April 2011

Product overview
Reseller
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The invention is old, Stirling Hot Air engines were popular in the 19th century
Inventor Robert Stirling, Scotland Stirlings Hot Air Engine 1816 Simple, biomass heated, used in agriculture

The function of a Stirling engine is based on heating up and cooling down a gas
The gas is heated and expands moving the piston downwards The gas is cooled and shrinks moving the piston upwards

Heat supply

Cooling

Temperature and pressure increase

Temperature and pressure decrease

With two cylinders, the effect of pressure variation can be used in an engine

Expansion

Compression

Heat supply
Regenerator Expansion cylinder

Cooling

Compression cylinder

The Otto- or Diesel- cycle is open, the Stirling cycle is closed, prenting it from contamination which increases life time and serive interwalls

Otto Open cycle with internal combustion and air as working gas

Stirling Closed cycle with external heat source and internal working gas

Stirling schematic overview

1. Expansion cylinder 2. Gas heater 3. Regenerator 4. Gas cooler 5. Compression piston 6. Crankshaft

We offer two products, the Dish Stirling Engine as well as a Gas Powered Stirling Engine (combined heat & power - CHP)
Dish Stirling Engine Gas Powered Stirling Engine (CHP)

Electrical power Electrical power 10 kW Thermal power

9 kW

26 kW

The Biogas fermentation installation in is build in just a few days due to the simple construction and ability to use existing infrastructure
Biogas installation at dairy farm in Belgium

Gas Stirling Engine produces electricity and heat using lower quality gas enabling a less complicated and therefore less costly installation
Gas Stirling Engine already today produces electricity without any purification or upgrading of the biogas The installation makes it easy for farmers to produce heat and electricity right at the source without transportation of the manure to a large facility Most of the infrastructure is already in place at a modern dairy farm and most of the equipment can be recognized by the farmer from what is already used.

Simple biogas solution

No updraging of the raw biogas is needed

Gas Stirling Engine can operate on lower methane levels than converted Otto- or diesel engines and can also tolerate greater variations in gas quality due to its lambda measuring. The external burning of makes the engine durable and gives it a much longer life time than any other engine if internal combustion. The complete system is delivered ready to go with optional service agreement to ensure a worriless domestic power production for many years to come

Dish Stirling Engine

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All over Europe Governments support biogas production

Biogas produced and used at the source

In most European countries government subsidies are available, both the installation cost as well as ongoing tariffs on the biogas/power produced. The rest product is a manure with less odor and better nutrition value than the unprocessed manure similar to fertilizers produced from fossilize fuels.

In Sweden alone, it is estimated that a staggering 3TWh could be exploited from fermenting of manure*.

* Estimates from JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering

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The Biogas fermentation installation in is build in just a few days due to the simple construction and ability to use existing infrastructure
Biogas installation at dairy farm in Belgium

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Gas Engine structure and parts

1. Combustion unit 2. Generator 3. Expansion tank 4. Exhaust gas heat exchanger (NG version only) 5. Control panel 6. Pressurized working gas tank 7. Working gas valves 8. Oil filter 9. Oil pan 10. Power connector 11. Main circuit breaker 12. Top cover 13. Electrical connection box 14. Burner fan 15. Circulation pump 16. Plate Heat Exchanger 17. Fuel gas valves

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Electric and thermal production along gas pipelines

Main Gas Pipelines across Asia/Europe Main Gas Pipelines across Asia/Europe

A major international gas company has installed the Natural Gas engine to power the gas pipeline since it is more reliable, more efficient and needs less maintenance than all known alternatives

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Dish Sterling Engine can be installed in single units for rural off - grid power generation or in large scale utility solar parks
Single Unit Installation Solar Park Installation

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There are two main types of solar energy technologies Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Photo Voltaic (PV) with a number of sub technologies
Solar Energy Technologies
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Photo Voltaic (PV)

Silicon Based Central Receiver Linear Fresnel Parabolic Trough Dish Engine Concentrated PV (CPV) PV

Thin Film

Efficiency:

12%*

10%*

15%*

25%*
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13%*

*Average Solar-to-Electricity Efficiency

Dish Stirling Engine produces electricity with the lowest cost per kWh compared to any other solar energy system and has the longest track-record
Dish Stirling Engine already today produces electricity at a cost of less than 10 cent per kWh Long term, the cost is expected to decrease to less than 5 cent per kWh No other solar energy system may compete at these cost levels including PV and Stirling competitors At <5 cent per kWh Dish Stirling Engine will compete with wind power and nuclear power If carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental costs would be taken into consideration Dish Stirling Engine may be the most cost efficient way to produce electricity compared to any other source of energy (less nuclear energy) Dish Stirling Engine has the longest track record of any other Stirling based solar energy technology -

Cleanergys Dish Stirling Engine

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Today, the Dish Stirling Engine has a sun conversion efficiency rate of 25% almost twice the efficiency of PV which is much more mature
Industry Maturity

Maturity Curve in relation to Sun Conversion Efficiency Rate

Photo Voltaic (PV)

Today: 12-15% Sun Conversion Efficiency Rate Future: 17-18%???
Large threat of increased price of raw material, low efficiency Still great efficiency improvement potential to be realized related to the sun receiver and .

