Version 062/AADDC Exam 1 haley (56465) This print-out should have 20 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Two students who are late for tests are running to classes in opposite directions as fast as they can. They turn a corner, run into each other head-on, and crumple into a heap on the ground. Using physics principles, estimate the force that one student exerts on the other during the collision. Assume equal masses of 60 kg for each student, and equal running speeds of 3 m/s. Assume that each students body is compressed by 4.8 cm during the collision. What is the magnitude of the average force one student exerts on the other? 1. 5625.0 2. 5400.0 3. 24545.5 4. 8437.5 5. 6750.0 6. 12272.7 7. 11250.0 8. 10800.0 9. 10384.6 10. 7297.3 Correct answer: 5625 N. Explanation: Assuming an approximately constant force, the average speed of a student during the collision is vf,x + vi,x vi,x = . 2 2 The duration of the collision can be estimated thus: x = vavg,x t 2x x = t = vavg,x vi,x = 0.032 s . From the momentum principle, 1. f 2. d 3. e 4. h 5. b correct 6. c g f e d pf,x = pi,x + Fnet,x t
2 m vi,x pi,x |Fnet,x | = = t 2x = 5625 N .

002 10.0 points A planet with a mass of 1 1023 kg travels around a star in a nearly circular obrbit in the xy plane as shown in the diagram. Its speed is constant at 15000 m/s. D

Star

Which arrow best describes the direction of P in going from B to C? a h b c

Version 062/AADDC Exam 1 haley (56465) 7. a 8. g . Explanation: We know that direction of P is given by P B + P = P C P = P C P B Thus, from the directions of PC and PB it follows that the correct answer is b 003 10.0 points A proton of mass mp is moving along the - z direction and undergoes a change in its speed from 0.994c to 0.998c. What is the magnitude and direction of the impulse acting on the proton? 1. 5.2mp c along + z Thus 2. 8.1mp c along - z 3. 6.7mp c along - correct z 4. 0.004mp c along + z 5. 5.2mp c along - y 6. 0.004mp c along - z 7. 6.7mp c along + z 8. 8.1mp c along + x Explanation: I= (2 v2 1 v1 ) mp c c (15.8193) (0.998 c) mp c = c (9.14243) (0.994 c) mp c c = 6.7 mp c . 2 = 1 1 (0.998 c)2 c2 = 15.8193 . 1 = 1 1 (0.994 c)2 c2

= 9.14243 and

We use the formulae for the impulse and the momentum Impulse = pf pi = pf pi () z

M omentum = m v

004 (part 1 of 4) 5.0 points Suppose the position of an object moving along the x-axis is x(t) = (6 m/s) t + (3.4 m/s3 ) t3 . What is the position of the object at t = 0?

Let : mp = 1.7 1027 kg , v1 = 0.994 c , v2 = 0.998 c , and c = 3 108 m/s . = 1 v2 1 2 c , so

1. (6 + 3.4) m 2. 6 m 3. 0 m correct 4. (6 + 3.42 ) m 5. 3.4 m Explanation:

Version 062/AADDC Exam 1 haley (56465) Plugging in t = 0, we nd that x(0) = 0. 005 (part 2 of 4) 5.0 points What is the position of the object at t = tf = 6.5 s? 1. 394.828 2. 316.0 3. 330.3 4. 2899.8 5. 2014.4 6. 972.725 7. 1436.83 8. 248.578 9. 171.979 10. 787.311 Correct answer: 972.725 m. Explanation: Plugging in t = tf , we nd that x(t = tf ) = (6 m/s) tf + (3.4 m/s3 ) t3 . f Simplifying, we obtain x(t = tf ) = (6 m/s)(6.5 s) + (3.4 m/s3 )(6.5 s)3 = 972.725 m . 006 (part 3 of 4) 5.0 points What is the average velocity of the object in this time interval? 1. 34.402 2. 81.527 3. 176.056 4. 30.328 5. 106.32 6. 234.437 7. 18.2 8. 149.65 9. 53.1 10. 99.025 Correct answer: 149.65 m/s. Explanation: The average velocity (not instantaneous velocity) is given by vavg = = x t (6 m/s) tf + (3.4 m/s3 ) t3 0 f tf

