kMany people believe that the definition of a normal bowel movement is having 1 movement each day, but that

is not true for everyone.

There is no rule for frequency of bowel movements, but the general range is from 3 times a day to 3 times a week. Less than 3 movements a week may indicate constipation, and more than 3 watery stools a day could indicate diarrhea. Pathophysiology Approximately 8 to 9 L of fluid enter the intestines daily1 to 2 L represents food and liquid intake, and the rest is from endogenous sources such as salivary, gastric, pancreatic, biliary, and intestinal secretions. Most of the fluid, about 6 to 7 L, is absorbed in the small intestine, and only about 1 to 2 L is presented to the colon. Most of this is absorbed as it passes through the colon, leaving a stool output of about 100 to 200 g/day. Although many organisms simply impair the normal absorptive processes in the small intestine and colon, others, organisms, such as Vibrio cholerae, secrete a toxin that causes the colonic mucosa to secrete, rather than absorb, fluid and electrolytes. Voluminous diarrhea may result .Diarrhea-causing pathogens are usually transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Risk factors for this type of transmission include improper disposal of feces and lack of proper hand washing following defecation and feces contact before handling food. Other risk factors include improper food hygiene, inadequate food refrigeration, food exposure to flies, and consumption of contaminated water. Multiple host factors that determine the level of illness once exposure to infectious agents has occurred include age, personal hygiene, gastric acidity and other barriers, intestinal motility, enteric microflora, immunity, and intestinal receptors. Viruses (e.g., adenovirus, rotavirus, Norwalk virus) are the most common cause of diarrhea in the United States.Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, and Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella spp. are common bacterial causes.Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and others cause food poisoning.Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora spp. are parasitic or protozoal agents that cause diarrhea. Acute watery diarrhea is most commonly seen with traveler's diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), parasite-induced diarrhea from Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. and, in cases of food poisoning (ingestion of preformed toxins), from B. cereus and S. aureus. Some infectious agents cause mucosal inflammation, which may be mild or severe. Bacteria such as enteroadherent or enteropathogenic E. coli and viruses such as rotavirus, Norwalk agent, and HIV can cause minimal to moderate inflammation. Bacteria that destroy enterocytes such as Shigella, enteroinvasive E. coli, the parasite E. histolytica, and bacteria that penetrate the mucosa such as Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, and Yersinia enterocolitica result in moderate to severe inflammation with or without ulceration. Ingestion of preformed toxin produced by bacteria such as B. cereus, S. aureus, and Clostridium perfringens can result in acute jejunitis. Aeromonas, Shigella, and Vibrio spp. (e.g., V. parahaemolyticus) produce enterotoxins and also invade the intestinal mucosa. Patients therefore often present with watery diarrhea, followed within hours or days by bloody diarrhea. Bacteria that produce inflammation from cytotoxins include Clostridium difficile and hemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7. Exudative diarrhea results from extensive injury of the small bowel or colon mucosa as a result of inflammation or ulceration, leading to a loss of mucus, serum proteins, and blood into the bowel lumen. Increased fecal water and electrolyte excretion results from impaired water and electrolyte absorption by the inflamed intestine rather than from secretion of water and electrolytes into the exudates. Noninfectious causes of diarrhea include inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ischemic bowel disease, partial small bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess in the rectosigmoid area, fecal impaction, and the ingestion of poorly absorbable sugars, such as lactulose and acute alcohol ingestion. Diarrhea is one of the most frequent adverse effects of prescription medications; it is important to note that drugrelated diarrhea usually occurs after a new drug is initiated or the dosage increased.

Diarrhea kills 10,000 Pinoy kids every year - WHO Dr. Maria Ricardo, health specialists revealed that the Philippines ranks second among 13 countries included in the census in terms of the number of diarrhea cases. Statistics likewise showed that the country is the second largest contributor to diarrhea morbidity in the world, next to China with 593,372 deaths based on the 2000 census conducted by the group. BRATTY is an acronym for bananas, rice, applesauce, toast, tea and yogurt. These foods, especially when eaten together, can help to firm bowel movements. In the past physicians recommended the BRAT diet only, which did not include tea and yogurt, but the BRATTY diet is now preferred given the beneficial qualities in yogurt. Bananas have high potassium content, which is excellent for replacing lost potassium. They also have a healthy balance of starch and fruit sugars that can help firm bowel movements. Rice and white or wheat toast should be served without added spices or butter, since fats and spices may prolong frequent or watery bowel movements.

Applesauce or even whole apples are a great source of pectin, a natural bulking agent. Green tea or weak black tea, preferably decaffeinated, helps to replace lost fluids. There arent enough ways to sing the praise of yogurt, which contains natural live cultures that help restore intestinal balance. After a day or two of diarrhea, the body is usually depleted of good bacteria in the gut, and this depletion can prolong the number of days you have loose bowel movements. By replacing these bacteria with the live cultures in yogurt, you can restore this balance more quickly than the body would be able to do on its own. Another reason yogurt is great is that it provides a much greater supply of protein than do other foods on the BRATTY diet. This makes it possible to stay on the diet for several days if needed without skipping on protein. Its usually recommended that you remain on the diet until a day or two after diarrhea has ceased. Another reason yogurt is great is that it provides a much greater supply of protein than do other foods on the BRATTY diet. This makes it possible to stay on the diet for several days if needed without skipping on protein. Its usually recommended that you remain on the diet until a day or two after diarrhea has ceased. There are some common mistakes with the BRATTY diet that can negate its effects. As mentioned above, toast and rice should be served plain. Read labels of yogurt to be sure it contains live cultures and make sure it is minimally sweetened, preferably with fruit juice only, or you can eat it plain if you dont mind the sour taste. A plain yogurt and banana shake is nice and sweet. Dont substitute apple juice for applesauce or raw apples. Apple juice tends to work as a natural laxative. Try to stick with decaffeinated tea and dont use herbal teas, which might prolong diarrhea. Skip additives to your tea like milk, honey, sugar or sugar substitutes.

