5.

RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION

Based on the resettlement schemes proposed by each affected village and present policies, laws and regulations of different levels of governments and the resettlement requirements of ADB, the Resettlement Plan of Yalu Expressway Project was prepared by EA with the assistance of the PPTA consulting team, SPDI and local county and township governments.

5.1.
5.1.1

Target and Task

Resettlement Target

The overall objective of resettlement and rehabilitation is to ensure that the affected production base will be restored, the affected labor force will be re-employed, and income and livelihood of affected people will be improved or at least restored to their previous levels before resettlement. At present, the rural population of project impact area is mainly engaged in agricultural actives, with most of their income coming from planting, economic trees and animal husbandry (refer to Table 2-11). According to the actual production and living standard among affected villages, and the approved economic and social development plans for the relevant counties, the target of resettlement and rehabilitation is set as follows: (1) As much as possible the resettlers grain production level will be self-sufficient after resettlement. (2) The income per capita shall be recovered to the standard before resettlement. (3) The affected public infrastructures, school, hospitals, social welfare level, natural environment and traffic condition etc. shall be improved after resettlement. 5.1.2. Resettlement Task

In 2005, there were 5,711 households with 20,237 persons to be resettled or rehabilitated, in which 790 households and 2,634 persons will need house relocation.

5.2 Resettlement Guideline and Principle

5.2.1. Resettlement Guideline

The basic resettlement policy of Yalu Expressway Project is to respect the wishes of affected people and maintain their current production and living traditions. Based on consultation of local affected peoples, the economic rehabilitation will be based on developing replaced farming resources within their own townships and villages. Planting will be the focus of economic rehabilitation strategy by developing new farmland and improving the remaining farmland in the affected villages, and supplemented by developing various other income generation opportunities in the project areas. In other words, the resettlement and rehabilitation strategy will first to reestablish the physical production bases for the affected persons, which will provide a long-term development potential by fully utilizing local land resources.

49

5.2.2.

Resettlement Principle

Under such policy, a number of resettlement and rehabilitation principles have been developed for the Project: (1) The resettlement plan will be based on detailed inventory for land acquisition and houses demolition, and adopted compensation standards and subsidies. (2) The resettlement shall be combined with the local development, resource utilization and economic growth as well as environment protection. Considering the local conditions, a practical and feasible resettlement plan should be developed to restore or improve their economic production and create basic conditions for long-term development. (3) The resettlement plan should be based on the principle Beneficial to the production and convenient for living. (4) The re-construction standard and scale shall be based with the principle of recovery to the original standard and original scale. Combining the local development, the cost for enlarging the scale, raising standard and future plan shall be solved independently by local government and relevant department. (5) Making overall plans and taking all factors into consideration, correctly handling the relations between the state, collective and individual. (6) Fully utilize local natural resource, build water conservancy facility, develop new farmland, improve land quality, and strengthen agricultural strength and make the resettler' living standard reach or exceed the original level step by step. (7) Resettlement Plan will include measures to improve basic livelihood and assist relocation and rehabilitation for those vulnerable persons and extremely poor individuals affected by the Project.

5.3 Lessons Learned from Xipan Expressway Resettlement

Major lessons learned from Xipan Expressway Resettlem can be summarized as follows: During resettlement planning, implementation and monitoring stages, APs should be encouraged to participate and mobilize their initiative on resettlement and income rehabiliation; Compensation should be adequate, and preferably equal standards for the whole alignment (or at least in each county) in order to keep the smooth operation during land acquisition and resettlement. Local governments coordination is essential; so the coordination costs or subsidies for local township and village/group leaders should be clearly allocated. Training for vulnerable groups should be maintained and should not be reduced by auditing authorities. Land redistribution, as was proposed in the consultation stage particularly by villagers, seems not a feasible option. All these factors have been considered in this project in order to formulate a more effective and practical RP.

