaline balance of the stomach and other gastric lining, creating a continuous acid environment. This prolonged acid environment can lead to inflammation of the stomach and duodenal lining which becomes quite painful. Over the long term, it can lead to gastric lining erosion. Another problem with sodas is that they act as dehydrating diuretics, much like tea, coffee and alcohol. All of these drinks can inhibit proper digestive function. It is much healthier to consume herbal teas, nutritional soups and broths, naturally lacto-fermented beverages and water to supply our daily fluid needs. These fluids support, not inhibit, digestion. Students are now being given "electrolyte" drinks called "cryogenic aids" to replace electrolytes that are allegedly depleted during workouts. There are three problems with using these drinks as a rehydration solution. First, most soft drinks are diuretics, meaning they squeeze liquids out of the body, thus exacerbating dehydration instead of correcting it. Second, most people actually lose few electrolytes during exercise. After exercise the body is usually in an electrolyte load having lost more fluids than electrolytes. If sweating has been profuse, electrolytes can be replaced by drinking a lacto-fermented beverage or pure mineral water, which contains a proper ratio of minerals (electrolytes), and by eating a healthy diet containing Celtic sea salt. Third, when we give sugar-laden drinks to dehydrated kids, the high sugar content requires that blood be sent to the stomach to digest it. This fluid shift can lower the blood volume in other parts of the body making them more susceptible to cramps and heat-related illnesses.

The industry has begun to market so-called stimulant soft drinks, which usually consist of higher-than-usual levels of caffeine, along with other compound stimulants. According to an article published in The Lancet, December 2000, the Irish government ordered "urgent research" into the effects of so-called "functional energy" or stimulant soft drinks after the death of an 18-year-old who died while playing basketball. He had consumed three cans of "Red Bull," a stimulant soft drink. The article noted there have been reports of a rise in aggressive late-night violence occurring when people switch to these drinks while drowsy from too much alcohol. The resulting violence was so pervasive that some establishments in Ireland have refused to sell stimulant drinks. The entire European community has taken the problem seriously enough to ask the EU's scientific community to examine stimulant sodas and their effect on food and health safety, but no such outcry has been heard in the US. Over the last 30 years a virtual tome of information has been published linking soft drink consumption to a rise in osteoporosis and bone fractures. New evidence has shown an alarming rise in deficiencies of calcium and other minerals and resulting bone fractures in young girls. A 1994 report published in the Journal of Adolescent Health summarizes a small study (76 girls and 51 boys) and points toward an increasing and "strong association between cola beverage consumption and bone fractures in girls." High calcium intake offered some protection. For boys, only low total caloric intake was associated with a higher risk of bone fractures. The study concluded with the following: "The high consumption of carbonated beverages and the declining consumption of milk are of great public health significance for girls and women because of their proneness to osteoporosis in later life."

A larger, cross sectional retrospective study of 460 high school girls was published in Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine in June 2000. The study indicated that cola beverages were "highly associated with bone fractures." In their conclusion the authors warned that, ". . . national concern and alarm about the health impact of carbonated beverage consumption on teenage girls is supported by the findings of this study". The dangers of society's other drinking problem have recently been in the news. Senator Christopher Dodd and Representative George Miller have commissioned a study on the uses and oversight of school vending machines. Pending legislation in the State of Maryland would turn school soda vending machines off during the school day. Senator Patrick Leahy has introduced a bill requiring us the DA to rule within 18 months on banning or limiting the sale of soda and junk food in schools before students have eaten lunch. The soft drink industry has fought back by funding four studies on soft drink consumption at the Georgetown Center for Food and Nutrition Policy. Predictably, these studies found that there was nothing wrong with soft drinks. In fact, researchers said they found a positive relationship between soft drink consumption and exercise. This entire means is that those children participating in sports programs drank more sodas. The National Association of Secondary School Principals (NAASP) says that decisions about soda sales should be made at the local level and not by the federal government. School administrators are caught between demands of a few parents for a saner food policy and the need for more funds in the face of dwindling school budgets.

