CHAPTER 5 : ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE

Variables and Constants Important Concepts A variable is a quantity that changes with different conditions or time. e.g i. the number of populations of people in Malaysia each year. ii the temperature of Penang every month.

A constant is a quantity that does not change. e.g i the number sides of triangle. ii the number of days in January. Example 1. Determine if the quantity in each of the following situations is a variable or a constant. (a) (b) (c) (d) Number of days in August Sum of angles in a triangle Number of tourists in a week Sitis weight in the year 2006 1. Exercise Determine whether the quantity in each of the following situations is a variable or a constant. (a) The amount of sugar sold in a grocery shop every month Answer: (b) Answer: (a) constant (b) constant (c) variable (d) variable The number of hours in a day

Answer: (c) Answer: (d) The price of a computer for the last two years The distance from Ipoh to Johor Bahru

Answer:

Formulae Important Concepts A formula in general is an equation that shows relationships between a few variables. e.g A = r 2 + rl is a formula which shows the relationships between variables A, r and l

The subject of a formula is the variable of the formula which is expressed in terms of other variables.

Algebraic Formulae

e.g in the formula K = subject of the formula

The subject of a formula is a single linear variable written on the left1 the2 equation and its coefficient is 1 of

mv , K is written in terms of m and v. Hence , K is the

e.g in the formula p = 2m + 3 p, p is not the subject of the formula because p is found on both sides of the equal sign. 2. Example Write a formula to show the relationships between the variables in each of the following statements (a) The force exerted on an object, F is the product of its mass , m and its acceleration, a Answer: (a) Force exerted = mass x acceleration Hence F = ma Answer: 2. Exercise Write a formula to show the relationships between the variables in each of the following statements.

(a)

The potential energy of an object, P is the product of its mass, m , gravitational acceleration, g and height of the object above the ground, h

(b)

The final velocity of an object, v, is equal to the initial velocity, u , plus the product of its acceleration, a and the duration of time it has travelled, t Answer:

(c)

The area of a triangle, A is equal to half of the product of the base length, b and the height, h , of the triangle Answer:

Algebraic Formulae

Example 3. (a) Construct a formula for each of the following: The sum of two numbers r and s is 10 Answer: (b) The area of a square with sides of x cm each is A cm2 (a) Answer: r + s = 10 3.

Exercise Miss Lim has RMx. She uses the money to buy p books costing RM6 each, and still has a balance of Rmy. Write a formula for the amount of money she has left

(b) A = x x = x2 4. Determine the subject of the following formulae 4. State the subject in each of the following formulae

(a)

p= L=

k v 1 ( a + b )t 2

(a)

a=

vu t

(b) (c)

Answer:

v = u + at + 3v
Answer:

(b)

s = ut +
Answer:

1 2 at 2

(a)

p is the subject of the formula (c)

(b) L is the subject of the formula (c) There is no subject of the formula

m (v u ) = I
Answer:

(d)

4r 2 = A
Answer:

(e)

m (v u ) =F t
Answer:

Algebraic Formulae

5. (a)

Exercise State whether the variable p in each of the following formulae is the subject.

Exercise

p = mq + r

(c).

p=

mr y d

Answer:

Answer:

(b)

p=

mp + q r

(d)

p = y 2 pr
Answer:

Answer:

6. (a)

Example In each of the following formulae , express m as the subject.

6. (a)

Exercise Change each of the following formulae so that the variable stated in brackets becomes the subject.

p = m3
Solution:

k = p+l
Solution:

[l]

p = m3 p +3 = m3+3 Therefore, m = p + 3 k =m+q

Add 3 to each side

(b)

(b)

m = qd
Solution:

[q]

Solution:

k =m+q k q = m+qq Therefore, m = k q

Minus q to each side

Algebraic Formulae

Example (c)

m =u 4
Solution:

(c)

m = p 2q
Solution:

Exercise [p]

m =u 4 m Multiply each side by 4 4 = u4 4 Therefore, m = 4u

(d)

mh = t
Solution:

