Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Agriculture
Emerging technology In vitro meat Status Potentially marginalized technologies Animal husbandry, livestock, poultry, fishing Potential applications Related articles
Cruelty free, inexpensive and environmentally friendlier meat to consume Crop and meat production
Industrial agriculture
Genetic engineering
Creating and modifying species, bio-machines, eliminating genetic disorders (gene therapy)
Research, development, first synthetic [4] [5] bacteria created May 2010
Chemical industry, Creating infinitely scalable petroleum industry, production processes based on process manufacturing programmable species of bacteria and other life forms replicate the natural process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water, carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen Existing treatments for age-related diseases Ischemic damages Life extension
Artificial photosynthesis
Animal testing
[7]
Surgical anesthesia
Organ transplantation, space travel, prolonged surgery, emergency care Treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries Stem cell, stem cell treatments
Research, experiments, phase I human trail spinal cord injury treatment (GERON), [9] cultured cornea transplants [10] Research, experiments
Other therapies
Orphan drugs
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Various fields of medicine Brain implant, retinal implant Prosthetics, prosthetics in fiction
Trials, from animal (e.g., brain implants) to human clinical (e.g., insulin pump implant), to commercial production (e.g. pacemaker, joint replacement, cochlear implant) Some laboratory trials [11]
Life extension
Surgeons untrained in robotic surgery Organ printing Other medical treaments, pension, retirement home Biological immortality immortality
Tissue engineering Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence Head transplant, isolated brain Nanomedicines Biosomatic cellular engineering Theory some clinical applications Regenerative medicine
Whole-body transplant
life extension
Related articles
Ampakine
Enhance attention span and alertness, and facilitate learning and memory Controlling electronic devices via brain waves Mind uploading
Energy systems
Emerging technology Concentrated solar power includes thermal Nuclear fusion power Status Potentially marginalized technologies Fossil fuels, photovoltaics Potential applications Related articles
Producing electricity
DESERTEC, BrightSource Energy, Solar Millennium ITER, NIF, CrossFire, Polywell, Dense plasma focus
Fossil fuels
Producing electricity
Electrical grid
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Fossil fuels Energy storage, more so for transport Energy storage Issues relating to biofuels
Biofuels
Diffusion
Hydrogen economy
Diffusion of hydrogen fuel cells; theory, experiments for lower [15] cost hydrogen production Experiments, prototypes [16] [17]
Other energy storage methods: chemical batteries, fossil fuels Other energy storage methods: hydrogen, chemical batteries, some uses of fossil fuels Chemical batteries
Nanowire battery
Laptops, mobile phones, long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid
Ultracapacitor
Regenerative braking; energy storage: generally faster charging, longer lasting, more flexible, greener Wirelessly powered equipment: WiTricity, resonant laptop, cell phones, electric cars, inductive coupling etc.
Smart grid
Artificial brain
Neurological disease's treatments, artificial intelligence diffusion Theory, experiments; limited uses [20] in specialized domains Television Human decision, analysis, etc. Entertainment, education Creating intelligent devices
Progress in artificial intelligence, applications of artificial intelligence Mobile broadband, mobile TV, Interactive TV, [21] 3D-TV, holographic [21] cameras
4G cellular communication
First commercial LTE networks deployed in Sweden December 2009; candidate systems LTE-advanced and IEEE 802.16m (Mobile WiMAX Release 2) in development Diffusion [22] [23]
broadband
Pervasive computing
Machine translation
Human translation of Easier cross-cultural natural languages, in areas communication where misunderstanding is non-critical and language is formalized Biotic vision and perception, including humans Biometrics, controlling processes (e.g., in driverless car, automated guided vehicle), detecting events (e.g., in visual surveillance), interaction (e.g., in human-computer interaction), robot vision Computer vision, pattern recognition, digital image processing
Machine vision
Research, prototyping
Speech recognition
Cybermethodology Machine augmented cognition, exocortices Diffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes of more; theory, experiments on more substantial amplification Development, [24] commercialization Libraries, schools, training, pocket calculators
Mobile collaboration
