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Venn Diagrams- Basics, Problems, Maxima and Minima
by Total Gadha - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 04:49 PM

For all the CAT aspirants taking CAT in 2009 or 2010, this chapter should provide
some insight into Venn diagrams and methods for solving the problems. This
chapter comes on the demand of some high octane TG users who are responsible
for my lack of sleep and excessive intake of caffeine last night. I hope this resolves
many of their problems in Venn diagrams.

Venn diagrams are pictorial representations used to display mathematical or logical relationships between
two or more given sets (groups of things). The drawing consists of two or more circles, each representing
a specific group. Each Venn diagram begins with a rectangle representing the universal set. Then each
set in the problem is represented by a circle. Any values that belong to more than one set will be placed
in the sections where the circles overlap. A typical venn diagram is shown in the figure below:

In the figure, set A contains the multiples of 2 which are less than 30 and set B contains multiples of 3
which are less than 25. Therefore, A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12... 26, 28} and B = {3, 6, 9, 12... 21, 24}. The
various areas in the above diagram depict the following relationships:
9- Intersection (AB)- Denotes the set of elements that are shared by two or more given sets. In
the figure
given below, the intersection of the two sets is shown.

A B = {6, 12, 18, 24}
9- Only A or Only B- The part of set A, or set B, which is not shared by any other set is known as
"only A," or "only B." In the figure given below, the two parts are shown:

Only A = {2, 4, 8, 10, 14, 16, 20, 22, 26, 28}, only B = {3, 9, 15, 21}
9- Union (AUB)- Denotes all the elements of the given sets taken once.

A U B = {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28}
It can be seen that

The venn diagram for three sets is shown below:

It can be shown that

Problem-solving through Venn diagrams:
I use the following method to solve problems through Venn diagrams:

Solved Examples:
Of all the users on Totalgadha.com, 80% spend time in CAT Quant-DI forum whereas 60% spend time in
CAT verbal forum. If only those users will crack CAT who spend time in both the forums, what percentage
of users of TotalGadha
9- will crack CAT?
9- will not crack CAT?
Answer: n(AUB) = n(A) + n(B) n(AB) 100% = 80% + 60% n(AB) n(AB) = 40%
Therefore, 40% users of TG will crack CAT. And 60% of users (only A + only B) will not crack CAT.
NOTE: See that the surplus (superfluous part) can only be adjusted inside the area denoted for the
intersection of the sets, a fact we will use in maxima- minima type of questions.
A survey on a sample of 25 new cars being sold at a local auto dealer was conducted to see which of the
three popular options air conditioning, radio and power windows were already installed. The
survey found:
15 had air conditioning
2 had air conditioning and power windows but no radios
12 had radio
6 had air conditioning and radio but no power windows
11 had power windows
4 had radio and power windows
3 had all three options.
What is the number of cars that had none of the options? (CAT 2003)
1. 4 2. 3 3. 1 4. 2
Answer: We make the Venn diagram and start filling the areas as shown:

Total Number of cars according to the diagram = 2 + 6 + 3 + 1 + 5 + 2 + 4 = 23.
Therefore, number of cars having none of the given options = 25 23 = 2.
New Age Consultants have three consultants Gyani, Medha and Buddhi. The sum of the number of
projects handled by Gyani and Buddhi individually is equal to the number of projects in which Medha is
involved. All three consultants are involved together in 6 projects. Gyani works with Medha in 14
projects. Buddhi has 2 projects with Medha but without Gyani, and 3 projects with Gyani but without
Medha. The total number of projects for New Age Consultants is one less than twice the number of
projects in which more than one consultant is involved. (CAT 2003- Leaked)
What is the number of projects in which Gyani alone is involved?
1. 0
2. 1.
3. 4.
4. cannot be determined
What is the number of projects in which Medha alone is involved?
1. 0
2. 1.
3. 4.
4. cannot be determined
Answer: The Venn diagram for the three consultants is shown below:

Total Number of projects = 2 number of projects in which more than one consultant is involved 1 = 2
19 1 = 37.
Therefore, X + 8 + 6 + 3 + Y + 2 + X + Y 16 = 37 X + Y = 17. The values of X or Y cannot be
uniquely determined. Medha alone is involved in X + Y 16 = 17 16 = 1 project.
Concept of Maxima and Minima:
1. When the total number of elements is fixed
Let's have a look at the Venn diagram of two sets again:

Imagine that in the beginning, the number of elements in all the areas is zero, as shown above. All the
sets are empty right now.
Let's see what happens if I insert one element inside AB:

We can see that adding 1 element to AB increases the number of elements in both A and B by 1. The
total number of elements in all areas combined is 1 only (0 + 1 + 0) but if you add the number of
elements in A and B (A + B), the addition will come up to 2. Therefore, adding 1 element to AB
gives an extra 1 element. Hence, for every surplus of 1 element we can add 1 element to
AB.
Lets see the Venn diagram for 3 sets:

In diagram 1, we have added 1 element to intersection of only two sets (A and B but not C). We can see
that A and B both increase by 1 and therefore we get a surplus of 1 element.
In diagram 2, we have added 1 element to intersection of all the three sets (A and B and C). We can see
that A, B and C all three increase by 1 element each and therefore we get a surplus of 2 elements.
Therefore, in case of three sets, we can accommodate the surplus by
9- adding elements to intersection of only two sets in which case a surplus of 1 element can be
accommodated by increase of 1 element in the intersection of only two sets.
9- adding elements to intersection of three sets in which case a surplus of 2 elements can be
accommodated by increase of 1 element in the intersection of three sets.
How is this related to maxima and minima?
Let's see:
According to a survey, at least 70% of people like apples, at least 75% like bananas and at least 80%
like cherries. What is the minimum percentage of people who like all three?
Answer: Let's first calculate the surplus:
percentage of people who like apples + percentage of people who like bananas + percentage of people
who like cherries = 70% + 75% + 80% = 225% a surplus of 125%.
Now this surplus can be accommodated by adding elements to either intersection of only two sets or to
intersection of only three sets. As the intersection of only two sets can accommodate only a surplus of
100%, the surplus of 25% will still be left. This surplus of 25% can be accommodated by adding elements
to intersection of three sets. For that we have to take 25% out of the intersection of only two sets and
add it to intersection of three sets. Therefore, the minimum percentage of people who like all three =
25%
The question can be solved mathematically also. Let the elements added to intersection of only two sets
and intersection of three sets be x and y, respectively. These elements will have to cover the surplus.
>x + 2y = 125%, where x + y 9s 100%. For minimum value of y, we need maximum value of x.
> x = 75%, y = 25%.
In a college, where every student follows at least one of the three activities- drama, sports, or arts- 65%
follow drama, 86% follow sports, and 57% follow arts. What can be the maximum and minimum
percentage of students who follow
9- all three activities
9- exactly two activities
Answer: Let us again see the surplus:
Percentage of students who follow drama + Percentage of students who follow sports + Percentage of
students who follow arts = 65% + 86% + 57% = 208% surplus = 108%. This surplus can be
accommodated through adding elements either to intersection of only two sets or to intersection of only
three sets. As the intersection of only two sets can accommodate only a surplus of 100%, the surplus of
8% will still be left. This surplus of 8% can be accommodated by adding elements to intersection of three
sets. For that we have to take 8% out of the intersection of only two sets and add it to intersection of
three sets. Therefore, the minimum percentage of people who like all three = 8%. In this case
the percentage of students who follow exactly two activities will be maximum = 92%.
The surplus of 108% can also be accommodated through adding elements to only intersection of three
sets. As adding 1 element to intersection of three sets give a surplus of 2 sets, adding 54% to
intersection of three sets will give a surplus of 108%. Therefore, the maximum value of students
who follow all three activities is 54%. In this case the percentage of students who follow
exactly two activities will be minimum = 0%.
We can also solve it mathematically x + 2y = 108%, where x + y 9s 100%. The maximum value of x
will give minimum value of y, whereas minimum value of x will give maximum value of y.
2. When the total number of elements is NOT fixed
In this case we assign the variables to every area of the Venn diagram and form the conditions keeping
two things in mind:
9- try to express the areas in the Venn diagram through least number of variables.
9- all the numbers will be zero or positive. No number can be negative.
Out of 210 interviews of IIM- Ahmedabad, 105 CAT crackers were offered tea by the interview panel, 50
were offered biscuits, and 56 were offered toffees. 32 CAT crackers were offered tea and biscuits, 30
were offered biscuits and toffees, and 45 were offered toffees and tea. What is the
9- maximum and minimum number of CAT crackers who were offered all three snacks?
9- maximum and minimum number of CAT crackers who were offered at least one snack?
Answer: Lets make the Venn diagram for this question. Since we want to assume least number of
variables, we can see that assuming a variable for the number of students who were offered all three
snacks will help us express all the other areas. Let the number of students who were offered all three
snacks = x.

In the above diagram, we have expressed all the areas in terms of x. To decide maximum value of x, we
note that 32 x, 45 x and 30 x will be zero or positive. Therefore, the maximum value of x will be 30.
(30 is the lowest among 30, 32 and 45). To decide minimum value of x, we note than x 19 and x
12 will be zero or positive. Therefore, x cannot be less than 19 (19 is the higher number between 19 and
12).
Therefore, maximum and minimum number of CAT crackers who were offered all three snacks = 30 and
19.

The number of CAT crackers who were offered at least one snack = Total number of CAT crackers in the
Venn diagram = x + 28 + 32 x + x + 45 x + x 19 + 30 x + x 12 = 104 + x.
As the maximum and minimum values of x are 30 and 19, respectively, the maximum and minimum
value of 104 + x will be 134 and 123, respectively.
Maximum and minimum number of CAT crackers who were offered at least one snack = 134 and 123.
I am afraid I shall have to end here and leave the rest of it for my CBT Club
students. I shall cover some problems based on this in the CBT Club this week.

