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UMTS Core Network

UMTS Core Network

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

Contents

Core Network Overview Entities Shared between the Circuit Switched Domain and the Packet Switched Domain Entities in the Circuit Switched Domain Entities in the Packet Switched Domain

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

Contents and Session Aims


This session aims to go into more
The CS and PS Domains
detail about the entities in the Core Network

It contains:
Shared Entities Entities in the CS Domain Entities in the PS Domain
!

A revisit of the core network overview Entities in the different core network domains Areas in UMTS

UMTS System Areas

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

Core Network (CN)



The Core Network consists of:
! !

A Circuit Switched Domain A Packet Switched Domain

Some CN entities may belong to both domains

CS Entities

Common Entities

PS Entities

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

General Core Network Architecture


Other MSC

CS Entities
UTRAN

F Iu-cs
Mobile Switching Centre

F
Gateway MSC

MSC/VLR

GMSC

External Circuit Switched Networks

D
Register

Common Entities PS Entities

Equipment Identity Register

Gs Home LocationAuthentication Centre


HLR AuC

EIR

Gr
UTRAN

Gc
Gateway GSN

Iu-ps

Gi

Serving GSN

SGSN

Gn

Gn

GGSN

CN

External Packet Switched Networks

IU

Other SGSN

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

Why Separate CS domains and PS domains?


Advantages of separation
! ! ! !

Disadvantages of separation
! !

Simple evolution from GSM/GPRS Low Risk Early Availability Service Continuity

Build and manage 2 networks Separate engineering and dimensioning Greater Infrastructure Cost Duplicated Functions
"MM in VLR and SGSN

! !

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

Shared Entities in the Core Network

All other entities are shared between the CS and PS domains


! ! ! !

Home Location Register Authentication Centre Equipment Identity Register SMS-Service Centre

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

Home Location Register



A data base in charge of the management of mobile subscribers. A PLMN may contain one or several HLRs: it depends on the number of mobile subscribers, on the capacity of the equipment and on the organisation of the network Contains:
!

Subscription information; Location information enabling the charging and routing of calls towards the MSC where the MS is registered

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

Equipment Identity Register



The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) is the logical entity which is responsible for storing in the network the International Mobile Equipment Identities (IMEIs) The equipment is classified as "white listed", "grey listed", "black listed" or it may be unknown
!

The white list is composed of all number series of equipment identities that are permitted for use The black list contains all equipment identities that belong to equipment that need to be barred Equipment on the grey list are not barred, but are tracked by the network (for evaluation or other purposes)

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

UMTS Core Network

Authentication Centre

The Authentication Centre (AuC) is associated with an HLR, and stores an identity key for each mobile subscriber registered with the associated HLR. This key is used to generate:
!

data which are used to authenticate the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI); a key used to cipher communication over the radio path between the mobile station and the network.

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UMTS Core Network

SMS Service Centre



The SMS-SC deals with the transfer of short of short text messages This works on a store and forward basis

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UMTS Core Network

Circuit Switched Domain



The CS domain deals with circuit switched type connections and the associated signalling
!

i.e. those connections that require a dedicated resource

Entities specific to the CS domain are:


! ! !

MSC GMSC VLR

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UMTS Core Network

Mobile Switching Centre



The Mobile-services Switching Centre (MSC) constitutes the interface between the radio system and the fixed networks. The MSC performs all necessary functions in order to handle the circuit switched services to and from the mobile stations UMTS MSCs can be expected to be identical in hardware to latest generation GSM MSCs, although with a different software version

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UMTS Core Network

Gateway MSC

If a network delivering a call to the PLMN cannot interrogate the HLR, the call is routed to an MSC. This MSC will interrogate the appropriate HLR and then route the call to the MSC where the mobile station is located. The MSC which performs the routing function to the actual location of the MS is called the Gateway MSC (GMSC).

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UMTS Core Network

Visitor Location Register



A mobile station roaming in an MSC area is controlled by the Visitor Location Register in charge of this area. When a Mobile Station (MS) enters a new location area it starts a registration procedure. The MSC in charge of that area notices this registration and transfers to the Visitor Location Register the identity of the location area where the MS is situated. If this MS is not yet registered, the VLR and the HLR exchange information to allow the proper handling of calls involving the MS. A VLR may be in charge of one or several MSC areas.

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UMTS Core Network

Packet Switched Domain

The PS domain deals with packet switched type connections and associated signalling
!

i.e. those that are comprised of concatenations of bits formed into packets, each of which can be routed independently

Entities specific to the PS domain are:


! !

SGSN GGSN

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UMTS Core Network

Essentially a router supporting packet data transfer within UMTS For packet switched data performs additionally the role of the VLR and contains:
!

Serving GPRS Support Node

Subscription information:
" The IMSI; " One or more temporary identities; " Zero or more PDP addresses.

Location information:
" Depending on the operating mode of the MS, the cell or the routing area where the MS is registered; " The VLR number of the associated VLR (if the Gs interface is implemented); " The GGSN address of each GGSN for which an active PDP context exists

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UMTS Core Network

Gateway GPRS Support Node

Acts as a gateway into the packet switched network much as the GMSC
!

subscription information:
" the IMSI; " zero or more PDP addresses.

location information:
" the SGSN address for the SGSN where the MS is registered.

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UMTS Core Network

UMTS System Areas

Location Area
! ! !

UEs registered on the CS domain report their position in terms of LA UEs in idle mode monitor Location Area Identities (LAIs) and report changes Stored in the VLR UEs registered on the PS domain report their position in terms of RA UEs in both idle and connected mode monitor Routing Area Identities (RAIs) and support changes Stored in the SGSN Used once a signaling/traffic connection is established A subset of a RA
" " Only relevant to PS mode of operation Used by the RNC (not really relevant to the CN)

Routing Area
! !

UTRAN Registration Area


! !

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UMTS Core Network

Questions

What are the advantages and disadvantages of having separate CS and PS Domains in the core network? Which entities are involved in Mobility Management of visiting users?

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UMTS Core Network

Session Summary

In this session we have looked at the major UMTS CN entities in:


! ! !

The CS Domain The PS Domain Shared entities

In the next session we shall look at the fixed network interfaces in UMTS

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