Skills Review

Chapter 2

Forces And Motion

1 Which of the following quantities are scalar quantities?

Deceleration

Velocity

Distance

Speed

Answer: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Define
(a) displacement:
(b) velocity:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) acceleration:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 Write down the equations of motion. State the meaning of each symbol used.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 A stone is thrown vertically upwards from the ground with velocity 20 m s1. What is the maximum height achieved
by the stone?

5 An object experiences deceleration of 6 m s2 and is stopped in 4 s. What is the initial velocity of the object?

6 An object moves with an initial velocity 20 m s1 and experiences a retardation of 4 m s2. What is the distance
travelled between the second second and the fifth second?

7 A car moves with an initial velocity of 15 m s1 and accelerates with constant acceleration 4 m s2 for 50 seconds.
What is the total distance travelled?

8 When a driver stops his car from a velocity of 64 m s1 in 8 s, calculate the

(a) deceleration, and

(b) total displacement of the car.

9 A van moves from rest with an acceleration of 2 m s2. If the total displacement of the van is 120 m, calculate the
(a) final velocity of the van, and

(b) total time taken to come to a stop.

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Skills Review

Chapter 2

Forces And Motion

1 Calculate the average velocity shown on the ticker tape in the diagram below.
10 ticks

15 cm

The average velocity =

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 In a ticker-timer experiment to study the motion of an object,

a graph of 10 ticks tapes is plotted side-by-side against time.
Determine the
(a) initial velocity,

(b) final velocity, and

(c) acceleration of the object.

Direction of motion of trolley

12 cm

The figure above shows a ticker tape acquired when it is attached to a moving trolley. The frequency of the supplied
a.c. current to the ticker timer is 50 Hz.
(a) Describe the motion of the trolley.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) What is the total time to obtain a stretch of 12 cm length of the ticker tape?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Calculate the average velocity of the trolley.

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Chapter 2

Skills Review

Forces And Motion

1 From the four displacement-time graphs shown

below, comment on the velocity of each graph.

The figure shows a displacement-time graph of an

object. Calculate
(a) the total displacement of the object,

Graph A:

______________________________________________________________

Graph B:

______________________________________________________________

Graph C:

______________________________________________________________

Graph D:

______________________________________________________________

(b) the velocity of the object.

2
4

Comment the velocity of each of the displacementtime graph given above.

Graph P:

______________________________________________________________

Graph Q:

______________________________________________________________

The figure shows a graph of displacement s against t

for an object.
(a) Calculate the gradient of the graph m.

(b) Write an equation which relates s and t.

_______________________________________________________________________

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Chapter 2

Skills Review

Forces And Motion

1 The graphs on the right show tape cuttings, each of 10 ticks,

arranged side-by-side and consecutively. Comment on the
acceleration of each graph.
Graph P:

________________________________________________________________________

Graph Q:

________________________________________________________________________

Graph R:

________________________________________________________________________

Graph S:

________________________________________________________________________

2 The figure shows a graph of velocity v against time t.

(a) State the physical quantity represented by the
gradient of the graph.
___________________________________________________________________________

(b) Calculate the gradient of the graph.

(c) Write down an equation which relates v and t.

___________________________________________________________________________

(d) Calculate the total distance travelled by the object.

3 The figure shows a velocity-time graph for a student

who rode bicycle from his house to school.
(a) Explain whether the student stopped along the
journey.
___________________________________________________________________________

(b) What is the time taken, in minutes, for the student

to reach the school?
___________________________________________________________________________

(c) State which

experiences
(i)

part

uniform velocity:

of

the

students

journey

______________________________________________

(ii) acceleration:

_____________________________________________________

(iii) deceleration:

_____________________________________________________

(d) Calculate the distance travelled in the first 10 seconds.

(e) What is the distance of the school from the students house?

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Skills Review

Chapter 2

10

Forces And Motion

1 Suggest two ways to reduce the negative effect of inertia on the driver of a car during an accident.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 For an object moving with a uniform velocity, the object will continue to move with that velocity unless acted upon
by an ______________________________.

