ACTION MULTILAYER

OF

MOVING BASE

LOAD

ON

VISCOELASTIC

A. Ko P r i v a r n i k o v

and

]3. S. R a d o v s k i i

UDC539.374

On the surface of a m u l t i l a y e r base t h e r e moves a load at a velocity which is constant in magnitude and direction, this being applied with the same intensity over a same a r e a at any instant of time t r (--~, oo) . The p r o b l e m is to determine the s t r e s s e s and the displacements in the base. Such a problem a r i s e s , specifically, in the design of highway and a i r p o r t pavements for strength with m a t e r i a l s which have elastic as well as viscous p r o p e r t i e s . A s i m i l a r p r o b l e m regarding the action of a moving load on m u l t i l a y e r b a s e s was c o n s i d e r e d in e a r l i e r studies with use of the s i m p l e s t models of v i s c o e l a s t i c m e d i a [3, 6, 7] and for the c a s e of deformation of a d o u b l e - l a y e r medium [4, 5]. In the following solution there will be no c o n s t r a i n t s imposed on the mode of base deformation, on the (finite) number of l a y e r s , and on their thickness. The viscoelastic p r o p e r t i e s of the various base l a y e r s can be different and are d e s c r i b e d by the relations between s t r e s s e s and strains

where s~, e~ a r c components of the deviators of r e s p e c t i v e l y the s t r e s s t e n s o r s and the strain t e n s o r s , O is the instantaneous s h e a r modulus, B is the bulk modulus, ~ is the spherical component of the s t r e s s t e n s o r , 0 is the volume strain, and Fc, Fv are the relaxation kernels. The m u l t i l a y e r base is a stack of n + 1 homogeneous isotropic layers. Each layer is bounded only by two p a r a l l e l planes. The bottom layer of the base is a h a l f - s p a c e . Any two adjacent l a y e r s can be either fastened together or be in a smooth contact so that the conditions of coupling in such a m u l t i l a y e r base can apply in any sequence. 1. We consider one of the base layers. We will use a stationary Cartesian s y s t e m of coordinates (x, y, z) and let the z = 0 plane in this s y s t e m coincide with the upper boundary plane of that layer. The Z axis is pointing downward and the X axis is pointing in the direction in which the load m o v e s . This moving load p r o duees in the given l a y e r s s t r e s s e s ~afi(x, y, z, t), displacements u~(x, y, z, t), and s t r a i n s co6(x, y, z, t). We also introduce a moving s y s t e m of coordinates (x', y ' , z') whose axes are parallel correspondingly to axes x, y, z and which m o v e s along the X axis at the velocity v of the load. We will dwell only on the stationary state of s t r e s s of the base. Then in the moving r e f e r e n c e s y s t e m the s t r e s s e s and the displacements in the layer will not be functions of time. Let f(x', y ' , z') be an a r b i t r a r y differentiable function. Considering that x' = x - vt, y ' = y, and z ' = z, we obtain

I r (t-- ~) [ ( x - ~ , y, z) dr = iv jfr \ ( s - - v x' / f(s, y', z') d~;

x'

of
Ox"

of
Ox '

of
@'=@

of
'

of
Oz" =

of
Oz '

a"-f = v'- ~
Ot ~ Ox ~ "

Using these r e l a t i o n s , w e write the fundamental equations for a viscoelastic layer in the moving r e f e r e n c e system 02 a ~ , ~ (x, y, z) = pv ~ ~ u~ (x, y, z), ~ = 1 [u~,,~ + u~,~,];

Dnepropetrovsk State University. State S c i e n t i f i c - R e s e a r c h Institute of Highways. T r a n s l a t e d from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 45-52, June, 1981. Original a r t i c l e submitted J a n u a r y 29, 1979.