= 6 m/s + (3.4 m/s3 ) t2 f = 6 m/s + (3.4 m/s3 )(6.5 s)2 = 149.65 m/s . 007 (part 4 of 4) 5.0 points What is the average acceleration of the object in this time interval? 1. 68.64 2. 38.4 3. 21.06 4. 66.3 5. 42.9 6. 16.32 7. 28.35 8. 18.72 9. 75.69 10. 13.02 Correct answer: 66.3 m/s2 . Explanation: The formula we can use is v . aavg = t Now we do need to know the initial and nal velocities in order to nd the average acceleration. We nd these values by dierentiating the position formula. The initial velocity is v(t = 0) = 6 m/s, and the nal velocity is v(t = tf ) = 6 m/s + 3(3.4 m/s3 )t2 = 6 m/s + 3(3.4 m/s3 )(6.5 s)2 = 436.95 m/s . The average acceleration is aavg = v t 436.95 m/s 6 m/s = 6.5 s

= 66.3 m/s2 .

Version 062/AADDC Exam 1 haley (56465) 008 10.0 points A rubber ball is dropped from rest onto the oor, and bounces back up to the same height from which it started. Ignore the force of friction due to the air. Which of the following sets of plots most accurately depict this motion? (The force plots depict the force on the ball by the environment.) y 1. t vy t Fy t

tially 0 m/s since the ball started from rest, and decrease linearly until it hits the oor, at which point it is very quickly given a boost to a positive value, and again continues to decrease linearly. The force should be always a negative constant value, except for when the ball hits the oor, at which point it should be a narrow positive peak to indicate the brief upward force exerted on the ball by the oor. 009 10.0 points An ice skater whose mass is 50 kg moves with a constant momentum of (400, 0, 300) kg.m/s. During this period of constant momentum, she passes the location (0, 0, 3) m. What was her location at a time 3 s earlier?

y 2. t

vy t

Fy t

1. (8, 0, 5) m 2. (24, 0, 15) m

correct y 3. t vy t Fy t

3. (8, 0, 5) m 4. (10, 3, 7) m 5. (24, 0, 15) m correct 6. (20, 0, 14) m

y 4. t

vy t

Fy t

7. (10, 3, 7) m Explanation: Given that Let : p = (400, 0, 300) kg.m/s , rf = (0, 0, 3) m , m = 50 kg , and t = 3 s. We use the formula for the momentum to obtain the velocity

y 5. t

vy t

Fy t

Explanation: Since there is a constant force, gravity, downward, the plot of the y-position should be parabolic with negative slope whose magnitude is increasing over time, until it hits the oor. At this point the slope should switch sign and point upward and decrease in magnitude over time. The velocity should be ini-

v=

p m = (8, 0, 6) m/s

We make use of the relation between velocity and displacement rf = ri + v t

Version 062/AADDC Exam 1 haley (56465) which yields ri = rf v t = (24, 0, 15) m 010 (part 1 of 3) 5.0 points A basketball player wishes to throw the ball to a teammate across the court. If he throws the ball at a 30 angle, with what initial speed must he throw the ball so that his teammate receives the ball in tight = 1.14 s? Use g = 9.8 m/s2 . 1. 5.88 2. 9.702 3. 11.172 4. 10.29 5. 11.466 6. 6.174 7. 16.464 8. 14.994 9. 14.7 10. 15.582 Correct answer: 11.172 m/s. Explanation: Using the momentum principle in the y direction, pf,y = pi,y + Fnet,y t tight 0 = pi,y m g 2 tight vi,y = g 2 and since vi,y = |vi | sin , |vi | = g tight 2 sin = 11.172 m/s . 3. 8.08137 4. 7.39392 5. 5.51488 6. 9.54793 7. 10.7281 8. 2.58176 9. 11.1367 10. 13.2945 Correct answer: 5.51488 m.