5.4 Overall Scheme of Resettlement

Since the construction of Yalu Expressway Project will only acquire limited land acquisition and demolition along the road alignment line, it will not have significant negative impacts on production and livelihood for most affected villages. A series of consultation meetings were held among affected

50

villages and townships. According to the resettler's opinion and suggestion, and combined with the actual condition of affected area, the basic rehabilitation scheme will be determined as follows: (1) Project affected persons will be resettled within their original villages and village groups, so that their way of production, living and social relationship can be maintained, which will be beneficial for them to restore or improve their production and income level after resettlement. In order to reduce the impacts on the production and livelihood among resettlers, the demolished houses will be dismantled after the new houses built. The reconstruction of houses will adopt two approaches. For most relocated households, they will choose to rebuild their houses by themselves, and all salvage materials will belong to them. The second approach is for those who live near towns, their rehabilitation will be carried out by local government in order to promote small town development and save farmland. The rural relocated households will be resettled in their original villages. For those who lose some farmland, the land-based rehabilitation will be adopted with a combination of developing new farmland, redistributing remaining farmland and receiving their share of resettlement subsidy among affected village groups.

(2)

(3)

5.5 Resettlement Carrying Capacity Analysis

5.5.1 Natural Condition and Land Resource

Since the project affected population will be resettled in its original villages, an analysis of the natural conditions and resources for carrying capacity should be conducted. However, due to lack of actual data on land acquisition, the resettlement planning team has concentrated such analysis on identifying basic land holding and possibilities for land readjustment as well as land development. Through collecting local social and economic data for all affected villages, and conducting social economic survey for 38 key affected villages, the resettlement planning team has obtained basic demographic profiles and agricultural production conditions among these villages and identified possibilities for economic rehabilitation, including farmland readjustment. Among total affected villages (93), 68 villages or 73 percent have per capita farmland below 1 mu. Among them, 22 villages or 24 percent of total have their per capita farmland below 0.5 mu. Of these 22 villages, 12 of them are located in Shimian County; 5 of them in Hanyuan, 3 of them in Yingjing, and 1 each for Yucheng and Mianning Counties. Among 25 villages with per capita farmland above 1mu, 10 of them are from Mianning County, 7 of them from Yingjing County, 5 of them from Hanyuan County, 3 of them from Shimian County, and non of them from Yucheng County. Even with such relative small land holding, for most affected villages, since the amount of land loss will be relatively small, the land acquisition will not cause serious impacts among these villages. According to local farmers, such amount of land loss will not result in any significant change of their livelihood. On the contrary, the amount of compensation received will allow them to more actively engage in various non-farm activities and open up new opportunities. To facilitate such transformation, following the new provincial policy on land acquisition, relatively generous compensation rates will be proposed. They include Y32,000 per mu for irrigated land and

51

Y20,000 per mu for dryland. Among these, a larger portion will be delivered to the affected individuals with relatively small portion to be kept in affected village groups to be used for various public welfare and community services. 5.5.2 Basic Characteristics of Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Since most affected people have formed their unique production tradition and social networks through many generations, in order to avoid changing such custom, and maintaining same farming distance, all affected villagers will be resettled within their existing villages in the resettlement plan. Most affected people in rural areas will still remain in agricultural sector. Through improving irrigation and farming conditions, restructuring planting pattern, it is hoped that their agricultural income could be maintained or even improved even with loss of limited farmland. In addition, during the construction of the Yalu Expressway, the affected people will be given priority to be employed as low skill labors in the construction site in order to meet the needs of the employment and daily consumption, which could also bring cash income for most affected people. After completion of the Project, the expressway will increase trade and promote regional development. Therefore, in terms of economic rehabilitation, the resettlement plan will encourage the affected people and local officials to develop various nonfarm activities and increase their income. In addition, among 93 affected villages, 67 of them contain Yi nationalities, with 38 of them having more than 10 percent of minority population. They live relatively concentrated in the same villages or village groups, and have some special traditions in terms of religion, festival, and housing styles. Yi people have lived together with Han nationality peacefully for a long time and their relationship is harmonious. In order to avoid any disruption of their customs and social network not increase distance to farm their field, all affected persons will be relocated or rehabilitated within their same communities. 5.5.3 Basic Infrastructure Conditions for Production and Living

(1) Traffic The construction of Yalu Expressway will affect the existing traffic patterns so a corresponding engineer measures have been considered by the designers to minimize such impacts, which include: building pedestrian overpasses or underpasses near the main road of the villages, schools, hospitals and other crowded areas in order to ensure safety for people and animals. In addition, in order to promote development of the local economy, about 520 km of rural county to township and township to village roads will be upgraded, which will benefit lare number of people in the project areas. So the construction of Project will not only improve the travel of the local resident, enhance the circulation of freight and personnel, and accelerate the development of local economy, but also improve the living environment and the infrastructures of local resettlers after resettlement. The changed traffic conditions will enhance the development of the resettlement area. (2) Water Supplies Most of Yalu Expressway is located in the mountain areas of central Sichuan Province. The rural residents are mainly using the water from mountain spring or the wells, which is quite convenient. Some sections of alignment will pass through river valleys with well developed irrigation system. Therefore during the construction of Yalu Expressway, efforts will be made to avoid disruption of key canals and irrigation system for the affected villagers. For small number of irrigation canals that could

