CONFUCIOUS

551 BC

MO TZU
441 BC

LAO TZU
400 BC

CONFUCIANISM PROPONENT Confucius PERIOD 551 BC

CENTRAL IDEA

TAOISM Lao Tzu 400 BC Focus is on nature

Focus is on man

VIEW ON LIFE

The laws of nature are Man can reach his all-powerful and desired end through existed before man. his own ability and It is eternal and unpower. changeable.

CONFUCIANISM

TAOISM
People have to take care of the natural world, to become part of nature. Their bodies and hearts should belong to nature.

VIEW ON NATURE

Ming: the forces of the universe are so strong that man has no control over it.

VIEW ON DUTY

Emphasis is on what is Emphasis is on social natural and responsibility of man spontaneous in man

CONFUCIANISM

TAOISM

VIEW ON SOCIAL PROGRESS

Man has to preserve Man has to have an nature and go with the active part in flow. Taoism is opposed developing social to advanced civilization structures for through forceful progress. actions of man.

CONFUCIANISM

TAOISM

No knowledge, no worries, nothing to wait for, nothing to be A good life is a life worried about. This is with virtue. Virtue the natural condition of is acquired through happiness. It is not ADVICE FOR knowledge and necessary to be perfect A GOOD LIFE learning. The more or complete. But no knowledge man social condition could has, the closer he is limit our efforts to be to a good life. happy, we can lose anything in society, but still be happy.

Confucianism
yi (knowledge)

Taoism
tao (the Way)

The wise are not learned; the learned are not wise.
The scholarly intellect cannot understand the tao because he is restricted by his own learning.

He who knows others is wise. He who knows himself is enlightened. - Lao Tzu

"The goal has to be right for us, and it has to be beneficial. But more than the goal, it is the process that is important.

Enjoyment of the process is the secret that erases the myths of the Great Reward and Saving Time. By enjoying the process, we can stretch that awareness out so that it's no longer only a moment, but covers the whole thing.

The

approach:

1. Action through inaction

* Taoism placed emphasis on spontaneity. * Avoid explicit intentions and strong will and proactively follow the Tao, to be more productive. * To counter the Tao would upset the balance.

The

approach:

2. Uselessness is usefulness

* Taoism has respect for individual differences.

* Each one has to be respected and valued from natures point of view.

The

approach:

3. Doing nothing
(vs doing for nothing)

* Manage change with the strategy of doing nothing.

* This strategy assures inner stability in man. No need to fret.

The TAOIST RULER rule: Manage a great nation as you would cook a delicate fish. To govern men in accord with nature, it is best to be restrained. When government is lazy and informal, the people are kind and honest; when government is efficient and severe, the people are discontented and deceitful.

For Taoism, rulers should do nothing for their people. If rulers take no action, and the people nurture each other; make no laws, and the people deal fairly with each other. Own no interest, and the people cooperate with each other. Express no desire, and the people harmonize with each other.

The most important matter is individual freedom. The more morals and taboos there are, the more cruelty afflicts people. People are advised to follow the laws of nature and to avoid societal norms.

Taoism asks people not to be concerned about matters of birth and death. It is better to forget the truth of the real conditions of life, and the truth of the human condition.

UNDP - MDG 5 (improve maternal health)

in the light of TAOISM

TARGET for MDG5: 1. reduce by three quarters (75%) the maternal mortality ratio * Maternal mortality ratio * Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

TARGET for MDG5:

2. Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

* Contraceptive prevalence rate * Adolescent birth rate * Antenatal care coverage * Unmet need for family planning

Pace of progress of the Philippines in terms of attaining the target Targets and Indicators
Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 to 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Maternal mortality ratio

Pace of progress
0.47

Probability of attaining the target

low

Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health Contraceptive prevalence rate

0.27

low

Based on the 2010 Philippines Progress report on the Millennium Developments Goals (MDGs)

Targets and Indicators Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 to 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Maternal mortality ratio

Pace of progress 0.47

Probability of attaining the target low

MMR is defined as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The indicator on maternal health status is disturbing. Based on data from the 1993 and 1998 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), MMR went down to 172 deaths from a 1993 baseline figure of 209 deaths. In 2006, it declined to only 162 deaths.