(d)

6m + 3n = 2t [n]
Solution:

mh = t mh t = h h

Divide each side by h

Therefore, m =

t h

(e)

z = y 2 3x
Express y as the subject Solution:

(e)

5k = h 3 p 2

[p]

Solution:

y 3x = z
2

y 2 = z + 3x y = z + 3x

(f)

2m =

3k 2 3

(f)

e = f g 7
Express g as the subject

Express k as the subject Solution :

Algebraic Formulae

3k 2 = 2m 3 3k 2 = ( 2 m) 2 3 3k 2 = 3(4m 2 ) 3k = 12m 2 + 2 12m 2 + 2 k= 3

Example Evaluate each of the following Given that y = 6 x + 3t 2 , find the value of y when x = 3 and t = 2

(g)

m= p t
Express t as the subject Solution:

Exercise 7. (a) Given that y = 3x z2, find the value of y when x = 5 and z=3 Solution:

7.

Solution y = 6x + 3t2 = 6(3) + 3(2)2 = 18 + 12 = 30 Exercise (b) Given that p =

Exercise (c)

of p when q = 12 and r = 4 Solution:

r 3q , find the value r+2

RT Given V = , find the value of T when V=24 and 3+ R

R=4 Solution:

(d) Given that y = k + 2 p, find the value of k when y = 10 and p = 3 Solution:

(e)

Given that J = m 2 5k , find the positive value of m when J = 14 and k = 7 Solution:

Algebraic Formulae

Questions based on examination format

1. Given that 3 p = 4q + 5, then q = A. 5.

Given that A.

3p 5 4 3p +5 4

C.

3p 5 4 3p + 5 4
6.

4(5r t ) = 3 , then t = t 20r 5r C. 7 4

D.

B. 2.

D.

B.

5r 7

7r 4

Given that m 2 = n 2 + 4 p 2 . Express n in terms of m and p A. B. C. D.

Given that T = 16 3R 2 , then R = A.

n = m2 2 p2 n = m2 4 p2 n = m 2p n = m 4p 6m n = 2 , then m = 5 100 + n (100 + n) 2 C. 6 6 (20 + n) 2 6

D. 7.

16 + T 3 T + 16 3

C.

16 T 3 T 16 3

B.

D.

3.

Given that A.

Given that w = A. B.

B. 4.

20 + n 6
8.

3 , then u = 3u 2 2w 3 2 + 3w C. 2w 2w 2 3w 3 + 2w D. 3w 3w

Given that A.

7 = 2, then k = 3k + h 7 2h 7 2h C. 3 6 7h 3
D.

Given that 5 p A.

4m = 2, then p = 3 4m + 2 4m + 6 C. 15 15 4m + 2 5
D.

B.

7h 6

B.

4m + 6 5

Algebraic Formulae

9.

Given the formula m = 3(2h + k ) . Express h as the subject of the formula. A. B.

14.

Given that the perimeter of a rectangle is P cm and the length is l cm. If the area of the rectangle is 64 cm 2 , express P in terms of l A. B. C. D.

m 3k 6 3k m 3

C. D.

mk 6 mk 3

l 2 + 64 2l 2 l + 128 P= 2l 2 2l + 64 P= l 2 2l + 128 P= l P= x = 4 then y = y 1

C.

10. Given the formula p 3 = 4, find the value of p if m = 5 A. B.

m+3

15.

Given that

5 2 7 2

C. D.

1 4 5 4
16.

A.

x+8 8 x +1 16

B.

x + 16 16

D.

11. Given the formula

p 4 = 5. Express p as the 3n

subject of the formula. A. p = (8n + 4) 2 B. C. D.

If r = A. B.

p = (15n + 4) 2 p = 8n 2 + 16 p = 225n 2 + 16
17.

3 , then s = 3s 1 3+ r C. 3r 3+ r D. 9 r = 5 , then m = 2 5+r C. 2 5+r D. 6

1+ r 3 2 3r

2 m2 = 3. then m = 12. Given that 1 n A. C. 5 3n 3n 1

B.