One good idea comes from the Philippines, a country where malnutrition is an ominous health threat. A recently devised plan there would allow citizens to cash in on the country's "junk food diet" by taxing every liter bottle of carbonated soft drink sold. Now that soft drinks are sold in almost all public and private schools, dentists are noticing a condition in teenagers that used to be found only in the elderly-a complete loss of enamel on the teeth, resulting in yellow teeth. The culprit is phosphoric acid in soft drinks, which causes tooth rot as well as digestive problems and bone loss. Dentists are reporting complete loss of the enamel on the front teeth in teenage boys and girls who habitually drink sodas. Normally the saliva is slightly alkaline, with a pH of about 7.4. When sodas are sipped throughout the day as is often the case with teenagers, the phosphoric acid lowers the pH of the saliva to acidic levels. In order to buffer this acidic saliva, and bring the pH level above 7 again, the body pulls calcium ions from the teeth. The result is a very rapid depletion of the enamel coating on the teeth. When dentists do cosmetic bonding, they first roughen up the enamel with a chemical compound-that chemical is phosphoric acid. Young people who must have all their yellowed front teeth cosmetically bonded have already done part of the dentist's job, by roughening up the tooth surface with phosphoric acid. Recently the National Institutes of Health held a conference on dental decay worldwide. The speakers discussed many possible causes and solutions, but not one mentioned the known effects of phosphoric acid in soft drinks. Foreign Literature 16 Reasons to Stop Drinking Soda

These were reasons why we drink soda and here are 16 powerful reasons to give up soda drinking. Do you know the extent to which drinking carbonated, caffeinated, sugared, or artificially sweetened beverages harms your body? Giving up soft drinks can be one of the best things you can do to improve your health. Soda Is Useless. First of all, there are no nutritionally beneficial components in soft drinks. Soft drinks mostly consist of filtered water and refined sugars. Yet the average American drinks about 57 gallons of soft drinks each year. Weight Gain & Obesity Many people either forget or don't realize how many extra calories they consume in what they drink. Drinking a single 330 ml can a day of sugary drinks translates to more than 1lb of weight gain every month. Several scientific studies have provided experimental evidence that soft drinks are directly related to weight gain. The relationship between soft drink consumption and body weight is so strong that researchers calculate that for each additional soda consumed, the risk of obesity increases 1.6 times. According to the results of high quality study reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages helped reduce body mass index in the heaviest teenagers. Diabetes This is a consequence of #2. Anything that promotes weight gain increases the risk of diabetes. Drinking soda not only contributes to making people fat, but it also stresses the body's ability to process sugar. Some scientists now suspect that the sweet stuff

may help explain why the number of Americans with type 2 diabetes has tripled from 6.6 million in 1980 to 20.8 million today. Rapidly absorbed carbohydrates like high fructose corn syrup put more strain on insulinproducing cells than other foods. When sugar enters the bloodstream quickly, the pancreas has to secrete large amounts of insulin for the body to process it. Some scientists believe that the unceasing demands that a soda habit places on the pancreas may ultimately leave it unable to keep up with the body's need for insulin. Also, insulin itself becomes less effective at processing sugar; both conditions contribute to the risk of developing diabetes. Interestingly, women who consumed a lot of fruit juice--which is high in natural fructose--were not at increased risk of diabetes, leading researchers to speculate that naturally occurring sugars may have different metabolic effects than added sugars. They also speculate that vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals in fruit juices may have a protective effect against weight gain and diabetes, counterbalancing the adverse effects of sugar. Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and Harvard Medical School analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study II, a trial tracking the health of more than 51,000 women. None of the participants had diabetes at the onset of the study in 1991. Over the following 8 years, 741 women were diagnosed with the disease. Researchers found that women who drank one or more sugary drinks a day gained more weight and were 83% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who imbibed less than once a month. Weakened Bones and Risk of Osteoporosis