52

not be avoided, the Project will be responsible to relocate and restore them before construction, so that their irrigation will not be interrupted. (3) Electric Power Supply All electric power supply facilities affected by the project will be re-constructed based on the original function and scale before the expressway construction, so the electric power supply condition of the residents will not be affected. (4) Medical and Educational Facilities Yalu Expressway Project will not directly affect any medical, educational or any other social service facilities. These facilities in affected townships and villages could still be used. For facilities near the expressway, access paths will be constructed by the Project to ensure that no any inconvenience will be created for the affected people. (5) Fuel Supplies The main fuel supply of the local residents is coal and firewood collected from the nearby hills. For the affected villages, the acquired land areas will account for a small portion of hills or woodland, it will not affect the fuel supply of residents along the alignment. 5.5.4 Economic Development Potential of the Affected Area

The rural economy in the project area mainly relies on planting except for migrant labors. The general economic condition is relatively low. However, the area has unique climate conditions and is considered as great potential for developing early season vegetables, fruits, animal husbandry and tourist activities. In future, with improvement of transportation condition, the resource advantage of local areas should be fully utilized. According to local conditions, various income generation opportunities should be developed by increasing input of science and improving production technical level of the masses in order to promote overall development of agriculture, forestry, sideline activities, as well as industrial, trade and transportation. 5.5.5 Environmental Concerns

Environment assessment may be required for new relocation sites, especially if large sites are to be developed or if people are resettled to host village. For the Yalu Expressway, this will not be a concern because no new farmland will be created and new housing plots will be provided within the existing village or group. Since the affected housing is scattered, few if any group relocation sites are needed, so the impact on the environment will not be significant.

5.6 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan

5.6.1 Production Rehabilitation Plan

During the impact survey and the resettlement planning, consultation meetings have been held by the

53

resettlement planning team of SPCD and PPTA consultants in the relevant counties, townships, administrative villages, and villager groups. The participants included officials from different levels of local government, village leaders and representatives of affected persons. Based on these consultations, indicative resettlement and rehabilitation approaches have been identified for project affected villages. 5.6.1.1 Land Adjustment and Production Development Plan

The impacts of land acquisition for the project on affected villages or village groups are different. Therefore, the rehabilitation plans should be based on degree of such impacts, the availability of remaining land resources, and desires of affected persons from village to village. After extensive consultation with affected villages and individuals during social economic survey, two different approaches for economic rehabilitation could be identified. One is to pay compensation directly to those affected individuals through affected villages or village groups based on compensation rates adopted by the government, and amount of farmland losses. It seems most villagers interviewed seem to prefer this option. This approach will be appropriate if most of affected households will still have sufficient amount of farmland remaining and well developed non-farm income sources, which will ensure their basic grain consumption on the one hand, and additional funds for expansion to other non-land based incomes on the other. To summarize, the compensation funds received could be used to develop other land based or non-land based income generation activities, such as economic crops, animal husbandry and other sideline activities. The second approach is to have farmland readjustment within affected village groups, so that all affected people will have sufficient farmland for their own grain production. Among 5 counties, only Hanyuan County expressed desire to adopt such option. The on-going resettlement preparation and implementation for Pubugou Hydropower Plant made it easier for Hanyuan County to accept such approach. Along with land readjustment, the compensations (land compensation and resettlement subsidy) will be delivered to affected village groups to be used for developing new farmland, improving irrigation conditions or engaging in non-farm activities. This approach will ensure that each village member will still have sufficient farmland remaining after land acquisition and land compensation funds will be managed and used collectively by the affected collectives. The Land Law includes specific procedures for land transfer, which is managed by local government and the village collectives. Land compensation is estimated based on AAOV, not the remaining years on the contract. People who lose land can apply to get replacement land, either from reserve land or by readjusting the existing contracted land. In many places, farmers do not wish to readjust the existing contracts, so this option may be rejected. In most cases, affected people prefer cash compensation. 5.6.1.2 Other Insurance Measures for Economic Rehabilitation