534

0038-5298/81/1706-0534507.50

9 198_ Plenum Publishing Corporation 1

sa~ (x, y, z) -= 26

e~r (x, V, z) - - v 1

o x

it
r~

" r~ ~ s - - x

e ~ ( s , ! f , z ) ds

"

(1.1)

(x, V, z) ---- B

0 (x, y, z) - - v
x

o (s, v, z) ds

with the p r i m e signs at v a r i a b l e s x ' , y ' , z ' o m i t t e d h e r e and henceforth. The indices ~, r stand for x, y, z and s u m m a t i o n is p e r f o r m e d o v e r r e p e a t i n g indices, while differentiation is p e r f o r m e d with r e s p e c t to the index behind a c o m m a . We a s s u m e that n o r m a l and tangential s t r e s s e s at the b a s e s u r f a c e , as well as the sought quantities trot?, Uc~, s a t i s f y the conditions of e x i s t e n c e of a F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m with r e s p e c t to v a r i a b l e s x a n d y, while the r e l a x a tion k e r n e l s Fc(X) and Fv(X) s a t i s f y the conditions of e x i s t e n c e of a o n e - d i m e n s i o n a l F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m [1]. We will denote the t w o - d i m e n s i o n a l F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m of function f(x, y) e i t h e r with the s y m b o l Fill o r the s y m b o l ~((, ~), where }, ~) a r e the t r a n s f o r m p a r a m e t e r s , and the o n e - d i m e n s i o n a l F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m of function f(x) e i t h e r with the symbol Fx[f] o r the s y m b o l f (~). Considering that
[ Ox ~ l = ( - i5)' F ill;

F ~

= (-- in?~F ill;

F[I] ---- Fy [F~ fill,

we obtain by a t w o - d i m e n s i o n a l F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of e x p r e s s i o n s (1.1)

+
-

dz

--

(i .2)

~ = - ~1- [F [u~.0] + F [u~.d];

~o (~, n, z) = ~0 [l --1% (-- vh)]e~;

~(~, ~1, z ) = B [ 1 --P~(--vh)]6.

We now introduce the functions

a * (5) =

i 0

t ro (0 e-igvtdt

; B* (5) = B

1~
0

F, (t) e-i~Otdt .

(1.3)

We will now p e r f o r m the F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m a t i o n on the equations of motion, the Cauchy r e l a t i o n s , and H o o k e ' s law. It is noteworthy that in the s p a c e of F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m s one can obtain the fundamental r e l a t i o n s (1.2) f o r a v i s c o e l a s t i c l a y e r f r o m the analogous r e l a t i o n s for an elastic l a y e r by r e p l a c i n g in the l a t t e r the moduli of e l a s t i c i t y G and B with functions G*(() and B*(}) r e s p e c t i v e l y . This conclusion applies to all c o r o l l a r i e s of r e l a t i o n s (1.2). Accordingly, h e r e a r e the e x p r e s s i o n s n e c e s s a r y for the analogs of the e l a s t i c i t y p a r a m e t e r s E, v, X E*---

9B'6" . v* 3B*--26" . )~*--B* 3B* -}- G~" ----2 (3B* + a*) ' ---

2
y

(1.4)
G*,

needed for our f u r t h e r a n a l y s i s . Eliminating f r o m the f i r s t t h r e e of Eqs. (1.2) the t r a n s f o r m s of s t r e s s e s , with the aid of the other r e l a tions, we a r r i v e at the equations of motion in t e r m s of d i s p l a c e m e n t s , which in f o r m a r e identicalto the L a m e equations for a l a y e r a f t e r the t w o - d i m e n s i o n a l F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m a t i o n has been applied to it. It can be demons t r a t e d that the latter a r e equivalent to the s i m p l e r s y s t e m of o r d i n a r y differential equations
, ~ [ du~
-

S)

+ u

-* [ dzS

p z S ) - ~ --pv252S;

535

(~* -~"G*) ( d'zuz d~T

where

dS \ [ -F ~

*[ d~uz Pv~~\

p~ ----[~ -1- Xl~; S = t~u= + i ~ ;

T = i~lu~ - - i[u~.