Frequent consumption of soft drinks may also increase the risk of osteoporosis especially in people who drink soft drinks instead of calcium-rich milk. High soda consumption (particularly cola) in children poses a significant risk factor for impaired calcification of growing bones. In the 1950s, children drank 3 cups of milk for every 1 cup of sugary drinks. Today that ratio is reversed: 3 cups of sugary drinks for every cup of milk. Tellingly, osteoporosis is a major health threat for 44 million Americans. Most experts now say that the real culprit is soda's displacement of milk in the diet, though some scientists believe that the acidity of colas may be weakening bones by promoting the loss of calcium. Dental Caries and Erosion Soda eats up and dissolves the tooth enamel. Researches say that soft drinks are responsible for doubling or tripling the incidence of tooth decay. The acidity can dissolve the mineral content of the enamel, making the teeth weaker, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay. Soda's acidity makes it even worse for teeth than the solid sugar found in candy. Dental experts continue to urge that people drink less soda pop, especially between meals, to prevent tooth decay and dental erosion. Kidney Damage People who down sugary drinks don't feel as full as those who consume the same amount of calories in solid food. This theory was born out by researchers at Purdue University who, in 2000, gave 15 volunteers 450 calories a day of either soda or jelly beans for a month and then switched them for the next month, while monitoring their total calories. The candy eaters

compensated for the extra calories by eating less food and maintained their weight; during the soda phase, the volunteers ate more and gained. There is good evidence that cola beverages can increase the risk of kidney problems, more so than non-cola sodas. Researches clearly demonstrated that large quantities of cola result in enhanced kidney stone formation. If you're wondering exactly how soft drinks cause kidney stones, it's because of their acidity and radical mineral imbalances. Your body must buffer the acidity of soft drinks with calcium from your own bones. As this calcium is eliminated through your urine, it slowly forms kidney stones. In a study published in the journal Epidemiology, the team compared the dietary habits of 465 people with chronic kidney disease and 467 healthy people. After controlling for various factors, the team found that drinking two or more colas a day (whether artificially sweetened or regular) was linked to a twofold risk of chronic kidney disease. Increased Blood Pressure Experts have reasons to believe that overconsumption of fructose, particularly in the form of soft drinks, leads to an increase in blood pressure. Likely To Cause Heartburn Soft drink consumption is a strong predictor of heartburn. Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factor Soft drink consumption is a significant risk factor for developing of metabolic syndrome a combination of the symptoms such as high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance.

Harmful Effects on Liver There is evidence that consumption of too many soft drinks puts you under increased risk for liver cirrhosis similar to what chronic alcoholics have. Impaired Digestive System Soda, no matter who makes it, is the most acidic beverage you can buy, with a pH of about 2.51, about the same as vinegar, but the sugar content disguises the acidity. To put that into perspective, consider that battery acid has a pH of 1 and pure water has a pH level of 7. Interesting fact: A pH below 4 or above 10 will kill most fish and very few animals can tolerate waters with a pH below 3 or above 11. Why does that matter? Throughout the digestive system, that starts from the mouth and ends up at the anus only the stomach can resist an acidic environment up to pH 2.0. But before the acidity of soft drink reaches the stomach it passes through all the other organs involved in the digestive system thus causing an abnormal acidic environment. The linings of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus are highly sensitive to acids. The phosphoric acid present in soft drink competes with the hydrochloric acid of the stomach and affects its functions. When the stomach becomes ineffective, food remains undigested causing indigestion, gassiness or bloating (swelling of stomach). Dehydration Another problem with sodas is that they act as dehydrating diuretics. Both caffeine and sugar cause dehydration. Caffeine is a diuretic and causes an increase in urine volume. High concentration of sugar is drawing off water because your kidneys try to expel the excess sugar out of the

blood. When you drink a caffeinated soda to quench your thirst, you will actually become thirstier. High Caffeine Content Another advantage of avoiding sodas is that you will avoid the unnecessary caffeine. Soda drinks are a major source of caffeine in the American diet. High doses of caffeine can cause irritability, restlessness, tension, insomnia, high blood pressure, gastrointestinal disturbance, excessive urination, irregular heartbeat and other side effects. Toxins - Aspartame If you think diet soda is better think again. The poison in diet soda is an artificial sweetener aspartame. Aspartame is made up of three chemicals: aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol. It is used because it's about 200 times sweeter than table sugar. Despite US FDA approval as a "safe" food additive, aspartame is one of the most dangerous substances added to foods. After you drink an aspartame-sweetened product, aspartame breaks down into its starting components: phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol (that further converts to formaldehyde and formic acid, which are known carcinogens.). There are over 92 different health side effects associated with aspartame consumption. Possible Cell Damage Ability A new health scare erupted over soft drinks recently amid evidence that they may cause serious cell damage. Research from a British university suggests a common