Reply

Re: Venn Diagrams- Basics, Problems, Maxima and Minima
by Small Wonder - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 05:02 PM

TG Sir ki jai ho
Thanks a ton. God Bless You!
Small Wonder!
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by Vaidyanathan Ganesan - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 05:11 PM

TG,
I was always on the look for your articles on the homepage and this time i was not
disappointed.. . A new article!!!!

Keep up your good work.

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by Gul Gul - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 05:11 PM

YAhooooooooo!!!!! Thnx TG Muahhhhhhhhh.......
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by kishore ayyadevara - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 05:24 PM

Thanks a lot TG
i could not get the following point..

three sets. As the intersection of only two sets can accommodate only a surplus of 100%, the
surplus of 8% will still be left. This surplus of 8% can be accommodated by adding elements to
intersection of three sets. For that we have to take 8% out of the intersection of only two sets and add
it to intersection of three sets

but here we are considering 3 sets...so how come u took only 2?
the other 2 intersection are 0 then?

Regards,
Kishore.
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by Sri KLR - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 05:36 PM

TG,
Good method to solve max and min.....
x+2y and x+y is too good...I like equations....no thinking needed from now on..
So far I used hit and trial.....but NO more ...feel relieved now....
Please give us some problems on four dimensionals also....
Also give some more prob on venns.. as exercise on Quant-DI forum...
I have kinda premonition that CAT might rear it's ugly head again....CAT(We ) is (are)
going thru Testing times...
I have seen one prob in cat 2 years back....one tough venn prob..don remember...will
get back with it..

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by Software Engineer - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 06:31 PM

Here, the quality of content is best, relally ! Thank You.

Software Engineer
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by King Kong - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 07:01 PM

TG == Too Good !!?? [ ] Awesome stuff...
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Hi Kishore,

"intersection of only two sets" means area containing intersection of two sets but not the
third set. In the figure given below, the area in red is the intersection of only two sets.

Total Gadha
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by padmaselvan lakshman - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 07:38 PM

hi TG,
Thanx a lot for such a wonderful article.. U have made maxima and minima look a lot more easier through this article..
as suggested earlier, pls give us a quiz on Venn Diag for practice..
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hi TG,
the thing is...u said that the intersection can take a maximum surplus of 100%
but, why isnt it more than 100?

if the 3 shaded portions are a,b,c . then what if a+b = 100%(i.e., all the contents of the first
circle are in the shaded part) and c>0?

Regards,
Kishore.
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by the underdog - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 08:12 PM

"we are not worthy" "we are not worthy"*

* from the movie "Wayne's World"

hehe.. thanks TG!
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by Akon Convict - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 08:32 PM

Thank U very much TG.....
God Bless You
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Hi Kishore,

How can something be more than 100%? If I have given you 10 boys at most can you have
more than 10 boys combining all the areas?

Total Gadha
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by Crazy CAT - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 08:49 PM

Thanx a tonne Tg ,
It was worth waiting for such a long time for this article.
one request Sir ,plz give some tips like this on functions and graph article also.
Regards

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a topic on cubes also please.....
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by the underdog - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 09:25 PM

+1 Gullz Golu
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Help me in the following problem TG
All students in a class of 100 attended a summer camp. Each student had the option of
enrolling for coaching in atmost 3 namely Football, Cricket and hockey.
a students had enrolled for hockey
b for football
c for cricket
Also d students had enrolled for eactly 1 sport, e for exactly 2, f for exactly 3 and g
students had not enrolled for any of the three sports.
Q1 If d>e>f and c is less than a as well as b, what is the maximum possible value of c?
Q2 If a,b,c,d,e,f and g are all distinct the minimum possible no. of students who
enrolled for atleast 1 sport is ?
Q2 If a is less than b as well as c, the no. of students who enrolled only for hockey is ?
Please Help....
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TG

seems i made some horrible interpretations then
thought A ,B,C are 100% each

what i find is the thrice intersected part(part common to all the circles) is counted thrice and
(AnB) (BnC)(CnA)
are counted twice

coming to the problem,

so the surplus 108% should be distributed in the following way

x+2y = 108% ( where x is the intersection of 2 circles n y is common to three)

my problem is , i could not get how x+y = 100%...do u mean to say that the elements
belonging to ONLY A, B,C are all zero and every element lies in the intersection parts?

Regards,
Kishore.
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Kishore,
See if this is clear:
Say all students = 100 % in terms of equation a1+a2+a3=100 and we have
a1+2a2+3a3=208. Subtract the above 2 equations we haave a2+2a3=108 now a3 should
be minimum 8 and a2 maximum 92 i.e. 92+2*8=108 see now a1+a2+a3 = 100 is
maintained. Also a3 max= 54 in this case a2=0 and a1 will take 46. Is it a bit clear
now?
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by Top CAT - Tuesday, 18 September 2007, 11:09 PM

Exhaustive yet Simple
that,s ur trademark.....
that's what we all like about this site...
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by Abhi S - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 02:21 AM

nw iv gone mad...i thot u r lost somewhere...bt u...bt u came wid a bang....
thnx TG sir.....
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by Abhi S - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 02:23 AM

nw plz...u may hav a rest....let us hav a sip f d same caffiene....take care TG sir...
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by anand pani - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 08:17 AM

great
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by kishore ayyadevara - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 10:40 AM

Thank You Gullz
it's clear now...i was having problems with interpreting the assumptions

and thanks TG for this useful article
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by Gul Gul - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 10:46 AM

Thanks to TG....
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by dinesh munna - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 12:41 PM

Sir...I am sorry but this article was not exactly what i expected.I was expecting you to put sum
fundaes on solving problems like the one just posted here by sum guy.Pls luk into it and fit ur
solution into that.thanq
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by Total Gadha - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 01:22 PM

Hi Dinesh,

Unfortunately, I am not preparing you for a Math Olympiad but CAT only. Have a look at the
Venn diagram problem that came in CAT 2006:

A survey was conducted of 100 people to find out whether they had read recent issues of
Golmal, a monthly magazine. The summarized information regarding readership in 3 months
is given below: Only September: 18, September but not August: 23, September and July: 28,
September: 28, July: 48, July and August: 10, None of the three months: 24.

What is the number of surveyed people who have read exactly two consecutive issues (out of
the three)?
(1) 7 (2) 9 (3) 12 (4) 14 (5) 17

The article already has question that came in previous CAT papers. There has been no
mention of even maxima or minima in CAT.

I sincerely believe that this is all that you need to know to tackle Venn diagram problems in
CAT.

As for the fundas for solving problems like the one posted here, I can solve it through the
fundas mentioned in the article only.

Total Gadha
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by Tom Goel - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 01:30 PM

I know what we can say in respect of TG falls very short of what he deserves...a word
of thanks for TG not from the keyboard but from heart.
Thanks a lot and keep the good work going.......
+1 regrading article on cubes ;)

Amit Goel
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by Total Gadha - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 01:46 PM

Hi Tom,

Let me try. I can certainly imagine the hours on 'paint' I will have to spend to draw images
of cubes

Total Gadha
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by Gul Gul - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 02:06 PM

TG
PLZ help out in the question posted i was able to crack half questions in that set but the
rest half posted is posing some problem. Plz help so that i can be completely confident
in this topic..
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by ravi kumar - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 03:06 PM

TG

I feel ashamed to learn so much from you for free. Give me your address I want to send you
some gurudakshina. Also feel sorry for ppl who are not gadhas yet

best regards

Ravi Kumar
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by jitendra havaldar - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 04:37 PM

Hi TG,
In the problem of cars having ACs,power windows(PW),radio(R) i didn't understand
the way you have splitted the radio and the power windows part by taking (4-3) = 1 in
the area common to both R & PW ...
It would really be great if you take some time to explain this ..any help from anyone is
also welcome on this....

Thanks.
Jitendra
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by Abhishek Deb - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 04:49 PM

Hi TG,
I wanted to know one thing that u said that "minimum values of the students following three activities
will be 54% max in drama, arts ques.. I wanted to know then what will be the min of all the ppl having
two activities interest.... will it be 54%....?If not then how to solve it......
Abhishek.

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by Nitin Jain - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 05:14 PM

Hello TG
Please clarify my doubt. You said that there are two cases for solving maxima and
minima problems. In the former the total no of elements are fixed and in the latter the
total no of elements are not fixed. I guess total no of elements imply AUBUC? Because
in the last question of CAT interviewers , total no of elements are fixed i.e 210.Then
how can we classify the question to fall under fixed elements or not?

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by sun is here - Wednesday, 19 September 2007, 09:04 PM

HI TG ,
A survey was conducted of 100 people to find out whether they had read recent
issues of Golmal, a monthly magazine. The summarized information regarding readership in 3
months is given below: Only September: 18, September but not August: 23, September and
July: 28, September: 28, July: 48, July and August: 10, None of the three months: 24.

What is the number of surveyed people who have read exactly two consecutive issues (out of
the three)?
(1) 7 (2) 9 (3) 12 (4) 14 (5) 17

iam not able to solve this problem please throw some light on it

Thanks
Sun
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by Total Gadha - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 01:02 AM

Hi Gullz,

lease give me the options. I calculated highest value of c as 48% assuming some values but I
do not know if you need answer in terms of a, b, d, e, f or otherwise.

Total Gadha
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by Mou Sukoshi - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 01:07 AM

A survey was conducted of 100 people to find out whether they had read recent issues
of Golmal, a monthly magazine. The summarized information regarding readership in 3
months is given below: Only September: 18, September but not August: 23, September
and July: 28, September: 28, July: 48, July and August: 10, None of the three months:
24.