Targets and Indicators Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 to 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Maternal mortality ratio

Pace of progress 0.47

Probability of attaining the target low

The target reduction in MMR is 52 deaths per 100,00 live births in 2015. In view of the fact that the decline has slowed down considerably and appears to have stalled, this goal has been identified as the least likely to be achieved for the Philippines.

Out of three (3) million pregnancies every year: A. 1.5 M were unplanned * 5M end in abortions B. Induced abortion was the fourth leading cause of maternal deaths. * 17% are young women

C. More than 50% of births occur at home. * 1/3 were assisted by traditional birth attendants
D. 75% of the poorest quintile: no access to skilled birth attendants
There is a need to improve prenatal and postnatal services and special competencies of SBAs to reduce neonatal mortality.

Targets and Indicators Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health Contraceptive prevalence rate

Pace of progress 0.27

Probability of attaining the target low

Universal access to sexual and reproductive health education, information, and services improves health, saves lives and reduces poverty. The slow decline in MMR may be traced to inadequate access to integrated reproductive health services by women, including poor adolescents and men.

A.
The countrys total fertility rate (TFR) based on the 2006 report was 3.2 births per woman. This is a slight decline from the 2003 TFR of 3.5 children per woman. Among the regions, Region 4-B posted the highest TFR (4.1), while NCR, the lowest.

B.
On the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), the percentage of currently married women ages 15-49 years using contraceptives slightly changed from 49% in 2001 to 50.6% in 2006. * Central Luzon: 58.9 % * Cagayan Valley: 58.6% * Southern Mindanao: 57.2% * ARMM: 20%

C.
The unmet need for family planning was 15.7% in 2006, showing a decline from the 1998 figure of 19.8%. * ARMM: 29.7% * Cagayan Valley: 9.7%

Therefore, there is the need to actively promote family planning and responsible parenthood most especially, for low-income households. Without access to FP techniques, the actual number of children of poor families generally exceeds desired family size.

Taoism recommends that we take care of our bodies and live healthily. At the societal level there is also evidence that concern for health adds to happiness:

the greater the share of the national income invested in health care, the happier citizens are on an average. Average happiness is higher in nations where people feel most healthy and live longest.

Taoism is not a tolerant philosophy. It stresses freedom, but this freedom does not include the freedom of choice.

Taoism agrees with Confucianism on the importance of reflection. Both philosophies want people to care about their real lives. But Taoism takes a very different route to achieve this aim: it does not stress the importance of the rule of law.

Taoism only cares about the natural condition of a good life. The ideal society is a native society.
Morality is considered to be the distortion of peoples natural and native life, and will only decrease happiness.

Taoism is a negative philosophy of social life, but a positive philosophy of natural life. Taoism is pessimistic: happiness is possible, but only if you are wise enough to realize that you can do little about it. The good life can be reached if you cease to try to make things better for yourself.

A simple life is the best life.

Taoism argues against the

development of wisdom in people. For Taoism, children

are the happiest and most

healthy human beings.

If one does not see desirable things, ones mind would not be disturbed. People have to resist seduction, temptation and interferences from the social and political world.

To know the Way, We go the Way; We do the Way

The way we do
The things we do.

It's all there in front of you,

But if you try too hard to see it, You'll only become confused.

I am me, And you are you,

As you can see.

But when you do The things that you can do, You will find the Way, And the Way will follow you.
Benjamin Hoff, The Tao of Pooh

ADVICE FOR A GOOD LIFE Confucianism: Be involved in real life. Classic Taoist: Follow the Tao instead of being a social conformist and bookish.

Presented by:

29 February 2012