Dish Stirling Engine

Today: 25% Sun Conversion Efficiency Rate Future: 35-40%

Technology fully developed Engines operational capability proven Deploy in large scale

Time

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The Dish Engine peaks during a longer period why Production Cost per kWh (/kWh) is a more relevant measurement showing the actual profitability of a project
Output Effect Comparison between PV and the Dish Stirling Engine
The Dish Stirling Engine peaks during a longer period of the day PV only peaks at shorter mid-day time slots Photo Voltaic solutions degenerates peak output effect decreases by up to 1% per year

kW

Dish Engine

PV Year 1 PV Year 5 PV Year 10 PV Year 20

Photo Voltaic

Sun Cycle during a 24-hour Period

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Snapshot view of our company illustrates important product and market characteristics necessary for a rapid market deployment
Status
Stirling engine
>140 engines installed to date

Commercial capability

Legislative and customer demand for efficient solar power technologies Products are ready for the market

Accumlated >2 million operating hours

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Engine independently tested during 19992005 Proven 25% efficiency and high availability

Production site is established and running

Several customer contracts signed to date & shipment has been initiated

Sandia National Labs* and the French "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" have both conducted extensive testing with excellent results
Over 24 000 hours were accumulated by the Sandia engineers and CNRS testing the solar application The results show peak efficiency of over 25% with high availability and service intervals exceeding 1 800 hours
Eurodish Integration
09/03/2005
DNI [W/m2] 1100 1000
Pression [bar] - Temprature [C] - DNI [W/m2]

Performance and reliability testing

Power output related to solar input , DNI (Direct Normal Insulation)

Grid parallel

Daily and Cumulative Availability 9 Jan 01 31 Aug 02

Grid independent, smaller dish Converted to hydrogen

Mod 1 Daily and Cumulative Availability 9/1/01 - 8/31/02

Cumulative Availability line

120% 110% 100% 90% 80%

Availability

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1-Sep- 1-Oct01 01 1-Nov- 1-Dec01 01 1-Jan02 1-Feb- 1-Mar02 02
PrBot [bar] PrEng [bar]

TRecMax [C]

TRecGaz [C]

Production brute [We] 11000

Power input = DNI x mirror surface area

Solar Input

Electric output

10000 9000 8000

900 800 700

Receiver temperature
1-Jul02 1-Aug- 1-Sep02 02

7000 6000

1-Apr- 1-May- 1-Jun600 02 02 02

500 400 300 200 100 0

Date

Working gas temperature

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

Puissance lectrique [We]

Through supplier quality assurance processes the service intervals will be doubled in volume production In addition, the Stirling Engine, as used in both the solar and gas application, has almost two Million hours of operational experience with gas heated Combined Heat and Power plants (CHP) Service free operating times for Gas Stirling Engine have reached 4 000 6 000 hours Unlike for many of our competitors, product development is completed, the products have been tested and approximately 150 units have been sold to date
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Bottle pressure

Eurodish Integration
09/03/2005
Production brute [kWe] 13 12 11 10
Puissance lectrique [kWe]

Engine pressure
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Heure [h] 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Rendement brut [%] 26

Power output

24 22

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 300

Availability have proven to be as high as 92% with peak efficiency of 23.5%

20 18 16

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700 DNI [W/m2]

750

BILAN MENSUEL AVRIL 2005 Efficiency Cumul horaire DNI>120 W/m2 14 12340 Cumul horaire DNI>350 W/m2 12 10111 Cumul horaire DNI>700 W/m2 6208 Cumul horaire DNI>900 W/m2 10 3057 Each dot represents a Cumul horaire disponibilit 19422 actual measurement, taken 8 Fraction horaire disponibilit absolue (rf: 24h) 43,5 all overCumul horaire production 6 the day 9328 Morning start and evening Fraction horaire production (rf: DNI>350 W/m2) 92,3 4 go down give slightly sur parabole (DNI>120 W/m2) Energie incidente 5779 Densit 135 different lines nergtique incidente 2 Energie incidente utile (DNI>350W/m2) 5419 0 Energie collecte 4763 800 850 Fraction utilisation nergtique 900 950 1000 1050 1100 87,9 Energie produite brute 931 Facteur de capacit absolu (rf: 24h) 13,0 Rendement mensuel de production brut 16,1 Rendement de production maximum atteint 23,5 Rendement mensuel utile brut 17,2 Rendement mensuel de conversion brut 19,6 Energie produite nette 865 Rendement mensuel de production net 15,0 Rendement mensuel utile net 16,0 Rendement mensuel de conversion net 18,2

Rendement [%]

soit: 155 Operating h 28 mn from investigated Solo Stirling time CHP units 2002- 2007

Minutes Minutes Minutes Minutes Minutes % Minutes % kWh kWh/m2 kWh kWh % kWh % % % % % kWh % % %

soit: soit: soit: soit: soit:

205 168 103 50 323

h h h h h

40 31 28 57 42

mn mn mn mn mn

* Testing facility for the US Department of Energy operated by Lockheed Martin

Our stirling engine offers an extensive track record and is one of few commercially available Stirling engine. More than 140 units sold to date
Europe ROW
USA

Pakistan

Iran

S. Korea

Brazil

Picture illustrates installed sun and gas units with certain installations consisting of multiple units

= =

Sun unit(s) Gas unit(s) 22