What is the number of surveyed people who have read exactly two consecutive issues
(out of the three)?
(1) 7 (2) 9 (3) 12 (4) 14 (5) 17
are these figures correct??
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by R V - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 07:47 AM

Hi Gullz how did you get the equation a1+2a2+3a3=108?? Could you please explain.
Thank you
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by Gul Gul - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 09:37 AM

TG m so sorry i didnt write the options....I m in office and i forgot 2 bring the paper in
which the question was given i will definitely post it in the evening... But i remember
the options for following question
Q2 If a,b,c,d,e,f and g are all distinct the minimum possible no. of students who
enrolled for atleast 1 sport is ? a) 9 b)12 c) 15 d) none
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by Gul Gul - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 09:41 AM

R V
a1 only 1
a2 exactly 2
a3 exactly 3
when you add all a2 is added twice and a3 thrice see a venn diagram for 3 circles u will
get it..
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by Total Gadha - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 10:17 AM

Hi Sun is here,

The options to this CAT 2006 question are NOT correct. This was one of the two questions in
CAT 2006 that was wrong.

Total Gadha
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by Mohit Goyal - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 10:31 AM

Hi TG.

Wonderful Attempt to unearth the Concepts of venn Dig !! I have some very interesting sets
on Venn dig and will shortly post them but only if you promise to reply me after solving cause i
have posted 2 queries earlier n dint get ne reply....I am not a regular user of TG.com but i
really believe that you are doing a Noble Job Sir....Hats Off ...

Mohit
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by SS VV - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 10:57 AM

knew you were taking a while since u had to write it up to your standard which is
excellent :>:>
you rock!!
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by gourav kalra - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 01:24 PM

Hey..lovely article...any word of praise wud be less...
u really rock...am impressed... )
god bless u!!
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by Total Gadha - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 02:43 PM

Hi Mohit,

I will certainly reply to you. Do post your problems.

Total Gadha
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by Nitin Jain - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 03:12 PM

Hi TG
Pls reply to my post also given above.
Thanks

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by Arun Prasad G - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 03:18 PM

TG, it is regarding this problem of apples, bananas and cherries.
x + 2y = 125%, where x + y 9s 100%. For minimum value of y, we need maximum value of x.
> x = 75%, y = 25%.
I understand this. But after solving this, I wanted to fit this back into the venn diagrams and I am
totally confused. For example,
I wrote AnBnC as 25, and AnB excluding C as 75, BnC excluding A as 75 and so on. Now I am trying to
find only apples, only banana's and only cherries. I am not able to get it fully as I am not getting 100%
after writing individual percentages. Please explain this to me.
Also I have posted a query on your "How to find the Units Digit of a Number?" . Please respond tp that
also.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR WONDERFUL CONTRIBUTION TO ALL ASPIRANTS. ITS FANTASTIC
TO READ EACH AND EVERY ARTICLE OF YOURS.

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by rishi sawla - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 03:41 PM

Hey Arun,
I think Sum of AnB excluding C , BnC excluding A and AnC excluding B is 75.
Not individually.

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by ravi teja - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 05:03 PM

hai gulz,
i was not able to solve even a single question in the set u mentioned.can u pass the
answer to me too if u get it please.if needed i can provide the options too.
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by neelakanta siva - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 05:20 PM

for GOLU'S question ,
only hockey+only football+only cricket > both H & C and not F +both C & Fand not
H+both F &
Hand not C > ALL THREE
means H only + F only + C only > intersection of 2 only > intersection of 3
we can take intersection of 3 as 0
now intersection of 2 games only can take a max value of 49, then only the other
remaining part can be 51 and be greater.
49 can be alloted to the intersection of H and C only as we have to max cricket (C)
then intersection of F&C Xonly= 0
intersection of F&H Xonly=0
the remaining part can take 51 which should be divided as 16+17+18 and the 16 should
be alloted to cricket(C) and 17 and 18 can be alloted to only F and only H. This is becz
of the condition (C has to be less than A and B)
SO 0+0+49+16 = 65 IS THE MAX VALUE CRICKET CAN TAKE

PART 2 &3 OF THE Q IS NOT COMPLETE

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by Total Gadha - Thursday, 20 September 2007, 07:46 PM

Hi Nitin,

In the previous sets, it has been mentioned that every student follows at least one activity.
This kind of statement is critical to determine that AUBUC is fixed. Even if the total number of
students/people etc. are given, if it is not given that every person belongs to at least one
category, AUBUC is not fixed.

Total Gadha
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by R V - Friday, 21 September 2007, 08:09 AM

hi Gullz, thanks for the explanation. i understood it.
RV

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by Gul Gul - Friday, 21 September 2007, 09:04 AM

TG so sorry yesterday net was nt working at my place...,here r d options
If d>e>f and c is less than a as well as b, what is the maximum possible value of c?
Options a) 63 b)64 c)65 d)66 e) none
If a,b,c,d,e,f and g are all distinct the minimum possible no. of students who enrolled
for atleast 1 sport is ? a)9 b)10 c)11 d) 13 e) none
If a is less than b as well as c, the no. of students who enrolled only for hockey is ? a)
32 b) 48 c) 49 d) 50 e) none
Answers are c, e, c respectively......I hav 2 go 4 a full day training

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by sonal singh - Friday, 21 September 2007, 11:21 AM

hello Tg
Thanks for such a wonderful article.
Please explain how did u get 4-3 =1 for the following.and 15 had air conditioning specify all the
elements in B or Only B

survey on a sample of 25 new cars being sold at a local auto dealer was conducted to see which of the
three popular options air conditioning, radio and power windows were already installed. The
survey found:
15 had air conditioning
2 had air conditioning and power windows but no radios
12 had radio
6 had air conditioning and radio but no power windows
11 had power windows
4 had radio and power windows
3 had all three options.
What is the number of cars that had none of the options? (CAT 2003)
1. 4 2. 3 3. 1 4.
2
Answer: We make the Venn diagram and start filling the areas as shown:

Total Number of cars according to the diagram = 2 + 6 + 3 + 1 + 5 + 2 + 4 = 23.
Therefore, number of cars having none of the given options = 25 23 = 2.
thanks
sonal
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by Sumit Singla - Friday, 21 September 2007, 09:04 PM

Thanks for the brilliant article TG... Something that I solved mostly by hit and trial has been
made simple enough to be solved verbally! YOU ROCK!!
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by Saurabh Goyal - Friday, 21 September 2007, 11:46 PM

Hi Tg,
Found ur Venn diagram topic very helpful, but still getting ques with more difficulty...
I am facing problem in getting the logic of the question mentioned below..

Q. In a town 70% of the persons suffer from disease A, 80% from disease B, 75% from C and
85% from disease D and "P%" from all the four diseases. Find the minimum value of P.

i tried this ques by the above mentioned funda in your post, but not getting any where with
the logic. will it be 200% of surplus now?as the common 1 between all four fields will be
increased by 1 in comparison to 3 fields???

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by Total Gadha - Saturday, 22 September 2007, 11:50 AM

Hi Saurabh,

A + B + C + D = 310%. Therefore, surplus = 210%. Now, the intersection of 4 sets can
accommodate a surplus of 3 per element. The intersection of 3 sets can accommodate a
surplus of 2 per element. The maximum surplus it can accommodate is 2 100% = 200%.
The surplus of 10% would be left. Now you can decrease intersection of two sets and shift the
decreased amount in the intersection of 3 sets. Going by this manner, you can quickly obtain
that if you keep 90% in intersection of 2 sets and 10% in the intersection of 3 sets, the surplus
accommodated = 90 2 + 10 3 = 210%.

Therefore, the minimum value of P = 10%. The maximum will be when P accommodates all
the surplus. Therefore, maximum value = 210/3 = 70%
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by nitin verma - Monday, 24 September 2007, 03:39 PM

Hi TG,
I like this site very much. I thank you for entertaining my request of explaining my
doubt. I am very much thankful to you. YOur explanation is fantastic and easy to grasp.
You wont believe before i struggled hard to understand the concept but could not, but
your docile explanation is so clear that any sane person can grasp it. Thank you very
much. I will come back to you with more such request. You are helping cat aspirants in
a big way.
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by Gul Gul - Tuesday, 25 September 2007, 08:52 AM

TG options r given now.........
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by Total Gadha - Tuesday, 25 September 2007, 11:31 AM

Hi Gullz,

Have taken the printout of your question. Let me have a go at it.

Total Gadha
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by Abhra Chatterjee - Wednesday, 26 September 2007, 06:14 PM

A too good article........

Thanks a lot TG
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by amit sharma - Thursday, 27 September 2007, 02:28 AM

Hi TG
It was a goog article but i have one query
In the above que we escape the intersection of 2 set which can accomodate 1 surplus
per element and if we considder it then min value of P=0 .
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by abc abc - Thursday, 27 September 2007, 01:56 PM

Thanks a ton for this one !!!!!!
This topic has not figured at length in most of the notes available to students !!!!
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by shinjini mondal - Saturday, 29 September 2007, 11:09 PM

hi TG
nice article,esp liked maxima minima application in it.and please do add for combination of
four sets.
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by sweta x - Sunday, 30 September 2007, 08:42 PM

Cities.doc
Hi TG ,
I've been following your forum since long now ....And I must say thank you for all the sincere
effort put into making MBA prep easier for all of us.

I have a doubt regarding the venn diagrams article .....
Had a problem on similar lines in Mock CAT 6 of time and tried using the funda ,( it was a
problem with 5 sets of data overlapping) , so I think I might not have understood the problem
properly.

Attached is the problem and my approach ....