In order to ensure that PAPs will restore production and living standard as soon as possible, the following measures will be adopted: a) During the construction of Yalu Expressway Project, priority will be given for engagement of project affected people and communities in providing unskilled laborers and local construction materials, which could generate significant amount of cash income for the affected people. The project affected people will be given priority if there are any labor export opportunities for the project district and counties.

b)

54

c) d)

For developed new farmland, agricultural tax and grain supply requirements will be waived for three years. In order to facilitate economic rehabilitation for the affected people, a range of training will be provided by the Project. They include both agriculture technical training and non-farm skill training. The agricultural technical training will be delivered by county agricultural bureau, animal husbandry bureau, poverty alleviation office or local office All Chinese Women Federation (ACWF), which include introducing new economic crops, new planting techniques, new animal husbandry activities, and other land based activities. Relevant personnel from county agriculture technical station will be invited to provide training on farming and cultivation in resettlement areas. Through all these measures, the quality and output of crops as well as number of animals will be raised, which will increase income and revenue for the affected persons. For non-agricultural training, they will cover various skill training for local sideline employment and migrant labors. It is planned that for each affected household, at least three times of training will be provided, covering both farm based and non-farm based skills. This training would be funded by the project and delivered by local county agencies, such as agricultural bureaus, labor bureau, ACWF, and others. House Relocation Plan House Plot Selection and Standard

5.6.2 5.6.2.1

In general, the house demolition and relocation is relatively small for the Project. With a total of 790 relocated households scattered among 93 villages, on average, there are only 8 relocated households in each affected village. Depending on the final survey result, some villages located at interchanges or along the alignment could have more than 20 relocated households. All relocated households can easily be resettled within their original villages or groups. According to the impact and the actual conditions in each village, the affected households will be relocated along existing roads or on some wasteland in their original group. The concerned villages and townships will provide assistance in approving and selecting housing plots for these villages. For some households that primarly engage in non-agricultural activities, such as businessmen with little remaining farmland, they are rich enough and will have an option to relocate to nearby urban centers, inaccordance with the Government policy for micro-urbanization. Such households would be eligible for urban registration and could acquire apartment housing and related social services. They will receive adequate compensation; any additional costs would be borne by the affected household. 5.6.2.2 Land Leveling and Facilities Connection Plan

(1) Land Leveling Since house reconstruction will be carried out in a scattered manner, relatively level land will be selected in each village group where geological conditions are suitable. After leveling, new houses could be built. For isolated relocated households, there is no need to have organized site development, and new plot leveling work will be carried out by the resettlers themselves. For those villages with relatively large number of relocated households (more than 20 households), local county and township governments will provide assistance in coordinating and developing new housing plots collectively along with required infrastructure facilities. To facilitate the process of obtaining suitable housing site and providing necessary site preparation, the compensation for housing plot will be set equal to that for irrigated land.

55

(2) Facilities Connection To assist the relocated households to prepare housing plot and connecting facilities, site leveling and service connection for each relocated household will be provided by contractors and supervised by the Project supervision company, up to the satisfaction examination by IA and environmental agencies before relocation. (i) Water supply According to the existing condition of the resettlers, new water supply facilities will be built to use the mountain spring, or new wells will be built by resettlers themselves. (ii) Electric power supply Every relocated household will be connected with existing 220V electrical line. (iii) Access road Because the new house plot will be located near the existing road or residential plots, generally, no new access road will need to be constructed. For those resettlers who are currently living in remote mountain areas, the relocation will enable them to move to more accessible locations. (iv) Broadcasting and television Existing broadcasting utilities in resettlement areas will be used. Television receiving equipment of resettlers can be reinstalled in resettlement areas or use television receiving equipment in resettlement areas. (v) Hospitals and schools In general, all affected households will be relocated near relatively large village settlements. After relocation, the resettlers can use the existing facilities of school and hospital/clinics, which will be more convenient than they used to. 5.6.2.3 New House Construction

For house construction, local customs, agricultural requirements and future development needs should be taken into consideration. House construction will be carried out according to the wishes of resettlers. Compensation based on replacement value and amount of demolished spaces will be provided directly to the affected households along with various transfer and rehabilitation assistances. Installment payment of compensation will be managed by the local resettlement offices according to material preparation and house construction schedule. During the new house construction period, a one time transfer allowance will be provided based on Y500 per household, and one time moving allowance will be provided to relocated household based on Y500 per household. 5.6.3 Economic Rehabilitation Plans for Key Villages