(1.6)

The t r a n s f o r m s of the sought d i s p l a c e m e n t s and s t r e s s e s in the l a y e r a r e r e l a t e d to the functions S, T, and uz as follows:

~= = X*[ du~ \ dz

--

S)

--2G[p

,-2

([S+qT);

u~-~--p-e(i[S+i~]T);

%~ -~ ~* ( d~ff~-- S) -- 2G**lp-2 01S -- [T); uy = -- p-2 (iqS -- i[T);

-

%z = (X* -{- 2G*) ~

dh~
--

L*S; (~g ~- O*p-~ [([~ - - ~ ) T

--

2[qS];

(1.7)

The coefficients in the s y s t e m of differential equations (1.5) a r e not functions of the v a r i a b l e z and, t h e r e f o r e , its g e n e r a l solution is e a s i l y found to be

S --~ p~p-~' (-- C,e-p" -F Qe ~z) -t- P~ (-- Cae-"~ + CteP~); T = C~e-~'~ + Ceer~; u, = C1e-p'z -~- C~ep'z --~ C~e -p~z -I- Ctep~.

(1.8)

H e r e Cl . . . . . . C s a r e a r b i t r a r y functions of the v a r i a b l e s ~, ~ to be d e t e r m i n e d f r o m the boundary conditions f o r the l a y e r , and Pv ~

'

Pv~'~2
6*

(1.9)

H e r e X* and G* a r e c o m p l e x functions of the r e a l v a r i a b l e ~ so t h a t p l andp2 a r e functions of the s a m e kind (two-valued functions). Henceforth Pl and P2 will r e f e r to those values of these functions which have Reply0; Rep2~0. (1.10)

2. We will now c o n s i d e r a v i s c o e l a s t i c m u l t i l a y e r b a s e d i s r e g a r d i n g the f o r c e s of i n e r t i a , i.e., a s s u m i n g that all l a y e r s have a density p = 0. Then the solution to the p r o b l e m of d e t e r m i n i n g the s t r e s s e s and the disp l a c e m e n t s in such a v i s c o e l a s t i c m u l t i l a y e r b a s e under a moving load can be obtained, in t e r m s of t w o - d i m e n sional F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m s , f r o m the solution to the c o r r e s p o n d i n g static p r o b l e m in the theory of e l a s t i c i t y through the substitutions E ~ E * , p ~ p* with G ~ G * , B ~ B * , X ~ ~* for each l a y e r and with equalities (1.3), (1.4) taken into account. We will apply the method of the c o m p l i a n c e function, thoroughly d e s c r i b e d in an e a r l i e r study [2] in connection with b o u n d a r y - v a l u e p r o b l e m s p e r t a i n i n g to elastic m u l t i l a y e r m e d i a , and, without going into the details of obtaining the solution for the static elastic c a s e , we will give the final a l g o r i t h m of solving the p r o b l e m of d e t e r m i n i n g the action of a moving load on a v i s c o e l a s t i c m u l t i l a y e r b a s e . So as not to c l u t t e r up the text with m a t h e m a t i c a l e x p r e s s i o n s , we will only c o n s i d e r the c a s e w h e r e all l a y e r s of the v i s c o e l a s t i c b a s e a r e bonded. We s e t up the c o m p l i a n c e functions Ak (~, q), B~ (~, q), B~k (~, q), C~k (~, ~l) and the a u x i l i a r y functions a~ (~, q) -~ (1 - - Ah) e2Ph~; b~ (~, ~l) ~- [(1 - - 2v~) 2-: (t - - ~;)-: - - S~] e2Vh*;
b~ (~, q) = (1 -- B~k) e~Ph~;

c,k (~, ~) ---- [(1 -- ~i)-~ -- C~k] e ~k

(k = n . . . . .

1)

(2.1)

536

TABLE

1.

o,m/see

"

Te=T~" P' kg]m~

0

0 4,387 4,387 4,387 4,387 4,387 4,387

0,278 1,954 1,954

2,78 1,829 1,829 1,954 1,954 2,673 2,673

13,89 1,820 1,823 1,841 1,844 2,082 2,086

27,78
1,820 1,831 1,828 1,838 1,954 1,967

55,56 1,820 1,869 1,823 1,873 1,883 1,934

I11,1
1,820

10,0 1,0 0,1

2200

2,084
1,820

2o00
o 2200

2,673 2,673
4,144 4,144

2,065 1,847 2,094

with the aid of the recurrence

relations = 2 -2 (! - - v~)-2 [ 0 - - 4v~) sc -- u] + ha (Ak+~c2 + B,k+,s ~) +

D,r

+ g~sk+~ [0 - 2,~) so-- u] + G (sc + u);