I'd be very gr8ful if u could tell me whats wrong with my approach !!!!!!!!!!!!
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by pranav tendolkar - Sunday, 30 September 2007, 11:13 PM

reeeeeeeeeeaaaallly very goood,

can u explain same things in case of 4 or 5 circle venn diagrams... is there any
theoretical way other than drawing venn diagram as higher diagrams are complex

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by Alpa dedhia - Monday, 1 October 2007, 10:23 AM

Hi sweta,
for the first question i have simply taken the least number of people in each cities who can opt
for all the qualities .
so the no is 26+25+26+18+15+29 = 139

for the second question .. is 37 the answer .. please let me knw..

regards
Alpa
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by ran for_cat - Tuesday, 2 October 2007, 12:35 PM

for the 1st one
a+b+c-e-2f+g=100
also d+e+f+g =100
now a+b+c = 100+e+2f-g
so e+2f+-g should be max...
now d+e+f+g =100 and d>e>f ==> for e and f to be as max as possible e should be 32
and f is 33...(g=0 and f=35)
so a+b+c =100+32+66=198
so for a>c and b>c c can have a max value of 65 here.

for the 2nd question:
a+b+c-e-2f+g=100
d+e+f+g =100
keep d=0 ==> we can check for any arbitary values of e f and g that the distinct values
are possible
e+f+g =100 or g=1 e=50 f=49
a+b+c =100 -1 +50+49=198
a b c can have different values here as well.

for the 3rd question b>a and c>a
==> let say b and c constitutes the same elements in that case the max possible value of
a is 49.where a contains all the elements distinct from b and c
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by Uthay Mathi - Tuesday, 2 October 2007, 05:21 PM

This is a cool stuff dear TG.
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by lavika gupta - Wednesday, 3 October 2007, 04:26 PM

hi tg.pls post some text on functions,maxima and minima
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by sweta x - Wednesday, 3 October 2007, 11:34 PM

Hey Alpha,
U got it right
how did u solve the second one (37)
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by Kumar M - Wednesday, 3 October 2007, 11:51 PM

Hi TG
In the first exampe problem of maxima & minima u have mentioned "As the
intersection of only two sets can accommodate only a surplus of 100%".How it can be
only 100%
why cant we accommadate the suplus of 110% as follows?
only Apple and Banana = 30%;only apple and cherry = 40%; only Banana and
Cherry = 40% remaining 5 can be only Banana.
Can we minimise the only three part as i explained. Please help me....
Thanks & Regards,
CM

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by Varun Choudhary - Thursday, 4 October 2007, 11:59 AM

Kudos Sir.............
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by sgx100 Online - Saturday, 6 October 2007, 07:04 AM

TG Sir

Mindblowing article
Absolutely terrific !!!

Thnx a lot

Sir
if u can help with one article on Graphs (linear,quadratic,modulus...)
it wud be really helpful to all of us

Thanking You
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by ashish tyagi - Saturday, 6 October 2007, 11:20 AM

really a very gud article t g sir,
i have a problem pls solve it........

1 A survey was conducted on the eating habits of a group of 1000 people .results show that
92% of the people surveyed eat south Indian food, 91% eat north Indian food,82% eat
American food , 78% eat Chinese food, 79% eat italin food and 80% eat continental food.
What must be the minimum no. of people who eat all the 6 type of food, if 7 people do not
eat any of the 6 types of food?

A:0 B:13 c:27 D:55
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by shriram samant - Saturday, 6 October 2007, 05:10 PM

fantastic...
mindblowing...
superb....
thanks TG.... Total Genius.....
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by Ankush Keshwani - Sunday, 7 October 2007, 05:52 PM

A very good explanation.
Thanks a lot!!
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by Abhra Chatterjee - Thursday, 11 October 2007, 10:19 AM

Hi TG,

I am not able to solve this question properly:
A survey about Tv viewership was conducted on 100 respondents. The results are,
93 liked sony,89 liked Zee, 81 liked Stratv, 75 liked zee cinema, 78 like Mtv.
1 did not like any of the above.
Find the minimum number of people liking all the the 5 channels.
I will tell you the approach that I followed. Please correct me where I am going wrong.
The total number of people watching any of these channels = (100-1)=99(I don't watch any).
Now the surplus = [(93+89+81+75+78) - 99] = 317. Now for every increase in the number of
viewers watching two channels, there is actually a 20% increase from the initial (I am not sure
whether we have to consider all the 5 combinations or not). Then for every increase in the
number of people watching 3 channels, there is a resultant increase of [8-5]/5 = 60% (Here
also are we to consider the total number of combinations possible). Again for every increase
in the number of people watching 4 channels, the resultant increase = [9-5]/5 = 80%.
Now here I consider the combinations of groups possible for each of these groups:
2 channel groups = 5.
So the surplus we have been able to cover till now = (100+180+160) = 340. So there need not
be any people watching all the five channels.

I am not at all confident of the answer arrived at.
Somebody Please help !!!!
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by Prasad L - Saturday, 13 October 2007, 12:01 PM

TG Sir,
I have no words to describe the amazing work you are doing ......
BTW, the TIME material also has some quick methods to crack the venn diagrams.
Hope the TG users make use of that as well... ATB!
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by Mou Sukoshi - Monday, 15 October 2007, 01:05 PM

hi ashish.....
A survey was conducted on the eating habits of a group of 1000 people .results show
that 92% of the people surveyed eat south Indian food, 91% eat north Indian food,82%
eat American food , 78% eat Chinese food, 79% eat italin food and 80% eat continental
food. What must be the minimum no. of people who eat all the 6 type of food, if 7
people do not eat any of the 6 types of food?

A:0 B:13 c:27 D:55
ppl having south indian food = 920
ppl having north indian food = 910
ppl having American food = 820
ppl having Chinese food = 780
ppl having Italian food = 790
ppl having Continental food = 800
hence, total= 920 + 910 + 820 + 780 + 790 + 800 = 5020

Of the 1000 ppl, 7 dont like any of the 6 types.
Remaining = 1000 -7 = 993

Surplus = 5020 - 993 (Becoz 7 ppl dont like any of the 6 types of
food)
= 4027

Accomodating the surplus in the portions of 5 intersecting groups,
we can have at most 993 * 4 = 3972 ppl surplus.
Remaining surplus to be accomodated in the portion where all 6
groups intersect = 4027 -3972 = 55
Hence, answer (D)55..........

Plz let me know if i am correct.......
Thnx........
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by Rishi Kapoor - Wednesday, 17 October 2007, 07:02 AM

Hi Abhra...
The answer is atleast 20 people watch all 5 channels...
For solutiuon, see the above post
...RK...
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by manjari malpani - Friday, 19 October 2007, 01:37 PM

hi

the article is awesome !!!!! thanks ....n ashish is the answer to ur question 27 ?option c
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by Ajay ..... - Thursday, 8 November 2007, 11:49 PM

hi somporna
can u explain why did u accomadated persons in 5 intersecting group and why not in 1 2 3 4
one's means u r assuming those to be Zero ???

Plz do explain.otherwise u are absolutely correct..
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by the terminator - Monday, 12 November 2007, 05:57 PM

@ dinesh munna
hey if u urself cant post somethg useful let others do it and by d way donno y u r so critical abt
the article. and can u u plz explain wat u mean by ur so called "FUNDAS". think before u write.
before this how many useful posts u hav put up???
nothing personal but be careful wat u write.
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by the underdog - Tuesday, 13 November 2007, 10:56 AM

Hi TG,

I don't think the CAT 2006 question (July-Sept-August) is wrong. Its asking for those who read
consecutive issues: July-August and August-September

July-August: 7
August-September: 2

So answer is 9.

Or else I have misunderstood the question.
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by Bharat Suri - Tuesday, 13 November 2007, 09:38 PM

sir shouldnt maximum value ,regarding the example given by u about the college students, be
57% and NOT 54% ie the maximum value for the students to take all the 3 fields as all the arts
ppl can take the other two as well .
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by Mou Sukoshi - Friday, 16 November 2007, 12:13 PM

hi ajay
look closely thru TG's article......
we move to 2 intersecting grps only when we are unable to accomodate within non-
intersecting portions......
similarly, we move to 3 intersecting grps only when we are unable to accomodate
within 2 intersecting grps........
like in the prob, we move the surplus to gps where all intersect only when we cannot
accomodate them within 5 intersecting grps........
so we have already considered smaller intersecting grps before moving on to the higher
number of intersecting grps......
i suggest u draw a diag as it will help u to understand the accomodation of the surplus
better........

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by Mou Sukoshi - Friday, 16 November 2007, 12:15 PM

hi ajay
look closely thru TG's article......
we move to 2 intersecting grps only when we are unable to accomodate within non-
intersecting portions......
similarly, we move to 3 intersecting grps only when we are unable to accomodate
within 2 intersecting grps........
like in the prob, we move the surplus to gps where all intersect only when we cannot
accomodate them within 5 intersecting grps........
so we have already considered smaller intersecting grps before moving on to the higher
number of intersecting grps......
i suggest u draw a diag as it will help u to understand the accomodation of the surplus
better........

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by yash modi - Wednesday, 4 June 2008, 10:57 PM

a big thank u to tg sir,

brilliantly explained concepts ...thanks a ton sir...better than any coaching you can
get..thanks again;;
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by Divyasha Ray - Tuesday, 24 June 2008, 05:26 PM

Hi TG sir
Can u please help me with this particular question???
A survey was conducted in a community of 350 people regarding three games - Chess ,Carrom
and Chinese Checkers. The Following information is obtained in the survey.
(i) Thrice the no. of people who play all the three games is equal to the no. of people
who Chinese Checkers .

(ii) The no. of people who play Chinese Checkers and Carrom is equal to the no. of people who
play Chess only

(iii) In every three people who play Chess and Chinese Checkers only, there are five people
who play none of the three games.

(iv) In every seven people who play Chinese Checkers, four people play Carrom also.