3 A ball rolling on a horizontal surface will eventually stop. Does this contradict Newtons first law of motion?
Give the reason for your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 What happens to a passenger standing in a moving bus when the bus suddenly stops? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 A ball rolls down an inclined plane to a smooth horizontal

surface. What will happen to the ball on the horizontal
surface?
Smooth surface
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

6 An astronaut throws a stone away from him as shown in the figure on the right.
What will happen to the stone?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 What is the purpose of headrests placed in cars?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Skills Review

Chapter 2

11

Forces And Motion

1 A homemade cannon is placed on an inertia cart as

shown. A little fuel is pumped into the cannon
chamber. When the fuel is ignited, the tennis ball is
propelled through the muzzle of the cannon.
(a) What is the total momentum before explosion?

(b) What is the total momentum after explosion?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

(c) State the directions of motion of the inertia cart

and the tennis ball after explosion.

(d) Compare the velocities of the inertia cart and the

tennis ball after explosion. Give reason.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

2 Two boys are each standing on a trolley as shown in the figure. If the boy of 80 kg
pushes another boy of 30 kg so that the 80 kg boy moves with initial velocity of 10 m
s1, what will be the initial velocity of the 30 kg boy?

3 Trolley A of mass m1 and trolley B of mass m2 are stationary and are

attached to a spring as shown in the figure. If the spring is released, each
trolley moves with velocity v1 and v2 respectively. Write down an
equation, which relates the quantities stated.

4 A bullet of mass 0.05 kg moves with horizontal

velocity 120 m s1 after it is shot from a pistol of
mass 0.5 kg. What is the velocity of recoil of the
pistol?

5 Object A of mass m, moving with velocity u,

collides with stationary object B of mass 2m on a
smooth floor. What is the ratio of total momentum
before collision to total momentum after collision?

6 A small vehicle of mass 400 kg is moving with

horizontal velocity 20 m s1. Suddenly, a boy of mass
80 kg falls from a tree onto the vehicle. What is the
new velocity of the vehicle?

7 A force of 4 N acts horizontally on a block of

wood, which is stationary and of mass 0.4 kg on a
smooth horizontal surface. What is the velocity of
the block of wood after 2 seconds?

8 A ball of mass 0.4 kg is thrown horizontally with

velocity 4 m s1 towards a vertical wall. The ball
rebounds from the wall with horizontal velocity
3 m s1. What is the change of momentum of the
ball?

9 A bullet of mass 10 g strikes horizontally at a

target of mass 2 kg and is embedded in it. These
two objects then move together with velocity
4 m s1. What is the velocity of the bullet just
before collision?

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Chapter 2

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12

Forces And Motion

1 A load of 5 kg is placed on a weighing machine. A man at the

end A of the string then pulls up the load.
(a) (i) What is the reading of the weighing machine
when the load is not pulled up?
________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) What is the tension of the string if the load is pulled up

so that the weighing machine shows zero reading?
________________________________________________________________________________

(b) What is the tension of the string if the load is pulled up with
acceleration 4 m s2?
______________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Explain the difference in readings for (a)(ii) and (b).

______________________________________________________________________________________

2 A vehicle of mass 1 800 kg moves with uniform velocity of 5 m s1 on a smooth horizontal surface. The engine of
the vehicle stops suddenly and the vehicle comes to a stop after moving a distance of 250 m. Calculate the frictional
force which opposes the motion of the vehicle.

3 The figure shows forces 6 N, 4 N and 12 N acting on a point O.

What is the magnitude of the resultant force acting on point O?

4 The figure shows a load of mass 3 kg pulled by a horizontal

force 52 N and tension T. When the system is in equilibrium,
what is the value of T?

5 The figure shows two weights attached to a string which passes

through a smooth pulley. What is the resultant force acting on
the system of weights? [Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s2.]

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Chapter 2

Skills Review

13

Forces And Motion

1 A car of mass 1 200 kg moves with velocity 5 m s1 towards a

wall and rebounds with velocity 4 m s1 in the opposite direction.
(a) Calculate
(i) the initial momentum,

5 m s1

4 m s1

(ii) the final momentum,

(iii) the impulse,

(iv) the impulsive force if the time of collision is 0.02 s.

(b) If the car does not rebound after collision, calculate

(i) the impulse,

5 m s1
0 m s1

(ii) the impulsive force if the time of collision is 0.2 s.

2 A man of mass 80 kg jumps from a vertical height of 5 m to the ground.

(a) What is the velocity of the man just before reaching the ground?

(b) (i)

If the man bends his knees, the time taken for him to stop is 0.5 s. What is the impulsive force acting on
him?