2 (I - - vk) DkB,~ * 2-2 ( I .~_ - - v~)-~" [(3 - - 4v~) (1 - - 2v,~)*s~-- pku] +

+ a~Ak+~ [(1 - - 2v~) sc + u] + AuB,k+t [(1 - - 2v~) sc -- u] + .-~--Bk+, X

ha

[(l - 2~,;)~ (s ~ + c ~) + (3 - 4.~ - - 2pg) ea] + G [0 - - 2,~) s ~ + p,u];

D~.B~ - ~ 2 - 2 (1 - - v*~) [(3 - - 4v~) sc + u] + A~ (Ak+iS~ + B~i+td) + -2

+ aaB~+~ [(1 --2~,h sc + ul + H~ (sc - - u);

c,. = [aa (1 - ~;) G,+~c + sl (1 - - v;) -~ [A a (I - - v~) C.~+,s + c ] - ' ; 2O~,a. = 2 - ~ (1 - - v;)--0 [(3 - - 4v;) (1 + eh) + 2pa (1 + p~) + 2 (i - - 2v~) ~] - X (1 - - e~) - - 2pa (1 + p~)] ~ Ha[1 + 2p~ (1 + Pt3 - - G];

Dabn = 2 --0 (1 - - v~)-'2 [2 (1 - - 2v~) (1 - - v~) + P~I- - G p a (A~+, - - B~+~) + 2D,,bvr = 2--0 (1 - - v2)-~ [(3 - - 4v~) (1 + ea) - - 2p~ (1 - - p h ) + 2 ( 1 - - 2v~) ~] +
X (1 - - e~) + 2pn (t - - Pa)] - - g ~ [1 - - Pa ( 1 - - Pa) - - en]; c.a = [1 - - A a (1 - - v:) C~+,] (I - - v ; ) - ' [A~ (I - - v;) C~+,s + c]-'. Here

p~ =phk, p - = V ' ~ +

~I*', ek = e "-2pk, U=pkeh, C=0,5(1 +ea), s = l ~ c ;

*2

Hk = h~ (Ak+,B,~+, - - B~+t);
Dk = 2 - 2 (1 - - ~,;~)-2[(3 - - 4vk) c + up~ + (l 2v~)~ e~] + A~Ak+I (sc-- u) +

+ &B,~+~ (sc + u) + akBk+~ [(1 - - 2v~) s~ + uPd + G (s~ - - upa);

and hk is the thickness of the k-th layer. functions for the half-space B,,+~(1-" * 2v,,+,) 2 - l ( l - - v , ,*+ 3 - I ; G , ~ + l = ( l - - v , ~ + , ) - .l from the stresses given at the upper boundary

We start from the compliance

A,+~ = l; B ~ , , + I = I ; We determine of the base the auxiliary functions

~, (~, ~), 6~ (~, ,]), ~ (L q)

537

-p-- [ine~:~ - - zNu~] Iz=o; f (~, n) ------me

f (x, y) er

We find the v a l u e s of functions ~a(~, ~1), an (~, ~1), ~ (~, ~) for the l a y e r w h o s e s t a t e of s t r e s s is to be d e t e r m i n e d , with the aid of the r e c u r r e n c e re lations
ah+i =

e~ {an [1 + aas - - p~ (ahc - - bns - - 1)] - -

an [bns q- Pn (bt~s - - bnc + 1)]};

~ + ~ = en {(zn [-- b~,s + p~ ( a : - - b : + 1)] + (~n[1 + b~: + p~ (b,~c - - b : - - I)]};

H e r e e k = e - p h k , c = 0.5(1 + e~), s = 0.5(1 - e~(), and functions p, Pk, ak, bk, bTk, C~k a r e the s a m e as defined by e x p r e s s i o n s (2.1). The t r a n s f o r m s of s t r e s s e s and d i s p l a c e m e n t s in the l a y e r we d e t e r m i n e a c c o r d i n g to r e l a t i o n s (1.7). There
26*puzk (~, TI, z) = (r --

