ENGR321 W02 Midterm 2

http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/engr321/Exams/ExamsW02/ENGR321W02MTTwo.html

Prof. W. H. Warnes Office: Rogers Hall 308 Phone and Voice Mail: (541) 737-7016 FAX: (541) 737-2600
This page last updated February 20, 2002 email: warnesw@engr.orst.edu

NOTE: There were two different exams given as MT2. Be sure you are looking at the correct questions and correct solutions.
1) (30 points) Give the Millers Indices for the planes shown on the unit cells below. TEST VERSION ONE:

TEST VERSION TWO:

2) (30 points) Illustrate on the drawings the positions of the planes within the unit cells given below.

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TEST VERSION ONE: ( 2 2 1 ) plane; ( 3 1 0 ) plane; ( 1 2 -4 ) plane.

TEST VERSION TWO: ( 0 2 1 ) plane; ( -1 2 0 ) plane; ( 4 3 1 ) plane.

3) (40 points) TEST VERSION ONE: For a BCC crystal, draw the atom positions on the ( 1 1 0 ) plane and determine the planar density. 4) (30 points) TEST VERSION ONE: Given the following information about Mn and Mg, what kind of solid solution would you expect TEST VERSION TWO: them to form? Justify your answer using the Hume-Rothery rules. (NOTE: There are four At T = 2000 K, a particular impurity point choices; substitutional solid solution with complete, partial, or zero solubility, or interstitial defect has an equilibrium concentration half as solution.) large as the vacancy concentration. What is the impurity concentration relative to the vacancy Element Crystal Structure Ionic Radius Valence Electronegativity concentration at T = 1000 K? Mn BCC 0.091 nm 2+ 1.55 TEST VERSION TWO: For an FCC crystal, draw the atom positions on the ( 2 0 2 ) plane and determine the planar density.

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Mg

HCP

0.078 nm

2+

1.31

5) (30 points) TEST VERSION ONE: TEST VERSION TWO:

A 150 kg alloy of composition Pb-40wt%Sn is to be made starting from a master alloy of composition Convert the composition of the alloy Pb-40at%Sn and pure Sn. What weight of master alloy and pure Sn will you need to make the 150 kg final Pb-30at%Sn into weight percent. alloy? A(Pb) = 207.2 A(Sn) = 118.71 6) (40 points) TEST VERSION ONE: A particular chemical process requires the controlled delivery of aluminum atoms into the reactor. It is proposed to control the Al flow by using a thin membrane of gold. If the concentration of Al in Au on the high concentration side is 400 kg/m^3, and on the low concentration side is essentially zero, HOW THICK must the gold membrane be to produce a diffusion flux of 7 x 10^-7 kg of Al/m^2-s? The diffusivity of Al in Au at the operating temperature of T = 1000 K is D = 8.7 x 10^-14 m^2/s. erf(z) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 z 0 0.08 0.17 0.26 0.37 TEST VERSION TWO: A particular chemical process requires the controlled delivery of aluminum atoms into the reactor. It is proposed to control the Al flow by using a 10 micron thick membrane of gold. If the concentration of Al in Au on the high concentration side is 400 kg/m^3, and on the low concentration side is essentially zero, what must be the diffusivity of Al through the gold membrane to produce a diffusion flux of 5 x 10^-7 kg of Al/m^2-s? erf(z) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 z 0 0.08 0.17 0.26 0.37 0.47 A(Pb) = 207.2 A(Sn) = 118.71

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0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0.47 0.58 0.72 0.90 1.16 infinity

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0.58 0.72 0.90 1.16 infinity

1) (30 points) Give the Millers Indices for the planes shown on the unit cells below. TEST VERSION ONE:

Intercepts: 1, 1, 1/2 ------- 1/3, 1/2, -1 ----------- 1/2, 1, infinity Miller index: ( 1 1 2 ) ----- ( 3 2 -1 ) --------------- ( 2 1 0 ) TEST VERSION TWO:

Intercepts: 1, 1/2, 1 ------- -1/2, -3/4, -1 ----------- -1, infinity, 1/3

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Miller index: ( 1 2 1 ) ----- ( -6 -4 -3 ) --------------- ( 1 0 3 ) 2) (30 points) Illustrate on the drawings the positions of the planes within the unit cells given below.

TEST VERSION ONE: ( 2 2 1 ) plane; ( 3 1 0 ) plane; ( 1 2 -4 ) plane.

TEST VERSION TWO: ( 0 2 1 ) plane; ( -1 2 0 ) plane; ( 4 3 1 ) plane.

3) (40 points) TEST VERSION ONE: TEST VERSION TWO:

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There are two complete atoms on this plane, so the planar density is:

There are two approaches one could use; either use the precise (2 0 2) plane (on the left), or recall that the (1 0 1) plane is parallel and therefore identical to the (2 0 2) plane (on the right). Either will give you the correct answer.

4) (30 points) TEST VERSION ONE: TEST VERSION TWO:

Element Crystal Structure Ionic Radius Valence Electronegativity At T = 2000 K, a particular impurity point defect has an equilibrium concentration half as large as the vacancy Mn BCC 0.091 nm 2+ 1.55 concentration. What is the impurity concentration relative to the 1.31 vacancy concentration at T = 1000 K? Mg HCP 0.078 nm 2+

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Use the point defect concentration equations at 2000K to find the relationship between the Qv and Qi defect energies, then calculate it for 1000K: 1. Atomic Size Difference = ( 91pm - 78pm) / 78pm = 16.7% > 15% so this is too big for good solubility; 2. Crystal Structure: FCC vs. HCP- they are different; 3. Valence: they are the same; 4. Electronegativity: they are pretty close. So, the two atoms fail the two most important Hume-Rothery rules for solid solutions (no.s 1 and 2) and pass the least important rules. This would put them into a small solubilitiy: I'll accept either PARTIAL or ZERO SOLUBILITY.

5) (30 points) TEST VERSION ONE: TEST VERSION TWO:

All of the Pb in the final alloy has to come from the master alloy. To figure out how much Convert the composition of the alloy Pb-30at%Sn into master alloy we need, we'll first need to convert the at% composition of the master alloy weight percent. into wt%: A(Pb) = 207.2 A(Sn) = 118.71 Simple conversion to weight percent: According to the problem, 60% of the weight of the 150kg final alloy is Pb, so we need a total of 0.6 x 150kg = 90kg Pb. How much master alloy do we need in order to get 90 kg of Pb?

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90kg = Mass x 0.724, or Mass of master alloy = 90kg / 0.724 = 124.3 kg. The rest of the 150 kg final alloy will be made of pure Sn = 150 kg - 124.3 kg = 25.7 kg of pure Sn. FINAL ANSWER: 124.3 kg of master alloy plus 25.7 kg of pure Sn. 6) (40 points) TEST VERSION ONE: This is a static problem involving FFL. The error function table is not needed. TEST VERSION TWO: This is a static problem involving FFL. The error function table is not needed.

End of File.

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