Explanation: The highest point occurs at t = tight /2. For the x coordinate, rapex,x = vi,x tight 2

= (vi cos )

tight 2 = 5.51488 m .

012 (part 3 of 3) 5.0 points Find rapex,y . 1. 3.09692 2. 1.12896 3. 0.53361 4. 0.441 5. 1.59201 6. 1.6769 7. 2.33289 8. 0.74529 9. 1.94481 10. 0.583223 Correct answer: 1.59201 m. Explanation: Since the net force in the y direction is nonzero, we have to use the appropriate position update formula here: tight 1 tight 2 g 2 2 2 tight 1 2 = (vi sin ) g tight 2 8 = 1.59201 m .

011 (part 2 of 3) 5.0 points What is the highest point along the trajectory, rapex = rapex,x, rapex,y , 0 , relative to the throwers hand ? (Take the initial location to be the ri = 0, 0, 0 m.) First give rapex,x . 1. 6.11068 2. 3.67022

rapex,y = vi,y

013 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points Youre driving on a straight road (in the +x

Version 062/AADDC Exam 1 haley (56465) direction) at a constant speed of 25 m/s. In 11 s, you speed up to 40 m/s to pass a truck. Assuming that your car speeds up at a constant rate (constant force by the road on the tires), what is your average x component of velocity vavg,x during this maneuver? 1. 35.0 2. 32.5 3. 36.5 4. 35.5 5. 34.0 6. 33.0 7. 36.0 8. 34.5 9. 33.5 10. 37.0 Correct answer: 32.5 m/s. Explanation: Since the car speeds up at a constant rate, we just need to consider the endpoints, when the car was traveling vi,x = 25 m/s and vf,x = 40 m/s. We calculate the average x component of velocity as follows: vi,x + vf,x 2 25 m/s + 40 m/s = 2 = 32.5 m/s . 2. 17.5059, 0, 0 m 3. 19.3725, 0, 0 m 4. 18.4816, 0, 0 m 5. 15.3244, 0, 0 m 6. 16.9971, 0, 0 m 7. 15, 0, 0 m 014 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points How far do you go during this maneuver? 1. 276.0 2. 390.0 3. 315.0 4. 324.0 5. 296.0 6. 357.5 7. 292.0 8. 280.0 9. 288.0 8. 18, 0, 0 m 9. 15.7417, 0, 0 m 10. 16.747, 0, 0 m correct 10. 333.0 Correct answer: 357.5 m.

Explanation: Again, the fact that the acceleration is constant simplies things. We can just treat this situation as though we were actually moving at the average speed for the 11 s interval: x = = vavg,x t = (32.5 m/s)(11 s) = 357.5 m . 015 10.0 points A mass of 13 kg is xed at the origin, and a mass of 37 kg is xed at 45, 0, 0 m. Where should a mass of 2 kg be placed so that there is no net gravitational force on it? Use G = 6.7 1011 N m2 /kg2 . 1. 17.759, 0, 0 m

vavg,x =

Explanation: Because both the m1 = 13 kg and m2 = 37 kg masses rest on the x-axis, any nonzero y or z coordinate of the m = 2 kg mass would mean it would feel a nonzero force in the y or

Version 062/AADDC Exam 1 haley (56465) z direction. Thus the mass must also rest on the x-axis to be in equilibrium. Furthermore, as the gravitational force is attractive, mass m must rest between masses m1 and m2 in order to cancel the forces on it. Letting mass m rest at x-coordinate x, we equate the magnitude of the forces on it: G m1 m m2 m =G , 2 x (d x)2