(v) For every four people who play exactly two games,there is one person who plays Carrom
and Chinese Checkers only and two persons who play none of the three games

Questions:
1. How many people play exactly two games?
2. How many people play Chess but not Carrom?
3. How many people do not play Chinese Checkers?
4.How many people play Chess or Carrom

Divyasha
Edit | De
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by abhinav tripathi - Thursday, 26 June 2008, 11:21 AM

TG you rock man.....!!!!
venn diagrams were always a matter of concern for me........you freed me ............!!!
thanks a lot....
waiting for an article on graphs.......
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by shubham singh - Thursday, 3 July 2008, 02:26 PM

tg u just great!!!
initially i was so scared of venn diagram n maxima n minima but now after going thru
ur article ,m much relieved...thanku
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by Mou Sukoshi - Friday, 4 July 2008, 11:13 AM
@ Divyasha
There shd be one more condition for the Carrom Only portion. All the other sections
can be expressed in terms of a single variable. Plz check the prob.
Somparna
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by A S - Monday, 7 July 2008, 09:48 AM

hi tg,
This is the first time I am writing in this forum. And before everything else i want to
say that you are simply great!! I got to find your website 2 months back, and you know
what, within this short timespan my confidence and grip over quant. part have
increased tremendously. I wrote CAT in 2006, and needless to say it was pathetic .
This year I am going to write it more confidently. And one day I'll join you to help
students...at least thats what I dream today..
Anyway, lets come to the business!!! I understand the way you have presented the
maxima and minima using Venn diagram..but I think it can be simplified to further
extent. I discovered this when I was at Class 12 and used it confidently without any
hiccup. Hope this will help others too. Please let me know your valuable input on the
same.
Let X = Elements having only A or only B or only C
Y = Elements having two elements exactly.
Z = Elements common with all three elements (intersection of all three sets)
So, we'll always be given,
(X + 2Y + 3Z)
(X + Y + Z) = 100 %
We generally have to find min or max of Z.
That can easily be done by adjusting X or Y.
Let's take this example:
"In a college, where every student follows at least one of the three activities- drama,
sports, or arts- 65% follow drama, 86% follow sports, and 57% follow arts. What can
be the maximum and minimum percentage of students who follow
all three activities
exactly two activities"
(X + 2Y + 3Z) = 208%
(X + Y + Z) = 100%
[If Z has to be fixed (be min or max) either X or Y has to be zero (they can not be
negative, remember). Now who will correspond to max and who to min - only question.
If X = 0, Y + Z will 'eat away' maximum Z, leaving small Z. So it will be used to
calculate min Z. Vice-versa.]
In this case,
for min Z, X = 0%
=> Z = 8%, X = 0%, Y = 92%
for max Z, Y = 0%
=> Z = 54%, X = 46% and Y = 0%
It may seem to very lengthy process, but practically very small and easy to understand.
Sorry for posting such a long and boring mail. But I got the chance to communicate
with you and could not resist myself...sorry again!!
Abhishek
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by Total Gadha - Monday, 7 July 2008, 12:42 PM

Hi Abhishek,

Welcome to the gadha gang.

Thank you for the method. I will try it out and check. And good luck to you or your CAT. As for
helping students, you are more than welcome. We can certainly do with some more hands.

Total Gadha
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by dibyaranjan mallick - Tuesday, 8 July 2008, 01:08 AM

416 will be the total...
416 - 99 = 317 be the surplus
3x + 4y = 317, x + y = 100% max i.e. 99
so, y = 317 - 99*3 = 20. (ans)
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by dibyaranjan mallick - Tuesday, 8 July 2008, 01:20 AM

yaar it's the same thing as written in this article.

(X + 2Y + 3Z) = 208%
(X + Y + Z) = 100%
---------------------- deduct
y + z = 108%

and that's what this article explains
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by Prashant Kumar - Tuesday, 8 July 2008, 08:36 AM

Hello TG,
It really very tailor made informaion for CAT.But tell me one thing
In the section "When the total number of elements is NOT fixed " .We have 210 interviews in
IIM A.So cant we take this problem in the same way as calculating the surplus (105+56+50-
210=1).But the solution comes out to be spurious using this.Please help me
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by A S - Tuesday, 8 July 2008, 10:59 AM

Hey dibya, of course it will give the same answer and will eventually form same
equations..what i mean to say that in stead of the process 'injecting' one element in common
area, i find it easier to calculate them in this algebraic method..I am not giving a brand new
theory..just another perspective of looking at this kind of problem.
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by Rajat Vashishta - Sunday, 13 July 2008, 12:34 AM

Thanks TG for a great article. it was really useful.
this is a question from one of the AIMCATs. I found it really tough to solve..please guide.

Q. In a group of 100 students, each student has to opt for one or more of the 3 subjects
among Physics, Chem and Maths. The number of students opting for maths is more than that
of physics which in turn is more than that of chem, which in turn, is more than the no of
students opting for exactly 2 of the 3 subjects, which in turn, is more than the no of students
opting for all the 3 subjects. It is also said that at least one student opted for all the 3 subjects.

1. Max no of students opting for chem:?
a)72 b)79 c)80 d)81 e)None of these

2. Min no of students opting for maths:?
a)38 b)37 c)36 d)35 e)34

3. If exactly half the students opted for maths, what is the max no of students who opted for
all the three subjects?
a)15 b)16 c)17 d)18 e)19

4. Max no of students who opted for only physics:?
a)33 b)50 c)49 d)48 e)52

5. Max no of students who opted for physics and chem but not maths:?
a)47 b)48 c)49 d)50 e)51
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by Rajat Vashishta - Sunday, 13 July 2008, 12:43 AM

"49 can be alloted to the intersection of H and C only as we have to max cricket (C)"..how?
if we do that won't c become greater than b? the q says c
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by mohan chandra - Wednesday, 16 July 2008, 12:07 AM

Hi,

Could you please guide me to solve this problem of Chinese checkers.

Regards,
Mohan
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by Amey Panke - Wednesday, 16 July 2008, 01:49 AM

thank you TG sir..........
the concepts are of great help.....
u rock sir!!!!!!!
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by ashish jain - Thursday, 17 July 2008, 03:09 AM

Hello TG sir,

Following the same question which Nitin Jain has asked above, I still have doubt regarding the
classification of problems into Fixed and Non-Fixed category.

In your answer above, did you mean that if it is not given that every person belongs to at least
one category , then there may be some persons who doesn't belong to any category and
hence AUBUC is not fixed ?

Can you explain this classification in detail please ?

Thanks and Regards,
Ashish
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by inderpreet makkar - Thursday, 17 July 2008, 03:11 AM

Hello TG Sir
I dint get the concept of x+y and x+2y clearly...can u pls help me wit hthe same...
Regards
Inder
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by inderpreet makkar - Thursday, 17 July 2008, 03:29 AM

Hi
Understood the logic u gave to Kishore...thnx for the same..dint get the last part though, how could u say
that the maximum could be 92 abd minm beibg 8...its beyond my comprehension presently..would
appreciate if u can help me wid that..
Rgds
Inder
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by Riyaz Iqbal - Tuesday, 22 July 2008, 09:30 AM

Hi TG,
I'm impressed ! Again !! Thanks for your quality conceptual lesssons. I've a question
about the Drama,Arts,Sports question. Since the least percentage given is 57% why can't we
just include 57 to the intersection of all three areas and adjust the remaining values? Leave
the areas of intersection of exactly two sets empty(which gives the minima of zero for that
area,as you've already proved) and put 57 in the intersection of all three areas.Again zero for
'only arts', 8 for 'only drama' and 29 for 'only sports'. It seems this satisfies all the
conditions(Am I missing something?). So, shouldn't the max value be 57 instead of 54? Please
clarify.
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by Riyaz Iqbal - Tuesday, 22 July 2008, 05:46 PM

Sorry, TG.I found the fallacy in my argument. The total percentage doesn't add up to 100 in
the case proposed by me.
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by Adithya G - Wednesday, 23 July 2008, 09:03 AM

Hi TG, Nice stuff..very much impressed with the quality and simplicity.
I would like add one more technique about minima when total number is fixed or when total
number can be
found out.. I ll explain throughthe same examples illustrated above.

1.According to a survey, at least 70% of people like apples, at least 75% like bananas and at
least 80% like cherries.
What is the minimum percentage of people who like all three?

Ans: for min of all three= 100-((100-70)+(100-75)+(100-80))
=>100-(30+25+20)=100-75=25
2.In a college, where every student follows at least one of the three activities- drama, sports,
or arts-
65% follow drama, 86% follow sports, and 57% follow arts. What can be the maximum and
minimum percentage of students who follow
all three activities
exactly two activities

Ans:min For all three activities= 100-((100-65)+(100-86)+(100-57))
=>100-(35+14+43)=100-92=8%

max For exactly two=100-8=92%(since x+2y=100 and min of all three can be used)

Regards
Adi
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4 Set or Greater Venn diagrams
by devi prakash - Tuesday, 5 August 2008, 03:30 AM

Hi TG plz give some easier ways to solve 4 set or 6 set venn diagrams
Show parent | Reply

Re: 4 Set or Greater Venn diagrams
by Junglee Gadha - Friday, 12 September 2008, 05:34 PM

hi devi da...
please post your 4 set or 6 set venn diagrams problem...
Show parent | Reply

by amit amit - Wednesday, 17 September 2008, 08:34 PM

I am a avid reader of TG site. An I have to admit that the quality of stuff on this site is simply
great. In today's world where everything is commercialized, the way u r spreading knowledge
is simply unheard of. I work on Linux and cant help noticing the similarity between the
underlying theme of Linux and your endeavor. Knowledge is free and should be shared. You
are on something great TG. Keep up the good work. God Bless.
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by Total Gadha - Friday, 19 September 2008, 07:58 PM

Hi Amit,

Thank you.

