Fire and Gas system A basic understanding with our day to day job

WHY DO WE NEED FIRE & GAS PROTECTION SYSTEM????

Fire Detection /Mitigation systems:
Fire Detection Gas Detection Fire Suppression systems CO2, FM200, Deluge

How it Works Looks?

Emergency Shutdown (ESD) Systems

ICSS DCS/F&G/ESD systems.

Emergency Alarm Systems

PA system

Combustible Gases-Lower & Upper Limits*

*No differentiation between the terms Explosive and Flammable as applied to the lower and upper limits of flammability

Clean Air
Too lean for ignition

Too rich for ignition

50%

Combustibles

Typical Combustible Gas Detector Range of Measurement

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

How does Gas Detector work?

Detect & measure vapor before hazardous concentration is present Provide outputs to enable emergency action

00

4.0 milliamperes

LEL
Flammable hydrocarbon gas

No fault

24 VDC
+

Types of Gas Detectors

As per operating principle: 1. Catalytic: Combustibles 2. Infrared: Combustibles 3. Electrochemical: Mainly Toxic gases (H2S,Oxygen,Cl, SO2,) In our plant, we are having Catalytic and Infrared types, they again may be divided into point or open path detectors
1. Pointwatch Eclipse 2. Open Path Eclipse 3. Catalytic Sensor/CGS

Catalytic Sensor Operation

Active Element - Hot wire resistor coated with catalytic material Reference Element - Same as active but without catalyst Catalytic reaction when contact with flammable gas generates heat & changes Active resistance; reference resistance unchanged Explosion is prevented by Flame Arrestor Constant E or I power source required

Flammable gas

Combustible Gas Sensor (CGS) with DCUEX Tx

Point Infrared Detector Elements

Optical Beamsplitter Measurement Signal Detector

Permeable Gas Sapphire Mirror Cell

Optical Filters

Reference Signal Detector

Microprocessor and Electronics

Permeable Gas Cell

IR Source Lamp
Gas Concentration (LEL)

IR Transparent Window

Theory of Operation The infrared (IR) method of gas detection relies on the IR absorption characteristics of gases to determine their presence and concentration. IR gas detectors consist of an IR light source (transmitter) and light detector (receiver) to measure the intensity both at the absorption wavelength and a non-absorbed wavelength.

If gas is present in the optical path, it will affect the intensity of light transmitted between the light source and the detector.

This change in intensity provides the data for determining that a specific gas, or type of gas is present.

Open Path Gas Detector System Elements

10 - 60 m
Optical Beamsplitter

IR Source

Flammable hydrocarbon gas

Measurement Signal Detector

Optical Filters

Microprocessor and Electronics

Reference Signal Detector

As the IR beam reaches the receiver, it passes through a focusing lens and then passes through two narrow band IR filters an active and a reference wavelength. The detector computes the ratio between the two signals The instrument's output is a function of gas concentration times the length of the 8 surveillance path

Gas Concentration (LEL)

Fail-Safe Operation
Active Reference Active Reference

Clean Air

Failed Sensor

IR Signal Level

IR Signal Level

Active

Reference

Active

Reference

Hydrocarbon Gas

Failed IR-Source

IR Signal Level

IR Signal Level

Dirty Optics and Clean Air

Active

Reference

Failed Microprocessor = 0 mA
IR Signal Level

EQP Field Devices - Flame

UV/IR (X5200) - Single Frequency Infrared Flame Detector UV (X2200) UV flame detector IR (X9800) - Single Frequency Infrared Flame Detector Multispectrum IR (X3301) -

Ultraviolet Sensor Operating Principle

UV photons strike tube cathode Cathode releases electron Electron strikes gas molecule Cascade effect occurs to anode Discharge is quenched, creates pulse (count) output Pulse output measured in CPS (counts per second) counts/gate: # of pulses (cps) required to occur within one gate in order to qualify gate length: unit of time consec. gates: # of consecutive gates required to be satisfied before a fire alarm output is provided

Plastic housing Cathode

Anode

Quartz Envelope Oi Test Source circuit board connectors (a,b,c,d)

Det-Tronics UV Sensor

Arc Rejection Signal Processing

Signal Processing
Analyzes the raw IR sensor signal randomness Rejects signals that do not meet randomness criteria
No Fire Alarm

Fire Alarm!

