Table FI 9

THERMODYNAMICS FORMULAE
p = mass volume
=

9
Virial Equations P= RTI(v-B) Br = BP, I RT, z=l+(BrPrITr)
B(O)

Density ( p )

m
V

Specific volume (v)

---v = volume - V - 1 mass m p

Specijc weight ( y )

weight - mg y=---- volume v pg m = c

inlets

= 0.083- 0.422 1 T,'.~

Continuity equation

p~~-cp~~
eritr

B(') = 0 . 1 3 9 - 0 . 1 7 2 1 ~ ~ ' ~

Br = ~

( 0 ) ) +(,,B('

Ideal-gas Equation of State

pv =

R T M

R = universal gas constant M = molar mass of substance

Q-W
=

1.
.

Energy balance for an open system Work of steady -flow, open system

m e ( u , + p,v, +'+gz,)
2

'

v2

-mi ( u i + pivi + -+gzi)

2

v2

Kn = v d p + Ake + Ape

Thermal eflciency of heat engine

rl=

f aw
Qin

Qin - Qout Qii

q=-

TH- TL TH

Coeflcient ofperformance (refrigerator)

copR =

Bn,L
Kn

COPR= 'TL TH- TL COPm = TH TH- TL

Coeflcient ofperformane (heat pump)

c o p H P= & ! LL : Kn
inf rev

Change in entropy

Change in entropyfor open system

ds0, =
rev. 0s

+ s

- s26m2 m ~

Change in entropyfor ideal gas

d =

j:cp$ R l n -P;I
-

P2

d~

Isentropic Turbine Eflciency

rlr"

work of actual expansion - hl - hz. work of reversible expansion hl - h2, work of reversible compression - h23- h work of actual compression h*o- h 1

Adiabatic CompressorEflciency

rlc =

Expression for a Reversible Process (Expansion/ Compression) in which

A U

Isothermal
0

Adiabatic, c A V(2")
nR -(T2-T,) Y-1
1 or -(P2V2-45) Y-1

-nRT 1? {]

PVY= constant

Process Constant volume Constant pressure Constant temperature

Q
m cV( - T I ) TZ

S:fJ dV

Sf V

~ P

AU

p- V-T Relations

Exponent in
pP=C n=a

V(Pz - P I )
0

mc,(Tz - T I ) mc,(Tz - T I )

---P Z Tz TI PI

m ~ , ( T z- T I )

P( VZ- V I )

--- VZ TZTI VI

n =0

plv1 1 4 n
yl

plv1 I&

Vl

plv1 I&

VI

PI VI=pzvz

n=l

p1v:=pzvzl Reversible adiabatic

0

PlVl -pzVz k- 1

k -01 -PZVZ) VI k- 1

mcV(Tz- T I )

n=k "=(K)"'=(~+IW TI p1VF=pzVz" --- (?)*I Tz = TI

Reversible polytropic

m cv

() E

1-n

(T2- T I )

PI~I-pzvz n-1

n-1 n#l

01v1P Z ~ Z ) -

m cv(Tz - T I )

;(

)(*l)'n

n >o

I:*
v v v v

Tlly*pl \;
v v

\;
v v v

\:
v

Constant volume

Constant pressure

Constant temperature

Reversible adiabatic

Reversible polytropic