preservative E211, known as sodium benzoate, found in drinks such as Fanta and Pepsi Max has the ability to switch off vital parts of DNA. Sodium benzoate occurs in small amounts naturally in berries, but is used in large quantities to prevent mold in soft drinks. Soda replaces healthier drinks. By drinking soda, you cut the intake of fresh juices, milk, and even water and deprive yourself from essential vitamins and minerals.

Water. Water is the best drink in the world. Tea. Any kind of tea - herbal, green or black - is rich in antioxidants, which were shown to protects the body form many health problems.

100% Juice. Fruit juice can be also useful for flavoring your water and teas.

NOTES
1

Softdrinks: Health hazard By Dr. Philip S. Chua Cebu Daily News

Soft Drinks America. Judith Valentine, PhD, CNA, CNC. Originally published by Weston A. Price Foundation, www.westonaprice.org
3 4

http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/soft-drinks-america.html

Harrington S. The role of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in adolescent obesity. J Sch Nurs. 2008 Feb;24(1):3-12. PubMed
5

Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Osganian SK, Chomitz VR, Ellenbogen SJ, Ludwig DS. Effects of decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on body weight in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):673-80. PubMed
6

Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA. 2004 Aug 25;292(8):927-34. PubMed
7

Montonen J, Ja"rvinen R, Knekt P, Helio"vaara M, Reunanen A. Consumption of sweetened beverages and intakes of fructose and glucose predict type 2 diabetes occurrence. J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6):1447-54.
8

Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Kiel DP. Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;84(4):936-42. PubMed
9

Kristensen M, Jensen M, Kudsk J, Henriksen M, M?lgaard C. Short-term effects on bone turnover of replacing milk with cola beverages. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Dec;16(12):1803-8. PubMed
10

Owens BM, Kitchens M. The erosive potential of soft drinks on enamel surface substrate: an in vitro scanning electron microscopy investigation. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007 Nov 1;8(7):11-20.

CHAPTER 3 Methods and Procedure

This chapter presents the methods and procedures on how the researchers gathered the data. It includes the research design, data gathering procedures, subject of the study, validation of instruments, sampling technique and statistical treatment. Research Method The researchers used the descriptive method as the method research because it utilize survey questionnaire for gathering the data and they believe that they could easily determine the perceptions of the respondents regarding the campaign. According to Calderon, The descriptive method of research is a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, and tabulation of data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, adequate and accurate interpretation of data with the use of statistical method.1 The respondent of the study consists of 60 students who are aware or have knowledge about the said campaign in Centro Escolar University, during the 1st semester SY: 2011. Data Gathering Procedures To obtain the relevant information for the study, the researchers asked the help of those professors who formulated this campaign to gain background about what this campaign is all about. The researchers used the tool questionnaire to gather data therefore; they formulated significant questions based on the perspectives, insights, problems, and objectives of the study.

The questionnaires aimed to know the perceptions and feedbacks of the respondents and the possible effects of the campaign to the 4th year students of HRM. The draft of the questionnaire was presented to the adviser for comments and improvement. The researchers distributed the questionnaires to 4th year HRM students of CEU Manila at random. To avoid confusion, they gave instructions to the respondents regarding the study before filling them up. It was immediately retrieved right after they have finished answering the set of questions. The data were tabulated and analyzed to come up with a reliable interpretation. Subject of the Study The sources of data were taken from the survey made. The researchers had chosen 4th year HRM students of Centro Escolar University, Manila as their subject. There were 60 (sixty) respondents who were given the questionnaire. Validation of Instruments The researchers used the following instruments in gathering the data: 1. Observation The researchers systematically analyze the behavior of the people who participated in the said campaign. They also observed themselves on what changes the campaign brought to them does.

