Government A body of people that sets and administers public policy, and exercises executive, political, and sovereign

power through customs, institutions, and laws within a state. The act or process of governing, especially the control and administration of public policy in a political unit. State an organized political community, living under a government.[
a politically unified people occupying a definite territory; nation. Types of Government

Democracy Democracy is best described by Abraham Lincoln as a form of government that is of the people, by the people and for the people. It is a form of government, which allows people to choose the representatives amongst themselves who are given the rights to form the government. A democracy usually has a standard Constitution that confers certain rights of freedom and expression (and many other rights) to its citizens and expects certain duties from them and a uniform law to govern the entire nation. (LIKE THE PHILIPPINES) Oligarchy Oligarchy is the form of government where a small group has the power to govern or rule. Aristotle had coined the term oligarchy as synonym for rule by the rich (which is known as plutocracy), oligarchy now simply refers to rule of the privileged few.

Dictatorship A dictatorship consists of rule by one person or a group of people. Very few dictators admit they are dictators; they almost always claim to be leaders of democracies. The dictator may be one person, such as Castro in Cuba or Hitler in Germany, or a group of people, such as the Communist Party in China.

Theories of Politics Libertarianism Rawls theory of justice as fairness sparked an energetic riposte from Nozick, whose libertarianism is founded on strong claims about rights to self-ownership and ownership of alienable property, and their significance for individual freedom. Impartiality and Neutrality The idea that the state should be, or even can be, neutral or impartial is controversial. Who or what should the state be neutral between? If any state must appeal to some values to justify its decisions, how can any claim to impartiality be anything but a sham? We consider what kinds of claim to neutrality might be coherent and, even if some are, whether the state should indeed refrain from acting on perfectionistic judgements about what makes peoples lives go well. Democracy For some, the core claim is that democracy is the procedure for making political decisions that treats citizens as equals. Others emphasis the value of collective deliberation. We look also at the classic Schumpeterian rejection of normatively ambitious models of democracy and defense of a more realistic conception of democracy as competitive elitism, while considering the suggestion that deliberation can help to solve notorious problems in aggregating preferences.
political theory anarchism - a political theory favoring the abolition of governments autocracy - a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual collectivism - a political theory that the people should own the means of production communism - a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society conservatism, conservativism - a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes constitutionalism - advocacy of a system of government according to constitutional principles democracy - the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives liberalism - a political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution libertarianism - an ideological belief in freedom of thought and speech monarchism - a belief in and advocacy of monarchy as a political system republicanism - the political orientation of those who hold that a republic is the best form of government rightism - the ideology of the political right; belief in or support of the tenets of the political right socialism - a political theory advocating state ownership of industry theocracy - the belief in government by divine guidance