MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

Lecture 2

MEMBRANE STRESSES (continued)

MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

Lecture 2

MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

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MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

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TOROIDAL SHELL A toroid is generated by the rotation of a closed curve about an axis passing outside. A toroidal shell encloses an annular volume and may be considered as a pressure vessel

Donut

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Section the donut anywhere going through the axisymmetrical axis, it will give the same cross section. Let us section it at X-X.

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Find the principal stresses at B. Note that it will be the same all along that height around the outer surface of the donut.

Fy = 0; 2 unknowns, need another equation Need to section at A vertically and look at A-B curve.

y a

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= aB =

+ a ---------------(1)

always; the curve rotated to generate the 3D shape

Point of interest to the axisymmetric axis, ro = DB = b + a sin =

sin

---------------(2)

Need to find the three radii before finding .

Fy = 0;

2ro t sin = p(ro2 b2)

Using equilibrium equation,

p t
& r,

knowing ,

can be found.

MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

Lecture 2

i.e. is not a variable &

r = - p = 0

at inner surface at outer surface

= - p/2 at midway

Note: The meridional stress, needs to be computed only for quadrants I and III. For quadrants III and IV,

= same for
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For example ,

is the same

for = 30 & -30

Consider a thin axisymetric shell full of liquid with supports,

Section at AA, consider the top portion (simpler) i.e. shell + liquid: (1) Free Body Diagram:

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(2) ro, r, r = ?

(3) Axial force:

W + . 2rot sin = p. ro2

(4) using equilibrium equation,

r
can be found.

p t

(5) Determine r by inspection; r = - p/2 = -gh/2

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MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

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Solution 2: Consider shell only; (1) FBD:

p is variable requiring integration (must avoid use 1st method), but may still require integration for the weight of the liquid

(2) ro, r, r = ? (3) Axial force equation: . 2rot sin = R

(4) using equilibrium equation,

r
find .

p t

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MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

Lecture 2

Supplementary tutorial
Q14-A hopper is constructed from a cylindrical and a conical shell and is supported by a ring beam at the junction of the two shells as indicated. The conical shell has a half included angle of 55 and a wall thickness of 4 mm. The hopper contains a particulate material which can be considered to be a fluid of density 1,800 kg/m3. The maximum depth on material in the hopper is 10 m. Determine for point A on the inner surface of the conical shell and 3 m higher than the deepest point: (a) (b) the three principal stresses and hence the Tresca stress intensity at A.

Solution; = 90- 55 = 35o t = 4 mm = 1800 kg/m3 ro = 3 tan 55o r = ro/sin35o

r = (straight line)
p =gh = 1800*9.8*7 = 0.124 MPa

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MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

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Need W, get volume by integration

= 1.4281y m

Volume

V= = 57.6685m3

y)2 dy

Weight

W = gV
= 1800*9.81*57.6685 = 1.0183*106 N

Fy = 0; W + ro2p = . 2rot sin Substituting values, = 131.77 MPa 2 decimal point--- OK

using equilibrium equation,

p t

= 231.6 MPa 13

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Lecture 2

r = -p at inner surface
= 0 at inner surface = - p/2 = -0.062 MPa

Tresca Stress tr = max - min

= - r = 231.662 MPa

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MMAN3400 Mechanics of Solids 2

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Example

Recall that r1 = r and r2 = r

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Q12
Q12-A pressure vessel has a torispherical end of the cross section indicated. The internal diameter D of the cylindrical part, and also the crown radius R are 2000 mm. The knuckle radius r is 130 mm. The internal pressure in the vessel is 1 MPa.

(a) Determine the minimum value of the thickness t for the crown, if the primary general membrane stress intensity (average through thickness Tresca stress intensity) is to be limited to 2/3rds of the yield strength, where the yield strength is 250 MPa. (b) For the point A on the knuckle radius 50 mm up from the tangent line as indicated, determine the primary general membrane stress intensity if the thickness at this point is 5.5 mm.

Ignore discontinuity stresses, i.e. consider only simple membrane stress theory.

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Summary on Axisymmetric Shells (1) Sign Conventions:

Pressure:
o +p +ve o

-p -ve

and : Tensile +ve Compressive -ve

r and r:

o r -ve

o r +v

r +v r +ve o o

r is always positive.

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(2) Equations:

p t

(1)

2rotsin R = 0

(2)

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