2. Interview

The researchers made an interview to the 4th year HRM students through the help of social networking site Facebook. They followed their objectives to know their perspective, insights, and its impacts on the campaign. 3. Library Technique The researchers sought the help from books or other references available to have a keen sense in the formulation of questions. 4. Questionnaire This is the man instrument that was used in the study. It consists of three parts. Respondents profile, questions related to the event, recommendation and suggestion. Part I. It contains the respondents personal information. It includes their name, gender, age and daily allowance. Part II. It contains the drinking habit of the respondents before the campaign is launched and the changes it brought to the respondents since the campaign started. Part III. It contains questions that could help researchers find if there are any advantages and disadvantages gained in this campaign by the respondents and if they would still want to have this campaign throughout the years. Sampling Technique The researchers will use the convenience sampling technique. In this process, the researchers picked out the people in the most convenient and fastest way to immediately get their reactions to certain questions and topic.

Statistical Treatment In this analysis, the data was treated with respect to the variables that would greatly influence the result of this study. These variables are Age, Gender and Allowance. You should get the following descriptive stat for the variables above: Mean Median Mode Weighted Mean Also, the level of significance used in this study is 0.05.
1. Descriptive statistic such as percentage was used to determine the characteristic

profile of the respondents. The percentage formula is as follows: P=f/N x 100% Where P (%) = percentage F = frequency N= Total number of respondents

Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

The content of this chapter are the answers supported by the facts or data. Findings are first presented, analyzed and interpreted. Presentations of results are in Tables. Analysis will be done quantitatively. Interpretations give more meaning to the results of this study.

Descriptive statistics are used to describe the characteristics of the data collected. The following table presents the summary of the survey data.

Table 1: Type of Beverage Purchased Type Beverage Water Softdrinks Juice Fruit Shake Grand Total Frequenc y 10 35 12 3 60 Percentage 0.166667 0.583333 0.2 0.05 1

Table 1 shows the type of beverages purchased by the respondents from the canteen. Among the choices, about 58% of students select softdrinks while fruit shake has the lower percentage. The price of these drinks may cause the preference of the students.

Table 2: Softdrink Consumption Softdrink Consumption Yes No Grand Total Frequenc y 60 0 60 Percentag e 100% 0 100%

Table 2 gives reason to the result in the previous table. It shows that among the surveyed 4th year HRM students of CEU, all of them drink softdrinks. This may be one of the reasons why the campaign was initiated. The softdrink consumption among students is very high. The means of buying these products can be a factor to know whether or not students were able to follow the campaign launch in the university. With this, the respondents were asked about their allowance information. Different ranges are made so that respondents can better fill in the information. Table 3: Two-way Table of Allowance and Frequency of Softdrink Consumption Allowance Range P500 and above P400-499 P300-399 P200-299 P100-199 P99 and below Grand Total Always 0 (0.00) 2 (0.33) 6 (0.67) 16 (0.73) 16 (0.70) 0 (0.00) 40 (0.67) Sometimes 0 (0.00) 2 (0.33) 1 (0.11) 1 (0.05) 3 (0.13) 0 (0.00) 7 (0.12) Seldom Never 0 0 (0.00) (0.00) 0 2 (0.33) (0.00) 0 2 (0.22) (0.00) 0 5 (0.23) (0.00) 0 4 (0.17) (0.00) 0 0 (0.00) (0.00) 13 0 (0.22) (0.00) Total 0 (0.00) 6 (0.10) 9 (0.15) 22 (0.37) 23 (0.38) 0 (0.00) 60 (1.00)

Table 3 shows distribution of the respondents based on the allowance and their softdrinks consumption.The highest percentage of students in all allowance range says that they always drink softdrinks. Moreover, the student under the allowance range of P100-199 and P200-299 has the highest percentage of softdrinks consumption.