If 3m A. B.

5 + 3n

D.

3n + 1

10 + r 5 10 + r 6

Algebraic Formulae

13. Given that h = 5 + k , find the value of k if

18.

h=5

Given that E = mc 2 , find the value of c if E = 250 and m = 10 A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 25

A. B.

5 6 5 26

C. D.

5 4 5 24
20.

19. A book costing RMx is given a discount of RM2 if paid in cash. If Sarah pays RMQ cash for 6 books, then A. B. C. D. Q = 6(x 2) Q = 6x 2 Q = x 12 Q = 2x 6

The fare for a journey is RMx for a child and RMy for an adult. If the total fare for 5 children and 10 adults is RMJ, then A. B. C. D.

J J J J

= 5 x + 10 y = 5 xy = 10 x + 5 y = 50 xy

Past Year SPM Questions

November 2003 1. Given that A. B. Jun 2004

p 5 p 1 = , then n = 3 n
C. D.

3(5 p 1) 2 p 3(5 p 2 1) p2

5 p 1 9 p 5 p 1 9 p
2

2.
A. p =

Given that 1 + w =

3 2w 2 3 w B. p = 2

5 2p , then p in terms of w is 2

7w 2 5 4w D. p = 2
C. p =

Algebraic Formulae

November 2004 3. Given that A. B. Jun 2005 4. Given that g (h + 1) 3h = 5 g , express h in terms of g A. B. November 2005 5. Given that y = A. B. Jun 2006 6. Given that k = A. B. November 2006 7.
2

2t = 3 , then n = n 1
C. D.

36t + 1

2t 1 3 2t + 1 3
2

( 6t 1)

1 4g 2 1 5g h= 3 g h=

C. D.

6g g 3 4g h= g 3 h=

w , express w in terms of y 1+ w y w= C. 1 y y w= D. 1+ y 4+m , then m = 4m

C. D.

1 y y 1+ y w= y w=

4k 4 1+ k 4k + 4 1 k

k 1 1+ k k +1 1 k

8m 2n = mn + n, express m in terms of n. 3 n 5n A. m = C. m = 8 3n 3n 8
Given that B. m =

n 3n 8

D. m =

5n 8 3n

Algebraic Formulae

10

November 2007 8. Given that T =

1 m express m in terms of T and K. 3 K

C. m =

A. m = 9KT 2

T2 9K
D. m =

B. m = 3KT 2 Jun 2007 9.

T2 3K

It is given that 8 = p 2 pq express q in terms of p. A. q = p ( p 8)

2

p2 8 C. q = p 8 p2 D. m = p express H in terms of T and M.. 100 T 2M C. 2 T

D.

B. q = p (8 p )
2

November 2008 10. Given that T = 10 A.

1 H +M

10 M T2 100 M T2

B. June 2008 11.

10 TM T2

Given that k ( m + 2) = 3m express m in terms of k. A. m =

k 2 2 k+2 2

C. m =

k 2 4 k+2 4

B. m =

D. m =

Algebraic Formulae

11

ANSWERS Chapter 5 Algebraic Formulae EXERCISES No.1. (a) (b) (c) (d) No.2 (a) (b) (c) a variable a constant a constant a variable P = mgh v = u + at 1 A = bh 2 RMy = RMx 6 p a is the subject of the formula s is the subject of the formula I is the subject of the formula A is the subject of the formula F is the subject of the formula p is the subject of the formula p is not the subject of the formula p is the subject of the formula p is not the subject of the formula l=kp q = m +d p = m + 2q 2t 6m n= 3 h 5k p= 3 e g = +7 f m t = p
2 2

No.7 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

y=6 p=4 T =42 k = 16 m = +7

No.3. No.4. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) No.5. (a) (b) (c) (d) No.6. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS C B D C A C D C A A B C D D B A D C A A

Algebraic Formulae

12

SPM Past years questions No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8 No.9 No. 10 No. 11 B A D D A A D A C C B

Algebraic Formulae

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