8~b~) [2 (1 --

~*k) C -- pzD] -- (~znbk -- 6~b~h) X

X [(1-- 2" D - - pzC] ~ (cr ~ 8~) (1 - - 2v~ q- pz) e-Pz--cche-Pz; 2G*S (~, rl, z ) = v~) = - - (~nan - - ~ubn) [(1 - - 2~) D -t- pzC] -+. (r - - 8nb,k) [2 (1 ~ v*~)C +pzD] - -

- - (an ~ ~h) ( l ~ 2 v ~ p z ) e-p~+She-Pz; 2G*T (~, ~, z)=28h [(l--v~) c~kC~ e-pz], w h e r e p, a k, bk, bTk, c Tk a r e functions as defined in (2.1); C = 0.5 [e-p("hk-z) + e-p(Zhk+z)]; D = e-p(Zhk " z ) - C. The s t r e s s e s and the d i s p l a c e m e n t we now d e t e r m i n e t h r o u g h an i n v e r s e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n

The s t r e s s e s and the d i s p l a c e m e n t s a r e thus obtained in the m o v i n g r e f e r e n c e s y s t e m of c o o r d i n a t e s . R e p l a c e m e n t of x with x - vt in t h e s e e x p r e s s i o n s is equivalent to a c h a n g e to the s t a t i o n a r y r e f e r e n c e s y s t e m of c o o r d i n a t e s , in which the load m o v e s at the v e l o c i t y v along the X axis. 3. L e t a n o r m a l load of intensity q u n i f o r m l y d i s t r i b u t e d o v e r the a r e a of a c i r c l e of r a d i u s a m o v e at a c o n s t a n t v e l o c i t y v on the s u r f a c e of a v i s c o e l a s t i c i s o t r o p i c h o m o g e n e o u s h a l f - s p a c e with i n e r t i a . Let us d e t e r m i n e the d i s p l a c e m e n t Uz at the c e n t e r of the c i r c l e . F r o m the b o u n d a r y conditions at z = 0 we find that ~ I,=0 = ~ Jl(x) is the B e s s e l function of the f i r s t kind. C o n s i d e r i n g the b o u n d a r y conditions and t h a t Ux, Uy, Uz ~ 0 as z ~ oo, we d e t e r m i n e the functions Cl(~, ~) . . . . . C6(~, ~/) f r o m r e l a t i o n s (1.7) and (Z.8). I n s e r t i n g e x p r e s s i o n s (1.8) into t h e s e functions, we obtain the t r a n s f o r m Uz ]z = 0. An i n v e r s e F o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m a t i o n y i e l d s the sought quantity aq : ~ (P~ - - p2) PlJ~ (pa) ~d~l a z (0, O, O) = ~ , ) j G~p [4p~pxp~-- (p~ q-pg)~]' (3.1) ]z=o = O, -(rz Iz=o = 2naqp=~Jt (pa), where

with Pl, P2 defined by e x p r e s s i o n s (1.9) and (1.10), G* and ~* defined by e x p r e s s i o n s (1.3) and (1.4), and P---- V ~ - F .q2. N u m e r i c a l r e s u l t s have b e e n obtained f o r the r e l a x a t i o n k e r n e l s
t t

r~ (0 = ~

1-

, Fo (0 =

1-

w h e r e G and G~ a r e the m o m e n t a r y and the l o n g - t e r m s h e a r m o d u l i , B and Boo a r e the m o m e n t a r y and the l o n g - t e r m bulk d e f o r m a t i o n m o d u l i , and T c, T v a r e the r e l a x a t i o n t i m e in s h e a r and in bulk d e f o r m a t i o n r e s p e c t i v e l y . With the aid of e x p r e s s i o n s (1.3) and (1.4) we find 538

~Iv~ uzIO)

2~

~J

5g

8~ ,: km/m

Fig. i G* ~- i~vT~G q- G= . i~vT~ + 1 ~, = i~v (3T~B - - 2GT~) + 3 B % - - 2G= 3 (i~vV~ --}- 1)