Total Gadha
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by Saurabh Mishra - Saturday, 20 September 2008, 11:54 AM

Venn diagrams involving maxima and minima have always been my nemesis.
This post really helped a lot.
Would be really gre8 if we could get some more practice questions or samples.
Nevertheless, a great post
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by srini vaas - Saturday, 20 September 2008, 04:47 PM

Hey TG,
Amazin article...
Jus one doubt..
wats ur real name???
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by sathyan sadagopan - Monday, 22 September 2008, 04:34 AM

hi TG,
A small clarification,
in d above explanation,

Going by this manner, you can quickly obtain that if you keep 90% in intersection of 2 sets and
10% in the intersection of 3 sets, the surplus accommodated = 90 2 + 10 3 = 210%.

shouldn this be

Going by this manner, you can quickly obtain that if you keep 90% in intersection of 3 sets and
10% in the intersection of 4 sets, the surplus accommodated = 90 2 + 10 3 = 210%.

Show parent | Reply

by karan sobti - Tuesday, 23 September 2008, 10:56 PM

a very good article indeed.....but i need more problems & examples like these....

thanx
Show parent | Reply

by karan sobti - Tuesday, 23 September 2008, 10:57 PM

a very good article indeed.....but i need more problems & examples like these....

thanx
Show parent | Reply

by SHRESHTH ANAND - Wednesday, 24 September 2008, 02:13 AM

Hi TG,
Indeed it's a very nice article but I have some problems in handling Maxima and Minima
problems.
Say, If i have to find out the following things :

In a town people read five kinds of newspapers say A, B ,C,Dand E.
Say, 90% read paper A , 74% paper B , 80% paper C,65% paper D and 40% paper E.
Now if I have to find at most how many read exactly four out of five papers and exactly 3 out
of five.

And

at least how many read exactly four out of five papers and exactly 3 out of five.

How should I go about it?????

Kindly help

Regards
Shreshth Anand
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by Sreedevi PV - Wednesday, 24 September 2008, 06:58 PM

Hi TG,
Again Kudoooos. U rock.
Max&min funda was a bit confusing when i first read it. . Now its clear....and seems
like a real gem.
Question:According to a survey, at least 70% of people like apples, at least 75% like
bananas and at least 80% like cherries. What is the minimum percentage of people who
like all three?
To get the answer, I use a one-liner funda.Seems it works everytime. Hope its
useful.
Minimum Percentage of people who like all three= 80 (100-75)-(100-70) =25
Cheers!!
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by Rohit Pathak - Thursday, 25 September 2008, 10:54 AM

Hi Shreshth,
For at most how many read exactly 4 out of 5 papers the answer that i am getting is
83% and for at least how many read exactly 4 out of 5 i am getting 49% please let me
know if these are correct.
Thanks
Rohit
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by Aastha Chalana - Thursday, 25 September 2008, 03:20 PM

Hi,
This lesson was of great help, though small but important fundas.
In all i throughly enjoyed working on it!
Thanks.
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by Kosher InBlues - Thursday, 25 September 2008, 09:58 PM

HI TG
I am a new fan of yours , and i really like the way you present a topic
"to the point ",,,,,,
Thanks
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by LALIT MALIK - Wednesday, 8 October 2008, 05:36 AM

Hi
Can you tell why before adding the surplus to the intersection of the three sets we are
subracting the same amount from the intersection of only two sets like if the surplus is
108% then can't we represent the surplus in this manner - 100% is from intersection of
two sets only and 4% (which means surplus of 8%) from the intersection of three sets.
why we have take 8% out from the intersection of 2 sets and then add 8% to
intersection of three sets.
Kindly do reply

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by Neelesh Sethi - Monday, 27 October 2008, 12:58 AM

thnx sir for great topic,intersection of only two sets can accommodate only a surplus of 100%,is it
because intersection of 2 eta gives surplus of 1 element.So by that logic is it tht intersection of 3 sets
can accomodate 200%.by that logic intersection of n sets can accomodate n-1 % surplus.and also if any
1 knows line technique for such problems, plz explain.
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by shantanu rangaswami - Monday, 10 November 2008, 11:08 AM

hey ,,,,wass up,,,can u check sixth line from top of ur reply
.......d>e>f,,,nd g is 0shouldn't d=35 e=33 &f=32

....if m not wrong...

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by Sukanya Chowdhury - Friday, 19 December 2008, 12:32 AM

Hi Shreshth,
I'v also got the same answer..
At least 49% and at most 83% for those who read exactly four out of 5 papers .
@TG ,
Can yu please check whether it's right .n solve the other part of the qsn.
THanks .
Sukanya.
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by vikas sharma - Saturday, 21 February 2009, 11:35 AM

In a college, where every student follows at least one of the three activities- drama, sports, or arts-
65% follow drama, 86% follow sports, and 57% follow arts. What can be the maximum and minimum
percentage of students who follow
9- exactly two activities
Answer: Let us again see the surplus:
three sets. As the intersection of only two sets can accommodate only a surplus of 100%, the surplus of
8% will still be left. This surplus of 8% can be accommodated by adding elements to intersection of
three sets. For that we have to take 8% out of the intersection of only two sets and add it to
intersection of three sets. Therefore, the minimum percentage of people who like all three =
8%. In this case the percentage of students who follow exactly two activities will be
maximum = 92%.
who follow all three activities is 54%. In this case the percentage of students who follow
exactly two activities will be minimum = 0%.
We can also solve it mathematically x + 2y = 108%, where x + y 9s 100%. The maximum value of
x will give minimum value of y, whereas minimum value of x will give maximum value of y.

HI SRI KLR CAN U PLEASE EXPLAIN ME THIS AGAIN I DIDNT GET WHY 54% AND HOW ADDING IN
ONE ADD IN ALL .WAITING FOR REPLY
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by vikas sharma - Saturday, 21 February 2009, 11:46 AM

hi TG SIR
CAN U ELABORATE BELOW GIVEN AGAIN

In diagram 1, we have added 1 element to intersection of only two sets (A and B but not C). We can see
that A and B both increase by 1 and therefore we get a surplus of 1 element.
In diagram 2, we have added 1 element to intersection of all the three sets (A and B and C). We can
see that A, B and C all three increase by 1 element each and therefore we get a surplus of 2 elements.
Therefore, in case of three sets, we can accommodate the surplus by
9- adding elements to intersection of only two sets in which case a surplus of 1 element can
be accommodated by increase of 1 element in the intersection of only two sets.
9- adding elements to intersection of three sets in which case a surplus of 2 elements can be
accommodated by increase of 1 element in the intersection of three sets.

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by Ashish Sharma - Saturday, 25 April 2009, 09:26 AM

supercool
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by vakati babu - Sunday, 31 May 2009, 11:19 PM
There are 10 people learning A, 11 people learning B and 14 people learning C. The
number of people learning just one is 20. The number of people learning all three is 3.
How many people only learn two of three?

how to answer this /
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by William Wallace - Wednesday, 3 June 2009, 05:52 PM

Hi TG,

Kudos to u as it's really a wonderful article but i have some doubts related to that.

in 1st problem "According to a survey, at least 70% of people like apples, at least 75% like bananas
and at least 80% like cherries. What is the minimum percentage of people who like all three?" u said
surplus is 125 % and hence the minimum% of people who like all three is 25%

But in second problem "In a college, where every student follows at least one of the three activities-
drama, sports, or arts- 65% follow drama, 86% follow sports, and 57% follow arts. What can be the
maximum and minimum percentage of students who follow
9- exactly two activities"

who follow all three activities is 54%

My question is that shouldn't the answer in the 1st problem be 12.5 % rather 25% as is the case in the
second question?? I hope u get my doubt

Please answer this and clear this doubt.
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by William Wallace - Wednesday, 3 June 2009, 06:05 PM

Hi Vakati,

draw diagram , formulate equations and done ...Is ans 3???

a+d+f=7
b+d+e=8
f+e+c=11
a+b+c=20

to find d+f+c=(26-20)/2=3.

Sorry could't draw the diagram.
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by vikas yadav - Friday, 19 June 2009, 03:18 PM

@TargetIIM
Hi dude,
Please read the statements below carefully as mentioned by TG sir while explaining the same problem.
This surplus of 25% can be accommodated by adding elements to intersection of three sets. For that we have to take 25% out of the
intersection of only two sets and add it to intersection of three sets. Therefore, the minimum percentage of people who like all three = 25%.
So,actually v are taking out the elements from the intersections of two sets and putting them in all the 3 sets intersection space.This would
mean covering a surplus of 1 per element taken out from the sets of twin intersection.Hence,it would be 25% and not 12.5% dear.
I hope you got my explaination well.
Thanks
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by William Wallace - Friday, 3 July 2009, 02:28 PM

Thanks Vikas
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by Pragya dasgupta - Sunday, 12 July 2009, 07:30 PM

HEllo
Can Anyone help me ith this problem
Is there any Fixed process to solve this ype of problems.
in a job fair among 100 participants who attended the interview,the number of
participants who attended for company A is more than that of co. B is more than that of
C.The no of participants who attended interview of exactly one co. is more than that of
2,which in turn is more than that of 3.Among these 100 participants at least one person
attended the interview of all the 3 companies.
Q:What is the minimun possible no. of participants who attended the interview of co.
A?
a.36 b.38 c.37 d.40 e.48
Q.What is the max possible no of participants who attended the interview of co. C?
a.56 b.45 c.65 d.67 e.64

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by vivek ghiria - Sunday, 26 July 2009, 06:25 PM

Hi TG

I am going through lessons in this forum one by one.
I have one concern.
After going through a particular lesson, If few problems pertaining to that chapter will be
available, then it will help us a lot.
As of now, I have to search the problems related to that chapter in Quant-DI forum which take
bit extra time.