During the process of social economic survey, the resettlement planning team visited 38 key villages in order to identify potential land acquisition and resettlement impacts among affected village groups and develop appropriate economic rehabilitation plans based on extensive consultation in the affected villages. For each surveyed village, the planning team first held discussions with village officials and representatives in order to identify potential land acquisition and resettlement impacts among village groups. With no markers on the ground and no large scale alignment map, such identification was mainly carried out by identifying those relocated households, general alignment of proposed Yalu

56

Expressway Project, and average width of the alignment. Therefore the result of impact survey among affected groups is just rough estimate, which is used as the basis for carrying out consultation and discussions on economic rehabilitation. Based on such impact survey, for 38 sample affected villages, there are 153 village groups to be affected by land acquisition and resettlement, accounting for 62 percent of total village groups in these villages. Table 5-1 provides a basic social economic profile of these 38 sample villages. As one can see, there are 17,967 households and 62,950 persons in these 38 villages. About 94 percent or 59,167 persons have agricultural status. The average family size is 3.5 persons. Among them, 11,547 persons or 18.3 percent are Yi minorities. Most of them are concentrated in Shimian and Mianning counties with over 94 percent of Yi households and population. In addition, there are 813 extreme poor or economic vulnerable families in these 38 villages, accounting for 4.5 percent of total households. In terms of land holding, there are 56,012 mu of farmland in these 38 villages with 41.4 percent as paddy, 58.6 percent as dryland. The average per capita farmland among these 38 villages is close to 1 mu (0.95 mu), ranging from only 0.72 mu in Shimian to 1.39 mu in Hanyuan County. Among these 38 villages, 22 of them or 58 percent have per capita farmland below 1 mu. Most of them do not have any farmland readjustment since early 1980s. As a result, about one quarter of population do not have their share of farmland. They have to rely on the available farmland from their families. This makes it quite difficult to carry out any significant land readjustment in these affected villages. Based on preliminary consultation and suggested alignment in feasibility study, it seems that the project would affect 152 village groups or 53 percent of total village groups in these 38 villages. There are 12,531 households and 43,077 persons in these 152 village groups. The total farmland is 38,922 mu, averaging 0.9 mu person. Given the estimated farmland loss of 7,338 mu among these 38 villages, it would represent loss of 19 percent of farmland in these villages. If such loss is equally shared by all village group members, then, every household would loss about 0.6 mu of farmland or 0.17 mu per person. However, If such loss is concentrated among one third of total households in these village groups (4,177 households), then each household would lose about 1.76 mu of farmland, which could be quite significant loss for the affected households. Given the prospect of such a large potential loss and the relative difficulty of carrying out land comprehensive readjustment among village groups, one basic rehabilitation strategy is to provide generous compensations following the provincial new regulations. It is hoped that with relatively high compensation rates, the affected households could use such funds to engage in various income generation activities, such as animal husbandry, economic trees, and non-farm activities. For most affected people, this approach will ensure all compensations and entitlements could be delivered to them with no deduction or delays. After consultation with affected villages and individuals, this approach is widely accepted as the main approach for economic rehabilitation for land loss village groups. 5.6.4 Households Facing Income Restoration Hardships

For about 20 to 30% of affected households, the loss of land and income will be significant, ranging for 10 to 50% of their income. For this group6, there will be a mixture of high, medium and low-income

The group of households at risk will be identified during the detailed measurement survey using the following criteria: (i) cultivated land loss and/or orchard loss is greater than 20%; (ii) poverty and low-income households; (iii) more than 50% of income from farming; (iv) households that face heavy debt burden prior to the Project; and (v) lack of higher education or experience in sideline business.