It i s e a s i l y a s c e r t a i n e d t h a t t h e i m p r o p e r i n t e g r a l in e x p r e s s i o n (3.1) c o n v e r g e s a t any v a l u e s of v. When v > v0 = ~ , m o r e o v e r , t h e r e e x i s t f o u r p a t h s of a p p r o a c h to t h e p o i n t } = 0, 7 = 0 a l o n g w h i c h the i n t e g r a n d f u n c t i o n i s F ( } , ~/) = 0(p-2). F o r t h e r e m a i n i n g p a t h s a n d a l s o w h e r e v < v 0 a t p ~ 0, F ( } , 0 = 0 ( p - i ) . A t t h e o t h e r p o i n t s in t h e }, V p l a n e t h e f u n c t i o n F(~, 0 i s b o u n d e d . T h e q u a n t i t y ~ i s t h e s m a l l e s t p o s i t i v e r o o t of t h e e q u a t i o n

~r162--I
!

T h e r e s u l t s of a n u m e r i c a l e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e q u a n t i t y w = - 2 (1 + v) x Guz (0, 0.0)/aq, n a m e l y i t s v a l u e s c o r r e s p o n d i n g to a r a d i u s a = 0.165 m of the a r e a on w h i c h the l o a d i s a p p l i e d , a r e shown in T a b l e i f o r G = 94.29 M P a , Goo = 36.32 M P a , B = 204.30 M P a , Boo = 108.96 M P a , a n d with T c = T v . T h e s e v a l u e s c o r r e s p o n d to ~ = 0.8742 a n d v = 121.3 m / s e c a t a d e n s i t y p = 2 . 2 - 10 a k g / m 3. A t a d e n s i t y p = 0, a c c o r d i n g to t h e s e d a t a , an i n c r e a s e o f t h e v e l o c i t y v c a u s e s t h e d e f l e c t i o n u z o f t h e s u r f a c e of t h e h a l f - s p a c e u n d e r t h e c e n t e r of the m o v i n g l o a d to d e c r e a s e m o n o t o n i c a l l y . T h e l o n g e r the r e l a x a t i o n t i m e i s , m o r e o v e r , the f a s t e r d o e s t h i s d e f l e c t i o n d e c r e a s e . W h e n p ~ 0, on t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e n t h e d e f l e c t i o n i s n o t a m o n o t o n i c f u n c t i o n o f v. I t t h e n h a s i t s m i n i m u m w i t h i n the 0 < v < v 0 i n t e r v a l . We n o t e t h a t t h e v a l u e s o f G, G ~ , B, a n d Boo u s e d in t h e s e c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e c l o s e to t y p i c a l v a l u e s f o r h i g h w a y a n d a i r p o r t p a v e m e n t s , w h i l e t h e s i z e o f the l o a d i n g a r e a i s e q u a l to t h e s i z e o f i m p r i n t s m a d e b y t r u c k s on t h e h i g h w a y p a v e m e n t . A n i n t e r e s t i n g c o n c l u s i o n c a n b e d r a w n h e r e , n a m e l y t h a t a t u s u a l c a r s p e e d s w i t h i n the v -- 0.25v 0 ~ 100 k m / h l i m i t t h e f o r c e s of i n e r t i a h a v e a n e g l i g i b l e e f f e c t on t h e d e f l e c t i o n of t h e h a l f - s p a c e . T h e g r a p h in F i g . 1 d e p i c t s t h e r a t i o of d e f l e c t i o n a t v e l o c i t y v to d e f l e c t i o n u n d e r a s t a t i o n a r y load, t h i s r a t i o b e i n g p l o t t e d a l o n g t h e a x i s of o r d i n a t e s . T h e s h a d e d r e g i o n c o v e r s m e a s u r e d d e f l e c t i o n s o f an a s p h a l t - c o n c r e t e h i g h w a y p a v e m e n t with v a r i o u s t y p e s of b a s e , at v a r i o u s p a v e m e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s , a n d v a r i o u s m o i s t u r e I e v e l s in a l o a m y s o i l u n d e r a c a r w h e e l w i t h a l o a d o f 20 kN. T h e d a s h - l i n e c u r v e s r e p r e s e n t r e s u l t s of c a l c u l a t i o n s a c c o r d i n g to e x p r e s s i o n (3.1) f o r p = 2200 k g / m 3, G = 94.29 M P a , Goo = 34.53 M P a , B = B ~ = 204.30 M P a ( i . e . , k e r n e l Fv(t) = 0), a n d v a r i o u s l e n g t h s o f t h e r e l a x a t i o n t i m e T c : 1) 0.01 s e e , 2) 0 . t s e c , 3) 1.0 s e e .

