Medicines List

Thank you my student Syahrir bin Zaini (Pharmacy UIA) for the list.
His site can be visited at www.rahsiafarmasi.com
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Ibrahim Abdullah - http://sir-ib.blogspot.com
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Patients less than 18 years, chronic intestinal disorders associated with distinct disturbances of digestion and absorption, conditions which may deteriorate as a result of increased intestinal gas formation, pregnancy, lactation, severe renal impairment
Interactions
Thiazide and other diuretic, corticosteriod, thyroid product, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympatomimetic, calcium channel blocker, isoniazid, cholestyramine, intestinal absorbents, digestive enzymes
Acarbose 50 mg Tablet
Glucobay
Only for treatment of: i) Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) when diet therapy is Initially 50 mg daily, increase to 3 times daily up to insufficient ii) Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 100 mg 3 times daily. Max 200 mg 3 times daily (NIDDM) in combination with existing conventional oral therapy where glycaemic control is inadequate
Asymptomatic liver enzyme elevations especially at Flatulence and bowel sounds, diarrhoea and higher dosages. Monitor liver enzyme during 6 - 12 abdominal pain months of treatment Not generally recommended for prolonged use but if given monitor blood count and plasma electrolyte Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, taste concentration, pulmonary obstruction (risk of disturbances, loss of appetite, paraesthesia, acidosis), elderly, pregnancy and lactation, Stevens- flushing, headache, dizziness, fatigue, Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrosis, high- irritability, depression, thirst, polyuria, reduced dose aspirin, high dose may decrease diuresis and libido, metabolic acidosis and electrolyte may increase drowsiness, pulmonary obstruction or disturbances on long-term therapy emphysema Not generally recommended for prolonged use but if given monitor blood count and plasma electrolyte Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, taste concentration, pulmonary obstruction (risk of disturbances, loss of appetite, paraesthesia, acidosis), elderly, pregnancy and lactation, Stevens- flushing, headache, dizziness, fatigue, Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrosis, high- irritability, depression, thirst, polyuria, reduced dose aspirin, high dose may decrease diuresis and libido, metabolic acidosis and electrolyte may increase drowsiness, pulmonary obstruction or disturbances on long-term therapy emphysema Bronchoconstriction, nausea, vomiting, anaphylactic reactions, rash, hypotension, pruritus, rash, urticaria Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, GI ulceration, haematemesis, malaena. Occasionally hepatotoxicity
Acetazolamide 250 mg Tablet
Diamox
Reduction of intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma and peri-operatively in angle-closure glaucoma
250 - 500 mg daily
Hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperchloraemic acidosis, severe hepatic impairment, renal impairment, sulphonamide hypersensitivity
Aspirin, cyclosporin, digitalis , digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, quinidine, topiramate
Acetazolamide 500 mg Injection
Diamox
Reduction of intra-ocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma and peri-operatively in angle-closure glaucoma
250 - 500 mg given by IM or IV
Hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperchloraemic acidosis, severe hepatic impairment, renal impairment, sulphonamide hypersensitivity
Aspirin, cyclosporin, digitalis, digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, quinidine, topiramate
Acetylcysteine 200 mg/ml Injection
Parvolex
Antidote for paracetamol poisoning
Diluted with dextrose 5% and infused IV. Initial, 150 mg/kg IV in 200 ml over 60 minutes, then 50 mg/kg IV Asthma, history of bronchospasm and risk of in 500 ml over 4 hours, followed by 100 mg/kg IV in anaphylactoid reactions and history of peptic 1000 ml over 16 hours. Total dose: 300mg/kg in 20 ulceration hour 1 tablet daily Dyspepsia, gastric mucosal lesions, haemorrhagic disorders, gout, intolerant to aspirin, renal or hepatic impairment, asthma and G6PD deficiency
Hypersensitivity to acetylcysteine products
Acetylsalicylic Acid 100 mg, Glycine 45 mg Tablet
Prevention of myocardial infarct, stroke, vascular occlusion and deep vein thrombosis. Transient ischaemic attacks
Bleeding disorders. Hypersensitivity to salicylate
Acetylsalicylic Acid 300 mg Soluble Tablet
Aspirin Soluble
Mild to moderate pain
300 - 900 mg every 4 - 6 hours as required. Max 4 g daily. Use in children not recommended
Renal disorders, G6PD deficiency, pregnancy, patients with flu, chicken pox or haemorrhagic fever. History of peptic ulcer or those prone to dyspepsia and those with gastric mucosal lesion; asthma or allergic disorders; dehydrated patients; uncontrolled hypertension; impaired renal or hepatic function; elderly
Gastric haemorrhage, hypersensitivity, thrombocytopenia,GI disturbances; prolonged bleeding time, rhinitis, urticaria and epigastric discomfort; angioedema, salicylism, tinnitus; bronchospasm
Gastric and duodenal ulcers, haemorrhagic diathesis, hypersensitivity to aspirin or other NSAIDs, children under 12 years old.Hypersensitivity (attacks of asthma, angioedema, urticaria or rhinitis); pregnancy (third trimester); patients with haemophilia or haemorrhagic disorders; gout; severe renal or hepatic impairment; lactation
Acitretin 10 mg Capsule
Neotigason
Generalised pustular and or erythrodermic psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, Darier's Disease, Icthyosiform Erythrodermas - Bullous and non-bullous forms, extensive naevus verrucosus, extensive psoriasis Generalised pustular and or erythrodermic psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, Darier's Disease, Icthyosiform Erythrodermas - Bullous and non-bullous forms, extensive naevus verrucosus, extensive psoriasis Infected skin, lesions, cuts, abrasions, wounds and burns. i) For solid tumours ii) Gestational trophoblastic disease i) Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex infection in immunocompromised and AIDS patients ii) Primary and recurrent Varicella Zoster infection in immunocompromised and AIDS patients iii) Severe Kaposi Varicella Eruption (Eczema herpeticum) iv) Severe primary HSV infections (eg. Neonatal herpes, encephalitis, eczema herpeticum, genital herpes, gingival stomatitis, vaginal delivery with maternal vulva herpes) v) Severe and complicated varicella infection (eg. Encephalitis, purpura fulminans) vi) Severe zoster infection in paediatrics (eg. Encephalitis, purpura fulminans, immunocompromised patients and facial, sacral and motor zoster)
Acitretin 25 mg Capsule
Neotigason
ADULT: initially 25-30 mg daily for 2-4 weeks, then adjusted according to response, usually within range 25-50 mg daily for further 6-8 weeks (max: 75 mg daily). CHILD: 500 mcg/kg daily occasionally up to 1 mg/kg daily to a max. 35 mg daily for limited periods ADULT: initially 25-30 mg daily for 2-4 weeks, then adjusted according to response, usually within range 25-50 mg daily for further 6-8 weeks (max: 75 mg daily). CHILD: 500 mcg/kg daily occasionally up to 1 mg/kg daily to a max. 35 mg daily for limited periods
Symptoms of hypervitaminosis A, localized but Long-term treatment, diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, reversible hair loss, thinning and scaling of the disturbances of lipid metabolism skin, paronychia, muscle and joint pain Symptoms of hypervitaminosis A, localized but Long-term treatment, diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, reversible hair loss, thinning and scaling of the disturbances of lipid metabolism skin, paronychia, muscle and joint pain
Pregnancy and lactation, liver and kidney insufficiency, hypervitaminosis A, excessively elevated blood lipid values Pregnancy and lactation, liver and kidney insufficiency, hypervitaminosis A, excessively elevated blood lipid values Hypersensitivity to acriflavine compound.
Carbamazepine : increased risk of subtherapeutic carbamazepine levels. Nitroglycerin : enhanced hypotension and nitroglycerin-induced headache. Penicillin G, tetracycline : loss of antibiotic efficacy Alcohol, dipyridamole, metoclopramide, metoprolol, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, corticosteroids, coumarin anticoagulants, sulphonylureas, methotrexate, phenytoin, valproic acid, probenecid, sulphinpyrazone Acetazolamide, Dipyridamol : salicylate toxicity (vomiting, tachycardia, hyperpnea, mental confusion) or acetazolamide toxicity (fatigue, lethargy, somnolence, confusion, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis). Alendronate : GI distress. Antacids, calcium. Alcohol, corticosteroids, phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone may increase risk of GI ulceration. Aspirin increases phenytoin levels. May antagonize actions of uricosurics and spironolactone Oral contraceptives, progestogen may result in loss of contraceptive effectiveness. Ethanol may result in a prolonged risk of teratogenicity. Possible hypervitaminosis with vitamin A. Reduces protein binding of phenytoin Oral contraceptives, progestogen may result in loss of contraceptive effectiveness. Ethanol may result in a prolonged risk of teratogenicity. Possible hypervitaminosis with vitamin A. Reduces protein binding of phenytoin Not known Live vaccines may result in an increase risk of infection, radiation therapy, possibly reduced absorption of phenytoin
Acriflavine 0.1% Lotion
Apply undiluted three times daily to the affected part . Prolonged application, may stain skin, hair & fabric. Hypersensitivity to acriflavine compound i) ADULT: 500 mcg IV daily for max of 5 days. CHILD: 1.5 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks (if weight less than 10 Avoid extravasation, severe soft tissue damage. kg, 50 mcg/kg) ii) 500 mcg IV on Days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, Concomitant radiation therapy may exaggerate repeat every 7 - 10 days or 500 mcg IV bolus on Days dactinomycin toxicity 1 and 2, repeat every 15 days
Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin) 500 mcg/ml Injection
Cosmegen
Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, alopecia, rash, radiation recall reactions, Pregnancy, lactation, chickenpox or herpes hepatitis. Malaise, fatigue, fever, myalgia, zoster infection gastrointestinal, haematologic and dermatologic effects
Acyclovir 200 mg Tablet
Zovirax
i) ADULT: initially 400 mg 5 times daily for 7 - 14 days. CHILD less than 2 years: 200 mg 4 times daily, CHILD more than 2 years: 400 mg 4 times daily ii), iii) and iv) ADULT: 200 - 400 mg 4 times daily. CHILD: less than Patients with pre-existing neurologic, renal, or 2 years, half adult dose; more than 2 years, adult dose hepatic impairment, dehydrated patient, elderly and Skin rashes; GI effects; fatigue v) ADULT: 800 mg 5 times daily for 7 days vi) ADULT: lactation 20 mg/kg (maximum: 800 mg) four times daily for 5 days, CHILD 6 years: 800 mg four times daily. CHILD less than 2 years; 400mg 4 times daily, more than 2 years; 800mg 4 times daily
Patients known to be hypersensitivity to acyclovir
Increased mean half-life & plasma concentration with probenecid
Thank you my student Syahrir bin Zaini (Pharmacy UIA) for the list. His site can be visited at www.rahsiafarmasi.com
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
i) Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex infection in immunocompromised and AIDS patients ii) Primary and recurrent Varicella Zoster infection in immunocompromised and AIDS patients iii) Severe Kaposi Varicella Eruption (Eczema herpeticum) iv) Severe primary HSV infections (eg. Neonatal herpes, encephalitis, eczema herpeticum, genital herpes, gingival stomatitis, vaginal delivery with maternal vulva herpes) v) Severe and complicated varicella infection (eg. Encephalitis, purpura fulminans) vi) Severe zoster infection in paediatrics (eg.Encephalitis, purpura fulminans, immunocompromised patients and facial, sacral and motor zoster)
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Acyclovir 200 mg/5 ml Suspension
Zovirax
i) ADULT: initially 400 mg 5 times daily for 7 - 14 days. CHILD less than 2 years: 200 mg 4 times daily, CHILD more than 2 years: 400 mg 4 times daily ii), iii) and iv) ADULT: 200 - 400 mg 4 times daily. CHILD : less than Patients with pre-existing neurologic, renal, or 2 years, half adult dose; more than 2 years, adult hepatic impairment, dehydrated patient, elderly and Skin rashes, GI effects, fatigue dose. v) ADULT: 800 mg 5 times daily for 7 days vi) lactation ADULT: 20 mg/kg (maximum: 800 mg) four times daily for 5 days, CHILD 6 years: 800 mg four times daily. CHILD: less than 2 years; 400mg 4 times daily, more than 2 years; 800 mg 4 times daily ADULT: 5 mg/kg by IV infusion 8 hourly for 5 days, doubled to 10mg/kg every 8 hourly in varicella-zoster in the immunocompromised and in simplex encephalitis (usually given for at least 10 days in encephalitis; possibly for 14 - 21 days). NEONATE & INFANT up to 3 months with disseminated herpes simplex: 20mg/kg every 8 hourly for 14 days (21 days in CNS involvement), varicella-zoster 10-20mg/kg every 8 hourly usually for 7 days. CHILD, 3 months 12 years: Herpes simplex or Varicella Zoster: 250 mg/m2 8 hourly for 5 days, doubled to 500 mg/m2 8 hourly for varicella-zoster in the immunocompromised and in simplex encephalitis (usually given for 10 days in encephalitis) Apply 1 cm 5 times daily. Continue for at least 3 days after healing Apply every 4 hours for 5 - 10 days
Acyclovir 250 mg Injection
Zovirax
Treatment and prophylaxis of herpes simplex in immunocompromised, severe initial genital herpes and Varicella -Zoster
In patients receiving Zovirax IV at higher doses, specific care regarding renal function should be Skin rashes; GI effects, neurological reactions taken, particularly when patients are dehydrated or (IV infusion) have any renal impairment
Acyclovir 3% Eye Ointment Acyclovir 5% Cream
Zovirax Zovirax
Only for the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis Herpes simplex infections of the skin, including initial and recurrent labial and genital herpes simplex infections i) Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex infection in immunocompromised and AIDS patients ii) Primary and recurrent Varicella Zoster infection in immunocompromised and AIDS patients iii) Severe Kaposi Varicella Eruption (Eczema herpeticum) iv) Severe primary HSV infections (eg. Neonatal herpes, encephalitis, eczema herpeticum, genital herpes, gingival stomatitis, vaginal delivery with maternal vulva herpes) v) Severe and complicated varicella infection (eg. Encephalitis, purpura fulminans) vi) Severe zoster infection in paediatrics (eg. Encephalitis, purpura fulminans, immunocompromised patients and facial, sacral and motor zoster)
Not known Application to mucous membranes, pregnancy, lactation. Should not be used in the eyes
Local irritation and inflammation reported , vision abnormalities
Hypersensitivity to acyclovir
Not known Not known
Transient burning or stinging or erythema, mild Hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir drying or flaking of the skin
Acyclovir 800 mg Tablet
Zovirax
i) ADULT: initially 400 mg 5 times daily for 7 - 14 days. CHILD less than 2 years: 200 mg 4 times daily, CHILD more than 2 years: 400 mg 4 times daily ii), iii) and iv) ADULT: 200 - 400 mg 4 times daily. CHILD: less than Patients with pre-existing neurologic, renal, or 2 years, half adult dose; more than 2 years, adult dose hepatic impairment, dehydrated patient, elderly and Skin rashes; GI effects; fatigue v) ADULT: 800 mg 5 times daily for 7 days vi) ADULT: lactation 20 mg/kg (maximum: 800 mg) four times daily for 5 days, CHILD 6 years: 800 mg four times daily. CHILD less than 2 years; 400mg 4 times daily, more than 2 years; 800mg 4 times daily Hypertension, injection site reaction, rash, autoantibody, erythema multiforme, primary cutaneous vasculitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, aplastic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, malignant lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, paraesthesia, subdural hematoma, interstitial lung disease, angioedema, fatal infectious disease including tuberculosis, invasive fungal infections and other opportunistic infections Erythema, scaling, dryness, pruritus, burning sensation Erythema, scaling, dryness, pruritus, burning sensation
Adalimumab 40 mg Injection
Humira
Third line treatment of: i) Severe rheumatoid arthritis ii) Psoriatic arthritis iii) Ankylosing spondylitis after failure of conventional DMARDs or other biologics
Subcutaneous 40 mg every other week
Reactivation of tuberculosis (patients should be evaluated for tuberculosis before treatment), serious infection, lupus-like syndrome & confirmed significant hematologic abnormalities, CHF & development of symptoms of blood dyscrasias, women of childbearing potential, pregnancy & lactation
Hypersensitivity to adalimumab or any component of the formulation, severe infection
Anakinra, abatacept, live vaccine, leflunomide, topical tacrolimus, trastuzumab
Adapalene 0.1% Cream
Differin
Acne vulgaris where comedones, papules and pustules predominate in those sensitive to benzoyl peroxide or topical tretinoin [third line treatment] Acne vulgaris where comedones, papules and pustules predominate in those sensitive to benzoyl peroxide or topical tretinoin [third line treatment] i) Treatment of chronic HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative hepatitis B infection in adults with compensated liver function (lamivudine should be tried first) ii) Lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B virus infection with either compensated or decompensated hepatitis function (only by hepatologist and gastroenterologist for approved indications)
Adapalene 0.1% Gel
Differin
Adefovir Dipivoxil 10 mg Tablet
Hepsera
Adenosine 3 mg/ml Injection
Adenocor
Rapid conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm
Avoid contact with eyes, lips angles of the nose and Apply once daily to the affected areas after washing at mucosa membranes. Do not apply to cuts, bedtime abrasion, eczematous skin or sunburned skin. Minimize exposure to slight, including sunlamps Avoid contact with eyes, lips angles of the nose and Apply once daily to the affected areas after washing at mucosa membranes. Do not apply to cuts, bedtime abrasion, eczematous skin or sunburned skin. Minimize exposure to slight including sunlamps Monitor renal function. Patients at risk of or with underlying renal dysfunction & those receiving medicine that may affect renal function. Advanced liver disease or cirrhosis. Patients with Adult over 18 years: 10mg once daily hepatomegaly, hepatitis or other known risk factors for liver disease. Co-infection with HIV. Congenital carnitine deficiency. Pregnancy & lactation. Women of childbearing potential must use effective contraception ADULT: Initially: 3 mg given as a rapid IV bolus (over Avoid concomitant use of dipyridamole and 2 seconds). Second dose: If the first dose does not methylxanthines (eg: caffeine, theophylline). result in elimination of the supraventricular tachycardia Cardiac arrest, heart block, heart transplant with in 1 or 2 minutes, 6 mg should be given also as a patients, hypertension, hypotension, myocardial rapid IV bolus. Third dose: If the second dose does infarction. Proarrhythmic events; new rhythms, not result in elimination of the supraventicular particularly at time of conversion and unstable tachycardia with in 1-2 minutes, 12 mg should be angina given also as a rapid IV bolus
Hypersensitivity to adapalene or any of its components Hypersensitivity to adapalene or any of its components
Methotrexate
Methotrexate
Renal impairment and failure, increase serum creatinine, abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, hepatitis
Hypersensitivity to adefovir
Aminoglycosides, ibuprofen, immunosuppressant, nephrotoxic agents, NSAIDs, vancomycin, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, ribavirin
Facial flush, dyspnoea, a feeling of thorasic constriction, nausea, lightheadedness, feeling of discomfort, sweating, palpitations, hyperventilation, head pressure, apprehension, blurred vision, burning sensation, bradycardia, chest pains, headache, dizziness, heaviness in arms, arm, back and neck pains; metallic taste
Bradycardia, bronchoconstrictive or bronchospastic lung disease (eg. asthma). Hypersensitivity to adenosine, second-degree or third-degree AV block (unless pacemaker fitted), sinus node disease (eg. sick sinus syndrome)
Actions may be potentiated by dipyridamole and carbamazepine. Theophylline & caffeine inhibit its action
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Cardiac dilatation, coronary insufficiency. Within 2 weeks of MAOI use.Organic brain damage, narrow-angle glaucoma. Shock. Concurrent use with local anesthetics for injection of certain areas (eg; fingers, toes, ears); increased risk of vasoconstriction and sloughing of tissue. oncurrent use with cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon anaesthetics; may produce fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Labor; may delay the second stage
Interactions
Adrenaline Acid (Epinephrine) Tartrate 1 mg/ml Injection
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
0.5-1 mg given by SC or IM
Elderly patients, patients with; CV disease, pulmonary oedema, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, psychoneurotic illness, asthma, Hypertension, arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, prefibrillatory rhythm, or anesthetic cardiac headache, shortness of breath, sneezing acidents. Bronchial asthma/emphysema,cerebrovascular hemorrhage, pregnancy, lactation, children Gastrointestinal discomfort, dizziness, headache, erythema multiforme, StevensJohnson syndrome, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity Gastrointestinal discomfort, dizziness, headache, erythema multiforme, StevensJohnson syndrome, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity Mental impairment, gastrointestinal disturbances, severe effects include respiratory depression, coma and death
Beta-blocking,alpha-adrenergic blockers agents,antihistamines,tricyclic antidepressants carvedilol, chlorpromazine, halothane, moclobemide, rocuronium, selegiline, timolol,methyldopa, diuretics, oxytoxic drugs
Albendazole 200 mg Tablet
Zentel
i) ADULT and CHILD over 2 years : 400 mg as a i) Single or mixed infestations of intestinal parasites ii) single dose ii) 400 mg as a single dose for 3 Strongyloides infection consecutive days. CHILD 12 - 24 months : half adult dose i) ADULT and CHILD over 2 years : 400 mg as a i) Single or mixed infestations of intestinal parasites ii) single dose ii) 400 mg as a single dose for 3 Strongyloides infection consecutive days. CHILD 12 - 24 months : half adult dose Use as antiseptic and disinfectant Apply to the skin undiluted or when needed
Discontinue therapy if liver function test elevations are significant, retinal lesions, cerebral hypertensive episodes, pregnancy, hepatic disease, retinal lesions Discontinue therapy if liver function test elevations are significant, retinal lesions, cerebral hypertensive episodes, pregnancy, hepatic disease, retinal lesions Pregnancy, nursing mothers, elderly
Patients with hypersensitivity to albendazole or Concurrent use with dexamethasone may result to the benzimidazole drug class, pregnancy in an increased risk of albendazole adverse (avoid pregnancy for at least one month effects. following therapy) Patients with hypersensitivity to albendazole or Concurrent use with dexamethasone may result to the benzimidazole drug class. Pregnancy in an increased risk of albendazole adverse (avoid pregnancy for at least one month effects following therapy) Not known Chlorpropamide, metronidazole, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam and cefotaxime Concurrent use with aspirin and mesalamine may result in gastrointestinal distress. Concurrent use with calcium and antacids may result in reduced alendronate absorption
Albendazole 200 mg/5 ml Suspension
Zentel
Alcohol 70% Solution
Alendronate Sodium 70 mg Tablet
Fosamax
Osteoporosis in post menopausal women with a history of vertebral fracture and whom oestrogen replacement therapy is contraindicated
70 mg once weekly. Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of plain water only on an empty stomach at Creatinine clearance less than 35 ml/min, vitamin D Oesophageal reactions, abdominal least 30 minutes before breakfast (and any other oral and mineral deficiencies to be corrected before pain,musculoskeletal medication); stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes initiating therapy pain,headache,diarrhoea,constipation and do not lie down until after eating breakfast 1 tablet once weekly [contains cholecalciferol 2800 units in a weekly dose, equivalent to 400 units daily]. Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of plain water only on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before breakfast (and any other oral medication); stand or sit upright for at least 30 min and do not lie down until after eating breakfast Discontinue in case of dysphagia, odynophagia, retrosternal pain or new or worsening heartburn. Active upper gastrointestinal problems (dysphagia, esophageal diseases, gastritis, duodenitis or ulcers). CrCl less 35 ml/min. Correct hypocalcemia and other disorders affecting mineral metabolism (eg vit D deficiency) before starting therapy. Monitor serum Calcium and urine. Children, pregnancy and lactation Urticaria, myalgia, malaise; nausea, vomiting, esophageal stricture/perforation, oropharyngeal ulceration; esophagitis, esophageal erosions, esophageal ulcers; localized osteonecrosis of the jaw; bone, joint and or muscle pain; rash, pruritus, angioedema, fever, hypocalcemia, gastric or duodenal ulcers, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, ocular inflammations (uveitis, iritis, scleritis)
Hypersensitivity to alendronate products, hypocalcaemia, esophageal abnormalities, inability to stand or sit upright for 30 minutes
Alendronate Sodium 70mg and Cholecalciferol 2800 IU Tablet
Fosamax Plus
Osteoporosis in post menopausal women with a history of vertebral fracture and whom oestrogen replacement therapy is contraindicated
Esophageal abnormalities which inhibit esophageal emptying (ie, achalasia, stricture), increased risk for adverse esophageal effects, hypocalcemia; decreases in serum calcium and phosphate have occurred during therapy, resolve hypocalcemia prior to beginning therapy, inability to sit or stand in an upright position for at least 30 minutes Hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, vitamin D toxicity and hypersensitivity to calcitriol products. Hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, vitamin D toxicity and hypersensitivity to calcitriol products Hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, vitamin D toxicity and hypersensitivity to calcitriol products Hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, vitamin D toxicity and hypersensitivity to calcitriol products
Calcium supplements, antacids. Hormone replacement therapy. Olestra, mineral oils, orlistat, cholestyramine, colestipol. Anticonvulsants, cimetidine, thiazides
Alfacalcidol 0.25 mcg Capsule
One-alpha
Alfacalcidol 1 mcg Capsule
one-alpha
Alfacalcidol 2 mcg/ml Drops
One-Alpha
Alfacalcidol 2 mcg/ml Injection
One-Alpha
Treatment of: i) Renal osteodystrophy in patients on haemodialysis ii) Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism iii) Adjunct to the management of tertiary hyperparathyroidism iv) Rickets and osteomalacia v) Osteoporosis Treatment of: i) Renal osteodystrophy in patients on haemodialysis ii) Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism iii) Adjunct to the management of tertiary hyperparathyroidism iv) Rickets and osteomalacia v) Osteoporosis Treatment of: i) Renal osteodystrophy in patients on haemodialysis ii) Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism iii) Adjunct to the management of tertiary hyperparathyroidism iv) Rickets and osteomalacia v) Osteoporosis Treatment of: i) Renal osteodystrophy in patients on haemodialysis ii) Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism iii) Adjunct to the management of tertiary hyperparathyroidism iv) Rickets and osteomalacia v) Osteoporosis
Initial dose ADULT and CHILD above 20kg body Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor weight : 1 mcg daily; CHILD under 20kg body weight : Hypercalcaemia, nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage 0.05 mcg/kg/day. Maintenance dose : 0.25 mcg to 2 polyuria titration mcg daily Initial dose ADULT and CHILD above 20kg body Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor weight : 1 mcg daily; CHILD under 20kg body weight : Hypercalcaemia, nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage 0.05 mcg/kg/day. Maintenance dose : 0.25 mcg to 2 polyuria titration mcg daily Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor Hypercalcaemia, nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage polyuria titration
Antiepileptics, diuretics, barbiturates
NEONATES : 0.1 mcg/kg/day
Initial dose : 1 mcg per haemodialysis. Maximum dose Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor Hypercalcaemia, nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, 6 mcg per haemodialysis and not more than 12 mcg plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage polyuria per week titration. Continuous monitoring of vital signs. Initial dose reduction in the elderly and debilitated. Impaired hepatic or renal function. Concurrent diazepam may produce vasodilation and hypotension; resulting in delayed recovery. Head injury, increased intracranial pressure. Pulmonary disease, decreased respiratory reserve. Decreased respiratory reserve and pulmonary disease; prostatic hyperplasia; hypotension; shock; inflammatory or obstructive bowel disorders; myasthenia gravis; hypovolaemia; uncontrolled hypothyroidism; alcoholism; chronic opioid therapy and history of opioid abuse. Avoid rapid bolus Injection in compromised intracerebral compliance. Do not administer during the last 10 minutes of surgery. Pregnancy and lactation. May affect ability to drive and operate machinery
Alfentanil HCl 0.5 mg/ml Injection
Rapifen
For use as short acting narcotic analgesic in short procedures and day-care surgical procedures
Initial dose: 20 - 40 mcg/kg. Supplemental dose: 15 mcg/kg or infusion 0.5 - 1.0 mcg/kg/min
Tacycardia, bradyarrhythmia, cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, hypotension, respiratory depression, apnoea, muscular rigidity, dizziness, nausea, CNS disturbances, vomiting and constipation
Hypersensitivity to alfentanil and other opioids. Intolerance to morphinomimetics. In labor or before clamping of the cord during caesarean section. Respiratory depression and obstructive airways disease; acute alcoholism, convulsive disorders; head injuries, and conditions in which intracranial pressure is raised
Diltiazem, fluconazole : prolonged alfentanil efficacy. Erythromycin : decreased alfentanil clearance. Itraconazole : increased alfentanil serum concentrations and potential alfentanil toxicity (CNS depression, respiratory depression). Naltrexone : precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), alcohol and central nervous system depressants
Alfuzosin HCl 10 mg Tablet
Xatral XL
Treatment of functional symptoms related with benign 10 mg once a day pre bed prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) To remove nasal plug due to radiation To be diluted with an equal volume of warm water before use
Alkaline Nasal Douche
Gastrointestinal disturbances, vertigo, malaise, Elderly, coronary insufficiency, discontinue in the dizziness, headache. Rarely orthostatic event of recurrence or exacerbation of angina, may hypotension, syncope, tachycardia, palpitations, impair ability to drive or operate machinery chest pain, asthenia, drowsiness, oedema, flushing, dry mouth, rash, pruritis Epistaxis, not to be used in cranial surgery or trans Excessive use can be toxic due to its nasal neuro surgical procedure absorption
Orthostatic hypotension, hepatic insufficiency, severe renal insufficiency (CrCl less than 30 Alpha blockers and other antihypertensives ml/min), intestinal occlusion. Avoid combination with alpha blockers Not known Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Allopurinol 100 mg Tablet
Gout or uric acid and calcium oxalate renal stones
Initial dose : 100-300 mg daily. Maintenance : 300-600 Renal/hepatic dysfunction, asymptomatic mg daily. Maximum: 900 mg daily hyperuricaemia, hypersensitivity and pregnancy
Skin rash, maculopapular, pruritic, StevensJohnson Syndrome, peripheral neuritis, alopecia, GI upset, toxic epidermal necrolysis. Acute attack of gouty arthritis in early stages of Hypersensitivity to allopurinol, pregnancy, therapy. Skin reactions (discontinue lactation, acute gout, asymptomatic immediately at first sign of rash). Very rarely, hyperuricaemia granulomatous hepatitis. Occasionally; thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, & aplastic anaemia in patients with impaired renal function Skin rash, maculopapular, pruritic, StevensJohnson Syndrome, peripheral neuritis, alopecia, GI upset, toxic epidermal necrolysis. Acute attack of gouty arthritis in early stages of Hypersensitivity to allopurinol, pregnancy, therapy. Skin reactions (discontinue lactation, acute gout, asymptomatic immediately at first sign of rash). Very rarely, hyperuricaemia granulomatous hepatitis. Occasionally; thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, & aplastic anaemia in patients with impaired renal function Headache, fever, weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dry skin, rash, peripheral oedema, mycosis, conjunctivitis, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, flushing, dizziness, anxiety, depression, Hypersensitivity to retinoids, pregnancy and paresthesias, confusion, pseudotumour cerebri, lactation gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, retinoic acid syndrome, bone pain, muscle pain, joint pain, increase in serum triglycerides and cholesterol
Oral anticoagulants, azathioprine, antidiabetics, mercaptopurine.Use only quarter of the usual dose of 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine when given concurrently. Increases plasma half-life of adenine arabinoside. Effects decreased by uricosurics & large doses of salicylates
Allopurinol 300 mg Tablet
Zyloric
Gout or uric acid and calcium oxalate renal stones
Initial dose : 100-300 mg daily. Maintenance : 300-600 Renal/hepatic dysfunction, asymptomatic mg daily. Maximum: 900 mg daily hyperuricaemia, Hypersensitivity and pregnancy
Oral anticoagulants, azathioprine, antidiabetics, mercaptopurine.Use only quarter of the usual dose of 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine when given concurrently. Increases plasma half-life of adenine arabinoside. Effects decreased by uricosurics & large doses of salicylates Concurrent use with drugs which inhibit hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system, eg ketoconazole, cimetidine, ciclosporin, diltiazem, erythromycin, rifampicin, verapamil may increase risk of toxicity. Use together with vitamin A supplements may result in increase in toxicity. Avoid ethanol. Exposure to paclitaxel result in increased risk of paclitaxel toxicity. Tranexamic Acid may result in increased risk of thrombosis Ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, contraceptives; increased alprazolam serum concentrations and potential alprazolam toxicity (sedation, slurred speech, CNS depression). Omeprazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, cimetidine; benzodiazepine toxicity (CNS depression, ataxia, lethargy). Sertraline, increased risk of psychomotor impairment and sedation. Fluoxetine, increased risk of alprazolam toxicity (somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, slurred speech, hypotension, psychomotor impairment). Fluvoxamine, increased risk of CNS side effects. Ritonavir, increased plasma concentrations of alprazolam and enhanced alprazolam effects. Antihistamine/decongestant combinations, antipsychotic, ethanol, mirtazapine, phenothiazines, venlafaxine (increased risk of CNS depression, psychomotor impairment), sedative/hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants (CNS depression) Ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, contraceptives; increased alprazolam serum concentrations and potential alprazolam toxicity (sedation, slurred speech, CNS depression). Omeprazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, cimetidine; benzodiazepine toxicity (CNS depression, ataxia, lethargy). Sertraline, increased risk of psychomotor impairment and sedation. Fluoxetine, increased risk of alprazolam toxicity (somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, slurred speech, hypotension, psychomotor impairment). Fluvoxamine, increased risk of CNS side effects. Ritonavir, increased plasma concentrations of alprazolam and enhanced alprazolam effects. Antihistamine/decongestant combinations, antipsychotic, ethanol, mirtazapine, phenothiazines, venlafaxine (increased risk of CNS depression, psychomotor impairment), sedative/hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants (CNS depression)
