The Intestines

The intestines are _________, __________________ tubes that run from the ______________ to the __________. A majority of the water and nutrients being absorbed happen in the intestines. They are divided into the 2 parts: the __________ ___________________ and the _____________ _____________________.

The Small Intestine

Also called the small bowel, the small intestine is where most of the _________________ and ___________________ of food takes place. This makes the small intestines primary function the __________________________________________________________________________. Absorption is the process by which broken down food passes through the walls of the intestines and goes into the blood stream (Refer to Lesson 2.2 or P.68 in the Science textbook) The average length of a small intestine for an adult human male is ____ feet, ___ inches (6.9 m) and for an adult human female, it is about ____ feet, ___ inches (7.1 m). Both are about ____ to ____ cm in diameter.

The small intestine is divided into 3 parts: ___________________ -The first section of the small intestine. It is a hollow jointed tube that ranges from 10-12 inches in length and connects the stomach to the jejunum. This part of the small intestine plays a huge role in breaking down the food inside the small intestines using enzymes.

___________________ -The middle section of the small intestines, which lies between the duodenum and the ileum. Out of the 5.5 to 6 m of the small intestine, it makes up 2.5 m of the whole intestine. This part of the small intestine has a lining that is specialized in the absorption of carbohydrates and proteins.

___________________ -The final section of the small intestines that follows the duodenum and the jejunum. It extends 2-4 m in length for a human. Its function is to absorb the leftover products of digestion the jejunum (e.g. Vitamin B12).

Many problems occur in the small intestine. For example, the cause of these many problems is when _____________ is built up, unable to move. This causes a dysfunction known as ______________________________________, which stops peristalsis. The patient would receive headaches and cramps due to the ____________________________ being stopped unnaturally. There are many other diseases and/or disorders that may occur in the small intestines, such as _______________________________________________________________ __________________.

The Large Intestine

Also known as the large bowl, the large intestine is the _____________________________ part of the digestive system. The functions of the large intestine are to ____________ water from any remaining indigestible food matter, and then pass useless ______________ _____________________ from the body. The large intestine is about _______ feet in length (1.5 m).

It consists of 2 parts: The cecum and the colon. Cecum/Caecum: A pouch that connects the ___________ to the ascending colon of the large intestines. It is considered as the ____________________ of the large intestines. Colon: A part of the large intestines that extracts ____________ and __________ from solid wastes before they are _________________ from the body. Though the colon does not play a major role in absorption of foods and nutrients like the small intestines, it does absorb ____________, ______________________, and some _________________________________.

The Large intestines take about _____ hours to finish the remaining processes of the digestive system. Food is _____________________ broken down at this stage of digestion. In this process, the colon absorbs ________________ that are formed through colonic bacteria (e.g. Vitamin K, Vitamin B12). Other stages include ______________ feces, and _____________ fecal matter in the rectum until it is able to be discarded.

Improper function of the large intestine can lead to several disorders such as ____________________ and ______________________. When constipated, the movements of the bowel are ___________________, which causes painful _______________________ for the people with this common disorder. Ways of treating this disorder is by changing ______________________________ or by using _____________________ (Other methods are also available). When diarrhoea occurs, it shows that the individual has 3 or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. This leads to the loss of fluids, resulting in _________________________ and _______________________ imbalances. In the situation of obtaining diarrhoea, it is recommended to __________________________________ so that the body may be constantly _____________________.

Crohns Disease
Crohns Disease is a lifelong inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes parts of the digestive system to get swollen and have deep sores called ulcers. This disease is usually found in the ________________________ of the small intestine to the __________________________ of the large intestine. However, this diseases can develop anywhere from the digestive tract (from the mouth to the anus).

The cause of Crohns Disease is yet to be discovered, but it is linked to how the bodys __________________________________ responds to the normal bacteria in the small intestines. Unfortunately for families with this disease, they pass it down to their _________________, creating a higher risk for family members to obtain this disease from a relative who already have it. ___________________ makes Crohns Disease worse. There are many symptoms that are involved with having Crohns Disease, including _________________ (10 to 20 times a day), __________________________________, ___________________________, ______________________________, and ______________________________________________. Signs of when Crohns Disease becomes more severe are when the individual feels faint or has a fast and weak pulse, when severe belly pain is present, when the individual has a fever or shaking chills, and/or if the individual is constantly vomiting. In this case, a doctor is needed. Doctors may use test to determine if Crohns Disease is present in the body (e.g. Barium X-Rays, Colonoscopy, and Biopsy). In the case that an individual has Crohns Disease, the best way to treat the symptoms of this disease is to _____________________________________________, _____________________, and _____________________________________. Because Crohns Disease makes it hard for the body to absorb nutrients, it is best to incorporate _______________________ and __________________________ foods so that the body may have required nutrients to function.

If you feel that you want to know more, please DO NOT HESTITATE TO RESEARCH ON MORE INDEPTH. It is beneficial more for you than anyone else. Sources include: Books Textbooks ( The Science Textbook) Friends and families The Internet

Sources Used in Preparation of this Note:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_intestine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_(anatomy) http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-intestines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constipation http://www.aboutgimotility.org/site/about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-large-intestine/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrhea http://www.essortment.com/small-intestine-26633.html http://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/crohns-disease/tc/crohns-disease-topic-overview http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001295/ Sandner, Lionel, Investing Science 10, Pearson: Canada: 2009. Print