9.8 m/s2 . The only other thing we need to solve for the time is the initial velocity in the y direction. We obtain this from trigonometry: vi,y = v sin 58 = (22 m/s) sin 58 = 18.6571 m/s . So, rearranging the above equation to solve for the time, we obtain 0 = vi,y t + 1 ay t2 2

where d is the x coordinate of m2 . Using the quadratic formula to solve for x, we choose the solution such that 0 < x < d. m1 m1 m2 = 16.747 m. m1 m2 16.747, 0, 0 m. 016 (part 1 of 3) 5.0 points A soccer ball is kicked at an angle of 58 to the horizontal, with an initial speed of 22 m/s. Assume for the moment that we can neglect air resistance. g = 9.8 m/s2 . How long is the ball in the air? 1. 3.18132 2. 3.66855 3. 3.46142 4. 3.80756 5. 3.5348 6. 4.00044 7. 3.60387 8. 3.14878 9. 3.88828 10. 3.11528

x=d

So the nal coordinate of mass m is

1 vi,y t = ay t2 2 2 vi,y t = ay 2 (18.6571 m/s) = 9.8 m/s2 = 3.80756 s .

017 (part 2 of 3) 5.0 points How far does the ball go (horizontal distance along the eld)? 1. 30.6538 2. 36.0387 3. 37.8442 4. 35.348 5. 30.2029 6. 28.6319 7. 29.1913 8. 34.6142 9. 26.7471 10. 44.3894 Correct answer: 44.3894 m. Explanation: There is no force in the x direction, so vx is constant. This makes this part simple: x t x = vx t = (v cos 58 )(t) = (22 m/s) cos 58 (3.80756 s) vx = = 44.3894 m .

Correct answer: 3.80756 s. Explanation: To determine how long the ball is in the air, we can use the position update formula derived from the momentum principle: 1 yf = yi + vi,y t + ay t2 . 2 We just need to ll in the quantities that we know. Clearly, yf = yi = 0 m and ay = g =

Version 062/AADDC Exam 1 haley (56465) 018 (part 3 of 3) 5.0 points How high does it go? 1. 14.3545 2. 11.6271 3. 16.4863 4. 12.1456 5. 18.5204 6. 18.1435 7. 16.9722 8. 11.8886 9. 17.7595 10. 11.0922 Correct answer: 17.7595 m. Explanation: To nd the height, we can use the position update formula again, although this time we are solving for a dierent variable. Now we want to nd yf , and we need to plug in the correct time that it takes to reach the peak. Since the trip up and the trip down take the same amount of time, we can simply divide the total ight time in half to nd that tpeak = t = 1.90378 s. 2 7. 6.3e+23 8. 1.98e+24 9. 8.1e+23 10. 1.71e+24 Correct answer: 1.62 1024 N.

Explanation: The magnitude of the gravitational interaction between two particles is proportional to the product of the particles masses. Changing either mass by a factor n will change the product, and thus the magnitude of the gravitational interaction, by the same factor n. In this example, if the satellites mass triples (changes by a factor of three), then the magnitude of the gravitational interaction also triples and becomes 1.62 1024 N.

Now we just plug into the formula above: yf = yi + vi,y tpeak + 1 ay t2 peak 2 = 0 + (18.6571 m/s)(1.90378 s) 1 + (9.8 m/s2 )(1.90378 s)2 2 = 17.7595 m .

020 (part 2 of 2) 5.0 points If instead the distance between the moon and the planet were three times as large (no change in mass), what would the magnitude of the force be? 1. 5.55556e+22 2. 2.55556e+22 3. 7.88889e+22 4. 6.33333e+22 5. 6.0e+22 6. 3.11111e+22 7. 4.44444e+22 8. 7.0e+22 9. 5.0e+22 10. 2.33333e+22 Correct answer: 6 1022 N.

019 (part 1 of 2) 5.0 points At a particular instant, the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by a planet on one of its moon is 5.4 1023 N. If the mass of the moon were three times as large, what would the magnitude of the force be? 1. 1.23e+24 2. 2.22e+24 3. 1.89e+24 4. 6.6e+23 5. 6.0e+23 6. 1.62e+24

Explanation: The magnitude of the gravitational interaction between two particles is inversely proportional to distance squared. Changing this distance by a factor n will change the magnitude by n2 , but inversely. If distance increases, then magnitude decreases. If distance decreases, then magnitude increases. In this example, the distance increases by a factor of three, so the magnitude would decrease by a factor of nine and becomes 6 1022 N.