Thanks a lot for the lessons -
Vivek
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by Nitin Kumar - Thursday, 13 August 2009, 11:08 PM

Hi TG,
Que: In a class of 120 students, each student studies at least one of the subjects from H, E and M. 59
study H, 67 study E and 73 study M. 34 study M+H, 26 study E+M and 33 study H+E. Then find the
max and min number of students who study all the three subjects?
If I solve the question by drawing the venn diagram the max value I am getting as 26.
While if I solve this question in this way then I m getting rt ans.
total students - 120
surplus = 59+67+73-120=79
Total number of students study more than one sub = 34+33+26=93
b'coz surplus is 79 but being accomodated is 93, that's why max no. of students study more than 3
subjects is 93-79=14
Please let me know is this correct way of sloving this que.
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by ashu jain - Thursday, 17 September 2009, 01:04 PM

The problem that I am facing is that the lesson is given on solving the question based on
percentage but most of the time the question does not contain percentage but real numbers
where converting into percentage can be cumbersome.
Like this question given below:

Q)In a survey report, which was conducted in a club of 300 men, it was found that 100 men
use a products of brand A, 75 use the same products of brand B and 175 use the same
products of brand C. What is the maximum possible number of men using all the three
brands?

Here x+2y = 50.
What now???

I am not getting the hang of this thing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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by ROHIT K - Thursday, 17 September 2009, 03:05 PM

Hi ashu,

brands?

is the answer 200..?

Please check and revert back..

Rohit
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by Pallav Jain - Thursday, 17 September 2009, 05:08 PM

Hi All,
Can anyone please explain me how to approach this kind of
questions?
In a class of 30 students, there are 2 categories of students:
Liars: who always lie.
Truth Tellers: who always speak the truth.
These students make three different statements as follows :
Statement I :Seven of them say There are exactly 7 Liars in this
class
Statement II :Eight of them say There are exactly 8 Liars in this
class
Statement III :The rest of them say There are exactly 15 Liars in
this class.
How many Liars are there in the class ?
Options :-
a) 7 b) 8 c) 23 d) 22 e) 15
Thanks
Pallav
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The OA is 25.
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I think answer should be option e) 15.
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by ROHIT K - Thursday, 17 September 2009, 11:33 PM

Hi Ashu,

Sorry mate i made a big goof up ..

Anyways coming back to your question,

brands?

Ans:

Total Men=300
A=100, B=75, C=175

A+B+C=350

Surplus=350-300=50

Now how do we allocate this surplus 50 to maximize A^B^C..?

For each men allocated to A^B^C, we get surplus of 2.

Therefore for surplus of 50 we allocate 50/2=25 men to A^B^C.

Hence 25 is the Answer..

Please check if I am going wrong anywhere..

Hope this helps..
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by ashu jain - Saturday, 19 September 2009, 02:06 PM

thanks Rohit. you are right bro.
Show parent | Reply

by Suresh S - Monday, 21 September 2009, 12:04 PM

Hi sir .. its really helped me much sir
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by Rajat Vashishta - Tuesday, 20 October 2009, 11:02 AM

In the problem
"According to a survey, at least 70% of people like apples, at least 75% like bananas and at
least 80% like cherries. What is the minimum percentage of people who like all three? "

why do we have to include 25% in the intersection of 3 sets? Cant this no be 12.5%?? In that
case too, the intersection of 3 sets would consume a surplus of 25%, while the intersection of
2 would consume 100%. So the whole surplus of 125% would be accommodated.
Please tell me where i am wrong?
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by Rajat Vashishta - Tuesday, 20 October 2009, 03:05 PM

and vikas's explaination is not sufficient. why we are taking 25% from the twin set intersection
is because putting 25% in 3 set intersection would give us a surplus of 150% so we need to
lessen it from the 2 set intersection!
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by Total Gadha - Wednesday, 21 October 2009, 09:47 PM

Rajat,

100% se jyada quantity kahan se laoge? Agar number 100 hi honge to 100 se
jaayada kaise allocate karoge?

Total Gadha
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by Rajat Vashishta - Friday, 23 October 2009, 01:47 AM

extremely sorry for the silly doubt..
atleast it got cleared..
Sir,
can we have some questions on maxima n minima..a small set maybe? seems everytime i
think i've got this concept right, a new question pops up and baffles me!
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by Jayant Choudhary - Friday, 30 October 2009, 02:30 PM

TG sir,,

Here is a problem on Venn diagrams which is solvable using equations but when i apply ur
concept i get stuck.. can u please provide the explaination using ur method of surpluses!!!!

Half of a class of 200 students enrolled for exactly one of the three activities swimming,
skating and dancing. Total enrollments were 80 in swimming, 75 in skating and 60 in dancing
from the class. Number of students who enrolled for skating and swimming only was 10 more
than the number of students who enrolled for skating and dancing only.
Q 1 Find the maximum possible number of students who enrolled for exactly 2 activities?
Q 2 Find the minimum possible number of students who enrolled for at least one of the three
activities.

Please help me out!!!
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by Saravanar B - Sunday, 1 November 2009, 02:35 AM

Hi Jayant,
Total students enrolling for the classes = 200/2 = 100
Swimming+skating+dancing = 80 + 75 + 60 = 215
Surplus = 215 - 100 = 115
This 115 has to be accomodated in the "exactly two" and "exactly three" region..
As far as ques 1 is concerned the max for exactly 2 activities : it can accomodate 100
students ( as the total students we've is only 100 )
remaining 15 (i.e., 115-100 ) has to be accomodated in the exactly three region.... this 15 is
taken from exactly two region ( i.e., 100 - 15 = 85 ) and placed it in exactly three region..
so the ans is 85...
pls let me know whether u hav understood or not ???
Cheers.........................

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by mayuri joshi - Sunday, 1 November 2009, 12:38 PM

Hi Jayant this is related to your problem. Also Saravanar,
I think you have misunderstood the problem. The total number of people attending the
classes is NOT 100. The total number of people attending exactly one of the classes is
100. Hence what you are doing is wrong -- since you are assuming a surplus over the
value of 100 but the total value is NOT 100 in the first place.
This is how I think u do this -
Assume a, b, c to be the three sets. Assume m, n, p to be the number of people
attending exactly one of the 3 classes. Assume x, y, z to be the intersection of a and b, b
and c, c and a. Let l be the intersection of all three.
then we have 2 equations -
m + n + p + 2(x + y + z) + 3l = 80 + 75 + 60 = 215
but m + n + p = 100
so, 2(x + y + z) + 3l = 115 -----eqn 1.
also
m + n + p + x + y + z + l = total number of students.
100 + x + y + z + l cannot be more that 157. ( from eqn 1)
so x + y + z + l <= 57 ----- eqn 2. (and required value of x + y + z is max when value of
eqn 57.)
solving 1 & 2 we get l = 1; x + y + z = 56
hence the maximum value of students attending exactly two classes is 56.

Show parent | Reply

by mayuri joshi - Sunday, 1 November 2009, 12:36 PM

For the next problem,
using both above eqns -
2 (x + y + z) + 3l = 115
subs in this eqn y = x + 10 as per given data. For obtaining minimum values, if we
consider x as 0 then y = 10. We can consider z as 0 for minimum value but the eqn
doesnt have + integer values upon solving. Hence we consider z = 1.
so l = 31.
now 100 + x + y + z + a = total number of students.
so total number of students (min) = 100 + 0 + 1 + 10 + 31 = 142.
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by amit amit - Monday, 2 November 2009, 01:31 AM

First one's answer is 56
2nd question's answer is 142
Given is "who enrolled for skating and swimming only was 10 more than the
number of students who enrolled for skating and dancing only

let

the number of students who enrolled for skating and dancing Xonly= e
=>no of students enrolled for skating and swimming Xonly=e+10=f

Surplus is 115.
Suppose there r only 100 students now in ven diagram and 100 r outside it.
our job is to accommodate surplus of 115 using at most remaining 100 students.

Let e=0 => f=10 , let g be the no. of students common in all 3 sets.

When from 100(students) outside Venn diagram we take one in the area common to two
only, surplus reduced by 2.
explaination=> new total=101 surplus =215 => 215-101=114, plus one student is in the area
common to two, it consumes one more surplus.

When one student is taken from outside venn diagram into area common to all 3, surplus is
reduced by 3.

thus,
let x= no. of students enrolled in exactly 2 activities(each consumes 2 surpluses)
y= no of students enrolled in exactly 3 activities.(each consumes 3 surpluses)
==> total surplus is 115.
hence, 2x+3y=115
solving the equation, max value of x is 56.

For minimum possible number of students who enrolled for at least one of the three activities
, make y maximum
but minimum value of x is 10 when e=0
which consumes 20 surpluses.
remaining surplus = 95.
when
let d be the no. of students enrolled for swimming and dancing only
now,a=x-10, as we hv counted 10 students before
2(a)+3y=95
2a+3y=95
maximum value of y=31 ==>a=1 in above equation.
==> x=e+ (e+10)+d,
e=0, f=10, d=1
==> x=11. y=31 and initial 100 students.
so, 100+11+31= 142

here f=e+10, condition satisfied

Show parent | Reply

by amit amit - Monday, 2 November 2009, 01:04 AM

Can anyone help me with binary logic problem, problem of truth teller, liar, alternator with an
example???
Show parent | Reply

by Jayant Choudhary - Monday, 2 November 2009, 07:08 AM

@saravanar...mayuri is right we cant take total value of students as 100.. mayuri and amit
thanks for the lucid explaination!!!
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by rohit dwivedi - Tuesday, 10 November 2009, 10:41 PM

Hi TG and family,
would need ur help in solving following problem according to above concept.

In a survey conducted, it was found that, of the 150 people who were surveyed, 90 read
sports magazines, 80 read business magazines and 70 read political magazines. Each of the
surveyed persons reads at least one of these three magazines.