(ii) If the man does not bend his knees, the time taken for him to stop is 0.05 s, what is the impulsive force
acting on him? [g = 10 m s2.]

3 A force of 500 N is applied to an object for 0.08 s.

(a) What is the impulse applied to the object?

(b) What is the change of momentum experienced by the object?

4 A trolley of mass 60 kg is moving with velocity 20 m s1. An impulse of 2 000 N s is applied to the trolley in the
direction of motion of the trolley. Calculate
(a) the change in momentum, and

(b) the final momentum of the trolley.

5 Explain why a nylon rope, and but not a steel rope, is attached to a mountain climber?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Skills Review

Chapter 2

14

Forces And Motion

1 The picture below shows a crash test of a vehicle conducted by a car manufacturer.
Q

(a) State the labelled parts in the picture.

P
Q
R
S

(b) Describe the safety features of the following parts.

P
Q
S
2 The major consideration to design safety features of a car is to reduce the _______________ during an accident.
The longer the ______________, the smaller will be the impulsive force acting on the car.
3 The 2002 model of a car from Ford Motor Company is designed in such a way that the bonnet will spring up
automatically during an accident as shown in the figure. Explain how this feature might save the life of a pedestrian.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Skills Review

Chapter 2

15

Forces And Motion

1 The unit for gravitational field strength is _____________________________ or

_____________________________

2 Explain why an object released from a building falls to the ground.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 An object under free fall experiences an acceleration ____________________________________________________________________________________________.

4 A boy holds a ball in a lift, which is under free fall due to the gravitational force. What will happen if the ball is
released from the hand of the boy?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 A loaded spring balance is hung from the ceiling of a lift. When the lift is stationary, the spring balance shows a
reading of 40 N. When the cable of the lift snaps suddenly, what will be the reading of the spring balance?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 An object is released from rest to the base of a dry well. If the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m s2, what is the
(a) velocity of the object after 1 s?

(b) depth of the well if the object takes 2 s to reach its base?

7 (a) An object has a mass of 36 kg. If the acceleration due to gravity of the Earth is 10 m s2, what is the weight of
the object?

(b) If the same object is placed on the surface of the Moon where its acceleration due to gravity is 1 that of the
6
Earth, what is the new weight of the object?

(c) What is the

(i) change of weight, and
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) change of mass when the object is placed on the Moons surface?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 (a) If you are given a beam balance and a spring balance, which instrument would you use to measure weight of
an object?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) If an object is measured by using both instruments in a lift, which is accelerating downwards, explain what will
happen to the reading of each instrument.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Chapter 2

Skills Review

16

Forces And Motion

1 Given that the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m s2 and the

balance in the figure on the right is in equilibrium. What is the
force of reaction acting on the fulcrum?

2 The figure shows three weights hung from inelastic strings

through two smooth pulleys. If the three weights are in a state of
equilibrium, what is the value of F3?

3 The figure shows a load of mass 3 kg pulled by a horizontal force

52 N and tension T. When the system is in equilibrium, what is
the value of T?

A framed picture is suspended by strings as shown in the figure.

What is the weight of the framed picture?

5 The figure shows two forces 12 N and 5 N acting perpendicularly

to each other at a point. Find the resultant force F and its direction
.

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Chapter 2

Skills Review

17

Forces And Motion

1 Work done is a form of _____________________________

2 Work done is defined as a product of force and _____________________________.
3 Greater work done is needed if the
moved is longer.

_____________________________

of the object is greater and the displacement of the object

4 A stone of mass 8 kg is lifted to a vertical height of 3 m. What is the work done to the stone? [g = 10 m s2.]

5 Figure (a) shows block A of mass 1 kg being lifted through a

vertical height of 60 cm whereas figure (b) shows block B of the
same mass moving through a displacement of 60 cm along an
inclined plane. The angle of the inclined plane to the horizontal is
30. Calculate the difference in work done to move the block. [The
acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s2.]

6 The figure shows a metal sphere of mass 150 kg being pulled by a

force of 400 N at angle 60o to the floor surface. It is found that the
metal sphere moves with uniform speed along the floor.
[Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s2.] Calculate
(a) the normal reaction of the metal sphere,

(b) the frictional force,

(c) the work done in moving the metal sphere through a distance of 50 m.

