Universidad Tecnolgica Metropolitana

Qumica Industrial
Qumica General II

1

SOLUCIONES Gua de Ejercicios de pH

1. Cul es el pH de 250 mL de:
a) KOH 0.45 M

pOH = log OH pH = 14 pOH
pOH = log 0.45 pH = 14 0.34
pOH = 0.34 pH = 13.66

(


b) Ca(OH)
2
0.078 M

+2
2
0.078 M 2 0.078 M
0.078 M
0.156 M
Ca(OH) Ca 2 OH

+
pOH = log OH pH = 14 pOH
pOH = log 0.156 pH = 14 0.80
pOH = 0.80 pH = 13.20

(



c) HClO
4
0.068 M

+
pH = log H
pH = log 0.068
pH = 1.16
(


d) HNO
3
0.045 M

+
pH = log H
pH = log 0.045
pH = 1.34
(



2. Cul es el pH de 300 mL de:

a)
CH
3
COOH 0.066 M
5
a
K 1.75 10

=

3 3
3
e e a
3
CH COOH CH COO H
0 0 0
0.066 M
CH COO H
K K K
CH COOH
Si
Sf x x x
+
+
+

( (

= =
(



2
5
6 2
6
3
1.75 10
0.066
1.155 10
1.155 10
1.07 10 M
x
x
x
x
x

=
=
=

+
3
pH = log H
pH = log 1.07 10
pH = 2.97

(



Universidad Tecnolgica Metropolitana Dallits Sagredo Oyarce
Qumica Industrial
Qumica General II

2

b)
HNO
2
0.68 M
4
a
K 4.5 10

=
2 2
2
e e a
2
HNO H NO
0 0 0
0.68 M
H NO
K K K
HNO
Si
Sf x x x
+
+
+

( (

= =
(



2
4
4 2
4
4.5 10
0.68
3.06 10
3.06 10
0.017 M
x
x
x
x
x

=
=
=

+
pH = log H
pH = log 0.017
pH = 1.76
(



c)
NH
3
0.024 M
5
b
K 1.8 10

=
4 4
4
e e b
4
NH OH NH OH
0 0 0
0.024 M
NH OH
K K K
NH OH
Si
Sf x x x
+
+
+

( (

= =
(



2
5
7 2
7
4
1.8 10
0.024
4.32 10
4.32 10
6.57 10 M
x
x
x
x
x

=
=
=

4
pOH = log OH pH = 14 pOH
pOH = log 6.57 10 pH = 14 3.18
pOH = 3.18 pH = 10.82

(










Universidad Tecnolgica Metropolitana Dallits Sagredo Oyarce
Qumica Industrial
Qumica General II

3

3. Cul es el pH de 100 mL de solucin que tiene disuelto:

a)
0.7 mL de HCl
( )
g
m
m mL
32 % 1,19 =

3
3
1.19 gc 32 gp
0.83 gc 0.26 gp
1 mL 0.7 mL 100 gc 0.83gc
1 mol 7.12 10 moles
7.12 10 moles 0.0172 M
36.5 g 0.26 gp 100 mL 1000 mL
x x
x x

= =

= =


+
pH = log H
pH = log 0.0172
pH = 1.76
(



b) 0.4 g de NaOH, de un
m
m
90 %

3
3
90 gp 1 mol
0.36 gp 9 10 moles
100 gc 0.4 gc 40 g 0.36 gp
9 10 moles
0.09 M pOH = log OH pH = 14 pOH
100 mL 1000 mL
pOH = log 0.09 pH = 14 1.04
pOH = 1.04 pH = 12.96
x x
x

= =

( =




c)
0.8 mL de NH
3

( )
5 g
m
m mL b
62 % 0.9 K 1.8 10

= =

0.9 gc 62 gp
0.72 gc 0.44 gp
1 mL 0.8 mL 100 gc 0.72gc
1 mol 0.025 moles
0.025 moles 0.25 M
17 g 0.44 gp 100 mL 1000 mL
x x
x x
= =
= =


Universidad Tecnolgica Metropolitana Dallits Sagredo Oyarce
Qumica Industrial
Qumica General II

4

4 4
4
e e b
4
NH OH NH OH
0 0 0
0.25 M
NH OH
K K K
NH OH
Si
Sf x x x
+
+
+

( (

= =
(



2
5
6 2
6
3
1.8 10
0.25
4.5 10
4.5 10
2.12 10 M
x
x
x
x
x

=
=
=

3
pOH = log OH pH = 14 pOH
pOH = log 2.12 10 pH = 14 2.67
pOH = 2.67 pH = 11.33

(


d)
1.4 mL de CH
3
COOH
( )
5 g
m
m mL a
90 % 1.09 K 1.75 10

= =

1.09 gc 90 gp
1.52 gc 1.36 gp
1 mL 1.4 mL 100 gc 1.52gc
1 mol 0.02 moles
0.02 moles 0.2 M
60 g 1.36 gp 100 mL 1000 mL
x x
x x
= =
= =


