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For Znd Year Mechonicol Section
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Theory of mochines
: m"t"Fa
mkI_
Radius of gyration of the flywheel in meters, Mass moment of inertia of the flywheel about its axis of rotation in kg-m2
I-m* l*
/V*u* and Nmin
/V
N *non =
N*u*
* N*tn
2
o)max
;tnd ttrmin= Maximum and minimum angular speeds during the cycle in radr's,
co
* O*in
2
*"on =
Ks
Nr* - N*in
N
0*u* - 0*in
@*"on
^"o,
Theory of mqchines
-t*fltliEEl
[, -l* I*af
2
in N.m
or Joule
to
o)min,
Minimum K.E.
AE AE
-1* I * 0)'** 2
* I * al2 *in
-1* I * (al'^u* 2
[,
'(t) 2 min
AE =^f*
@*u*
")
O^in
0 *"on
LE - m*
k2
tr
Au^"on
*K,
,-- RorC->,
LE-m{<R'*a)'*"on*K,
LE-m*vz*K,
v ; is the velocity
Theory of rnqchines
I
L.'Work done per cycle =
Tmean
Ffuuhee.l
Work done
The work done per cycle (in N-m or joules) may be obtained by using the following two relations: Xe
Where:
T^"rn = Mean torque,
,@ 0
= 2o, in case of steam engine and two stroke internal combustion enginesj
0 -
2. The work done per cycle may also be obtained by using the following relatlor1
P * 60
n
engines.
Theory of mochines
Flywheel
Examplel. The turning moment diagram for a petror engine is drawn to the fotlowing scales: iurning moment, r mm = s N-m; crank angle, 7 mm ro. The =
turning moment diagram repeats itsetf at every half revolution of the engine and the.areas above and below the mean turning moment line taken in order are 295, 685, 40, 340, 960, 270 mm2. The rotating parts are equivarent to a mass of 36 kg at a radius of gYration of 150 mm. Determine the coefficient of fluctuation of speed when the engine runs at 1800 r.p.m.
Crank aftgle
at8:E+
atC=E+
29s
295
- 6Bs - E - 390 Energy atD-E- 390 + 40 = E- 350 Energy atE- E- 350 - 340 - E - 690 Energy atF- E- 690 + 960-E+270 -sEnergy atG=E+ 270 - 270-E=EnergyatA
e AE = Maximum energy
...(Minimum energy)
ion
of
- Minimum energy AE = (E + 295) - (E - 690) = 985 mm2 - The given scale is lmm2 - 5* l* Qf llg0; - 0.0g73 So, AE = 985 * 0.0873 = 86 Joule
Since, AE:[*r'*.**Ks
N.m
Theory of mqchines
Fb'wheel
Example 2- The mass of flywheet of an engine is 6.s tones and the radius of gyration is 7-8 meters. It is found from the turning moment diagram that the fluctuation of energy is s6 kN.m. If the mean speed of the engine is 720 r.p.m.,
-find the maximum and minimum speeds. Givens:
LE - I * o' *"or* K, - I * @*ron* (@*u*- @*in) 56 x 103 = m x R2 x N^"u, (ff.u* - /Vmin).x $Tt/$01 6Q))
IUrnu*
Iy'min
L2O-(N*u**Nrnin)/2
or
N.ur*Nm.n= L20xZ=240
From equations (r) and
/Umax =
r.p.m
.(ii)
(ii),
LZL I.P.ffi.,
and
ffnrin
= 119 r.p.m.
Theory of machines
Flythu)
Example 3. A shaft fitted with a ftywheel rotates at 250 r.p.m. and drives a machine. The torque of machine varies in a cyctic manner over a period of 3 revolutions. The torque rises from 7so N-m to 3000 N-m uniformty during 1/2 revolution and remains constant for the foilowing revolution. It then falts uniformly to 750 N-m during the next 1/2 revotution and remains constant for
one revolution, the cycle being repeated thereafter. Determine the power required to drive the machine and percentage fluctuation in speed, if the driving torque applied to the shaft is constant and the mass of the
Given:
N-250
r.p.m.
or -z
x250lG0:26.2radls ;nx:500kg;
;
k:600mm:0.6m
;
The turning moment $iagrary tbr the comSilete cycle is shown'in the Figure:
3000
1125
1
o E o
E
875
s F
I
.g
Ct
750
it
Inru.
[*r
2x
Re-v.
3n
4n
5n
FIev.
6n
-*l
angle
-+
Theory of rnochines
Ftyrlrce.l
we know that the torque required for one complete cycle = Area of figure
OA
BCDEF
ArCA BCHG
+ ArCA CDH
(3000
tt
250
N-m
(r)
If Tmean is the mean torque in N-m, then torque required for one complete cycle
=
From equations
Tmean
x 6 zu N-m
...(ii) N-m
Tmean=11
250nfGn-1875
T*"un X
(Dmean
kW
Ans,
First of all, let us find the varues of LM and /vp. From similar triangles ABG and BLM,
LM
AG =_BG
BM
OT
OV LI'7=--":TC)
or LH =0,$ A-
NP HI}
Ctr
CH
of
AIP
- 0,.5 lr
since the area above the mean torque line represents the maximum fluctuation of energy, therefore, maximum fluctuation of energy,
Theory of mochines
FFirneel
= (0.5) x LM x BM + MN x BM + (0.5) x NP x
= (0.50)
CN
x (0.5) zu x LI25*
2n
= BB37 N-m
We know that maximum fluctuation of energy (AE),
BB37