All-Trans Retinoic Acid 10 mg Capsule
Vesanoid
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Induction: 45 mg/m2 daily for 30 - 90 days. Maintenance: 45 mg/m2 daily for 2 weeks every 3 months. Refer to protocols
Avoid pregnancy during and for at least 1 month after stopping treatment. Monitor haematological, coagulation profile, liver function test, serum lipid levels. To be used with caution in pre-existing hypertriglyceridaemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity. Anticipate and treat retinoic acid syndrome
Alprazolam 0.25 mg Tablet
Xanax
Anxiety disorders
Avoid operating vehicles or machinery, abuse prone patient, pregnancy and breastfeeding, renal 0.25 - 0.5 mg 3 times daily (elderly or delibitated 0.25 or hepatic dysfunction, elderly patients, obesity, mg 2-3 times daily), increased if necessary to a total untreated open angle glaucoma, impaired dose of 3 mg/day. Not recommended for children pulmonary function. Prolonged use can lead to dependence
Drowsiness, blurred vision, coordination disorder, gastrointestinal disturbance, agitation, lightheadedness, dry mouth, depression, Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, acute headache, confusion, hypotension, syncope, narrow angle glaucoma, concomitant use of tachycardia, seizures, respiratory depression, ketoconazole/ itraconazole, CNS depression coma, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, nasal congestion, rigidity, increased salivation, dermatitis, sedation
Alprazolam 0.5 mg Tablet
Xanax
Anxiety disorders
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, contraceptives; increased alprazolam serum concentrations and potential alprazolam toxicity (sedation, slurred speech, CNS depression). Omeprazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, cimetidine; benzodiazepine toxicity (CNS depression, ataxia, lethargy). Sertraline, increased risk of psychomotor impairment and sedation. Fluoxetine, increased risk of alprazolam toxicity (somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, slurred speech, hypotension, psychomotor impairment). Fluvoxamine, increased risk of CNS side effects. Ritonavir, increased plasma concentrations of alprazolam and enhanced alprazolam effects. Antihistamine/decongestant combinations, antipsychotic, ethanol, mirtazapine, phenothiazines, venlafaxine (increased risk of CNS depression, psychomotor impairment), sedative/hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants (CNS depression) Heparin
Alprazolam 1 mg Tablet
Xanax
Anxiety disorders
Alprostadil 500 mcg/ml Injection Aluminium Acetate 5% Lotion
Prostin VR -
For treatment of congenital heart diseases which are ductus arteriosus dependent Weeping eczema
0.05 - 0.1 mcg/kg/min by continuous IV infusion, then Concurrent anticoagulants, neonates with bleeding Bradycardia, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, decreased to lowest effective dose tendencies, spinal cord injury neonatal apnoea, seizures Use undiluted freshly prepared as soaks Broken or irritated skin Hypersensitivity
Neonates with respiratory distress syndrome Hypersensitivity to any component
Aluminium Hydroxide 600 mg Tablet Alutab
Dyspepsia, hyperphosphataemia
600 mg- 1.2 g 4 times daily and at bedtime or as required
Chronic renal failure, may cause phosphate depletion
Constipation
Amantadine HCl 100 mg Capsule
Symmetrel
Parkinson's disease
Seizure disorder, psychiatry disorder, recurrent Initial dose: 100 mg daily and is increased to 100 mg eczema, gastric ulceration. Patients with twice daily (not later than 4 p.m.) after a week. Elderly cardiovascular or liver disease, impaired renal over 65 years: less than 100 mg or 100 mg at intervals function. Elderly. Withdrawal of the drug should be of more than 1 day gradual
Oedema of ankles, livedo reticularis, depression, hallucination, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, insomnia, blurred vision, dry mouth. Seizures, psychosis, confusion, ataxia, heart failure, depression, orthostatic hypotension, blood dyscrasias, urinary retention, irritability, gastrointestinal disturbances
Not known Major: phosphate binders and citrates may increase serum aluminum concentrations Hypophosphataemia, porphyria, end-stage (toxicity);sodium polystyrene sulfonate renal disease. Risk of developing (systemic alkolosis). Minor: Affects absorption hyperaluminemia and encephalopathy (fatalities of tetracyclines, penicillins, sulfonamides, have been reported) quinidine, iron, digoxin, indomethacin, naproxen, phenylbutazon Alcohol, methyldopa, metoclopramide, Hypersensitivity to amantadine products, domperidone, antipsychotic, antimuscarinics. pregnancy, lactation, epilepsy, history of gastric Enhances the adverse effects of ulceration, severe renal impairment antimuscarinics and levodopa. Central nervous system stimulants, drugs that raise urinary pH Potentiation of toxicity in combination with loop diuretics, cephalothin, vancomycin, cyclosporin. Prolongs action of neuromuscular blockers. Increased risk of respiratory depression with either halothane, methoxyflurane & neuromuscular blockers Potentiation of toxicity in combination with loop diuretics, cephalothin, vancomycin, cyclosporin. Prolongs action of neuromuscular blockers. Increased risk of respiratory depression with either halothane, methoxyflurane & neuromuscular blockers Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: postural hypotension (first dose). Carbamazepine: hyponatraemia. Chlorpropamide: decreased chlorpropamide effectiveness. Digitalis: digitalis toxicity (nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias). Corticosteroids: hypokalaemia and subsequent cardiac arrhythmias. NSAIDs: decreased diuretic and antihypertensive efficacy. Propranolol: hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia Not known
Amikacin 250 mg/2 ml Injection
Amikin
Infections due to susceptible organisms
ADULT: (IM or IV): 15 mg/kg/day 8 - 12 hourly for 7 Myasthenia gravis, renal impairment, pregnancy 10 days. Maximum: 1.5 g/day. CHILD: 15 mg/kg/day 8 Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, rarely skin rash, and lactation. Tinnitus or vertigo may be indications 12 hourly. Maximum: 1.5 g/day. Neonates: Initial fever, paraesthesia, athralgia, anaemia, Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides of vestibular injury and impending bilateral loading dose of 10 mg/kg followed by 7.5 mg/kg/day hypotension irreversible damage 12 hourly. Maximum 15mg/kg/day ADULT: (IM or IV): 15 mg/kg/day 8 - 12 hourly for 7 Myasthenia gravis, renal impairment, pregnancy 10 days. Maximum: 1.5 g/day. CHILD: 15 mg/kg/day 8 Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, rarely skin rash, and lactation. Tinnitus or vertigo may be indications 12 hourly. Maximum: 1.5 g/day. Neonates: Initial fever, paraesthesia, athralgia, anaemia, Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides of vestibular injury and impending bilateral loading dose of 10 mg/kg followed by 7.5 mg/kg/day hypotension irreversible damage 12 hourly. Maximum 15mg/kg/day
Amikacin 500 mg/2 ml Injection
Amikin
Amiloride HCl 5 mg & Hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg Tablet
Moduretic
i) Diuretic as an adjunct to the management of oedematous states ii) Hypertension
i) Initially 1 - 2 tab daily adjusted according to response. Max : 4 tabs daily. ii) 1 -2 tabs daily as a single or divided dose
Diabetes mellitus. Electrolyte imbalance, concomitant use of other diuretics can result in hyponatraemia and hypochloremia as well as Hyperkalaemia, rash, dizziness, headache, increases in BUN levels. This is more frequent in asthenia patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites, metabolic alkalosis or those with resistant oedema. Metabolic or respiratory acidosis
Hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride or sulfonamides, hyperkalaemia, anuria, renal failure
Amino Acids Injection Amino Acids with Electrolytes Injection Amino Acids with Glucose with Electrolytes Injection Amino Acids with Glucose without Electrolytes Injection
Vamin
Dose to be individualised. ADULT usually 500-2000 ml Source of amino acids in patients needing IV nutrition by IV. ADULT usual requirement for amino acid: 1-2 Liver disease, renal impairment g/kg/day Source of amino acids and electrolytes in patients needing IV nutrition Dose to be individualised. ADULT usual requirement for amino acid 1-2 g/kg/day Liver disease, renal impairment
Gastrointestinal upset, flushing, sweating, thrombophlebitis Gastrointestinal upset, flushing, sweating, thrombophlebitis Hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, cholestasis, thrombophlebitis Hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, cholestasis, thrombophlebitis Gastrointestinal upset, flushing, sweating, thrombophlebitis
Amino Acids, Glucose and Lipid with Electrolytes Injection
Dose to be individualised. ADULT usual requirement Source of amino acids, carbohydrate and electrolytes Liver disease, renal impairment for amino acid 1-2 g/kg/day, carbohydrate 4-6 in patients needing IV nutrition g/kg/day Dose to be individualised. ADULT usual requirement Source of amino acids and carbohydrate in patients Liver disease, renal impairment for amino acid 1-2 g/kg/day, carbohydrate 4-6 needing IV nutrition g/kg/day Dose to be individualised. ADULT: 500 - 2000 ml daily Source of amino acids, carbohydrate, lipid and given by IV. ADULT usual requirement for amino acid Liver disease, renal impairment electrolytes in patients needing IV nutrition 1-2 g/kg/ day, carbohydrate 4-6 g/kg/day, lipid 2-3 g/kg/day
Patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, irreversible liver damage, severe uraemia without dialysis Patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, irreversible liver damage, severe uraemia without dialysis Patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, irreversible liver damage, severe uraemia without dialysis Patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, irreversible liver damage, severe uraemia without dialysis Patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, irreversible liver damage, severe uraemia without dialysis
Not known
Not known
Not known
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Aminoglutethimide 250 mg Tablet
Orimetene
Only for the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer
0.5 - 1 g/day. With hydrocortisone 30 mg/day or cortisone acetate 37.5 mg/day to prevent adrenal insufficiency
Drowsiness, lethargy, ataxia, fever, skin rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. Bone-marrow Monitor blood pressure, adrenal and thyroid depression with leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, function. Periodic blood counts. May impair ability Porphyria, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to agranulocytosis or severe pancytopenia. to drive and operate machinery. Not recommended aminoglutethimide Adrenal insufficiency and other endocrine in lactation disturbances including hypothyroidism and virilisation. Orthostatic hypotension
Increased metabolism of synthetic glucocorticoids, warfarin and other oral anticoagulants, theophylline, medroxyprogesterone and oral antidiabetics
Aminophylline 25 mg/ml Injection
Reversible airways obstruction, acute severe asthma
Hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris, pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal or hepatic diseases. Pregnancy, children and Deteriorating acute asthma not previously treated with elderly. Active peptic ulcer disease, seizure theophylline, by slow IV injection over 20 minutes 250 - disorders, cardiac arrhythmias (not including 500 mg (5 mg/kg), then as for acute severe asthma. bradyarrhythmias). Patients with migraine Acute severe asthma by IV infusion : 500 headaches may experience an increased frequency mcg/kg/hour, adjusted according to plasmaof headaches. Patients with congestive heart theophylline concentration. CHILD : 6 month - 9 years failure, cor pulmonale, prolonged fever, : 1 mg/kg/hour, 10 - 16 years : 800 mcg/kg/hour hypothyroidism, liver disease, sepsis with multiorgan failure, and shock may require reduced theophylline dosage. Concommitant medication use which results in reduced theophylline clearance Acute myocardial infarction, sino-atrio, block AV or other severe conduction disorder ( unless the patient has a pacemaker),severe hypotension,severe respiratory failure, bradycardia, cardiomegaly,corneal microdeposits (impaired vision) Acute myocardial infarction, sino-atrio, block AV or 200 mg 3 times daily for 1 week, then reduced to 200 other severe conduction disorder (unless the mg twice daily for another week. Maintenance dose, patient has a pacemaker),severe usually 200 mg daily or the minimum required to hypotension,severe respiratory failure,bradycardia, control the arrhythmia cardiomegaly, corneal microdeposits (impaired vision) Initial infusion of 5mg/kg via large venous access over 20-120 minutes with ECG monitoring; subsequent infusion given if necessary according to response up to a maximum of 1.2 g in 24 hours
Tachycardia, palpitations, nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, CNS Hypersensitivity to theophylline or derivatives, stimulation, insomnia, arrythmias, also allergy to hypersensitivity to ethylenediamine ethylenediamine which can cause urticaria, erythema, and exfoliative dermatitis
Azole antifungals, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin : increased risk of theophylline toxicity. Caffeine : increased caffeine level. Halothane : increased risk of arrthmia
Amiodarone 150mg/3 ml Injection
Cordarone
Arrhythmias when other drugs are contraindicated or ineffective
Reversible corneal microdeposits; colored halos. Hyper or hypothyroidism. Rarely; photosensitization and pigmentation. Reversible diffuse interstitial pneumopathy or peripheral neuropathy Reversible corneal microdeposits; colored halos. Hyper or hypothyroidism. Rarely; photosensitization and pigmentation. Reversible diffuse interstitial pneumopathy or peripheral neuropathy
Antiarrhythmics, beta-blockers, stimulating Cardiogenic shock, hypersensitivity to laxatives, diuretics inducing hypokalaemia, amiodarone, second or third degree AV block (if systemic corticosteroids, tetracosactide, no pacemaker is present). Severe sinus amphotericin B, digitalis, anticoagulants, bradycardia and severe sinus-node dysfunction phenytoin, general anaesthetic, ciclosporin Antiarrhythmics, beta-blockers, stimulating Cardiogenic shock, hypersensitivity to laxatives, diuretics inducing hypokalaemia, amiodarone, second or third degree AV block (if systemic corticosteroids, tetracosactide, no pacemaker is present). Severe sinus amphotericin B, digitalis, anticoagulants, bradycardia and severe sinus-node dysfunction phenytoin, general anaesthetics, ciclosporin
Amiodarone 200 mg Tablet
Cordarone
Arrhythmias
Amitriptyline HCl 25 mg Tablet
Laroxyl
Amlodipine 10 mg and Valsartan 160 Exforge mg Tablet
Amlodipine 10 mg Tablet
Norvasc
Amlodipine 5 mg and Valsartan 160 mg Tablet
Exforge