A comparison of the data indicates a satisfactory agreement between the theoretically determined and the experimentally determined dependence of the pavement deflection on the velocity of the load. On the basis of these results, one can expect this algorithm of solving boundary-value problems for a viscoelastic multilayer base to rather completely cover all features of the behavior of highwayand airport pavements under moving loads.
LITERATURE CITED

2.

V. A. D i t k i n a n d A. P . P r u d n i k o v , I n t e g r a l T r a n s f o r m a t i o n s a n d O p e r a t i o n a l C a l c u l u s [in R u s s i a n ] , F i z m a t g i z , M o s c o w (1961). A. K. P r i v a r n i k o v , " T h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l d e f o r m a t i o n o f a m u l t i l a y e r b a s e , " in: S t a b i l i t y a n d S t r e n g t h of S t r u c t u r a l C o m p o n e n t s [in R u s s i a n ] , I z d . D n e p r o p e t r o v s k . U n i v . , D n e p r o p e t r o v s k (1973), p p . 2 7 - 4 5 .

539

3.

4. 5. 6. 7.

B. S. Radovskii, "Behavior of a highway struct~are as a v i s c o e l a s t i c m e d i u m under a moving loads, ~ Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Stroit. Arkhitekt., No. 4, 141-146 (1975). A. S. Semenov, "A v i s c o e l a s t i c l a y e r under the action of a moving load," Zh. P r i k l . Mekh. Tekh. F i z . , No. 3, 177-180 (1975). V. I. Tsepordei, "Actionof moving loads on viscoelastic multilayer media,' Prikl. Mat. Programmimv,, Kishinev--Shtiintsa (1974), No. 11, pp. 99-109. Y. T. Chouand H. G. Larew, "Stresses and displacements in viscoelastic pavement systems under a moving load," Highway Res. Rev., No. 282, 25-40 (1969). S. Mandal, "A plate on a viscoelastic foundationunder a moving load," Pure App. Geophys.,93, No. 1, 55-59 (1972).

COMMENT ON THE ARTICLE "WAVE PROPAGATION IN A CYLINDRICAL SHELL CONTAINING A VISCOUS COMPRESSIBLE LIQUID" BY A. N. GUZ'*
A. N. G u z '

In the f i r s t p a r a g r a p h on page 845 of that a r t i c l e , the second a s s u m p t i o n was omitted. The t h r e e a s s u m p tions in this p a r a g r a p h should c o r r e c t l y r e a d as follows: "If we let a0-~, in e x p r e s s i o n s (1.11) and (2.8), thenwe have the case of a v i s c o u s i n c o m p r e s s i b l e fluid. If x,~z2=0 and w--=k'=v'=0, i n e x p r e s s i o n s (1.11), (1.12), and (2.8), then we have the c a s e of an ideal c o m p r e s s i b l e fluid. In the latter c a s e it is not n e c e s s a r y to also satisfy the last two k i n e m a t i c conditions (2.2). ~ F u r t h e r m o r e , the a s y m p t o t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s of the quantities fit2 and 833 in e x p r e s s i o n (4.10) on page 848 should be
8.~--z, ....n l-+-i . ~--~-~ c~J; ' l--Fi P3s~2,' ~ s. J.

and the f i r s t of Eqs. (4.15) on p a g e 848 should r e a d [(

4 v'

a).

1 0'1

'+ 3

at

0wJ

*Prikl. Mekh., I _ 6 No. i0, 10-20 (1980) [SovietApplied Mechanics, i . 6 No. I0, pp. 842-850 (1980)]. _6, _6 , Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 17, No. 6, p. 52, June, 1981.

540

0038-5298/81/1706-0540507.50 9 1981 Plenum Publishing Corporation