3 3
3
e e a
3
CH COOH CH COO H
0 0 0
0.2 M
CH COO H
K K K
CH COOH
Si
Sf x x x
+
+
+

( (

= =
(



2
5
6 2
6
3
1.75 10
0.2
3.5 10
3.5 10
1.87 10 M
x
x
x
x
x

=
=
=

+
3
pH = log H
pH = log 1.87 10
pH = 2.72

(


Universidad Tecnolgica Metropolitana Dallits Sagredo Oyarce
Qumica Industrial
Qumica General II

5

4. Cul es la M de una solucin de:

a)
HCl de pH = 3.7
4
H 1.99 10 M
+
( =


b)
HNO
3
de pH = 2.5
3
H 3.16 10 M
+
( =


c) KOH de pH = 13.2

pOH = 14 pH
pOH = 14 13.2
pOH = 0.8
OH 0.15M

( =


d) NaOH de pH = 12.8

pOH = 14 pH
pOH = 14 12.8
pOH = 1.2
OH 0.063M

( =


e)
NH
3
de pH = 8.3
5
b
K 1.8 10

=

6
pOH = 14 pH
pOH = 14 8.3
pOH = 5.7
OH 1.99 10 M

( =



4 4
6 6
4
e e b
4
NH OH NH OH
1.99 10 M 1.99 10 M
NH OH
K K K
NH OH
Sf x
+

+
+

( (

= =
(


( )
2
6
5
12
4 5
7
4
1.99 10
1.8 10
3.96 10
NH OH
1.8 10
NH OH 2.2 10 M
x
x

( = =

( =











Universidad Tecnolgica Metropolitana Dallits Sagredo Oyarce
Qumica Industrial
Qumica General II

6

f)
CH
3
COOH de pH = 4.9
5
a
K 1.75 10

=

5
H 1.25 10 M
+
( =



3 3
5 5
3
e e a
3
CH COOH CH COO H
1.25 10 M 1.25 10 M
CH COO H
K K K
CH COOH
Sf x
+

+
+

( (

= =
(


( )
2
5
5
10
3 5
6
3
1.25 10
1.75 10
1.56 10
CH COOH
1.75 10
CH COOH 8.91 10 M
x
x

( = =

( =



5. Cul es la concentracin:

a)
v
v
% de 300 mL de solucin que tiene disuelto 2 mL de etanol

v
v
2 mL EtOH
0.66 %
300 mL soluc 100 mL soluc
x
=

b)
m
v
% de 200 mL de agua que disuelve 0.4 g de NaNO
3


3
m
v
0.4 g NaNO
0.19 %
200.4 mL soluc 100 mL soluc
x
=

c)
m
m
% de 1200 g de solucin que tiene disuelto 30 g de CuSO
4


4
m
v
30 g CuSO
2.5 %
1200 g soluc 100 g soluc
x
=







Universidad Tecnolgica Metropolitana Dallits Sagredo Oyarce
Qumica Industrial
Qumica General II

7

6. Cul es el pH de una mezcla:

a) 200 mL HCl 0.035 M + 300 mL de HCl 0.066 M

0.035 moles
0.007 moles HCl
1000 mL 200 mL
x
=
0.066 moles
0.0198 moles HCl
1000 mL 300 mL
x
=

0.007 moles HCl + 0.0198 moles HCl = 0.0268 moles HCl
200 mL solucin + 300 mL solucin = 500 mL solucin


+
0.0268 moles HCl
0.053 M
500 mL 1000 mL
pH = log H
pH = log 0.053
pH = 1.27
x
=
(

b) 48 mL NaOH 0.1 M + 100 mL NaOH 0.5 M + 50 mL de agua

0.1 mol
0.0048 moles NaOH
1000 mL 48 mL
x
=
0.5 moles
0.05 moles NaOH
1000 mL 100 mL
x
=

2
0.0048 moles NaOH + 0.05 moles NaOH = 0.0548 moles NaOH
48 mL solucin + 100 mL solucin + 50 mL H O = 298 mL solucin


0.0548 moles NaOH
0.18 M
298 mL 1000 mL
pOH = log OH pH = 14 pOH
pOH = log 0.18 pH = 14 0.74
pOH = 0.74 pH = 13.26
x

=
(