Barbiturate, phenytoin, carbamazepine, cimetidine, amphetamines, antiarrhythmics, Dry mouth, constipation, nausea, vomiting, class Ia and III, anticholinergics, antihistamines, urinary retention, blurred vision, drowsiness, beta 2 agonists, benzodiazepines, systemic Cardiac disease, hyperthyroidism, impaired hepatic dizziness, tachycardia, increased appetite, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, central alpha 2 Initially 75 mg. ADULT and ELDERLY : 30 - 75 mg and renal function, urinary retention, history of Hypersensitivity to drug/class. Immediate confusion, seizures, myocardial infarction, agonists, cholinergic agents, clozapine, daily in divided doses or as a single dose at bedtime, seizures, glaucoma, suicide risk, pregnancy, recovery phase after myocardial infarction, Depression stroke, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, rash intranasal decongestants, flumazenil, increase gradually as necessary to 150 - 200 mg. lactation, elderly, phaeochromocytoma, history of heart block, mania. MAOI use within the last 14 and hypersensitivity reactions, blood sugar halothane, lithium, MAOIs, methylphenidate, CHILD under 16 years are not recommended mania, phychoses, angle-closure glaucoma, days changes, endocrine side effects, impotence, metoclopramide, muscle relaxants, nitrates, concurrent anticonvulsive therapy, anaesthesia menstrual irregularities, bone marrow opiates, antipsychotics, phenytoin, protease depression inhibitors, sedatives/hypnotics, SSRIs, indirect/mixed sympathomimetics, cimetidine, fluoxetine, clonidine Nasopharyngitis, flu, headache, oedema, peripheral oedema, fatigue, flushing, asthenia, Risk of hypotension in sodium or volume depleted vertigo, tachycardia, palpitations, orthostatic patient, beta blocker withdrawal should be gradual. hypotension, cough, pharyngolaryngeal pain, Doses range from amlodipine besylate 5 mg/valsartan Severe renal impairment, dialysis. Unilateral/ gastrointestinal disturbances, rash, erythema, 160 mg to amlodipine besylate 10 mg/valsartan 320 Pregnancy and lactation, hypersensitivity to Potassium supplement. Potassium-sparing Essential hypertension in patients whose blood bilateral renal stenosis, stenosis to a solitary joint swelling, back pain, arthralgia. Rare: mg ORALLY once daily, with dose titration occurring amlodipine, valsartan, or any component of the diuretic, potassium containing salt substitutes or pressure is not adequately controlled by monotherapy kidney, after recent kidney transplantation, hepatic Hypersensitivity. Amlodipine: Gastritis, gingival every 1 to 2 weeks if necessary. MAX amlodipine product other drugs that may increase potassium level impairment, biliary obstructive disorders. Aortic or hyperplasia, gynaecomastia, leucopaenia, besylate 10 mg/valsartan 320 mg mitral stenosis, obstructive hyperthrophic myalgia, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cardiomyopathy thrombocytopaenia, vasculitis. Valsartan: Neutropaenia, increases in creatinine, serum potassium and BUN Angina (exacerbation) during initiation of treatment; with dosage increases; during beta-blocker Hypersensitivity to amlodipine, symptomatic withdrawal; taper slowly prior to calcium channel Headache, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, Cyclosporin, fluconazole, itraconazole, Hypertension 5 mg once daily. Max: 10 mg hypotension, persistent dermatologic reactions, blocker therapy. Aortic stenosis (reduced tachycardia, peripheral oedema ketoconazole, vardenafil congestive heart failure myocardial oxygenation with drug-induced hypotension), congestive heart failure, pregnancy, hepatic impairment Nasopharyngitis, flu, headache, oedema, peripheral oedema, fatigue, flushing, asthenia, Risk of hypotension in sodium or volume depleted vertigo, tachycardia, palpitations, orthostatic patient, beta blocker withdrawal should be gradual. hypotension, cough, pharyngolaryngeal pain, Doses range from amlodipine besylate 5 mg/valsartan Severe renal impairment, dialysis. Unilateral/ gastointestinal disturbances, rash, erythema, 160 mg to amlodipine besylate 10 mg/valsartan 320 Pregnancy and lactation, hypersensitivity to Potassium Supplement. Potassium-sparing Essential hypertension in patients whose blood bilateral renal stenosis, stenosis to a solitary joint swelling, back pain, arthralgia. Rare: mg ORALLY once daily, with dose titration occurring amlodipine, valsartan or any component of the diuretic, potassium containing salt substitutes or pressure is not adequately controlled by monotherapy kidney, after recent kidney transplantation, hepatic Hypersensitivity. Amlodipine: Gastritis, gingival every 1 to 2 weeks if necessary. MAX amlodipine product other drugs that may increase potassium level impairment, biliary obstructive disorders. Aortic or hyperplasia, gynaecomastia, leucopaenia, besylate 10 mg/valsartan 320 mg mitral stenosis, obstructive hyperthrophic myalgia, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cardiomyopathy thrombocytopaenia, vasculitis. Valsartan: Neutropaenia, increases in creatinine, serum potassium and BUN
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Amlodipine 5 mg Tablet
Norvasc
Hypertension
5 mg once daily. Max: 10 mg
Ammonium Bicarbonate, Tincture Ipecac, etc Mixture Amorolfine 5 % Nail Lacquer
Expect Stimulant
Cough
10 - 20 ml 3 times daily
Loceryl
Fungal nail infections
Apply to affected nail once or sometimes twice a week after filling and cleansing, allow to dry, treat finger nail Avoid contact with eyes, previous hypersensitivity for 6 months, toe nail for 9 - 12 months (review at or intolerance to other topical antifungal agents intervals of 3 months) Moderate infections: CHILD 7 - 12 year: 10 ml, 2 - 6 year: 5 ml. Severe infections: 2 - 6 year: 10 ml Renal impairment, severe hepatic dysfunction
Angina (exacerbation) during initiation of treatment; with dosage increases; during beta-blocker withdrawal; taper slowly prior to calcium channel Headache, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, blocker therapy. Aortic stenosis (reduced tachycardia, peripheral oedema myocardial oxygenation with drug-induced hypotension), congestive heart failure, pregnancy, hepatic impairment If consumed in very large dose can cause Can be irritant to mucous membrane nausea and vomiting Slight transient burning sensation
Hypersensitivity to amlodipine, symptomatic Cyclosporin, fluconazole, itraconazole, hypotension, persistent dermatologic reactions, ketoconazole, vardenafil congestive heart failure
Hepatic or renal impaiment
Not known
Hypersensitivity to amorolfine Hypersensitivity to penicillins, possible cross sensitivity with other -lactams. History of penicillin-associated cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction Hypersensitivity to penicillins, possible cross sensitivity with other -lactams. History of penicillin-associated cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction Hypersensitivity to penicillins
Not known
Amoxicillin & Clavulanate 228 mg/5 ml Syrup
Augmentin
Infections caused by susceptible organisms
Diarrhoea, pseudomembraneous colitis, indigestion, GI upsets, increased liver enzyme
Aminoglycosides, anti-coagulants, oral contraceptives, methotrexate
Amoxicillin 1 g & Clavulanate 200 mg Augmentin Injection
Infections caused by susceptible organisms. Respiratory tract, skin, soft tissue, GUT infection, septicaemia, peritonitis, post-operative infection & osteomyelitis Infections caused by susceptible strains of gram positive and gram negative organisms
CHILD less than 3 months: 30mg/kg 12 hourly. 3 months - 12 years: 30mg/kg 6 - 8 hourly. ADULT: 1.2 g by IV or intermittent infusion 6 - 8 hourly ADULT: 250 - 500 mg 3 times daily. CHILD: 20 - 40 mg/kg/day in divided doses 8 hourly
Amoxicillin 250 mg Capsule
Amoxicillin 500 mg & Clavulanate 125 mg Tablet
Infections due to beta-lactamase producing strain ADULT & CHILD more than 12 years: Mild to where amoxicillin alone is not appropriate. Respiratory moderate infections: 625 mg twice daily. Severe tract, skin, soft tissue, GUT infection, septicaemia, infections: 1 g twice daily peritonitis, post-operative infection & osteomyelitis
Diarrhoea, pseudomembraneous colitis, GI upsets, increased liver enzyme, urticaria and erythematous multiforme, Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, transient leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia Diarrhoea, indigestion, urticarial or Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, renal or hepatic erythematous rash, hepatitis, cholestatic impairment, superinfection jaundice Diarrhoea, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, candidiasis, rash, pseudomembranous colitis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, crystalluria, Renal or hepatic impairment, pregnancy erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, reversible leucopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, haemolytic anaemia, CNS disturbances Pregnancy, breast-feeding, renal or liver failure, pseudomembranous colitis Diarrhoea, pseudomembraneous colitis, gastrointestinal upsets, increased liver enzyme, urticaria and erythematous multiforme, StevenJohnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, transient leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia
Aminoglycosides, oral contraceptives
Hypersensitivity to penicillins, possible cross sensitivity with other -lactams. History of penicillin-associated cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction
Aminoglycosides, anticoagulants, oral contraceptives, methotrexate
Amoxicillin 500 mg and Clavulanate 100 mg Injection
Augmentin
Infections caused by susceptible organisms. Respiratory tract, skin, soft tissue, GUT infection, septicaemia, peritonitis, post-operative infection and osteomyelitis Infections caused by susceptible strains of gram positive and gram negative organisms Fungal infection of the cornea Fungal infection of the cornea
CHILD less than 3 months: 30mg/kg 12 hourly. 3 Pregnancy, breast-feeding, renal or liver failure, months - 12 years: 30 mg/kg 6 - 8 hourly. ADULT: 1.2 pseudomembranous colitis g by IV or intermittent infusion 6 - 8 hourly CHILD less than 10 years: 125 - 250 mg 8 hourly. CHILD less than 20 kg: 20 - 40 mg/kg/day in 3 - 4 divided doses
Hypersensitivity to penicillins, possible cross sensitivity with other beta-lactams. History of penicillin-associated cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction
Amoxicillin Trihydrate 125 mg/5 ml Syrup Amphotericin B 0.15% Eye Drops Amphotericin B 0.25% Eye Drops
Amphotericin B 50 mg Injection
Fungizone
Systemic fungal infections
Ampicillin Sodium & Sulbactam Sodium 250 mg/5 ml Suspension Ampicillin Sodium & Sulbactam Sodium 375 mg Tablet
Unasyn Susp.
Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections
Unasyn
Ampicillin Sodium 1g & Sulbactam Sodium 500mg Injection
Unasyn 1.5g
Diarrhoea, indigestion, urticarial or Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, renal or hepatic erythematous rash, hepatitis, cholestatic impairment, superinfection jaundice Nausea and vomiting, anaemia, 1 drop hourly or 2 hourly Renal impairment thrombocytopenia Nausea and vomiting, anaemia, 1 drop hourly or 2 hourly Renal impairment thrombocytopenia Fever, headache, anorexia, weight loss, GI ADULT: 0.25 mg/kg/day by IV infusion, gradually Avoid rapid infusion, renal impairment. Hepatic & disturbances, malaise, epigastric pain, increase if tolerated to 1 mg/kg/day. Maximum in renal function tests, blood count & plasma dyspepsia, generalized pain, anaemia, severe cases: 1.5 mg/kg daily or on alternate days. electrolyte monitoring are required. Pregnancy, abnormal renal function. Rarely cardiovascular For neonates, lower doses are recommended lactation toxicity, haematologic reactions, neurologic reactions, liver failure ADULT: 375 - 750 mg bd. CHILD more than 30 kgOvergrowth of non-susceptible organism. Check GI disturbances, phlebitis, skin rashes, itching, adult dose, less than 30 kg: 25 - 50 mg/kg/day in 2 periodically for organ system dysfunction during blood disorders, anaphylaxis and superinfection divided doses prolong therapy Overgrowth of non-susceptible organism. Check ADULT & CHILD more than 30 kg: 375 - 750 mg twice GI disturbances, phlebitis, skin rashes, itching, periodically for organ system dysfunction during daily. Maximum: 3 g daily blood disorders, anaphylaxis and superinfection prolong therapy ADULT: 1.5 - 12 g/day in divided doses 6 - 8 hourly. Maximum: 4 g Sulbactam. CHILD: 150-300 mg/kg/day Overgrowth of non-susceptible organism. Check GI disturbances, phlebitis, skin rashes, itching, 6 - 8 hourly. Prophylaxis of surgical infections: 1.5 - 3 periodically for organ system dysfunction during blood disorders, anaphylaxis and superinfection g at induction of anaesthesia. May be repeated 6 - 8 prolong therapy hourly. NEONATES: First week of life, 75mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hour ADULT: 1.5 - 12 g/day in divided doses 6 - 8 hourly. Overgrowth of non-susceptible organism. Check Maximum: 4 g Sulbactam per day. CHILD: 150periodically for organ system dysfunction during 300mg/kg/day 6 - 8 hourly. Prophylaxis: 1.5 -3 g at prolong therapy induction of anaesthesia. May be repeated 6 - 8 hourly Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins. Chronic treatment requires assessment of renal, hepatic& haematopoietic functions. Renal impairment, lymphatic leukaemia Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins. Severe renal dysfunction Hyperlipidemia, moderate to severe hepatic impairment, severe impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance less than 20 mL/min). Lowers circulating oestrogen levels which may cause a reduction in bone mineral density
Hypersensitivity to penicillins Hypersensitivity to Amphotericin B Hypersensitivity to Amphotericin B
Aminoglycosides, oral contraceptives Cyclosporin, digitalis glycosides, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers Cyclosporin, digitalis glycosides, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers Corticosteroids, nephrotoxic antibiotics and antineoplastics
Hypersensitivity
History of allergic reaction to any penicillins
Not known
Not known
Concurrent use with oral contraceptives may result in decreased contraceptive effectiveness
Ampicillin Sodium 500 mg & Unasyn 750 mg Sulbactam Sodium 250 mg Injection
GI disturbances, phlebitis, skin rashes, itching, History of allergic reaction to any penicillins blood disorders, anaphylaxis and superinfection GI disturbances, skin rashes, pruritis, urticartia, fever, anaphylaxis, blood disorders, Hypersensitivity to penicillins superinfection Diarrhoea, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, occasionally rashes Hot flashes, asthenia, peripheral oedema, vaginal bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, arthralgia, backpain, cough, dypsnea, headache, nausea, rash, hypercholesterolaemia Hypersensitivity to penicillins
Concurrent use with oral contraceptives may result in decreased contraceptive effectiveness Excretion impaired by probenecid. Increased risk of skin rashes with allopurinol. May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives and atenolol Bacteriostatic drugs, anticoagulants
Ampicillin Sodium 500 mg Injection Ampicillin Trihydrate 125 mg/5 ml Suspension
Penbritin
Penbritin
250 - 500 mg IM/IV every 4 - 6 hours. Maximum: 400 Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections (non beta- mg/kg/day. Meningitis: 2 g 6 hourly. CHILD: 150 lactamase-producing organisms); meningitis mg/kg/daily IV in divided doses. Usual children dose less than 10 years, half adult dose CHILD: 50 - 100 mg/kg/day 4 times daily. Under 1 Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections (non betayear: 62.5 - 125 mg 4 times daily, 1 - 10 years: 125 lactamase-producing organisms) 250 mg 4 times daily Treatment of hormone responsive metastatic or locally 1 mg daily advanced breast cancer after failure of tamoxifen
Anastrozole 1 mg Tablet
Arimidex
Hypersensitivity to anastrazole, pregnancy. Not Oestrogens, tamoxifen indicated for premenopausal women
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Insufficiently controlled Diabeted Mellitus, recent Myocardial Infarction, severe organic heart or vascular disorders, hyperthyroidism, phaeochromocytoma, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder-neck obstruction, cystic fibrosis, predisposition to narrow-angle glaucoma. Pregnancy, lactation. Infusion rate should not exceed 1.1 mg/min. Hepatic dysfunction, significant, worsening hepatic failure, hepatitis/clinically significant hepatic abnormalities have occurred
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Anidulafungin 100mg Injection
Eraxis
Treatment of invasive candidiasis, including 200 mg single loading dose on day 1, then 100 mg candidemia in adults when intolerance or resistance to daily Amphotericin B or Fluconazole
Diarrhoea, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, convulsion, headache, increased gammaglutamyltransferase, blood alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, rash, pruritus
Hypersensitivity to anidulofungin or other antifungals of echinocandin class eg caspofungin
Ciclosporine; Anidulafungin steady state AUC may be slightly increased. No dosage adjustment is needed. Antifungal agents: Antifungal agents may diminish the therapeutic effect
Antazoline HCl, Tetrahydrozoline HCl Spersallerg and Benzalkonium Cloride Eye Drops
ADULT : Instill 1 drop, 3 - 4 times daily, into the lower Hay fever, conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, vernal Transient irritation may occur immediately after eyelid. CHILD 2 - 12 years : Instill 1 drop daily or twice keratoconjunctivitis and eczematosa instillation daily
Mild burning sensation, headache, and sleepiness, tachycardia, blurred vision
Anti RhD Gamma Globulin 250 mcg/2 Rhogam ml Injection (500 units=100 mcg)
Antilymphocyte/Antithymocyte Immunoglobulin (from Horse) Injection
Atgam
Prevention of Rh(D) sensitisation by IM injection to 50 - 100 mcg within 72 hours after incompatible blood rhesus-negative woman after delivery of rhesustransfusion: 25 mcg (125 units) per ml transfused positive infant blood, up to 1000 mcg i) To be used when conventional anti-rejection therapy is not successful ii) Treatment of aplastic anaemia not responding to oxymethalone after 3 months, in which there is persistent pancytopenia with repeated attacks 10 - 30 mg/kg body weight daily. Slow IV infusion of septicaemia and bleeding. iii) Severe aplastic (over at least 4 hours) diluted in 250 - 500 ml Normal anaemia with the following parameters: a) Saline. For Graft versus host disease treatment:40 Granulocyte less than 0.5x109/L b) Platelet less than mg/kg/day 20x109/L c) Reticulocyte less than 20x109/L iv) As a conditioning regime prior to transplant. v) Graft-versushost disease treatment Treatment of rabies, post-exposure 20 iu/kg; half by IM and half by infiltration around the wound
Hypersensitivity to any of the components of product, dry eyes; especially keratoconjunctivitis sicca, risk of narrow angle glaucoma, receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors or within 14 days of its treatment, children under two years of age; due to the greater incidence of systemic absorption and effects RhD positive mother
Not known
Never administer by IV or to infant. IgA deficiency. Hypersensitivity to thiomersal or human Ig
Pain at injection site. Slight temperature elevation
Live virus vaccines
Perform test dose, prophylactic platelet transfusion before and after infusion. Sodium and fluid Severe and unremitting thrombocytopenia or overload. Monitor for allergic reactions and serum leucopenia, generalized rash, tachycardia, sickness Monitor for signs of leukopenia, dyspnoea, hypotension, anaphylaxis. thrombocytopenia or concurrent infection. Perform skin testing Allergy to neomycin. Prior systemic reaction to human immunoglobulin preparation, isolated immunoglobulin A deficiency Monitor for allergic reactions, perform test dose, prophylactic platelet transfusion before and after infusion and monitor fluid overload, discontinue immediately & permanently withdraw in case of anaphylactic reaction. Monitor blood cell count for 2 week after end of therapy. Monitor platelet count in patient with initial thrombocytopenia & especially in heart transplant patients. Premed with corticosteroids & antihistamines may prevent or alleviate 1st dose syndrome. Pregnancy & lactation
Hypersensitivity, acute viral illness.