Automatic optical integrity calibrated to perform at all operating temperatures Internal lamps test each sensor at the precise wavelength once per minute to verify operation.

Area with Detection & Suppression

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

System Cabinet
ha ex t us
D

E
Control Net

ure los nc

GT Exit/Entry RR Flextronics

Lube Oil console

X3301 Thermals Fuel Gas System

DUCTWATCH

DCIO
A A

SCALE: NONE
TOLERANCE UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ONE PLACE TWO PLACES THREE PLACES FRACTIONS ANGLES 0.0 0.00 0.000 X/XX DEGREES +/- .020 +/- .010 +/- .005 +/- 1/32 +/- 1

F.O. P.O. DESIGN BY: DATE: CHECKED BY:

XXX XXX Simon Pate 03/12/01

CUSTOMER: DETECTOR ELECTRONICS PROJECT: EAGLE QUANTUM

CONFIDENTIALTHIS DRAWING AND SPECIFICATION CONTAIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND ANY REPRODUCTION, DISCLOSURE, OR USE THEREOF IS EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF DETECTOR ELECTRONICS CORPORATION

DETECTOR ELECTRONICS CORPORATION 6901 WEST 110TH STREET MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55438 DRAWING TITLE SIZE DRAWING NUMBER REV

A REV

03/12/01 DATE

INITIAL RELEASE DESCRIPTION

LOGIC & C&E SYMBOL LEGEND

B 1

Fire Detector Cone of Vision

How it Communicates
BN- 300
BRANNALARM Tilpasningsenhet FIRE ALARM Interface unit KNUS GLASSET TRYKK HER PRESS HERE BREAK Nr. No. GLASS

Supervised Inputs Heats, Smokes and MACs DCIO Module

Agent Release UV/IR Fire Detection X5200 ARM

Signal / Audible Devices SAM

I/O Modules Relay AIM IPM

24 vdc power supply

UV Fire Detection X2200

IR Fire Detection X9800 IDC Network Extender Toxic Gas Detection DCU / DCUEX

Battery

PSM

HC Gas Detection Eclipse MIR Fire Detection X3301

Ports Configuration (serial port) RS-485 serial Link (Modbus RTU) Redundant media ControlNet

Premier Controller

Supervised Digital inputs

OPC option

Operator Interface Station running S3 software Ver 2.8

X3301 Multispectrum Infrared Flame Detector

Extended Cone of Vision Combines the longest detection range with the best false alarm rejection capabilities Automatic oi a calibrated performance test that is automatically performed once per minute to verify complete detector operation capabilities. No testing with an external test lamp is required. The detector automatically performs the same test that a maintenance person with a test lamp would perform Magnetic oi / Manual oi

Smoke Detector

Ionization Smoke Detector

Optical Smoke Detector

Sensing chamber is black molded to prevent light

The chamber consists of a infrared LED and a photo diode

Every 3 seconds LED emits a bunch of collimated lights. The light from LED does not fall directly to Diode as it is kept in some angle When smoke enters into the chamber, some of the light is scattered and detected by the photo diode. If the resulting signal from diode is above a threshold value, LED will emit two more bunch at an interval of 2 sec. If it goes high then alarm state will be latched.

Heat Detector

Fire Detection Systems

Fusible loop Smoke detector UV/IR detector

Sprinkler

3IR detector Thermal detector

Suppression Systems
TPP- EG LQ-MCC TCPP Deluge

TCPP Control Room

ATF Deluge

Fire & Gas Panel

FGP#2 - Mimic Panel FGP#1 FGP#3 TCPP Mimic Panel

Mini-vesda for LQ MCC

Fusible loop panel

TPP FGP computer

Alarms
Platform Emergency Alarm Abandon Platform Alarm

Extinguishing Gas to be Released alarm

Emergency Manual operation

Enclosed Area Protection

Manual Release

Manual Release

FM-200 Bank

Emergency Beckons