57

households. If we assume that 20% are low-income, this means that 4 to 6% of affected households could be at risk (i.e., will face difficulties to restore their incomes if only cash compensation is provided). For these households at risk, the following measures will be taken: (i) if the AP prefers, an equal amount and quality of replacement land will be provided, either from reserve land or voluntary land adjustment; (ii) if the AP prepfers to start a sideline business, local officials will provide advice and support to identify feasible activities and invest the compensation wisely; (iii) in special circumstances, the local government or village collective will assist to arrange micro-credit through the Poverty Reduction Office and/or the ACWF. (iv) two household members will receive skills training (farm or non-farm), of which at least one person must be female; and (v) these households will be monitored closely and supported to ensure their income restoration is timely and sustainable. For example, households without able labors to earn non-farm income would face hardships. The cash compensation might not be sufficient for them to restore income and livelihood. For this group of people, it might be necessary to provide them replacement farmland through special arrangement made by affected villages and village groups. Actually, with compensation rates of Y32,000 per mu for paddy and Y20,000 per mu for dryland, it will be possible for these farmers to lease or even purchase replacement farmland from fellow villagers. The households at risk will be identified during the detailed measurement survey using the following criteria: (i) cultivated land loss and/or orchard loss is greater than 20%; (ii) poverty and low-income households; (iii) more than 50% of income from farming; (iv) households that face heavy debt burden prior to the Project; and (v) lack of higher education or experience in sideline business. Special entitlements will be negotiated and provided at that time.

58

Table 5-1 Basic Socio-Economic Conditions of 38 Sample Villages

Total Household 414 596 268 420 786 372 456 851 471 733 97 450 240 370 707 618 600 320 1,260 178 230 110 197 316 723 338 173 258 352 336 586 499 558 411 420 572 1,025 Total Population 1,417 2,003 880 1,358 2,346 1,192 1,157 2,031 1,479 1,895 362 1,400 865 1,001 2,017 2,079 2,067 1,400 3,640 678 836 425 686 1,003 2,045 1,233 778 1,180 1,542 1,436 2,680 1,766 2,487 1,835 2,100 2,983 4,015 Percent of Yi Minority 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 0.0% 9.0% 3.3% 2.5% 0.0% 8.6% 7.6% 97.9% 97.0% 100.0% 52.2% 34.9% 9.8% 17.8% 93.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.8% 1.5% 4.4% 0.1% 0.0% 1.9% Percent of Poor 0.0% 5.2% 0.7% 3.6% 0.8% 4.8% 3.5% 2.0% 1.1% 2.7% 2.1% 3.6% 1.7% 4.3% 2.1% 2.6% 1.7% 4.1% 2.4% 4.5% 0.0% 4.5% 5.1% 3.8% 27.7% 1.8% 4.6% 3.9% 29.8% 1.5% 20.5% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 2.4% 3.5% 2.4% Total Farmland (mu) 1028 1480 1260 1000 2124 1188 1794 1238 1225 1338 912 2135 1374 871 874 783 1203 2900 5100 838 971 1600 152 316 560 559 1414 1250 2040 1878 3500 2062 1140 1359 2600 2421 1488 Per Capita Farmland (mu) 0.73 0.74 1.43 0.74 0.91 1.00 1.55 0.61 0.83 0.71 2.52 1.53 1.59 0.87 0.43 0.38 0.58 2.07 1.40 1.24 1.16 3.76 0.22 0.32 0.27 0.45 1.82 1.06 1.32 1.31 1.31 1.17 0.46 0.74 1.24 0.81 0.37 Percent of Paddy land (%) 64.3% 76.4% 33.8% 54.6% 55.7% 42.1% 17.4% 68.0% 73.9% 64.9% 39.7% 38.9% 11.6% 24.9% 75.6% 69.9% 81.0% 13.8% 45.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 27.6% 69.0% 26.8% 57.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 76.6% 85.4% 71.7% 38.5% 76.6% 73.9%

County 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Yucheng Yucheng Yucheng Yucheng Yucheng Yingjing Yingjing Yingjing Yingjing Yingjing Yingjing Yingjing Hanyuan Hanyuan Hanyuan Hanyuan Hanyuan Hanyuan Hanyuan Shimian Shimian Shimian Shimian Shimian Shimian Shimian Mianning Mianning Mianning Mianning Mianning Mianning Mianning Mianning Mianning Mianning

Township Duiyan Duiyan Guanhua Babu Babu Qinglong Qinglong Qinglong Fucheng Yanzhu Huangyi Huangyi Jiuxiang Jiuxiang Tangjia Tangjia Fuchun Shirong Qingfu Liziping Liziping Liziping Chaluoyi Chaluoyi Xinmian Xinmian Tuowu Tuowu Yihai Yihai Caogu Linli Fuxing Shilong Shilong Lugu