Extends the capabilities of video conferencing for use on hand-held mobile devices in real-time over secure networks. For use in diverse industries such as manufacturing, energy, [25] healthcare. Making the web machine-readable by annotating data on the web based on its meaning Order of magnitude faster processing of parallelizable algorithms Storing and archiving data previously erased for economic reasons Holographic Disc Ultra HD Sony and other big companies are interested in this technology
Theory, research
Search engines
[26] Fourth-generation Research, prototyping optical discs (3D optical data storage, Holographic data storage)
All other mass storage methods/devices, magnetic tape data storage, optical data storage
Optical computing
Theory, experiments; some components of integrated circuits [27] have been developed [28] Theory, experiments, [29] commercialization
Quantum computing
Much faster computing, for some kinds of problems, chemical modeling, new materials with programmed properties, theory of high-temperature superconductivity and superfluidity Secure communications
Commercialization
[30] Barcode
Smartstores - RFID based self checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing products), food packaging, smart shelves, smart carts. See: potential uses
Display technology
Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies other display technologies, CRT, LCD Potential applications Related articles
3D displays
Autostereoscopic display, stereoscopic display, volumetric display, holographic display, Light Field display, Nintendo 3DS Swept-volume display Swept-volume display OLED TV, Comparison of display technology Interferometric modulator display, comparison of display technology
Volumetric display Free-space display Organic light-emitting diode Interferometric modulator display Diffusion LCD and plasma displays Other display technologies, CRT, LCD, plasma, e-paper
Non-emissive displays with fast response times and potentially the most realistic colors of all display technologies Displays with very wide colour gamut prowess
Next generation of display technology Screenless display (Virtual retinal display, Bionic contact lens) Phased-array optics Theory, experiments
Better displays
Theory
[33] [34]
Diffusion
RGB color model in Displays with larger color televisions and gamut cameras HDTV Displays with more pixels
Quattron
Diffusion
Electronics
Emerging technology
Status
Potentially marginalized technologies Mechanical magnetic hard disk drives [39] Some current integrated circuits, many other electronics devices
Potential applications
Related articles
Spintronics
Data storage
MRAM
Memristor
Smaller, faster, lower power consuming storage, analogue electronics, Artificial intelligence Ultra high definition holograpic disc, Metalinsulator transition
Conventional thermal Electric circuit cooling; micro-fluidic systems, heat sinks, bulk actuators; small-device thermoelectric thermoelectrics power generation Consensus reality An artificial environment where the user feels just as immersed as they usually feel in consensus reality.
Virtusphere, 3rd Space Vest, haptic suit, immersive technology, simulated reality, holodeck (fictional) Nokia Morph, Flexible organic light-emitting diode
Flexible electronics
Flexible and folding electronic devices (such as smartphones), Flexible solar cells which are lightweight, can be rolled up for launch, and are easily deployable X-ray and MRI scans for Detecting spoiled food, chemical weapons detecting cancer and cancer
Commercialization
Diffusion
Materials science
Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Traditional Insulation, Glass Potential applications Related articles
Aerogel
Improved insulation, insulative glass if it can be made clear, sleeves for oil pipelines, aerospace, high-heat & extreme cold applications Components with higher strength to weight ratios, transistors that operate at higher frequency, lower cost of display screens in mobile devices, storing hydrogen for fuel cell [41] powered cars, sensors to diagnose diseases No loss conductors, frictionless bearings, magnetic levitation, lossless high-capacity accumulators, electric cars
Graphene
High-temperature superconductivity
Cryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE) RF and microwave filter systems for mobile phone base stations; prototypes in dry ice; theory and experiments for higher [42] temperatures Superfluid gyroscopes already exist but work at very low temperatures
Copper wire
High-temperature superfluidity
Mechanical gyroscope
High-precision measure of gravity, navigation and maneuver devices, possible devices to emit gravitomagnetic field, frictionless mechanical devices Stronger, lighter materials, space elevator
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Classical optics Microscopes, cameras, metamaterial cloaking, cloaking devices Wide range, e.g., self health monitoring, self healing, morphing... Wide range, e.g., claytronics, synthetic biology
Metamaterials
Quantum dot laser, future use as programmable matter in display technologies (TV, projection), optical data communications (high-speed data transmission), medicine (laser scalpel)