Live vaccines, increased risk of infection.
Antirabies Immunoglobulin (Human) 300 iu/2ml
Imogam Rabies
Minor local reactions, systemic reactions, hypersensitivity reaction, neuropathy
Severe febrile infection, acute disease, progressive chronic disease, hypersensitivity to Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant any of the ingredients of the vaccine
Antithymocyte Immunoglobulin (from rabbit) Injection
i) To be used when conventional anti-rejection therapy is not successful (patients who do not respond to horse serum) ii) Treatment of aplastic anaemia not responding to oxymetholone after 3 months, in which Antirejection therapy: 2.5-5 mg/kg/day there is persistent pancytopenia with repeated attacks of septicaemia and bleeding. iii) Severe aplastic anaemia. iv) Graft-versus-host disease treatment
Leucopenia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, fever, chills hypotension, tachycardia, dyspnoea, pain at infusion site, Hypersensitivity peripheral thrombophlebitis, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, serum sickness
Live vaccines
Antivenene Malaysian Pit Viper Injection
Bitten by pit viper
Reconstitute content for the vial with 5 ml sterile Sensitivity testing should be performed before the pyrogen-free distilled water. Administer by IV infusion administration 200 ml of normal saline over a period of 1 - 2 hours
Antivenene Serum (Cobra) Injection
Treatment for cobra bites
The reconstituted antivenin should be given by slow intravenous infusion, approximately 2ml/min.Subsequent dose can be given every 12 hours according to the clinical symptoms
Respiratory support maybe essential. Sensitivity testing should be performed before the administration
Antivenene Serum (Sea snake) 1000 units/26.3 ml Injection
Treatment for sea snake bites
1000 units by IV infusion over 1/2 to 1 hour. In severe Sensitivity testing should be performed before the cases 3000 -10000 units may be required administration Recommended initial dose is 20ml by intravenous infusion. The injection should be given very slowly as 5 minutes by direct slow intravenous route or 1hour by Sensitivity testing should be performed before the administration infusion. If symptoms continue, further doses are administered as required until symptoms completely disappear
Chest pain, hypotension, chills, nervousness, cellulitis, bruising, pruritus, rash, urticaria, anorexia, nausea, coagulation disorder, back pain, circumoral paraesthesia, general paraesthesia, myalgia, asthma, cough, dyspnoea, sputum increased, wheezing, allergic reaction, serum sickness, subcutaneous nodule, wound infection, anaphylaxis, serum sickness Anaphylaxis with hypotension, dyspnea, urticaris, Immune hypersensitivity reaction , shock, transfusion reaction due to serum protein reaction ,serum sickness Anaphylaxis with hypotension, dyspnea, urticaris, Immune hypersensitivity reaction , shock, transfusion reaction due to serum protein reaction ,serum sickness Anaphylaxis with hypotension, dyspnea, urticaris, Immune hypersensitivity reaction , shock, transfusion reaction due to serum protein reaction ,serum sickness
Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation, unless the benefits outweigh the risks and appropriate management for anaphylaxis is available
Not known
Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation, unless the benefits outweigh the risks and appropriate management for anaphylaxis is available Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation, unless the benefits outweigh the risks and appropriate management for anaphylaxis is available Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation, unless the benefits outweigh the risks and appropriate management for anaphylaxis is available
Not known
Not known
Antivenene Serum Snake polyvalent Injection
Antidote for snake bites
Not known
Aprepitant 125 mg Capsule
Emend
In combination with other antiemetic agents for prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat course of highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Moderate to severe liver impairment, pregnancy. 125 mg 1 hour prior to chemotherapy on Day 1. To be Caution is advised both during and up to 2 weeks given as part of a 3-day regimen that includes a after the end of treatment due to the inhibitory and corticosteroid and a 5-HT3 antagonist inductive effects of aprepitant on CYP3A4 substrates
Hiccups, asthenia or fatigue, increased ALT/AST, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, eructation, headache, dizziness, anorexia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and somnolence
Alfuzosin, alprazolam, astemizole, carbamazepine, cisapride, clarithromycin, dexamethasone, diltiazem, eletriptan, ethinyl estradiol, etonogestrel, fentanyl ,ifosfamide, imatinib, irinotecan, iraconazole, ketoconazole, Hypersensitivity, breastfeeding, concurrent use levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, of pimozide, terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride methylprednisolone, midazolam, norethindrone, norgestrel, paclitaxel, paroxetine, phenytoin, rifampin, ritonavir, etrfenadine, tolbutamide, vinblastine ,vincristine, liposome vinorelbine, warfarin
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Aprepitant 80 mg Capsule
Emend
In combination with other antiemetic agents for prevention of delayed nausea and vomitting associated with initial and repeat course of highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Moderate to severe liver impairment, pregnancy. 80 mg once daily in the morning on Days 2 and Day 3. Caution is advised both during and up to 2 weeks To be given as part of a 3-day regimen that includes a after the end of treatment due to the inhibitory and corticosteroid & a 5-HT3 antagonist inductive effects of aprepitant on CYP3A4 substrates.
Hiccups, asthenia or fatigue, increased ALT/AST, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, eructation, headache, dizziness, anorexia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and somnolence
Alfuzosin, alprazolam, astemizole, carbamazepine, cisapride, clarithromycin, dexamethasone, diltiazem, eletriptan, ethinyl estradiol, etonogestrel, fentanyl ,ifosfamide, imatinib, irinotecan, iraconazole, ketoconazole, Hypersensitivity, breastfeeding, concurrent use levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, of pimozide, terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride methylprednisolone, midazolam, norethindrone, norgestrel, paclitaxel, paroxetine, phenytoin, rifampin, ritonavir, etrfenadine, tolbutamide, vinblastine ,vincristine, liposome vinorelbine, warfarin Increased effect with heparin. Blocks aktivity of thrombolytic agents and antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors, succinylcholine Not known
Aprotinin 10,000 KIU/ml Injection
Trasylol
Only for Open Heart Surgery (extracorporeal circulation)
All patients should receive a 1 ml IV test dose at least 10 minutes prior to loading dose. Initially 2 million KIU Previous exposure to aprotinin (increased risk of bolus followed by 2 million KIU in heart-lung machine hypersensitivity),renal insufficiency. followed by a slow infusion of 500,000 KIU/hr until end of surgery. CHILD: 20,000 KIU/kg/day As a soap or apply to the skin as an emollient cream It should not be used before phototherapy or in phototesting procedures
MI, shock, kidney tubular necrosis, lung oedema,atrial fibrillation, hypersensitivity reactions, localised thrombophlebitis Not known
Hypersensitivity to aprotinin products
Aqueous Cream
Dry skin
Not known
Aripiprazole 10mg Tablet
Abilify, AripMT
i) Treatment of acute episodes of schizophrenia and for maintenance of clinical improvement during continuation therapy. ii) Treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder
Suicide, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, seizure disorder, diabetes mellitus, CV disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia-related Schizophrenia: 10 or 15 mg/day. Maintenance dose: psychosis and CV adverse events in elderly. May 15 mg/day. Bipolar mania: Starting dose: 15 or 30 disrupt body's ability to increase/reduce core body mg/day. Dose adjustment should occur at intervals of temperature. Dysphagia, pregnancy & lactation. not less than 24 hour May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Safety and efficacy have not been established in children less than 13 years of age Suicide, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, seizure disorder, diabetes mellitus, CV disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia-related Schizophrenia: 10 or 15 mg/day. Maintenance dose: psychosis and CV adverse events in elderly. May 15 mg/day. Bipolar mania: Starting dose: 15 or 30 disrupt body's ability to increase/reduce core body mg/day. Dose adjustment should occur at intervals of temperature. Dysphagia, pregnancy & lactation. not less than 24 hour May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Safety and efficacy have not been established in children less than 13 years of age ADULT and CHILD over 12 years weighing over 35 kg : 4 tablets as a single dose at the time of initial diagnosis, again 4 tablets after 8 hours and then 4 Electrolyte disturbances, hepatic impairment, renal tablets twice daily (morning and evening) on each of impairment, concomitant administration of drugs the following two days (total course comprises 24 that prolong QT interval, first trimester of pregnancy tablets). INFANT and CHILD weighing 5 kg to less than 35 kg : A 6 dose regimen with 1 to 3 tablets per dose, depending on bodyweight Use cautiously in patients with preexisting kidney ADULT: 100-250 mg once or twice daily CHILD: 100 stone disease, erythrocyte G6PD deficiency, mg three times daily for one week followed by 100mg haemochromatosis, thalassaemia or sideroblastic daily until symptoms abate. anaemia and avoid rapid intravenous injections Use cautiously in patients with preexisting kidney ADULT: 100-250 mg once or twice daily CHILD: 100 stone disease, erythrocyte G6PD deficiency, mg three times daily for one week followed by 100mg haemochromatosis, thalassaemia or sideroblastic daily until symptoms abate. anaemia and avoid rapid intravenous injections Use cautiously in patients with preexisting kidney Therapeutic: Not less than 250 mg daily in divided stone disease, erythrocyte G6PD deficiency, doses haemochromatosis, thalassaemia or sideroblastic anaemia and avoid rapid intravenous injections Avoid abrupt withdrawal; gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Hypertension and arrythmias; 50 - 100 mg daily, Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, Angina; 100 mg daily, Myocardial infarction; diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis. individualised Patients receiving clonidine - discontinue atenolol several days prior to withdrawal of clonidine. Peripheral vascular and renal disease Avoid abrupt withdrawal; gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Hypertension and arrythmias; 50 - 100 mg daily, Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, Angina; 100 mg daily, Myocardial infarction; diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis. individualised Patients receiving clonidine - discontinue atenolol several days prior to withdrawal of clonidine. Peripheral vascular and renal disease CHILD and ADOLESCENTS up to 70 kg: Initially 0.5 mg/kg/day for at least 7 days, then increased according to response. Maintenance: 1.2 mg/kg/day. ADULTS and ADOLESCENTS more than 70 kg: Initially 40 mg/day for at least 7 days then increased according to response. Maintenance: 80 mg/day. Max 100 mg/ day Hypotension, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension tachycardia. Urinary retention or bladder dysfunction. Monitor growth in children, QT interval prolongation, history of seizures, susceptibility to angle-closure glaucoma, hepatic impairment, suicidal ideation. Pregnancy and lactation
Insomnia, restlessness, headache, dizziness, akathisia, somnolence, sedation, tremor, extrapyramidal disorder, blurred vision, Enhance effect of antihypertensive agents, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, Patients who are hypersensitive to aripiprazole alcohol, quinidine, ketoconazole, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia, or to any of the excipients. carbamazepine asthenia/fatigue, weight gain, anxiety diabetic ketoacidosis , neuroleptic malignant syndrome, seizure, peripheral oedema Insomnia, restlessness, headache, dizziness, akathisia, somnolence, sedation, tremor, extrapyramidal disorder, blurred vision, Enhance effect of antihypertensive agents, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, Patients who are hypersensitive to aripiprazole alcohol, quinidine, ketoconazole, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia, or to any of the excipients. carbamazepine asthenia/fatigue, weight gain, anxiety diabetic ketoacidosis , neuroleptic malignant syndrome, seizure, peripheral oedema Hypersensitivity to lumefantrine or halofantrine, or artemether or other artemisinin compounds, history of arrhythmias, bradycardia, and congestive heart failure accompanied by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, congenital QT interval prolongation. Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg, lactation, family history of sudden death History of hyperoxaluria Droperidol, amiloride, amitriptyline, azithromycin, chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, clomipramine, erythromycin, fluconazole, frusemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mefloquine, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin, procainamide, pyrimethamine, quinidine, quinine, spironolactone, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine Antacids, aspirin, contraceptives combination, cyanocobalamin, deferoxamine, gentamicin, haloperidol, iron, levodopa, methotrexate, warfarin Antacids, aspirin, contraceptives combination, cyanocobalamin, deferoxamine, gentamicin, haloperidol, iron, levodopa, methotrexate, warfarin Antacids, aspirin, contraceptives combination, cyanocobalamin, deferoxamine, gentamicin, haloperidol, iron, levodopa, methotrexate, warfarin
Aripiprazole 15mg Tablet
Abilify, AripMT
i) Treatment of acute episodes of schizophrenia and for maintenance of clinical improvement during continuation therapy. ii) Treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder
Artemether 20mg + Lumefantrine 120mg
Riamet
Acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria
Abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, palpitation, cough, headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, asthenia, arthralgia, myalgia, cough, asthenia, fatigue, pruritus, rash
Ascorbic Acid 100 mg Tablet
Vitamin C deficiency
In large doses, gastrointestinal disturbances, renal calcium oxalate calculi formation In large doses, gastrointestinal disturbances, renal calcium oxalate calculi formation In large doses, gastrointestinal disturbances, renal calcium oxalate calculi formation
Ascorbic Acid 500 mg Tablet
Vitamin C deficiency
History of hyperoxaluria
Ascorbic Acid 500 mg/2 ml Injection
For prevention and treatment of scurvy
History of hyperoxaluria
Atenolol 100 mg Tablet
Tenormin
Hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and arrhythmias
Chronic heart failure, AV block, bradycardia, bronchospasm, dizziness, vertigo, nausea, fatigue, diarrhoea
Hypersensitivity to atenolol products, bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block overt Clonidine, catecholamine-depleting agents, cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, metabolic beta-blockers acidosis, severe peripheral circulatory disturbances, sick sinus syndrome Hypersensitivity to atenolol products, bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block overt Clonidine, catecholamine-depleting agents, cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, metabolic beta-blockers acidosis, severe peripheral circulatory disturbances, sick sinus syndrome
Atenolol 50 mg Tablet
Tenormin
Hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and arrhythmias
Chronic heart failure, AV block, bradycardia, bronchospasm, dizziness, vertigo, nausea, fatigue, diarrhoea
Atomoxetine HCl 10 mg Capsule
Strattera
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6 years and older who do not respond to methylphenidate or who have intolerable effects or have tics. Diagnosis should be made according to DSM IV criteria or the guidelines in ICD-10
Gastrointestinal disorder or cardiovascular disorders, weight loss, decreased appetite, weight loss. Nervous system disorders such as dizziness, headache, insomnia, somnolence, Concomitant use with MAOIs. Narrow-angle mood swings, urinary retention, dysmenorrhea, glaucoma, liver injury, jaundice ejaculation disorder. Orthostatic hypotension and syncope, psychiatric disorders such as irritability, suicidal thought
MAOIs, CYP2D6 inhibitors (fluoxetine, paroxetine), salbutamol, pressor agents, drugs that affect noradrenaline
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Strattera