Table 4: One-Way Table of Softdrink Consumption outside the University Softdrink Consumption Outside the University Yes No Sometimes Grand Total Frequency 49 0 11 60

The effectiveness of the campaign can be achieved if the student were able to apply the lessons learned from the Universitys campaign even outside the university. To check this, the respondents were ask whether they still but softdrinks outside the university. As seen on Table 4, more than 80% of the respondents still buys softdrinks outside the university. Moreover, none of these students avoid buying softdrinks outside the university. Table 5: Two way table of Gender and Softdrink Consumption Outside the University Soft Drink Consumption During Gender Female Male Total Yes 36 (0.8) 13 (0.87) 49 (0.82) Campaign No Sometimes 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (0.2) 2 (0.13) 11 (0.18) Total 45 (0.75) 15 (0.25) 60

On Table 5, the frequencies are presented on the table with the corresponding percentages in the parentheses. As presented on this table, it is observed that the softdrink consumption of males and females outside the university since the campaign started is not significantly different from each other. This result shows that the gender is

not significant factor to determine whether or not a student will follow the campaign even outside the university. Table 6: One-way Table of the Type of Beverage Bought in the University Type of Beverage Bought Water Fruit Shake Juice Chocolate Drink Grand Total Frequenc y 60 0 0 0 60 Percentag e 100% 0 0 0 100%

Among the available drinks in the canteen, all students preferred buying water since the campaign was launched. Given that water is the healthiest among the available drinks, this is a good sign for the campaign makers. Table 7: Summary of the Response on Personality Development
Awareness Campaign Oriented Alertness

Rating Poor Fair Good Superior Excellent Grand Total

Frequency 0 1 6 4 49 60

Percentage 0.0000 0.0167 0.1000 0.0667 0.8167 1.0000

Frequency 1 38 17 4 0 60

Percentage 0.0167 0.6333 0.2833 0.0667 0.0000 1

Frequency 0 1 0 2 57 60

Percentage 0.0000 0.0167 0.0000 0.0333 0.9500 1.0000

As presented on Table 7, it is safe to conclude that the campaign was properly lauched among the 4th year student of HRM in CEU. Most of the student says that they have excellent awareness and participation on the said campaign. However, the ranking for being campaign oriented is just fair. Table 8: Summary of Response onSense of Responsibility Initiative Frequen Percenta Rating Poor Fair Good Superior Excellent Grand Total cy 0 1 1 49 9 60 ge 0.0000 0.0167 0.0167 0.8167 0.1500 1.0000 Environmental Frequen Percenta cy 0 0 3 52 5 60 ge 0.0000 0.0000 0.0500 0.8667 0.0833 1.0000

The sense of responsibility is greatly understood by the respondents. A superior rating has the highest percentage for both Initiative and Environmental Awareness. Table 9: Summary of Response onHealth Health Problems Caused by Softdrinks Benefits of Softdrinks Frequen Percenta Frequen Percenta Rating Poor cy 0 ge 0.0000 cy 5 ge 0.0833 Bad Effects Of Softdrinks Frequen Percenta cy 0 ge 0.0000

Fair Good Superior Excellent Grand Total

3 8 49 0 60

0.0500 0.1333 0.8167 0.0000 1

45 8 2 0 60

0.7500 0.1333 0.0333 0.0000 1.0000

0 5 32 23 60

0.0000 0.0833 0.5333 0.3833 1.0000

Table 10: Continuation Knowledge About Softdrinks Percentag Poor Fair Good Superior Excellent Grand Total Frequency 0 8 50 2 0 60 e 0.0000 0.1333 0.8333 0.0333 0.0000 1 Softdrink Contents Frequenc Percentag y 7 22 23 6 2 60 e 0.1167 0.3667 0.3833 0.1000 0.0333 1.0000 Improvement Frequenc Percentag y 5 13 42 0 0 60 e 0.0833 0.2167 0.7000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000

Table 10 shows the responses of students on the effects of softdrinks on their health. Table 11: Summary of Response on Budget

Frequency of Softdrink Purchase

Allot Budget For Softdrinks

Softdrink Affect Budget

Lessen Expense

Rating Poor

Frequency 0

Percentage 0.0000

Frequency 49

Percentage 0.8167

Frequency 1

Percentage 0.0167

Frequency 36

Percentage 0.6000

Fair Good Superior Excellent Grand Total

2 5 34 19 60

0.0333 0.0833 0.5667 0.3167 1.0000

7 4 0 0 60

0.1167 0.0667 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000

10 43 6 0 60

0.1667 0.7167 0.1000 0.0000 1.0000

15 9 0 0 60

0.2500 0.1500 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000

The result presented on Table 11 shows the effects of budget on the sofdrink consumption among students. Excellent to superior rating was given the highest percentage on the frequency of purchase of softdrinks. Hence, most of this students buys softdrinks often. However, these students do not allot money to purchase these products. The reason for this maybe because softdrinks do not significantly affect the budget of the students, as shown on the 4th column. Lastly, the students gave a poor rating on the effectiveness of the campaign to lessen their expenses. Softdrinks can be purchased at a very low and reasonable price. Hence, it does not significantly affect the financial expenses of students.

Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings This study is concerned on the effects of No-soft drinks every Monday campaign among 4th year, HRM students of CEU. Specifically, it deals with the following problems: 1. What is the profile of respondents with respect to their demographic factors as to: age, gender and daily allowances. 2. What is the most purchased beverage before the implementation of the campaign?
3. How often does the respodents drink softdrinks?

4. What are the impacts of this campaign to HRM students in terms of: 4.1Personality Development 1.2 Sense of responsibility 1.3 Health 1.4 Budget

Conclusion In view of the aforementioned findings, the succeeding conclusions were drawn: 1. The profiles of the respondents with respect to demographic factors are as follows:

a) There are range ages of 19-23 b) There are more female than male. c.) The respondents have different quantity of daily allowance given them by their parents. 2. The price of these drinks may cause the preference of the students. 3. The softdrink consumption among students is very high. 4. The student under the allowance range of P100-199 and P200-299 has the highest percentage of softdrinks consumption. 5. None of these students avoid buying softdrinks outside the university. 6. Gender is not significant factor to determine whether or not a student will follow the campaign even outside the university. 7. Given that water is the healthiest among the available drinks, this is a good sign for the campaign makers.

APPENDIX A

Dear Sir/Madam:

We, the graduating student of Centro Escolar University Mendiola, Manila are currently conducting a research on, THE EFFECTS OF NO SOFT DRINKS EVERY MONDAY CAMPAIGN AMONG 4TH YEAR HRM STUDENTS OF CEU MANILA, SY: 2011. This is the fulfillment of the requirement in the subject HRM16 RESEARCH. Best assured that we would treat all with restrict and confidentiality.

The Researchers

Sample of Questionnaire I. Name (Optional): _______________________ Age: _____ Gender: ___Male ___Female Allowance per day:

( ) P500 above ( ) P400-P499 ( ) P300 P399 ( ) P200-P299 ( ) P100-P199 ( ) P99 below II. 1. Do you drink soft drinks? ( ) Yes ( ) No 2. What beverage do you buy in the canteen most often? ) Water ) Soft drinks ) Juice ) Fruit shake ) others: __________ 3. How often do you drink soft drinks? ) Always ) Sometimes ) Seldom ) Never

( ( ( ( (

( ( ( (

4. Do you still drink soft drinks outside CEU since the campaign started? ( ) Yes ( ) No ( ) Sometimes
5. What beverage do you buy in the canteen since the campain started? ) Water ) Fruit shake ) Juice ) others: __________

( ( ( ( III.

1. Personality Development

5 Excellent

4 Superior

3 Good

2 Fair

1 Poor

1.1 Awareness 1.2 Campaign oriented 1.3 Alertness (participation) 1. Sense of Responsibility 2.1 Initiative/Willingness (Participating in the campaign) 2.2 Environmental awareness 5 2. Health Yes 4 Undoubt ly 3 Fair 2 Doubtly 1 No

3.1. Do you feel any health problems due to soft drinks consumption?

3.2. Do you know any benefits could soft drinks contribute to your health?

3.3. Are you aware of the disease or illnesses soft drinks may give you?

3.4. Do you know the contents of energy soft drinks you take?

3.5. Do you think those contents are needed by your body?

3.6. Do you feel any improvement in your system since the campaign started?

5 3. Budget 4.1. How often do you buy soft drink? Always

4 Often

3 Sometim es

2 Seldom

1 Never

4.2. Do you allot budget for soft drinks?

4.3. Does drinking of soft drinks affect your daily budget? 4.4. Does this campaign help you lessen your expenses?