As a universal physical machine, SRCMR may change the way we make many physical structures and machines Autonomous construction, space construction
Swarm robotics
Theory, experiments
[49]
Distributed computing, complexity in behavior by simplicity in architecture Products and parts production, retail distribution
Swarm intelligence, autonomous robotics, nanorobotics, particle swarm optimization, multi-agent systems, behavior-based robotics
Theory, experiments
[50]
Machines (desktop, industrial) that can make anything given the materials, cheap planetary terraforming Heavy lifting, paralysis, muscle related diseases, warfare, construction
Powered exoskeleton
Transportation
Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Internal combustion engine Potential applications Related articles
Electric vehicle, Hydrogen vehicle Google driverless car, General Motors EN-V, CityCar, MIT Car
Driverless car
Driver's licenses, rules of the road, traffic lights, traffic sign, highway patrols, vehicle insurances
Reducing traffic collision, increasing road capacity, reducing air pollution, reducing traffic congestion Avoiding traffic collision, increasing road capacity
Research, development
Conventional tire
Safer tires
Airless tire
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Early commercialization, prototypes Automobile, road More effective transportation Terrafugia Transition, Moller M400 Skycar, Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk
Flying car
Automobile
Automobile
Shanghai Maglev Train, Linimo Arotrain, Duke Hospital PRT Concorde, Tupolev Tu-144 A2, Skylon NASA X-43 Aircraft flight control system, BAE Systems Demon, fluidics
Conventional trains
Supersonic transport
Commercialization existed, diffusion Research, development Research, development Experiments, [52] [53] [54] prototypes [55] [56]
Convetional airliners
Spaceplane Scramjet Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing, Adaptive Compliant Wing), fluidic flight controls
Convetional airliners Convetional jet engine Other flight control systems: ailerons, elevators, elevons, flaps, flaperons
Manufacturing
Emerging technology 3D printing Status Potentially marginalized technologies Manually making prototypes, some mass production methods that lack ability for customizing Potential applications Related articles
Rapidly prototyping and producing plastic objects and multi-material items, with potential to significantly customize products for individual consumers
3D printing, traditional manufacturing methods and tools 3D printing, traditional manufacturing methods and tools
Utility fog
Others
Emerging technology
Status
Potential applications
Related articles
Directed energy weapon Particle beam weapon Electrolaser Electromagnetic weapons Miniaturized satellite
Guns
Research In development
Conventional satellites
Inexpensive satellites, constellations for low data rate communications, using formations to gather data from multiple points, in-orbit inspection of larger satellites. Levicar High temperature superconductivity, cryogenics, low temperature refrigerators, superconducting magnet design and construction, fiber reinforced plastics for vehicles and structural concretes, communication and high power solid-state controls, vehicle design (aerodynamics and noise mitigation), precision manufacturing, construction [59] and fabrication of concrete structures, maglev car, maglev based spacecraft launch Military and law enforcement, space travel Plasma window
Magnetic levitation
Research, development, Wheels, tires, Commercialization (Maglev conventional Train) transportation systems
Theory, experiments
[60]
Armor
Already used for achieving cryogenic temperatures in the laboratory setting (below 10K)
Conventional refrigerators
Refrigeration without the need for compression and with more energy efficient which may be in refrigerators, air conditioners and spacecrafts
Metamaterial Camouflage Successful experiments cloaking, Cloak of cloaking small objects under [61] invisibility some conditions Domed city NASA develops a geodesic dome for a moon base Diffusion Weather-controlled city, colonization of the moon
Smell-O-Vision, iSmell
Solar sail
In 2010, IKAROS was the world's first spacecraft designed to use solar sailing propulsion to be successfully launched
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Notes
IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, & Fuertes, J. M. (1999). 1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation proceedings, ETFA'99, October 1821, 1999, UPC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Piscataway, N.J.: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Jones-Garmil, K. (1997). The wired museum: Emerging technology and changing paradigms. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums. Giersch, H. (1982). Emerging technologies: Consequences for economic growth, structural change, and employment : symposium 1981. Tbingen: Mohr.