You should also avoid common sports drinks like Gatorade, since their high sugar content can result in more diarrhea. To replace lost fluid try water, tea, or electrolyte replacing formulas like Pedialyte. When you frequently have loose bowel movements, consider adding fiber supplements to your diet. Though fiber can have a softening effect on stools, it can also help bulk it up, resulting in fewer bowel movements that are easier to pass. If youve never had diarrhea that lasts for more than a day or two, especially if its accompanied by fever, you should see a physician for more guidance. Certain bacterial and parasitic infections need treatment with medication to resolve.

THE SATURDAYS LYRICS

Send "Higher" Ringtone to your Cell

"Higher" I'm doing nothing; Coz then at least I'm doing nothing wrong. And I'm staying on my own, And turn off my telephone, But nothing's gained, nothing's won. Yeah, you can tell them, Yeah, you can say whatever; I don't care, yeah. But if you wanna play it cool, Then I got news for you, It's getting hotter, hotter in here... So, when I speak, listen This is my decision, But you keep on messing up the words (oh, oh, oh) So when I speak, listen, Coz you keep on pushing, Like I need permission to be heard (oh, oh, oh) I'm gonna lift it, lift it, Higher! I'm gonna lift it, lift it, Higher! So when I speak, listen, This is my decision, But you keep on messing up the words. It's getting closer, I'm movin' in and yeah I think you know, And I am sick of playing games, And I'm not go'n say no names, But you and I know who to blame. Yeah, you can tell 'em Yeah, you can go ahead and put it straight, Coz I am finishing myself, And I do not need your help, I'm gonna do this tonight. So, when I speak, listen This is my decision, But you keep on messing up the words (oh, oh, oh) So when I speak, listen, Coz you keep on pushing,

Like I need permission to be heard (oh, oh, oh) I'm gonna lift it, lift it, Higher! I'm gonna lift it, lift it, Higher! So when I speak, listen, This is my decision, But you keep on messing up the words. I'm gonna lift it, lift it... When you say higher, I go Higher! I'm gonna lift it, lift it... Yeah, you can try, but I go Higher! I'm gonna lift it, lift it... The only thing that I've been tryin' to do is listen, so listen! So, when I speak, listen This is my decision, (yeah, yeah!) But you keep on messing up the words (oh, oh, oh) (You keep on messing up my words!) So when I speak, listen, Coz you keep on pushing, Like I need permission to be heard (oh, oh, oh) I'm gonna lift it, lift it, Higher! I'm gonna lift it, lift it, Higher! So when I speak, listen, This is my decision, But you keep on messing up the words.

Vital Functions of Salt in the Body 1. Salt is most effective in stabilizing irregular heartbeats and, Contrary to the misconception that it causes high blood pressure, it is actually essential for the regulation of blood pressure - in conjunction with water. Naturally the proportions are critical. 2. Salt is vital to the extraction of excess acidity from the cells in the body, particularly the brain cells. 3. Salt is vital for balancing the sugar levels in the blood; a needed element in diabetics. 4. Salt is vital for the generation of hydroelectric energy in cells in the body. It is used for local power generation at the sites of energy need by the cells. 5. Salt is vital to the nerve cells' communication and information processing all the time that the brain cells work, from the moment of conception to death. 6. Salt is vital for absorption of food particles through the intestinal tract. 7. Salt is vital for the clearance of the lungs of mucus plugs and sticky phlegm, particularly in asthma and cystic fibrosis. 8. Salt is vital for clearing up catarrh and congestion of the sinuses. 9. Salt is a strong natural antihistamine. 10. Salt is essential for the prevention of muscle cramps. 11. Salt is vital to prevent excess saliva production to the point that it flows out of the mouth during sleep. Needing to constantly mop up excess saliva indicates salt shortage. 12. Salt is absolutely vital to making the structure of bones firm. Osteoporosis, in a major way, is a result of salt and water shortage in the body. 13. Salt is vital for sleep regulation. It is a natural hypnotic. 14. Salt is a vitally needed element in the treatment of diabetics. 15. Salt on the tongue will stop persistent dry coughs. 16. Salt is vital for the prevention of gout and gouty arthritis. 17. Salt is vital for maintaining sexuality and libido. 18. Salt is vital for preventing varicose veins and spider veins on the legs and thighs. 19. Salt is vital to the communication and information processing nerve cells the entire time that the brain cells work - from the moment of conception to death. 20. Salt is vital for reducing a double chin. When the body is short of salt, it means the body really is short of water. The salivary glands sense the salt shortage and are obliged to produce more saliva to lubricate the act of chewing and swallowing and also to supply the stomach with water that it needs for breaking down foods. Circulation to the salivary glands increases and the blood vessels become "leaky" in order to supply the glands with water to manufacture saliva. The "leakiness" spills beyond the area of the glands themselves, causing increased bulk under the skin of the chin, the cheeks and into the neck. 21. Sea salt contains about 80 mineral elements that the body needs. Some of these elements are needed in trace amounts. Unrefined sea salt is a better choice of salt than other types of salt on the market. Ordinary table salt that is bought in the super markets has been stripped of its companion elements and contains additive elements such as aluminum silicate to keep it powdery and porous. Aluminum is a very toxic element in our nervous system. It is implicated as one of the primary causes of Alzheimer's disease. 22. Twenty-seven percent of the body's salt is in the bones. Osteoporosis results when the body needs more salt and takes it from the body. Bones are twenty-two percent water. Is it not obvious what happens to the bones when we're deficient in salt or water or both.