Practice Exam Ch 8

1. When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated? A. 2 ATP B. 3 ATP C. 24 ATP D. 36 ATP E. 38 ATP

2. All of the following are exoenzymes except A. ATP synthase. B. streptokinase. C. penicillinase. D. collagenase. E. elastase.

3. All of the chemical reactions of the cell are called A. catabolism. B. redox reactions. C. phosphorylation. D. metabolism. E. cellular respiration.

4. The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and peptides is an example of A. anabolism. B. catabolism. C. phosphorylation. D. fermentation. E. biosynthesis.

5. Enzymes are A. broken down in reactions that require energy input. B. proteins that function as catalysts. C. electron carrier molecules. D. not needed for catabolic reactions. E. All of the choices are correct.

6. Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called A. anabolism. B. phosphorylation. C. fermentation. D. exergonic. E. glycolysis.

7. A holoenzyme is a combination of a protein and one or more substances called A. substrates. B. apoenzymes. C. catalysts. D. cofactors. E. None of the choices are correct.

8. Important components of coenzymes are A. vitamins. B. metallic ions. C. active sites. D. substrates. E. ribozymes.

9. Enzymes that catalyze removing electrons from one substrate and adding electrons to another are called A. phosphotransferases. B. oxidoreductases. C. decarboxylases. D. aminotransferases. E. ligases.

10. When enzyme action stops due to a buildup of end product this control is called A. negative feedback. B. competitive inhibition. C. enzyme induction. D. enzyme repression. E. None of the choices are correct.

11. Exergonic reactions A. include synthesis of large carbohydrates. B. only occur in heterotrophs. C. occur during aerobic cellular respiration. D. do not occur in anaerobic cellular respiration. E. occur when ADP binds to inorganic phosphate to form ATP.

12. In the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate A. ATP. B. ADP. C. pyruvic acid. D. oxygen. E. NAD.

13. All of the following pertain to glycolysis except it A. occurs without oxygen. B. ends with formation of pyruvic acid. C. occurs during fermentation. D. degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O. E. involves reduction of NAD.

14. The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins A. glycolysis. B. electron transport system. C. Krebs cycle. D. fermentation. E. oxidative phosphorylation.

15. The step involving ATP, hexokinase, and the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is A. the final step of the Krebs cycle. B. the first redox reaction of the electron transport system. C. an example of oxidative phosphorylation. D. an example of substrate-level phosphorylation. E. an example of photophosphorylation.

16. During aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is A. pyruvic acid. B. oxygen. C. nitrate. D. cytochrome c. E. FAD.

17. Which of the following is NOT involved in the step that occurs between glycolysis and the TCA cycle? A. reduction of NAD B. decarboxylation of pyruvic acid C. coenzyme A attaches to an acetyl group D. dehydrogenation of pyruvic acid E. pyruvic acid accepts electrons from NADH

18. In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the A. cell membrane. B. mitochondria. C. chloroplasts. D. ribosomes. E. cytoplasm.

19. In which pathway is the most NADH generated? A. electron transport system B. Krebs cycle C. glycolysis D. alcoholic fermentation E. mixed acid fermentation

20. The reactions of fermentation function to produce _____ molecules for use in glycolysis. A. pyruvic acid B. ATP C. NAD D. NADH E. glucose

21. During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed? A. electron transport B. Krebs cycle C. glycolysis D. processing of pyruvic acid for the Krebs cycle E. All phases produce the same number of ATP molecules.

22. Each NADH that enters the electron transport system gives rise to _____ ATP. A. 2 B. 3 C. 24 D. 36 E. 38

23. Mixed acid fermentation A. produces butyric acid. B. occurs in all bacteria. C. produces acids plus CO2 and H2 gases. D. is seen in Streptococcus and Lactobacillus. E. also produces ethanol.

24. Anaerobic cellular respiration A. is also called fermentation. B. only involves glycolysis. C. does not generate ATP. D. utilizes an electron transport system. E. uses the same final electron acceptors as aerobic respiration.

25. Each FADH2 that enters the electron transport system gives rise to _____ ATP. A. 2 B. 3 C. 24 D. 36 E. 38

26. In anaerobic respiration, all of the following can serve as the final electron acceptor except A. nitrate. B. oxygen. C. sulfate. D. nitrite. E. None of the choices are correct.

27. Enteric bacteria commonly occupy the human intestine and primarily produce A. CO2 and H2 gasses. B. methane gas. C. lactic acid. D. alcohol. E. butyric acid.

28. The process of alcoholic fermentation produces A. alcohol only. B. alcohol and oxygen. C. alcohol and carbon dioxide. D. carbon dioxide and yeast. E. yeast and oxygen.

29. Cyanide will cause rapid death in humans because it A. stops glycolysis. B. stops the TCA cycle from turning. C. stops the electron transport chain at coenzyme Q. D. blocks cytochrome c oxidase. E. inhibits the ATP synthase.

30. Enzymes that are regularly found in a cell are termed A. exoenzymes. B. endoenzymes. C. constitutive enzymes. D. induced enzymes. E. conjugated enzymes.

31. When amino acids are deaminated, they can be used as a source of A. glucose. B. fat. C. vitamins. D. minerals. E. carbon.

32. In eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle takes place A. in the nucleus. B. in the endoplasmic reticulum. C. in the cell membrane. D. in the mitochondria. E. in the cytoplasm.

33. ATP molecules are catalysts that lower the activation energy needed to initiate a reaction. True False

34. ATP synthase is a complex enzyme needed for oxidative phosphorylation. True False

35. Facultative anaerobes can utilize aerobic cellular respiration when oxygen is present and fermentation when oxygen is in low supply. True False

36. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is an intermediary of glycolysis that can also be utilized in biosynthetic pathways. True False

37. ATP is composed of deoxyribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups. True False

38. ________________________ reactions are anabolic reactions involving ligases for synthesis and the release of one water molecule for each bond formed.

39. FAD, NADP, NAD, and coenzyme A are all _________________________ carriers.

40. _______________________________ enzymes have an active site, and an additional regulatory site for non-substrate attachment.

41. Discuss denaturation with regard to: a) what occurs in the process, b) conditions that cause it, and c) the specific affect on a enzyme.

42. Discuss the electron transport chain with regard to: a) its composition, b) its function in cellular respiration, c) its location in eukaryotes versus prokaryotes, and d) role in chemiosmosis.

43. Compare and contrast aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation.

44. Describe ATP synthase with regard to: a) its molecular structure, b) its cell location and function, and c) its specific activity in coupling electron transport to ATP production.

45. An apoenzyme A. is part of a simple enzyme. B. is also called a coenzyme. C. contains the active site. D. is often an inorganic metal ion. E. is an RNA molecule.

Practice Exam Ch 8 Key

1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. E 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D

30. C 31. A 32. D 33. FALSE 34. TRUE 35. TRUE 36. TRUE 37. FALSE 38. condensation 39. electron 40. allosteric 41. Answers will vary. 42. Answers will vary. 43. Answers will vary. 44. Answers will vary. 45. C