Village Duiyan Hulu Guanhua Fengmu Zishi Fuxing Shaheba Guihua Yanxigou Lianhua Yuquan Wangnian Houshan Shannian Xinchang Xiaoguan Fuyuan Gonghe Fuxian Yuangen Liziping Menghuo Nanya Fulong Yanzi Shunhe Tuowu Luba Yihai Dayanjing Chiyang Xianchao Fengshou Batu Gaoxian Shuangqiao Wuyi

Mianning Chengxiang

59

38

Mianning Total

Lugu

Wangjiashi

656 17,967

2,653 62,950

3.0% 18.3%

1.4% 4.5%

1282 57258

0.48 0.91

81.2% 40.5%

5.7

Management of Resettlement Administration

Since the affected households will be resettled locally and economic rehabilitation will be carried out within the affected village groups, the administrative structure will remain the same. For those villages adopting land readjustment, after new land development (reclamation or upgrading) and redistribution, the remaining land compensation will be managed by the village groups or shared equally among all members of the village groups. All facilities constructed by using the land compensation will also benefit all the villagers. For those villages where compensation will be paid directly to affected individuals, affected persons will be given advice by local township and villages on how to spend such compensations and identify income generation activities. In addition, in order to further raise the comprehensive quality of resettlers, strengthen their labor skill, and increase their knowledge on agricultural planting and animal husbandry, the Resettlement Office will organize farming technique training with relevant county or city and provide on on-site advice free of charge.

5.8

Gender Considerations

In China, womens rights and interests are protected through the Protection Law for Women and Children of the Peoples Republic of China. Whether they live in rural areas or in urban areas, women have the same rights with men, i.e., there should not be any discrimination to women, and their rights and interests shall not be deprived. The All China Womens Federation has its branches over all the townships and most of the administrative villages. Amongst others, one of its principle objectives is to reduce discrimination towards women. In the process of resettlement and rehabilitation, including selection of new housing sites and finalization of rehabilitation scheme, women villagers options should be fully considered. To achieve this objective, village women union representative should organize separate consultation meeting among affected women villagers so that their concerns and expectations could fully reflected. Low levels of training and education among women limit the choice of alternatives. Choices for exploring alternative income generation options for women are limited because of their low levels of skills, education, and exposure. Planning for occupational and livelihood options for women is crucial. To facilitate restoration of income and livelihood by affected people, extensive training program has been proposed under the Project, which will provide up to 3 training opportunities for each affected household. The training will include both agricultural technical training and non-farm skill training. (see section 5.5.1.2.) Efforts will be made to ensure at least 40-60 percent training opportunities are provided for affected women villagers based on the local situation. This training can be incorporated into local farmer training programs, and local Womens Federation and Labor and Employment Bureau can assist to formulate and deliver training programes. This can be a condition when SPCD signs the resettlement and financing contract with local government. In addition to the Chinese legal requirementthat women will be eligible for entitlements on an equal basis and equal access to information, the Project will also provide special assistance, compensation payments, and training programs for women. Their livelihood and income restoration should also be integrated into local government organized projects and get government support. Detailed supporting measures are as follows: 1. in combination with the rural industrial structure adjustment, using the existing womens quality project as the model to reinforce womens training using scientific technologies; 2. to further implement womens poverty alleviation project in order to help women in the poverty area to raise their income;

60

3. to actively work on the training of women leaders and related recommendations in association with local agencies; 4. to implement Mothers Water Cellar project; 5. to organize propaganda campaign on P.R.China Marriage Law and Protection Law for Women and Children of the Peoples Republic of China; 6. to further implement revolving fund and micro-credit projects initiated by the Womens Federation; and 7. to fully implement Female Healthcare Project in order to improve womens health.

5.9

Minority People Supporting Arrangements

An estimated 6,790 Yi minority people will lose a portion of their farmland and some of them will need to be relocated nearby. Along the expressway alignment Yi people account for 22 percent of the total population. The only adverse impact on ethnic minorities relates to land acquisition and resettlement. Among 93 affected villages, about 38 of them have over 10 percent of Yi minority population and 18 of them have 100 percent of Yi population. Since Yi people have been closely integrated in the current social system and receive preferential treatment under Chinese law, the compensation and rehabilitation adopted for affected Yi people will be the same as those for Han people. In order to respect their custom and maintain their social relationship, all affected minority population will be resettled within the same villages and village groups. Funds will be provided to the affected Yi villages to make improvements to their village living environment or other social infrastructure. All vulnerable minority households will receive special assistance for relocation and will have priority of job training. See details in EMDP.