Gastrointestinal disorder or cardiovascular CHILD and ADOLESCENTS up to 70 kg: Initially 0.5 Hypotension, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorders, weight loss, decreased appetite, mg/kg/day for at least 7 days, then increased disease Hypertension tachycardia. Urinary weight loss. Nervous system disorders such as according to response. Maintenance: 1.2 mg/kg/day. retention or bladder dysfunction. Monitor growth in dizziness, headache, insomnia, somnolence, Concomitant use with MAOIs. Narrow-angle ADULTS and ADOLESCENTS more than 70 kg: children, QT interval prolongation, history of mood swings, urinary retention, dysmenorrhea, glaucoma, liver injury, jaundice Initially 40 mg/day for at least 7 days then increased seizures, susceptibility to angle-closure glaucoma, ejaculation disorder. Orthostatic hypotension according to response. Maintenance: 80 mg/day. Max hepatic impairment, suicidal ideation. Pregnancy and syncope, psychiatric disorders such as 100 mg/ day and lactation irritability, suicidal thought CHILD and ADOLESCENTS up to 70 kg: Initially 0.5 mg/kg/day for at least 7 days, then increased according to response. Maintenance: 1.2 mg/kg/day. ADULTS and ADOLESCENTS more than 70 kg: Initially 40 mg/day for at least 7 days then increased according to response. Maintenance: 80 mg/day. Max 100 mg/ day CHILD and ADOLESCENTS up to 70 kg: Initially 0.5 mg/kg/day for at least 7 days, then increased according to response. Maintenance: 1.2 mg/kg/day. ADULTS and ADOLESCENTS more than 70 kg: Initially 40 mg/day for at least 7 days then increased according to response. Maintenance: 80 mg/day. Max 100 mg/ day CHILD and ADOLESCENTS up to 70 kg: Initially 0.5 mg/kg/day for at least 7 days, then increased according to response. Maintenance: 1.2 mg/kg/day. ADULTS and ADOLESCENTS more than 70 kg: Initially 40 mg/day for at least 7 days then increased according to response. Maintenance: 80 mg/day. Max 100 mg/ day Hypotension, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension tachycardia. Urinary retention or bladder dysfunction. Monitor growth in children, QT interval prolongation, history of seizures, susceptibility to angle-closure glaucoma, hepatic impairment, suicidal ideation. Pregnancy and lactation Hypotension, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease Hypertension tachycardia. Urinary retention or bladder dysfunction. Monitor growth in children, QT interval prolongation, history of seizures, susceptibility to angle-closure glaucoma, hepatic impairment, suicidal ideation. Pregnancy and lactation Hypotension, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension tachycardia. Urinary retention or bladder dysfunction. Monitor growth in children, QT interval prolongation, history of seizures, susceptibility to angle-closure glaucoma, hepatic impairment, suicidal ideation. Pregnancy and lactation Heavy alcohol use, history of liver disease. Discontinue therapy if serum transaminase levels rise to 3 times upper limit of normal and are persistent. This class of drug has been known to cause myopathy and renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant administration of fibrates, niacin, cyclosporin or erythromycin may increase the risk of myopathy Heavy alcohol use, history of liver disease. Discontinue therapy if serum transaminase levels rise to 3 times upper limit of normal and are persistent. This class of drug has been known to cause myopathy and renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant administration of fibrates, niacin, cyclosporin or erythromycin may increase the risk of myopathy Heavy alcohol use, history of liver disease. Discontinue therapy if serum transaminase levels rise to 3 times upper limit of normal and are persistent. This class of drug has been known to cause myopathy and renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant administration of fibrates, niacin, cyclosporin or erythromycin may increase the risk of myopathy Other neuromuscular disease, severe cardiovascular disease, myasthenia gravis & severe electrolyte disorders Other neuromuscular disease, severe cardiovascular disease, myasthenia gravis & severe electrolyte disorders Elderly, infant, children Gastrointestinal disorder or cardiovascular disorders, weight loss, decreased appetite, weight loss. Nervous system disorders such as dizziness, headache, insomnia, somnolence, Concomitant use with MAOIs. Narrow-angle mood swings, urinary retention, dysmenorrhea, glaucoma, liver injury, jaundice ejaculation disorder. Orthostatic hypotension and syncope, psychiatric disorders such as irritability, suicidal thought Gastrointestinal disorder or cardiovascular disorders, weight loss, decreased appetite, weight loss. Nervous system disorders such as dizziness, headache, insomnia, somnolence, Concomitant use with MAOIs. Narrow-angle mood swings, urinary retention, dysmenorrhea, glaucoma, liver injury, jaundice ejaculation disorder. Orthostatic hypotension and syncope, psychiatric disorders such as irritability, suicidal thought Gastrointestinal disorder or cardiovascular disorders, weight loss, decreased appetite, weight loss. Nervous system disorders such as dizziness, headache, insomnia, somnolence, Concomitant use with MAOIs. Narrow-angle mood swings, urinary retention, dysmenorrhea, glaucoma, liver injury, jaundice ejaculation disorder. Orthostatic hypotension and syncope, psychiatric disorders such as irritability, suicidal thought Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, myalgia, asthenia, insomnia, angioneurotic oedema, muscle cramps, myostitis, myopathy, cholestatic jaundice, peripheral neuropathy, pruritus
Strattera
Strattera
Atomoxetine HCl 60mg Capsule
Strattera
Atorvastatin 20 mg Tablet
Lipitor
Hypercholesterolaemia and coronary heart disease intolerant or not responsive to other forms of therapy
10 mg once daily. Maximum: 80 mg daily
Liver disease, hypersensitivity to atorvastatin, pregnancy or lactation
Risk of myopathy increased with concurrent administration of cyclosporin, fibric acid derivatives, erythromycin, niacin or azole antifungals. Decreased atorvastatin plasma concentration with oral antacid suspensions containing magnesium and aluminium hydroxides and colestipol Risk of myopathy increased with concurrent administration of cyclosporin, fibric acid derivatives, erythromycin, niacin or azole antifungals. Decreased atorvastatin plasma concentration with oral antacid suspensions containing magnesium and aluminium hydroxides and colestipol Risk of myopathy increased with concurrent administration of cyclosporin, fibric acid derivatives, erythromycin, niacin or azole antifungals. Decreased atorvastatin plasma concentration with oral antacid suspensions containing magnesium and aluminium hydroxides and colestipol Effect enhanced by inhalation anaesthesia, aminoglycoside, polymyxins, lithium, magnesium salts, procainamide and quinidine Effect enhanced by inhalation anaesthesia, aminoglycoside, polymyxins, lithium, magnesium salts, procainamide and quinidine Not known
Lipitor
Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, myalgia, asthenia, insomnia, angioneurotic oedema, muscle cramps, myostitis, myopathy, cholestatic jaundice, peripheral neuropathy, pruritus
Lipitor
Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, myalgia, asthenia, insomnia, angioneurotic oedema, muscle cramps, myostitis, myopathy, cholestatic jaundice, peripheral neuropathy, pruritus Tachycardia, flushing, skin and allergic reactions.Transient hypotension attributed to histamine release. Rarely, bronchospasm, anaphylactoid reactions Tachycardia, flushing, skin and allergic reactions.Transient hypotension attributed to histamine release. Rarely, bronchospasm, anaphylactoid reactions
Atracurium Besylate 25 mg/2.5 ml Injection Atracurium Besylate 50 mg/5 ml Injection
Tracrium
Muscle relaxation
Tracrium
Muscle relaxation Subconjunctival injection to dilate pupils resistant to topical mydriatics Determination of refraction, strabismus, iritis and iridocyclitis, after extra or intracapsular extraction of lens
Atropine Sulphate 0.3%, Cocaine HCl 1.7%, Adrenaline Acid Tartrate 0.03% Mydriatic Injection Atropine Sulphate 1% Eye Drops -
ADULT and CHILD more than 1 month: Initially 300 600 mcg/kg IV injection. Subsequent doses of 80 200 mcg/kg may be given as necessary. IV infusion: 5 - 10 mcg/kg/minute (300 - 600 mcg/kg/hour) ADULT and CHILD more than 1 month: Initially 300 600 mcg/kg IV injection. Subsequent doses of 80 200 mcg/kg may be given as necessary. IV infusion: 5 - 10 mcg/kg/minute (300 - 600 mcg/kg/hour) 1 - 2 drops
Not known
Not known
Prolonged use may produce local irritation, dry Glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. throat and eczema of eyelids Hypersensitivity Transient stinging and raised intra-ocular pressure, local irritation, hyperaemia, oedema and conjunctivitis Glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. Hypersensitivity
PREOPERATIVE MYDRIASIS : one drop of a 1% solution supplemented with one drop of 2.5 or 10% Risk of systemic effects with the eye drops in phenylephrine prior to surgery. ANTERIOR UVEITIS infants under 3 months-eye ointment preferred or POSTOPERATIVE MYDRIASIS : one drop of a 1% or 2% solution up to 3 times a day
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Loss of cisapride efficacy, procainamide coadministered with atropine may result in additive antivagal effects on atrioventricular nodal conduction Major interaction with potassium, topiramate, effect of atropine and other antimuscuranic may be enahnced by concomitant administration of drug with antimuscuranic properties. MAOIs may enhance atropine effect. Reduce GIT motality may affect other oral drug absorption
Atropine Sulphate 1mg/ml Injection
i) Reduce vagal inhibition,salivary and bronchiol secretion in anaesthesia ii) Reversal of excessive bradycardia iii) Reversal of effect of competitive muscle relaxants iv) Overdosage with other compounds having muscarinic action v) Organophosphate poisoning
paediatric and geriatric patients, debilitated patients i) ADULT 300-600 mcg IM/SC 30-60 minutes before with lung disease, autonomic neuropathy, hepatic anaesthesia or 300-600 mcg IV immediately before or renal disease, may cause heat prostration, induction of anaesthesia ii) ADULT 0.5-1 mg repeated, patients with ileostomy or colostomy, diarrhoea may every 3-5 minutes. Max Dosage: 0.04 mg/kg body indicate incomplete intestinal obstruction, avoid weight iii) ADULT 0.6-1.2 mg before or with driving or hazardous activities, may cause anticholinesterase iv) ADULT 0.5-1 mg IV/SC, neuromuscular blockade resulting in weakness or repeated every 2 hour v) ADULT 2 mg IV/IM, every 30 paralysis, hyperthyroidism, coronary heart disease, minutes according to clinical response. Cholinesterase acute myocardial ischemia, CHF, tachyarrhythmia, reactivator should be given at the earliest possible tachycardia, HTN, or prostatic hypertrophy, time pregnancy, neonates Chronic immunosuppression , increases risk of neoplasm, hematologic toxicity, mutagenicity. Bleeding or bruising or signs of infection, bone marrow suppression. Monitor FBC weekly during first 8 week of therapy especially with high dose or severe renal/hepatic impairment. Inherited deficiency of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme. Avoid excessive sun/UV exposure. Pregnancy, lactation and elderly Avoid contact with eyes. May cause hypopigmentation. Should not use with occlusive dressings or wrappings
Constipation, transient bradycardia (followed by tachycardia, palpitations & arrhythmias), reduced bronchial secretions, urinary urgency & retention, dilatation of the pupils with loss of accommodation, photophobia, dry mouth, flushing & dryness of the skin
Hypersensitivity to atropine or anticholinergics, narrow-angle glaucoma, reflux oesophagitis, obstructive gastrointestinal disease/uropathy, ulcerative colitis or toxic megacolon, unstable cardiovascular status in acute haemorrhage or thyrotoxicosis
Azathioprine 50 mg Tablet
Imuran
i)Acute leukaemia ii)Immunosuppressive agent
i) 1-4 mg/kg/day ii) 1.5-2 mg/kg/day
Gastrointestinal disturbances, myelosuppression, pancreatitis, fever. Opportunistic infections especially in transplant patients receiving concomitant other Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, previous alkylating immunosuppressants. Bone marrow agents such as cyclophosphamide, depression, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, chlorambucil, melphalan (risk of neoplasms) nausea. Uncommonly, anaemia, hypersensitivity reactions, cholestasis, pancreatitis Occasionally, local skin irritation, pruritus, tingling feeling, burning or stinging Nausea, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhoea & loose stools. Hearing impairment, interstitial nephritis, acute renal failure, abnormal liver function, dizziness/vertigo, convulsions, headache, somnolence Nausea, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhoea & loose stools. Hearing impairment, interstitial nephritis, acute renal failure, abnormal liver function, dizziness & vertigo, convulsions, headache, somnolence
ACEI, Angiotensin II Antagonist, warfarin, allopurinol, live vaccines, antibacterial. Reduces the neuromuscular blockade of curare, tubocurarine but potentiates that of succinylcholine
Azelaic Acid 20% Cream
Skinoren
Acne vulgaris
Apply twice daily. Treatment should not exceed 6 months
Hypersensitivity to propylene glycol and azelaic Not known acid products Antacids. Ergot derivatives. Monitor patients on concurrent warfarin, digoxin or cyclosporin. Increase levels of tacrolimus, phenytoin, bromocriptine, disopyramide
Azithromycin 200 mg/5 ml Granules
Zithromax
Treatment of complicated respiratory tract infections not responding to standard macrolides i) Treatment of complicated respiratory tract infection not responding to standard macrolides ii) Adult treatment of uncomplicated genital infections due to Chlamydia trichomatis or susceptible Neisseria gonorrhoea iii) Prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with advanced HIV Only for treatment of severe atypical pneumonia
CHILD 36 - 45 kg: 400 mg, 26 - 35 kg: 300mg, 15 - 25 kg 200 mg, less than 15 kg: 10 mg/kg. To be taken Moderate or severe renal impairment; severe liver daily for 3 days or to be taken as a single dose on day impairment; pregnancy & lactation 1, then half the daily dose on days 2 - 5
Known hypersensitivity to azithromycin or any of the macrolides
Azithromycin 250 mg Tablet
Zithromax
i) 500 mg daily for 3 days ii) 1 g as a single dose iii) 1 Moderate or severe renal impairment, liver g weekly impairment, pregnancy & lactation
Antacids, ergot derivatives. Monitor patients on concurrent warfarin, digoxin or cIclosporin
Azithromycin 500 mg Injection
Zithromax
Bacampicillin 400 mg Tablet
Penglobe
Infections caused by ampicillin-sensitive gram positive& gram negative microorganisms
Baclofen 10 mg Tablet
Lioresal
Spasticity of the skeletal muscle
Balanced Salt Solution Balanced Salt Solution PLUS (fortified with sodium bicarbonate, glucose & glutathione)
Ocusol
For irrigation during ocular surgery For irrigation during intraocular surgery especially in patients with poor cornea endothelium and poorly controlled diabetes
Nausea, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhoea& loose stools. Hearing impairment, interstitial nephritis, acute renal failure, abnormal liver function, dizziness& vertigo, convulsions, headache, somnolence ADULT: 400 mg twice daily. Severe infection: 800 mg Diarrhoea, indigestion, urticarial or Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, renal or hepatic twice daily. CHILD more than 25 kg: 12.5 - 25 mg/kg erythematous rash, hepatitis, cholestatic impairment, superinfection 12 hourly jaundice Pregnancy, patients suffering not only from Daytime sedation, drowsiness, nausea and spasticity but also from psychotic disorders, ADULT: 5 mg 3 times daily. Max: 80 mg daily. CHILD: schizophrenia or confusional states, epilepsy, other central nervous system disorders, 0.75 - 2 mg/kg daily (more than 10 years, maximum: cerebrovascular or respiratory insufficiency. Central gastrointestinal disturbances, dysuria, 2.5 mg/kg daily) frequency of micturition, enuresis or retention of nervous system depressants, antihypertensives, urine, respiratory depression levodopa. Caution in road users. Avoid abrupt discontinuation For local use only. The use of additives with this Irrigate as directed Ocular irritation solution may cause corneal decompensation 500 mg IV as a single daily dose for a minimum of two Moderate or severe renal impairment, sever liver days followed by 500 mg oral dose as a single daily impairment, pregnancy & lactation dose to complete a 7 - 10 days course Irrigate as directed It does not contain a preservative; therefore, do not reuse for more than one patient. Tissue damage Ocular irritation could result if other drugs are added to the product Hypersensitivity reactions, constipation, aspiration pneumonia if aspirated, ventricular fibrillation, bradycardia, asystole, electrocardiographic changes, and hypotension, urticaria, pruritus, erythema and generalized rashes, dysphagia, constipation, diarrhea, acute pritonitis, anaphylactic reactions, headache, dyspnea
Antacids, ergot derivatives. Monitor patients on concurrent warfarin, digoxin or ciclosporin. Increase levels of tacrolimus, phenytoin, bromocriptine, disopyramide Aminoglycosides, oral contraceptives Tricyclics and lithium enhance muscle relaxant effect, ACE inhibitor, diuretics and antihypertensives enhance hypotensive effect. Sedative effect enhanced with alcohol, anxiolytics and hypnotics. Excretion reduced by ibuprofen and possibly other NSAIDs Not known
Hypersensitivity to penicillins
Epilepsy and other convulsive conditions, corticol or subcorticol brain damage, peptic ulceration, known hypersensitivity to baclofen Hypersensitivity to any of the components of product Hypersensitivity to any of the components of product
B.S.S PLUS
Not known
Barium Sulphate Suspension
Baritop, Barytgen
For x-ray examination of the alimentary tract: i) Oesophagus ii) Stomach and duodenum iii) Colon
Intestinal obstruction, pyloric stenosis or lesions which may predispose to obstruction, conditions which may predispose to perforation such as acute ulcerative colitis and acute diverticulitis. Adequate i) Up to 150 ml of a 50% - 200% suspension orally ii) hydration should be ensured after the procedure to Up to 300 ml of a 30% - 200% suspension orally iii) Up prevent severe constipation, history of bronchial to 2 litre of a 30% - 200% suspension orally asthma or allergy, previous reaction to a contrast agent, hypertension, advanced cardiac disease, intussusception with symptoms of more than 24 hours duration, tracheoesophageal fistula
Gastrointestinal perforation, acute bleeding from gastrointestinal tract, peritonitis, pneumatosis intestinalis, gross intestinal Not known obstruction, known or suspected perforation, hypersensitivity to anything in the barium sulfate suspension
Basiliximab 20 mg Injection
Simulect
Prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in de novo renal transplantation.
