Question 1 - what is information system?

Answer 1 - An information system and MIS (IS) - or application landscapes any combination of information technology and people's activities that support operations, management, and decision making. In a very broad sense, the term information system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, processes, data, and technology. In this sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes. Some make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing in instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes. Alter argues for an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans and/or machines perform work using resources to produce specific products and/or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to processing (capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying) information. As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action. Information systems are the primary focus of study for the information systems discipline and for organisational informatics. Components It consists of computers, instructions, stored facts, people and procedures. ISs can be categorized in four parts: 1. 2. 3. 4. Management Information System (MIS) Decision Support System (DSS) Executive Information System (EIS) Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Question 2- How it is useful in organization? Answer 2 An information system (IS) is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making In any business organization, data is the most important thing. Different type of information is produced from data. When the amount of data is large, it becomes more difficult to process this data manually. In order to get quick results and timely information, an Information System is used in almost all organizations. As businesses grow, the amount of data also increases. As a result, it becomes more difficult to process this data manually. With the use of Information System, data can be processed with rapid speed and information is generated quickly. To run a business successfully, effective and timely decision-making is very important. This decisionmaking is based on the information we get from the stored data. An Information System provides the required information in a complete and comprehensive way. It helps in taking effective decisions about the business. In such a system, the information can be sent to many people is less time. The following are benefits of information systems: 1. central access 2. easy backup 3. central distribution of information 4. easy record-keeping 5. easy tax preparation 6. easy customer trait identification An Example : Take for example a bottling line that has the capability of filling 10,000 bottles a day, but like the majority of packaging lines actually achieves about 50% of its potential on average. The production manager wants to see the throughput data and the reasons why the machine is falling short. The operators on the other hand need to see alert messages as why the machine has just stopped and what action to take to fix it. The cause may be a specific mechanical failure such as a jam up, lack of product or one of many things. The production manager will be interested to discover that the mechanical failures only amounted to 8% stoppage time and another 5% due to lack of product. He will also notice that the main reason the line did not perform is because nobody pressed the start button when the machine was ready to run! This example shows that Information systems can be powerful tools for business. The key is having current data converted to useful information and having that delivered to people who can act upon it before its too late. If the information is delivered too slowly then it is only a lesson learned rather than profitable opportunity.

The effects of information systems ensue from interactions between system design features and the organizational context, which includes the organization's external environment as well as such internal elements of the organization as its strategy, structure, and culture. Moreover, a system's design features are themselves often heavily influenced by the organizational context. For example, the Republic of Singapore's extreme dependence on foreign trade led it to build an information system (Tradenet) that would significantly reduce the time required for shippers to clear customs, because this was believed likely to give it competitive advantage over other ports in the region ("Singapore Tradenet (A)," 1989; Neo, Khoo, and Ang, 1993). And the extent to which Tradenet actually resulted in the desired effect depended heavily on interactions between its various features and a variety of contextual factors, such as the behavior of potential users and competitors. It follows that an adequate understanding of the organizational context is important for two reasons. First, the organizational context determines what the features of an information system should be, if an organization is to achieve benefits from its IT investment. Second, the organizational context interacts with the features of the information system the organization actually implements (which may not be the features it needs) to determine the system's effects. These two reasons for understanding the organizational context correspond to the two ways we will discuss later for using the model (proactively and reactively). Of course, the organizational context is not the only influence on an information system's design features and effects. The manner in which the system is built and introduced into the organization also matters. Consequences will depend, for example, on whether the organization develops custom software to meet its needs exactly or whether it makes do with an offtheshelf package. In this section, however, we are primarily concerned with the organizational context; other factors are addressed subsequently. What follows are brief descriptions of the dimensions of the organizational context and some examples of the kinds of interactions the model helps illustrate. For the purposes of understanding the dynamics of information systems interventions, we find it useful to distinguish between the organization's external environment and internal elements (Laudon, 1985). Moreover, we find it pedagogically useful to group the internal elements into four components: the firm's strategy, its structure and culture, its business processes, and its IT infrastructure.

JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

ASSGINMENT ON:- INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ITS USE IN ORGANISATION

SUBMITTED TO:MS.JYOTSNA PAREEK. (FACULTY MEMBER:-MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM).

SUBMITTED BY:SHRISH RATHI M.B.A 2ND SEMESTER SECTION-B.