References
[1] International Congress Innovation and Technology XXI: Strategies and Policies Towards the XXI Century, & Soares, O. D. D. (1997). Innovation and technology: Strategies and policies. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. [2] "Is in vitro meat the future?" (http:/ / www. timesonline. co. uk/ tol/ life_and_style/ health/ features/ article3894871. ece). The Times. 9 May 2008. . Retrieved 16 April 2011. [3] "A giant leap into the unknown: GM salmon that grows and grows" (http:/ / www. independent. co. uk/ news/ science/ a-giant-leap-into-the-unknown-gm-salmon-that-grows-and-grows-2085856. html). The Independent. 22 September 2010. . Retrieved 5 May 2011. [4] "'Artificial life' breakthrough announced by scientists" (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ 10132762). BBC News. 20 May 2010. . Retrieved 29 April 2011. [5] "Scientist Craig Venter creates life for first time in laboratory sparking debate about 'playing god'" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ science/ 7745868/ Scientist-Craig-Venter-creates-life-for-first-time-in-laboratory-sparking-debate-about-playing-god. html). The Telegraph. 20 May 2010. . Retrieved 29 April 2011. [6] "Solar 'Artificial Leaf' Is Unveiled by Researchers" (http:/ / www. reuters. com/ article/ 2011/ 03/ 29/ idUS81168260920110329). Reuters. 29 March 2011. . Retrieved 21 April 2011. [7] "Doubt on Anti-Aging Molecule as Drug Trial Stops" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2011/ 01/ 11/ science/ 11aging. html). The New York Times. 10 January 2011. . Retrieved 1 May 2011. [8] "Patients to be frozen into state of suspended animation for surgery" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ health/ healthnews/ 8024991/ Patients-to-be-frozen-into-state-of-suspended-animation-for-surgery. html). The Telegraph. 26 September 2010. . Retrieved 21 April 2011. [9] "Scientists make eye's retina from stem cells" (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ health-12963297). BBC News. 6 April 2011. . Retrieved 27 April 2011. [10] "Genetic test could be used to 'personalise' drugs, say scientists" (http:/ / www. independent. co. uk/ news/ science/ genetic-test-could-be-used-to-personalise-drugs-say-scientists-1913662. html). The Independent. 1 March 2010. . Retrieved 16 April 2011. [11] "Scientists Grow Viable Urethras From Boys' Cells" (http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ health/ 2011/ 03/ 08/ scientists-grow-viable-urethras-boys-cells/ ). Fox News. 8 March 2011. . Retrieved 27 April 2011. [12] "California approves Tessera solar plant" (http:/ / www. reuters. com/ article/ 2010/ 10/ 28/ us-solar-calico-idUKTRE69R5YQ20101028). Reuters. 28 October 2010. . Retrieved 4 May 2011. [13] "In China the big nuclear question is "how soon"?" (http:/ / www. reuters. com/ article/ 2011/ 05/ 03/ china-nuclear-idUSL3E7FR0HZ20110503). Reuters. 3 May 2011. . Retrieved 4 May 2011. [14] "Lufthansa to start trials with biofuel from Neste" (http:/ / in. reuters. com/ article/ 2010/ 11/ 29/ lufthansa-biofuels-idINLDE6AS1IU20101129). Reuters. 29 November 2010. . Retrieved 4 May 2011. [15] "Hydrogen tries again" (http:/ / www. economist. com/ node/ 15981031). The Economist. 23 April 2010. . Retrieved 4 May 2011. [16] "Scientists say paper battery could be in the works" (http:/ / uk. reuters. com/ article/ 2009/ 12/ 07/ battery-paper-idUKN075599520091207). Reuters. 7 December 2009. . Retrieved 4 May 2011. [17] "Microfiber fabric makes its own electricity?" (http:/ / in. reuters. com/ article/ 2008/ 02/ 13/ us-shirt-idINN1334900820080213). Reuters. 14 February 2008. . Retrieved 4 May 2011. [18] "Ultracapacitors Gain Traction as Battery Alternative" (http:/ / www. reuters. com/ article/ 2011/ 03/ 30/ idUS305904663820110330). Reuters. 30 March 2011. . Retrieved 4 May 2011. [19] "Wireless energy promise powers up" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ 6725955. stm). BBC News. 7 June 2007. . Retrieved 4 May 2011. [20] "IBM's Watson supercomputer crowned Jeopardy king" (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ technology-12491688). BBC News. 17 February 2011. . Retrieved 17 April 2011. [21] IBM Next Five in Five 2010 (a prediction of five emerging technologies expected in by 2015). See IBM's new 'Next Five in Five' list peers into the future (http:/ / www. thetechherald. com/ article. php/ 201051/ 6605/ IBM-s-new-Next-Five-in-Five-list-peers-into-the-future), TechHerald Dec 24 2010.
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External links
Special Reports 10 Emerging Technologies (http://www.technologyreview.com/special/emerging/). Technology Review. ET.gov site (http://et.gov/) UpcomingTechnology.ORG (http://www.upcomingtechnology.org/category/upcoming-technologies/) Techcast.org- A Technology Forecast site (http://www.techcast.org/forecasts.aspx)
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License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/