Dentin -Substantia Ebuernea -Derivative of dental Papilla -Forms the bulk and provides general shape of the tooth

-Vital tissue Physical Properties -color ( light yellow-dark yellow) -hardness (greater than bone and cementum) -secondary teeth are much harder than primary teeth -radiopaque -highly permeable -thickness (3-10mm) Chemical Properties inorganic portion 65% -hydroxyapatite organic portion 35% -collagenous fibrils * hydroxyapatite crystals are much smaller in dentin than in enamel Structures Dentinal tubules Peritubular tubules Intertubular tubules Dentinal Tubules -sigmoid course straight course -perpendicular to pulpal surface and to DEJ -lamina limitants Peritubular Dentin -Intertubular Dentin -dentin that immediately surrounds dentinal tubules -has more mineral content than intertubular content Intertubular Dentin -comprise tha main body of the dentin -dentin located between peritubular dentin Odontoblastic Process -cytoplasmic extensions of odontoblasts -extebnds the thickness of dentin -extends to the enamel (enamel spindles) Incremental Lines of Von Ebner -fine lines or striations in dentin that reflect the rhythmic depositions of dentin matrix Contour Lines of Owen -Accentuated incremental lines due to disturbance in dentin matrix formation

-hypocalcified bands Neonatal Lines -reflects the abrupt change in environment before and after birth -between pre natal dentin and post natal dentin -all primary teeth & first permanent molars *quality of dentin formed by birth is better than dentin matrix formed after birth Interglobular Dentin -hypomineralized areas in dentin that are due to failure of dentin to coalesce -perfect in process of odontogenesis -found in crowns of teeth in the circumpulpal dentin below the mantle dentin Pre-Dentin -innermost portion of dentin that is not yet mineralized -located adjacent to pulp tissue -becomes mature dentin after 6 &P -salts will be deposited and new pre dentin will be formed Tomes Granular Portions Granular zone in dentin located adjacent to cementum -cause by coalescing & looping of terminal portions of dentinal tubules

Innervation of dentin -dentin is sensitive because of the presence of nerve endings in the dentinal tubules in the inner dentin and predentin layer -these nerve endings are closely associated to the odontoblastic processes theories of pain transmission through dentin 1 direct neural theory 2. transduction theory 3. hydrodynamic theory direct neural theory -nerve endings in the dentin when stimulated evoke painful responses -no nerve fibers in the DEJ Transduction theroy -Odontoblastic processes is the priamry structure that is excited by stimuli(receptors) and transmits them to the nerve endings in the inner dentin -absence of neurotransmitter vesicles Hydrodynamic theory -Various stimuli such as heat, cold, air blast, dessication, mechanical or osmotic pressure may affect or cause fluid movement in odontoblasts -the said movement of fluid disturbs pulpal environment and is sensed by plexus or raschkow on pulp -Odontoblasts are mechanoreceptors

Age and Functional changes in the dentin Vitality of dentin -odontoblasts has capacity to react to physiologic and pathologic stimuli -in defense to these stimuli, there is formation or Reparative dentin, dead tract, sclerotic or transparent dentin Dead tracts -due to disintegration or death of odontoblasts and empty tubules are filled with air -white in reflected -black in transmitted light -initial step in formation of sclerotic dentin Sclerotic/ Transparent Dentin -deposition of collagen fibrils and apatite crystals in the dead tracts -dentinal tubules becomes more mineralized like peritubular dentin thus it becomes transparent Reparative Dentin -Noxious stimuli(painful) death of odontoblasts formation of reparative dentin seal off site of injuryand promote healing process of pulp has fewer and twisted tubule than normal dentin Dentinogenesis -2 Phases: 1. dentin matrix formation 2. mineralization -different ameloblasts different odontoblasts dentin matrix formation enamal matrix formation Dentin Matrix Formation - 4 microns of predentin is laid down per day -starts at cusp tips(Korff's fibers) -deposition of collagenous matrix and cell recedes leaving a single extension(odontoblastic processes)