Case study 5

Correlation is a statistical measurement of the relations between the two variables. The possible correlation range is from +1 to -1. There are three indications about the correlations of the two variables. A correlation of 1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, meaning that as one variable goes up, the other goes down (with an inverse relationship). A correlation of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, meaning that both variables move in the same direction together (with a direct relationship). A zero correlation indicates that there is no relationship between the variables (with no relationship). The study is about Life-Course

Socioeconomic Position and Incidence of Diabetes

Mellitus Among Blacks and Whites: The Alameda County Study, 1965-1999.

The researchers examined associations between several life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) measures (childhood SEP, education, income, occupation) and diabetes incidence from 1965 to 1999 in a sample of 5422 diabetes-free Black and White participants in the Alameda County Study. Race-specific Cox proportional hazard models estimated diabetes risk associated with each SEP measure. Demographic

confounders (age, gender, marital status) and potential pathway components (physical inactivity, body composition, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, depression, access to health care) were included as covariates of the study. Diabetes incidence was twice as high for Blacks as for Whites. Diabetes risk factors independently increased risk, but effect sizes were greater among Whites. Low childhood SEP elevated risk for both racial groups. Protective effects were suggested for low education and blue-collar occupation among Blacks, but these factors increased risk for Whites. Income was protective for Whites but not Blacks. Covariate adjustment had negligible effects on associations between each SEP measure and diabetes incidence for both racial groups. These findings suggest an important role for life-course SEP measures in determining risk of diabetes, regardless of race and after adjustment for factors that may confound or mediate these associations.

Childhood Obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or wellbeing. Genetics, behaviour, environment and certain socio-demographics are some of the factors which contribute the rising of Childhood Obesity. There are many ways on how to prevent this growing obesity epidemic. By promoting healthy habits and healthy weight is one of the ways. This could be done by having healthful behaviours, by encouraging the children in healthy eating habits and some physical activities.

The correlation that should be included in the study is the relation of the childhood obesity and ................................................................................................................... d ko lam panu gawen toh...d q kz lam prob ng topic...