5.10

Vulnerable Groups Supporting Arrangements

For those very vulnerable people, including the elderly living alone, disabled, households headed by women, and rural extremely poor households with per capita income below Y637, the Project will provide additional financial and physical support whenever it is necessary. According to data collected from affected villages and townships, as many as 24,781 persons or 16.9 percent of total population in 93 villages (146,871 persons) are considered as poor persons or poverty population. Using the same ratio, it is estimated that about 965 households and 3,420 persons are considered as poverty population among total affected people for the Project. However, during the sample survey of 600 households, the ratio of those extreme poor or economic vulnerable only accounted for 2.83 percent7. Using this ratio, only 162 households 573 persons are considered as economically vulnerable people among total affected people for the Project. A better estimate will be available after the project preliminary design survey, but the actual number will be determined based on the detailed measurement survey. For these vulnerable persons, a series of measures will be provided in order to reduce their negative impacts and assist their resettlement and rehabilitation. They include labor and other assistance during house reconstruction. A special rehabilitation fund at 1 percent of total
7

There are differences among data obtained from Resettlement village reporting data (16.9%), sampled resettlement social-economic survey (2.83%), and the findings from social and poverty analysis (31%). The obvious reason is that the three sources involved different sample population. Or in other word, the alignment will traverse the relative wealthy area of the project-affected villages.

61

resettlement budget will be set up, which will be used to provide a range of measures for vulnerable populations. They include (1) provide special consultation; (2) give priority for selecting new housing sites; (3) arrange labor to assist relocated households to rebuild new houses; (4) provide additional allowance for moving and rehabilitation; (5) give priority for obtaining other economic rehabilitation measures; and (6) special education and skill training for the poor, disabled and elderly. Women who are included in the vulnerable groups will receive special attention and priority. Although the specific details how such special fund will be operated needs to be worked out by SPCD and local government, the following special assistance for these vulnerable persons is planned: a. To those relocated vulnerable households, such as elderly living alone, disabled and households headed by women, the Project will entrust relevant townships or villages to provide substantial help in housing construction and relocation. b. To those households which are extremely poor or belong to elderly living alone, disabled, and all women households, a special subsidy will be paid by SPCD to assist them to construct their houses and maintain their living standards. The subsidy criteria will be determined according to the actual condition and their needs. For this purpose, the SPCD has decided to set aside a special fund with Y5 million or 1 percent of the total resettlement cost, which will be used to provide direct and needed help for those vulnerable people, as well as households facing economic hardships for income restoration. c. Local government has expressed their concern for the vulnerable groups, and they will pay more attention to these groups and be sure to incorpate them into as a integral part of local comprehensive development.

d. Regarding the livelihood rehabilitation, as the financial insurance in China has been socialized, any one can buy insurance either old or young. For the vulnerable groups, relevant governmental sectors should provide guidance and supervision to some vulnerable members in order to avoid spending compensation money witout a plan.

5.11 Rehabilitation Plan for Special Facilities

The special facilities affected by Yalu Expressway Project will include: irrigation canals, tractor roads, electric power lines and telecom lines. Early in the primary study stage, a detailed survey on possible impacts to the livelihood of the affected people will be carried out, along with consultations and interviews to get the opinions and suggestions from local governments, relevant departments, and resettlers. These suggestions will be adopted into the project design and resettlement plan, as noted below. 5.11.1 Irrigation canal restoration plan

Destruction of irrigation canals will be avoided as much as possible during the construction. For those canals that will be affected, a culvert will be built in the roadbed or a parallel open channel will be built in the protection area along the roadbed. 5.11.2 Tractor road restoration plan

The crossroad will be constructed for the tractor roads according to the actual condition of each

62

section. For pedestrian pathways, overpasses or underpasses will be built to solve traffic problems at two sides. The passageway will be built at the section of with relatively dense traffic of people. 5.11.3 Electric power line restoration plan

According to the preliminary design, for those power lines crossing the Expressway, the pole height will be increased; for those power lines along the Expressway, the affected section will be relocated and rebuilt. The relevant electricity department shall make the plan and reconstruct the power facilities. 5.11.4 Telecom line restoration plan

For those telecom lines crossing the Expressway, the pole height will be increased; for those telecom lines along the Expressway, the affected section will be relocated. The relevant functional department shall make the plan and reconstruct the telecom facilities.

63