What is the maximum possible number of people who read sports magazines only?
90

a) 60 b) 70 c)80 d)
Show parent | Reply

by akash gupta - Thursday, 12 November 2009, 01:38 PM

ans is 70..
Show parent | Reply

by amit amit - Saturday, 14 November 2009, 11:48 AM

ans is 70
total surplus= 90
50 in business and politics only will contribute 50 surplus.
20 common all the three magazines will contribute 40 surplus
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by sammy badyal - Sunday, 15 November 2009, 06:49 PM

answer is 70 keep 20 in intersection of three and 50 in intersection of business and political
sets, this will absorb surplus of 90 with sports magazine max
Show parent | Reply

by Pallav Jain - Wednesday, 18 November 2009, 01:21 AM

Question :--
In a survey it was found that 80% of viewers watches DD, 60% watches BBC and 75% watches
Star Plus.
1C4 ) 4] O))O4O O]]]4C_] E 4] +)]]
C4])_ C 4] 4]] ]C]>
a60%
b45%
c15%
d20%

e10%
Show parent | Reply

by Ashwin A - Wednesday, 18 November 2009, 10:56 AM

15percent
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by Pallav Jain - Wednesday, 18 November 2009, 12:53 PM

hey ashwin can u plz explain it in detail.
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by amar goswami - Thursday, 19 November 2009, 02:16 AM

hi pallav,

Surlus = 80% + 75% + 60% -100% = 115%

to find out minimum value for all three channels we need to accommodate maximum value of
surplus in two channels. Max value it can take is 100% but still we are left with 15% hence this
needs to be put in all three channels.
Show parent | Reply

by Pallav Jain - Thursday, 19 November 2009, 03:55 AM

Hey Amar, can you please explain it ?

A REAL test contains 3 sections: QA, VA and DI. A student taking the test has to attempt at least one
section. When the data of test takers was assimilated, it showed that 74% of students attempted QA,
91% attempted VA and 77% attempted DI section.

If the percentage of students who attempted all the three sections is found to be 71%, then find the
possible percentage of students who attempted only two sections.

58 %
21 %
0
37 %
Can not be Determined

Cheers !!!
Pallav
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by amar goswami - Thursday, 19 November 2009, 11:28 AM

Hi Pallav,

Total surplus = 142 %
suppose only two sections =x %
and only three = y % = 71 % given
hence x + 2y = 142%

x + 142 =142
x= 0
Show parent | Reply

by Pallav Jain - Thursday, 19 November 2009, 02:18 PM

thanx Amar but I cud'nt get this step...... why u have taken 2y

hence x + 2y = 142%
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by amar goswami - Thursday, 19 November 2009, 07:27 PM

if u draw venn diagram then y belongs to the area which is being shared by 3 circles, say a, b
and c. Hence anything you put in this area will be counted 3 times in the the sum of a+b+c and
2 times in the surplus.
coz surplus = a+b+c -100%
Show parent | Reply

by abhishek rai - Saturday, 8 May 2010, 06:19 PM

Great one sir, but maybe the CBT club members can have some more of this stuff and a full
fledged chapter on set theory?

Waiting for the Reply..
Show parent | Reply

by deepika guliani - Friday, 6 August 2010, 09:57 PM

Amazing Article ..I always had a problem solving these questions..but not anymore
Thank you indeed.
Show parent | Reply

by vivek bajaj - Saturday, 21 August 2010, 12:26 PM

Hi TG,

I might be wrong, but can u check upon:

In a college, where every student follows at least one of the three activities- drama, sports, or arts-
65% follow drama, 86% follow sports, and 57% follow arts. What can be the MAXIMUM % OF
STUDENTS WHO FOLLOW ALL 3 ACTIVITIES?

It seems to me (maybe wrong), the maximum % of students who follow all 3 activities can be
57% (by common sense; since these same 57% students who follow arts can follow sports as
well as drama) as opposed to the 54% explained by you.

If I am wrong, please can u explain the 54% concept more elaborately.

Thankyou.
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by ritika bhalla - Monday, 23 August 2010, 06:16 PM

dear TG sir..

i have a doubt that is bothering me..

i just am not able to understand how x+y=100%

i noe u have replied to this in earlier posts but its not clear

kindly help sir..waiting for your reply.
Show parent | Reply

by Nishit Vora - Tuesday, 21 September 2010, 05:06 PM

Hi TG,

I just loved your concept
But the following problem from latest Time Mock is bothering me. could you please help me
out

A survey about prefered TV channels amongst 10,000 people
93%liked sony
89% Zee
81% Star plus
75% Zee cinema
78% Mtv

100 did not like any channels

Find Minimum Number of people who liked all 5.

So according to your concept adding 93 , 89 , 81 , 75, 78
gives 416%

So now excess is 316%
So what to do after this?
Show parent | Reply

by Rebeck Carvalho - Saturday, 25 September 2010, 07:16 PM

Superb Article TG,hats off!!!
Can u please also include about 4x4 Venn Diagrams .Then it would be a complete article
Show parent | Reply

by ankur kejriwal - Tuesday, 12 October 2010, 03:25 PM

Hey i know thogh the post is very old , but if anyone is watching then
How the minimum value of P is 10 % .
If surplus is 210 then a + 2b + 3c = 210 , c being intersection of 4 diseases .
Pls help ......
Show parent | Reply

by albus dumbeldore - Saturday, 9 July 2011, 01:23 AM

hii...
i still cudn't get the maxima /minima concept
anybody can clear it for me ....
the adjusting the surplus part and
how do we get the equation x + 2y =0

thanks
Show parent | Reply

by Dang Dong - Monday, 11 July 2011, 06:51 PM

In this case we assign the variables to every area of the Venn diagram and form the conditions
keeping two things in mind:
try to express the areas in the Venn diagram through least number of variables.
all the numbers will be zero or positive. No number can be negative.

Out of 210 interviews of IIM- Ahmedabad, 105 CAT crackers were offered tea by the interview
panel, 50 were offered biscuits, and 56 were offered toffees. 32 CAT crackers were offered tea
and biscuits, 30 were offered biscuits and toffees, and 45 were offered toffees and tea. What
is the
maximum and minimum number of CAT crackers who were offered all three snacks?
maximum and minimum number of CAT crackers who were offered at least one snack?

Answer: Lets make the Venn diagram for this question. Since we want to assume least
number of variables, we can see that assuming a variable for the number of students who
were offered all three snacks will help us express all the other areas. Let the number of
students who were offered all three snacks = x.

In the above diagram, we have expressed all the areas in terms of x. To decide maximum value
of x, we note that 32 - x, 45 - x and 30 - x will be zero or positive. Therefore, the maximum
value of x will be 30. (30 is the lowest among 30, 32 and 45). To decide minimum value of x,
we note than x - 19 and x 12 will be zero or positive. Therefore, x cannot be less than 19
(19 is the higher number between 19 and 12).

Therefore, maximum and minimum number of CAT crackers who were offered all three snacks
= 30 and 19.

The number of CAT crackers who were offered at least one snack = Total number of CAT
crackers in the Venn diagram = x + 28 + 32 - x + x + 45 - x + x - 19 + 30 - x + x - 12 = 104 + x.
As the maximum and minimum values of x are 30 and 19, respectively, the maximum and
minimum value of 104 + x will be 134 and 123, respectively.

Maximum and minimum number of CAT crackers who were offered at least one snack = 134
and 123.
ANY WAY TO SOLVE FOR THE VALUE OF X?
Show parent | Reply

by k m - Sunday, 17 July 2011, 12:20 AM

can sum1 pll help me out and explain this problem to me??

Q.A survey was conducted among 500 ppl each of whom likes at least one of apple, orange ,
banana.The number of ppl who like apple is 240, those who like orange are 250 and those
who like banana are 290.

Q1. If 60 ppl like only apple and banana, then what is the maximum possible number of ppl
who like only orange?

1)120 2) 130 3)140(ans)

Q2. If 120 ppl like only apple, then what is the maximum possible number of ppl who like only
orange and banana?

1)170 2)160(ans) 3)180

Q3. What is the maximum possible number of ppl who like all the 3 fruits?

1)110 2)120 3)150 4)130 5)140(ans)
Show parent | Reply

by Rajasekaran Rajaram - Sunday, 24 July 2011, 12:18 AM

A+B+C+D+E+F+G = 500
A+B+C+2(D+E+F)+3G=780
D+E+F+2G=280
Apples =A+D+G+E=240
Banana=C+E+F+G=250
Orange=B+D+F+G=290

1) Given e =60,

From equation D+E+F+2G=280,
D+F+2G=220

In order to maximize B in equation B+D+F+G=290 put D and F = 60 and hence B will be 140

3) In equation D+E+F+2G=280 put D, E, F = 0 to maximize G which will be 140

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by soumyarup banerjee - Friday, 19 August 2011, 06:09 PM

I have a question :

When say we have 83 persons liking soccer , 88 persons liking cricket and 51 persons liking
chess. Total number of people surveyed is 100.

Here when we calculate the surplus it is : (83+88+51)-100 = 122

Now , the maximum number of persons who can like all the 3 games can be = 122/2 = 61 ,
but that is not possible bcoz only 51 likes chess !!

Kindly clarify this for me
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by gaggi d - Monday, 12 September 2011, 08:17 PM

Hi TG,
CAn you explain why in the question where u have calculated the maximum no of people
doing all three activities is 54 % instead of 57% as it is visible directly..
Because let the the 57% to be part of other percentages as well..
Correct me if i am wrong
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Re: Venn Diagrams- Basics, Problems, Maxima
and Minima
by Rajasekaran Rajaram - Monday, 12 September
2011, 10:31 PM

Nishit Vora,

Is the answer 1500 for this question.

16%(10,000)-100
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