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Skills Review

Chapter 2

18

Forces And Motion

1 (a) State the change of energy for the dolphins in the

figure below.

(b) State the principle of conservation of energy for

the roller coaster in figure below.

Answer : __________________________________________________________

Answer: __________________________________________________________

2 A lorry of mass 5 000 kg moves with a constant velocity of 4 m s1 along a horizontal road. What is the kinetic
energy of the lorry in kJ?

3 A load of mass 4 kg is lifted from a height of 5 m through a height of another 10 m. What is the increase in
gravitational potential energy of the load? [g = 10 m s2.]

4 A ball of mass 120 kg is situated at a height of 3.6 m from the surface of the
floor as shown in the figure. When the ball rolls down a smooth rail, what is
the speed of the ball just before it reaches the floor? [g = 10 m s2.]

5 A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown vertically upwards from the surface of the Earth with an initial velocity 20 m s1.
What is the maximum gravitational potential energy acquired?

6 When the speed of an object increases by 3 times, its kinetic energy will be increased by _____________________________ times.

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Chapter 2

Skills Review

19

Forces And Motion

1 The rate of energy transfer is equivalent to _____________________________.

2 Another unit for J s1 is _____________________________.
3 The figure on the right shows a conveyor belt system carrying a
load of mass 30 kg from position X to position Y in 15 seconds.
What is the output power of the conveyor system?

4 A boat of mass 800 kg moves on the surface of the sea with a uniform velocity of 2 m s1. If the thrust required to
overcome frictional force is 3 200 N, what is the average power of the boat?

5 If the power of a vehicle moving with a uniform velocity of 30 m s1 is 60 kW, what is the force due to air resistance
and friction?

6 A wooden block of mass 4 kg is moved by a force of 10 N along a straight road at a uniform velocity of 5 m s1.
What is the work done to overcome the friction in 2 seconds?

7 A boy of mass 50 kg can climb a coconut tree of height 15 m in 30 seconds. What is the power generated by the
boy? [Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s2.]

8 A car of mass 500 kg can move from rest to 20 m s1 in 10 seconds. What is the power of the car in kW?

9 A motor can produce a power of 1 200 kW. If the efficiency of the motor is 60%, what is the output power of the
motor?

10 A cranes efficiency to lift a load of 4 500 kg through a vertical height of 20 m in 5 seconds is 90%. What is the
input power of the crane? [Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s2.]

11 A hoist raises an elevator with a total weight of 5 000 N through a height of 30 m in 20 seconds. What is the average
power generated by the motor?

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Skills Review

Chapter 2

20

Forces And Motion

1 Why do we have to maximise the efficiency of electrical appliances?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 Why is it not advisable to install a spotlight in a storeroom?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 To boil enough water for a cup of coffee, an electric kettle is used. Discuss the suitability of the appliance.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 Other than fossil fuel energy, state three other alternative sources of energy that can be harnessed to supplement
world consumption of energy.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 Fill in the appropriate data in the following table for the various power consumption.
Task

Power rating

Time taken

Boiling enough water

to make two cups of
tea in a kettle

2.5 kW

10 s

Watching TV in the
evening

200 W

1 hour

Heating up an
evening meal for one
in a microwave oven

1.2 kW

Energy

(a)

(b)

(c)

36 kJ

(d)

Playing a computer
game

20 s

10 kJ

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Chapter 2

Skills Review

21

Forces And Motion

1 A spring is stretched from a length of 12 cm to 16 cm by a force of 40 N. What is the work done to stretch the
spring?

2 A wire obeys Hookes law has length of l1 when it is stretched by a tensile force of F1 and its length is increased
to l2 when the tensile force is increased to F2. What is the energy stored in the wire when it is stretched to l2?

3 A wire is stretched by a force F so that it experiences an extension of x. The energy stored in the wire is F only
2
if the extension has not exceeded the _____________________________.

4 The figure shows a graph of force F against extension x for an elastic

string. What is the elastic potential energy of the string, which experiences
an extension of 5 cm?

5 A spring, pulled by a force of 10 N, produces an extension of 40 mm. Two identical springs are arranged in series
to produce a total extension of 40 mm. What is the energy stored in the two springs?

6 A wire, under an increasing tension, elongates as shown in the graph.

What is the work done to the wire when it extends by 9 mm?

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