ADULT & CHILD 2 years and above & 35 kg or more:20 mg /dose. 2 years or more but less than 35kg:10 mg/dose. First dose given within 2 hours before start of transplantation and second dose 4th day after transplant
Constipation, UTI pain, nausea, peripheral oedema, hypertension, anaemia, surgical wound complication, weight gain, increased serum creatinine, hypophosphataemia diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection, Pregnancy, avoid breast-feeding for 4 months after hypertrichosis, rhinitis, fever, viral infection, the last dose. Re-exposure to a subsequent course sepsis, atrial fibrillation; headache, insomnia, of therapy of basiliximab hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricaemia, hypophosphataemia, hypercholesterolaemia, tremor, dyspnoea, infection. Hypersensitivity and anaphylactoidtype reactions
Known hypersensitivity to basiliximab and murine proteins
Immunosuppressives other than ciclosporin and corticosteroids may increase the potential for over-immunosuppression
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
BCG 81 mg/3 ml
Immucyst
Superficial bladder cancer
Asthmatic patients, Immunogenic material can result in astmatic attacks or anaphylaxis. The person preparing the product should wear gloves, mask and gown. Discarded containers, syringes and other equipment used for handling the vaccine 81 mg intravesically once weekly for 6 weeks, followed should be sterilised before disposal. BCG by treatments at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after (intravesical) should not be administered if there is initial treatment indication that catherisation has been traumatic. BCG should not be administered earlier than 7 days following transurethral resection. Urine voided in the first 6 hours following intravesical BCG instillation should be handled as infection waste.
Flu-like symptoms, chemical cystitis, urinary tract infection, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, hematuria, urinary frequency, dysuria, local irritative symptoms, diarrhea; anemia, leukopenia, prostatitis, ureteral obstruction, systemic BCG infection
Hypersensitivity to BCG vaccine. Patients with positive tuberculin tests, AIDS, burns, on immunosuppressive therapy or with compromised immune systems, who had a transurethral resection or traumatic bladder catheterization in the previous week. Active TB, evidence of systemic BCG reaction, fever, UTI
Concurrent use with antimicrobial therapy and immunosuppressive agents may impair efficacy of BCG, Drug combinations containing bone marrow depressants &/or immunosuppressants &/or radiation may impair the response
BCG Vaccine Freeze-Dried Injection -
For the prevention of tuberculosis
0.1 ml by intradermal injection. INFANT under 12 months: 0.05 ml
Children born to HIV positive mothers, pregnancy
Congenital or acquired cell-mediated immune deficiencies (including HIV), patients with Superficial, self healing ulceration, injection site systemic corticosteroid/ immunosuppressive reaction, lymphadenopathy treatment, malignant condition, pyrexia, generalised infected dermatoses, organ abnormalities Candidiasis of the mouth and throat, hoarseness or throat irritation, headache, secondary hypocortisolism, osteoporosis, cataract, glaucoma, paradoxical bronchospasm (discontinue immediately). Patients are advised to gargle after using the medication Candidiasis of the mouth and throat, hoarseness or throat irritation, headache, secondary hypocortisolism, osteoporosis, cataract, glaucoma, paradoxical bronchospasm (discontinue immediately). Patients are advised to gargle after using the medication Nasal irritation, sneezing, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, watery eyes, nasopharyngeal candidiasis, nasal septal perforation, dryness and irritation of the nose and throat, hoarseness, unpleasant taste and smell, glaucoma, rashes, urticaria, pruritis, erythema, cataract, glaucoma Dermatitis Skin and eye irritation Allergic reactions, glossitis, stomatitis, haemolytic anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, neuropathy, nephropathy, Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions secondary to bacteriolysis Severe mental disturbances, confusion, drowsiness, restlessness, hallucinations, excitement, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, blurring of vision, constipation, urinary retention, glaucoma Local irritation Local irritation Allergic reaction and dermatologic effects
Not known
Beclomethasone Dipropionate 100 mcg/dose Inhalation
Becotide
ADULT : 100 mcg 3 - 4 times daily or 200 mcg twice Prophylaxis of asthma especially if not fully controlled daily. CHILD more than 6 years : 50 - 100 mcg 2 - 4 by bronchodilators times daily
Pulmonary tuberculosis, pregnancy. Adrenal insufficiency (when replacing systemic corticosteroid therapy), exposure to viral infection (chickenpox, measles), ocular herpes simplex, tuberculosis (active or quiescent), untreated fungal, bacterial, or systemic viral infections
Hypersensitivity to beclomethasone dipropionate, acute asthma exacerbations, status asthmaticus. Special care is necessary in Not known patients with active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis Hypersensitivity to beclomethasone dipropionate, acute asthma exacerbations, status asthmaticus. Special care is necessary in Not known patients with active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis
Beclomethasone Dipropionate 200 mcg/dose Inhalation
Beclomet
Pulmonary tuberculosis, pregnancy. Adrenal insufficiency (when replacing systemic Prophylaxis of asthma especially if not fully controlled ADULT : 1 - 2 puff twice daily. May increase to 2 puff 2 corticosteroid therapy), exposure to viral infection by bronchodilators - 4 times daily (chickenpox, measles), ocular herpes simplex, tuberculosis (active or quiescent), untreated fungal, bacterial, or systemic viral infections ADULT and CHILD over 6 years : Apply 100 mcg (2 sprays) into each nostril twice daily or 50 mcg (1 spray) into each nostril 3 - 4 times/day. Maximum 400 Tuberculosis, first trimester of pregnancy, local or mcg daily (8 sprays). When symptoms controlled, systemic infection, hypercorticism reduce dose to 50 mcg (1 spray) into each nostril twice daily Wash and dry baby's bottom. Apply by spreading the cream evenly paying particular attention to the fold of Avoid contact with the eyes, mouth and nose the skin, after every nappy change Cleaning purposes: Dilute 1 in 10. Disinfection, use Protect surrounding skin, face and eye. Advice to undiluted wear personal protective equipment (PPE) Diabetes. Not for SC, IV or intralumbarly or into i) ADULT: 1.2 mega units IM ii) For syphillis: 2.4 mega body cavities. Impaired renal function, infants, units weekly for 1 - 3 weeks elderly, hypersensitivity to cephalosporins Autonomic neuropathy, heart disease, hepatic or renal disease, hyperthyroidism, paediatric, elderly, potential for abuse, prostatic hypertrophy, ADULT: Initially 1 mg daily. Maintenance: 5 - 15 mg glaucoma, obstructive disease of gastrointestinal or daily in 3 - 4 divided doses. CHILD: 0.02 mg/kg/dose 8 genitourinary, pregnancy and lactation. Use with hourly, gradually increasing to 0.1 - 0.3 mg/kg/dose caution in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. Avoid driving or hazardous activities. Monitor intraocular pressure Contact with the eyes, mouth and other mucous Apply sparingly to affected area once or twice daily membranes should be avoided Contact with the eyes, mouth and other mucous Apply sparingly to affected area once or twice daily membranes should be avoided Apply undiluted to the skin 1 or 2 times daily. Duration of therapy, may be weeks to months depending on the May result in mild irritation at the site of application infection being treated Avoid contact with eyes, mouth and other mucous Apply sparingly once or twice daily membranes. May bleach dyed clothing and fabrics. Avoid unnecessary sun exposure Avoid contact with eyes, mouth and other mucous Apply sparingly once or twice daily membranes. May bleach dyed clothing and fabrics. Avoid unnecessary sun exposure Prostatic hypertrophy, mental disorder, pregnancy, ADULT: 0.5 - 1 mg daily usually at bedtimes. elderly, tachycardia, obstructive uropathy, Maintenance: 1 - 4 mg daily in single or divided doses. predisposition to glaucoma, untreated narrow angle Maximum 6 mg daily. CHILD: 0.02 - 0.06 mg/kg/dose glaucoma, tardive dyskinesia. Avoid driving or 1 - 2 times a day hazardous activities Used as a 30 seconds gargle or rinse, undiluted. Hepatic or renal impairment, pregnancy, children ADULT 15 ml. CHILD less 12 years 5-15 ml. less than 6 years, in bacterial infection, appropriate Uninterrupted treatment should not be more than 7 antibacterial therapy should be used in addition to days product
Beclomethasone Dipropionate 50 mcg/dose Nasal Spray
Beconase
Prophylaxis and treatment of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis
After nasal surgery or if having untreated nasal infection, acute asthma exacerbations, Effects enhanced by nasal vasoconstrictors hypersensitivity to beclomethasone, status asthmaticus
Benzalkonium 0.01% Cream Benzalkonium Chloride Disinfectant Solution
Drapolene Viraclean
Prevention and treatment of nappy rash Low level disinfectant suitable for general cleaning and disinfection of hard surface i) Treatment of mild to moderately severe infections due to Penicillin G-sensitive organisms ii) Treatment of syphillis
Hypersensitivity to benzalkonium products Hypersensitivity to any of its component
Not known Do not mix with other chemicals
Benzathine Penicillin 2.4 mega units Penadur L.A. Injection (1.8 g)
Hypersensitivity to penicillins& cephalosporins. Severe pneumonia, empyema, sepsis, Bacteriostatic antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, pericarditis, meningitis, peritonitis or arthritis antirheumatics, antipyretics, probenecids, oral requiring high dose of penicillin levels, bronchial contraceptives asthma Children under 3 years, narrow-angle glaucoma, closed-angle glaucoma, tardive dyskinesias, prostatic enlargement, paralytic ileus, chronic pulmonary disease, sick sinus syndrome, thyrotoxicosis, cardiac failure with tachycardia, lactation Hypersensitivity to any component. Diabetes, impaired circulation Hypersensitivity, use in children less than 2 years, diabetes impaired circulation Hypersensitivity to any of its compound
Benzhexol 2 mg Tablet
Artane
i) Parkinson's disease ii) Drug induced parkinsonism iii) Dystonias
Alcohol and central nervous system depressants may increase the sedative effect of benzhexol. Delayed absorption of other oral drugs
Benzoic Acid Compound Half Strength (Paed) Ointment Benzoic Acid Compound Ointment Benzoin Compound Tincture
Whitfields Whitfields
Tinea infections of the skin Tinea infections of thickened skin of palms and soles Infected skin, lesions, cuts, abrasions, wounds and burns
Not known Not known Not known
Benzoyl Peroxide 10% Gel
Panoxyl
Mild to moderate acne vulgaris
Burning or stinging contact dermatitis, redness
Hypersensitivity to benzoyl peroxide products
Not known
Benzoyl Peroxide 5% Gel
Panoxyl
Mild to moderate acne vulgaris
Burning or stinging contact dermatitis, redness
Hypersensitivity to benzoyl peroxide products
Not known
Benztropine Mesilate 2 mg Tablet
Cogentin
i) Parkinson's disease ii) Drug induced parkinsonism iii) Dystonias
Dry mouth, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, Narrow angle glaucoma, tardive dyskinesia, constipation, allergic reaction, confusion, drugchildren below 3 years old, hypersensitivity to induced psychosis, heat stroke, hyperpyrexia, benztropine or any component paralytic ileus, raised intraocular pressure Oral numbness, dryness or thirst, tingling, warm Known hypersensitivity to the drug or to any of feeling in mouth, altered sense of taste the components of the vehicle
Phenothiazine, tricyclic antidepresant and anticholinergic
Benzydamine HCl 0.15% Solution
Difflam
For relief of painful condition of the oral cavity
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
After bath, apply over the whole body, neck down and leave on for 24 hours then wash off. Reapply for another 24 hours, the first repeat application should be within 5 days of the initial application, a third application may be required in some cases After bath, apply over the whole body, neck down and leave on for 24 hours then wash off. Reapply for another 24 hours, the first repeat application should be within 5 days of the initial application, a third application may be required in some cases i) ADULT: 600 - 1200 mg IM 4 times daily, increased if necessary in more serious infections. CHILD: 50 - 100 mg/kg body weight daily IV in 2 - 4 divided doses ii) ADULT: 7.2 g daily by slow IV infusion in 6 divided doses 1-2 drops every 15 minutes or accordingly to needs of the patient 1-2 drops every 15 minutes or accordingly to needs of the patient
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Benzyl Benzoate 12.5 % Emulsion (Child)
Scabies and pediculosis, for child under 2 years
Benzyl Benzoate 25 % Emulsion (Adult)
Scabies and pediculosis
Benzylpenicillin 1 mega unit (600 mg) Injection
i) Infections caused by susceptible organisms ii) Infective endocarditis
Benzylpenicillin 10,000 units/ml Eye Drops Benzylpenicillin 2,500 units/ml (1.5 mg/ml) Eye Drops
Eye infection
Eye infection
May be irritant to the skin of some patients, burning sensation especially on genitalia and Contact with mucous membranes, head, face, excoriations occasionally rashes, stinging and broken or inflammed skin, avoid contact with eyes. contact dermatitis, local irritation, particularly in Not recommended for children, lactation (withhold children, splash contact with benzyl benzoate during treatment) may produce irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes May be irritant to the skin of some patients, burning sensation especially on genitalia and Contact with mucous membranes, head, face, excoriations occasionally rashes, stinging and broken or inflammed skin, avoid contact with eyes. contact dermatitis, local irritation, particularly in Not recommended for children, lactation (withhold children, splash contact with benzyl benzoate during treatment) may produce irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes Hypersensitivity reactions, GI disturbances, eosinophilia, haemolytic anaemia, leucopenia, History of anaphylaxis, accelerated (e.g. hives) or agranulocytosis. Convulsions in the presence of serum sickness reaction to previous penicillin severely reduced renal function, epilepsy, administration meningitis or cerebral oedema or during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure Patients with a history of penicillin or cephalosporin hypersensitivity reactions, atopic predisposition Skin rashes, anaphylaxis, urticaria (e.g. asthma), impaired renal function, or preexisting seizure disorder Patients with a history of penicillin or cephalosporin hypersensitivity reactions, atopic predisposition Skin rashes, anaphylaxis, urticaria (e.g. asthma), impaired renal function, or preexisting seizure disorder
Hypersensitivity to benzyl benzoate
Not known
Hypersensitivity to benzyl benzoate
Not known
History of anaphylaxis, accelerated (e.g. hives) Bacteriostatic antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, or serum sickness reaction to previous penicillin antirheumatics, antipyretics, probenecids, oral administration contraceptives History of anaphylaxis, accelerated (e.g. hives) or serum sickness reaction to previous penicillin Not known administration History of anaphylaxis, accelerated (e.g. hives) or serum sickness reaction to previous penicillin Not known administration
Benzylpenicillin 5 mega units (3 g) Injection
i) Infections caused by susceptible organisms ii) Infective endocarditis
i) ADULT: 600 - 1200 mg IM 4 times daily, increased if necessary in more serious infections. CHILD: 50 - 100 History of anaphylaxis, accelerated (e.g. hives) or mg/kg body weight daily IV in 2 - 4 divided doses ii) serum sickness reaction to previous penicillin ADULT: 7.2 g daily by slow IV infusion in 6 divided administration doses Continuous monitoring with arterial or transcutaneous measurement of systemic oxygen and carbon dioxide
Beractant Intratracheal Suspension (200 mg phospholipids in 8 ml vial)
Survanta
Treatment of newborn baby with birth weight of 700 g or greater undergoing mechanical ventilation for 100 mg/kg (4 ml/kg) body weight via endotracheal respiratory distress syndrome, whose heart rate and tube every 6 hours (1 - 4 doses) arterial oxygenation are continuously monitored Vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease
Hypersensitivity reactions, GI disturbances, eosinophilia, haemolytic anaemia, leucopenia, History of anaphylaxis, accelerated (e.g. hives) Bacteriostatic antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, agranulocytosis. Convulsions in the presence of or serum sickness reaction to previous penicillin antirheumatics, antipyretics, probenecids, oral severely reduced renal function, epilepsy, administration contraceptives meningitis or cerebral oedema or during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure Transient bradycardia, hypoxia, endotracheal tube reflux Not known Not known
Betahistine Dihydrochloride 16 mg Tablet
Betaserc
Vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease
Vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease
Betahistine should not be given to patients with phaeochromocytoma. It should be given with care Given in doses of 8 to 16 mg orally 3 times daily (total to patients with asthma, peptic ulcer disease or a 24 to 48 mg/day) preferably with food. CHILD not Nausea, vomiting, skin rash, pruritus history of peptic ulcer disease. Antihistamines may recommended block some or all of intended effects of betahistine. Liver disease, pregnancy, lactation Betahistine should not be given to patients with phaeochromocytoma. It should be given with care to patients with asthma, peptic ulcer disease or a 24 mg twice daily Nausea, vomiting, skin rash, pruritus history of peptic ulcer disease. Antihistamines may block some or all of intended effects of betahistine. Liver disease, pregnancy, lactation Betahistine should not be given to patients with phaeochromocytoma. It should be given with care Given in doses of 8 to 16 mg orally 3 times daily (total to patients with asthma, peptic ulcer disease or a 24 to 48 mg/day) preferably with food. CHILD not Nausea, vomiting, skin rash, pruritus history of peptic ulcer disease. Antihistamines may recommended block some or all of intended effects of betahistine. Liver disease, pregnancy, lactation 0.5 - 9 mg daily in divided doses. CHILD: 0.5 - 7.5 mg/m2/day divided every 6 - 12 hours Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage gradually Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness, peptic ulcer, Cushing's syndrome
Hypersensitivity, phaeochromocytoma
Selegiline
Selegiline
Selegiline
Betamethasone 0.5 mg Tablet
Celestone
Suppression of inflammatory and allergic disorders, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, cerebral oedema Eczemas, prurigo nodularis, limited psoriasis in appropriate in sites Eczema, prurigo nodularis, limited psoriasis in appropriate in sites Eczemas, prurigo nodularis, psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis) Eczema, prurigo nodularis, psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis) Non-infected inflammatory conditions
Systemic fungal infection (unless specific antimicrobial therapy given) Viral diseases, bacteria and fungal infection, acne, rosacea and perioral dermatitis. Hypersensitivity to betamethasone products Viral diseases, bacteria and fungal infection, acne, rosacea and perioral dermatitis. Hypersensitivity to betamethasone products Viral diseases, bacteria and fungal infection, acne, rosacea and perioral dermatitis. Hypersensitivity to betamethasone products Viral diseases, bacteria and fungal infection, acne, rosacea and perioral dermatitis. Hypersensitivity to betamethasone products Viral, fungal, tuberculosis, purulent eye infection, glaucoma, herpetic keratitis, otitis media, history of perforation of the ear drum Viral, fungal, tuberculosis, purulent eye infection, glaucoma, herpetic keratitis, otitis media, history of perforation of the ear drum
Betamethasone 17-Valerate 0.010.05% Cream Betamethasone 17-Valerate 0.010.05% Ointment Betamethasone 17-Valerate 0.1% Cream Betamethasone 17-Valerate 0.1% Ointment Betamethasone Disodium Phoshate 0.1% Ear Drops Betamethasone Disodium Phoshate 0.5% Ear Drops
Betnovate
Betnovate
Betnovate
Betnovate
Local skin atrophy, striae, systemic Apply sparingly to affected area 2 - 3 times daily then Extensive or prolonged use, pregnancy, infant and hypercorticism, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, reduced to once daily when improvement occurs children less than 4 years. Avoid contact with eyes acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation and allergic contact dermatitis Local skin atrophy, striae, systemic Extensive or prolonged use, pregnancy, infant and Apply sparingly to affected area 2 - 3 times daily then hypercorticism, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, children less than 4 year. Avoid contact with eyes. reduced to once daily when improvement occurs acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, prioral Use in patients 12 years of age younger and allergic contact dermatitis Local skin atrophy, striae, systemic Extensive or prolonged use, pregnancy, infant and Apply sparingly to affected area 2 - 3 times daily then hypercorticism, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, children less than 4 year. Avoid contact with eyes. reduced to once daily when improvement occurs acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation and Use in patients 12 years of age younger allergic contact dermatitis Local skin atrophy, striae, systemic Extensive or prolonged use, pregnancy, infant and Apply sparingly to affected area 2-3 times daily then hypercorticism, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, children less than 4 years old. Avoid contact with reduced to once daily when improvement occurs acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, prioral eyes. Use in patients 12 years of age younger and allergic contact dermatitis Apply 2 - 3 drops every 2 - 3 hours, reduce frequency Prolonged use in infants, pregnancy, may result in when relief obtained secondary fungal infections Apply 2 - 3 drops every 2 - 3 hours, reduce frequency Prolonged use in infants, pregnancy, may result in when relief obtained secondary fungal infections Local sensitivity reactions
CYP3A3/4 enzyme substrate, phenytoin, phenobarbital, potassium-depleting diuretics. Skin test antigens, immunizations: Betamethasone may decrease response Not known
Not known
Not known
Not known
Betnesol
As general with other corticosteroids
Betnesol
Non-infected inflammatory conditions
Local sensitivity reactions
As general with other corticosteroids
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Bacterial, fungal, viral, tuberculous or purulent conditions of the eye. Glaucoma, herpetic Not known keratitis (e.g. dendritic ulcer). Hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation Bacterial, fungal, viral, tuberculous or purulent conditions of the eye. Glaucoma, herpetic Not known keratitis (e.g. dendritic ulcer). Hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation
Interactions
Betamethasone Disodium Phosphate Betnesol 0.1% Eye Drops
Non-infected inflammatory conditions of the eyes
Betamethasone Disodium Phosphate Celestone 0.1% Eye Ointment
Non-infected inflammatory conditions of the eyes
Red eye, steroid glaucoma, steroid cataract, Prolonged use in infants. May impair ability to drive thinning of the cornea and sclera, burning, dry 1 - 2 drops every 1 - 2 hours until controlled then or operate machinery. Pregnancy. Withdrawal if eyes, photophobia, glaucoma, elevated reduce frequency there is spread of infection intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, cataract Red eye, steroid glaucoma, steroid cataract, Prolonged use in infants. May impair ability to drive thinning of the cornea and sclera, burning, dry 2 - 4 times daily or at night when used with eye drops or operate machinery. Pregnancy. Withdrawal if eyes, photophobia, glaucoma, elevated there is spread of infection intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, cataract Apply 2 - 3 drops 3 - 4 times daily, reduce frequency when relief obtained Prolonged use in infants, may impair ability to drive Rise in intraocular pressure, epistaxis, and operate machinery, pregnancy, withdraw if ulceration of throat there is spread of infection Prolonged use in infants. May impair ability to drive Rise in intraocular pressure, corneal ulcers. or operate machinery. Pregnancy. Withdrawal if Rarely, acute sensitization to neomycin, optic there is spread of infection nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage gradually Diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, patients with excessive restriction of pulmonary function, severe reactive airway disease, asthma, pregnancy Moderate to severe hepatic impairment Aphakia, pseudoaphakia, active intraocular inflammation, macular oedema, renal impairment, liver impairment, pregnancy, lactation Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness, peptic ulcer
Betamethasone Disodium Phosphate and Neomycin Sulphate 0.5% Ear Betnesol-N Drops Betamethasone Disodium Phosphate Betnesol-N and Neomycin Sulphate Eye Drops
Allergic dermatosis in the ear
Viral, fungal infection, tuberculous, purulent eye infection, glaucoma, otitis media, history of As general with other corticosteroids perforation of the ear drum, allergy to neomycin or to any component of the preparation Bacterial, fungal, viral, tuberculous or purulent conditions of the eye. Glaucoma, herpetic Not known keratitis (e.g. dendritic ulcer). Hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation Systemic fungal infection Not known Epinephrine, catecholamine-depleting drugs, adrenergic psychotropic drugs, oral betablockers Enhanced coumarin anticoagulants effect, cimetidine, ketoconazole, cyclosporin and Cachannel blockers Latanoprost
Infected inflammatory conditions of the eyes
2 - 3 drops every 2 - 3 hours
Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate 4 Celestone mg/ml Injection
Usual intravenous doses are up to 9 mg/day of the Pre-operative and in serious trauma or illness, shock, sodium phosphate salt only. CHILD: IM: 0.5 - 7.7 mg as adjunctive therapy in rheumatoid disorders, ocular, base/m2/day divided every 6 - 12 hours. dermatologic and respiratory allergic and inflammatory ADOLESCENT and ADULT, IM: 0.6 - 9 mg divided states every 12 - 24 hours Chronic open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension Advanced prostate cancer in combination with LHRH analogue therapy or surgical castration. One to two drops in the affected eye(s) twice daily 50 mg once daily. (morning or evening), with or without food. Take on the same time each day.
Betaxolol 0.25% Eye Suspension
Betoptic
Ocular stinging, pain, itching, erythema, dry Patients with bradycardia, heart block, or eyes and allergic blepharoconjunctivitis, corneal uncontrolled heart failure disorders GI disturbances, hot flushes, pain Eyelash formation, conjunctival hyperemia, iris pigmentation, ocular pruritus, conjunctival oedema, headache, hypertension, common cold, acute upper respiratory infection, superficial punctuate keratitis Women, children, pregnancy, lactation
Bicalutamide 50 mg Tablet
Casodex
Bimatoprost 0.03% Ophthalmic Solution
Lumigan
Lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with open1 drop in affected eye(s) once daily at evening angle glaucoma and ocular hyperten i) ADULT and CHILD over 10 years: 10 mg, CHILD less than 10 years 5 mg insert rectally ii) ADULT 1020 mg, CHILD over 4 years 5 mg the following morning before procedures insert rectally i) ADULT and CHILD over 10 years: 10 mg, CHILD i) Constipation ii) Bowel preparation for radiological less than 10 years 5 mg insert rectally ii) ADULT 10procedures and surgery 20 mg, CHILD over 4 years 5 mg the following morning before procedures insert rectally i) ADULT and CHILD over 10 years 5-10 mg, CHILD 410 years 5 mg. To be taken at night for effect on the i) Constipation ii) Bowel preparation for radiological following morning ii) ADULT 10-20 mg the night before procedures and surgery procedures, CHILD over 4 years 5 mg the night before procedures For relief of pruritus, burning and soreness in patients Insert 1 suppository night and morning after bowel with haemorrhoids and perianal conditions movements; do not use for longer than 7 days As a mild antiseptic for wounds and abscesses. As directed for local application Sterile gauze impregnated with paste for packing cavities after otorhinological surgery i) Constipation ii) Bowel preparation for radiological procedures and surgery Treatment of stable moderate to severe congestive cardiac failure in addition to ACEI's and diuretics 1.25 mg once daily to 5 - 10 mg daily
Hypersensitivity to bimatoprost or any component of the product
Bisacodyl 10 mg Suppository
Dulcolax
Prolonged use, abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel Rarely,electrolyte and fluid imblances, Ileus, intestinal obstruction, acute abdominal disease, sudden, persistent change in bowel habits abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, rectal burning, conditions, rectal bleeding, appendicitis and ulcerated haemorrhoids of rectal fissures vomiting Prolonged use, abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel Rarely,electrolyte and fluid imblances, Ileus, intestinal obstruction, acute abdominal disease, sudden, persistent change in bowel habits abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, rectal burning, conditions, rectal bleeding, appendicitis and ulcerated haemorrhoids of rectal fissures vomiting Rarely,electrolyte and fluid imblances, Prolonged use, abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel Ileus, intestinal obstruction, acute abdominal abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, rectal burning, disease, sudden, persistent change in bowel habits conditions, rectal bleeding, appendicitis vomiting Not for prolonged use. Use in children is not recommended Hyperthyroidism, nasal packing use not more than 3 days. Ear packing use not more than 2 weeks Avoid abrupt withdrawal; gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis. Peripheral vascular and renal disease Avoid abrupt withdrawal; gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis. Peripheral vascular and renal disease Beware of increased risk of pulmonary fibrosis in elderly patients (more than 70 years), if radiotherapy has been given to the chest, if cumulative lifetime doses of bleomycin are exceeded or if high concentrations of oxygen is given after bleomycin therapy. Monitor lung function. Risk of anaphylatic reaction is higher in patients with lymphoma receiving bleomycin. Reconstitute in 0.9% sodium chloride or sterile water. Should not reconstitute in dextrosecontaining solutions Cumulative effect, if ingested can cause gastrointestinal iritation, loss of appetite. Not recommended for children below 3 years except with paediatrician consultation Hypersensitivity to any component of preparation Erythematous rash, encephalopathy reported Allergy to iodine or other components in the only with large packs or when placed directly on preparations neural tissue, nasal mucosal fibrosis Local irritation Arrythmia, bradycardia, chest pain, oedema, hypotension, dizziness, headache, fatique, diarrhoea, nausea, impotency, cough, rhinitis Arrythmia, bradycardia, chest pain, oedema, hypotension, dizziness, headache, fatique, diarrhoea, nausea, impotency, cough, rhinitis Hypersensitivity, cardiac failure, pulmonary oedema, pregnancy, severe asthma or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypotension Hypersensitivity, cardiac failure, pulmonary oedema, pregnancy, severe asthma or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypotension
Milk, antacids, warfarin
Bisacodyl 5 mg Suppository
Dulcolax
Bisacodyl 5 mg Tablet
Dulcolax
Bismuth Subgallate and Benzyl Benzoate Suppository Bismuth Subnitrate, Iodoform and Liquid Paraffin Paste
Anusol BIPP
Not known Not known Prazosin, digoxin, amiodarone, ACEI, antidiabetic agent, calcitriol, cholestyramine, clonidine Prazosin, digoxin, amiodarone, ACEI, antidiabetic agent, calcitriol, cholestyramine, clonidine
Bisoprolol Fumarate 2.5 mg Tablet
Concor
Bisoprolol Fumarate 5 mg Tablet
Concor
Treatment of stable moderate to severe congestive cardiac failure in addition to ACEI's and diuretics
1.25 mg once daily to 5 - 10 mg daily
Bleomycin HCl 15 mg Injection
Bleocin
15 - 60 mg weekly in divided doses or 10 - 20 mg/m2 Squamous cell carcinoma, germ cell tumours, once or twice weekly or 10 mg/m2 slow bolus in 15 lymphomas. Routes: SC, IM, IV (either as bolus or as minutes D1 and D15. Max: 400 mg. CHILD: 10 - 15 infusion over 24 hours), intra-arterial, intra-pleural mg/m2 over 6 hours every 3 - 4 weeks
Erythema, hyperpigmentation of skin, nail changes, mucositis, chills, fever, pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, hyperpyrexia, hyperkeratosis, striae, stomatitis
Hypersensitivity to bleomycin, severe pulmonary disease, pregnancy, lactation
Phenothiazines, cisplatinum, radiotherapy, zidovudine
Boric Acid with Spirit 2% w/v Ear Drops
Perforated eardrum
3 drops instilled into affected ear 3 - 4 times daily
Poisoning if absorbed too much, headache, dermatitis
Not known
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Bortezomib 3.5 mg Injection
Velcade
Treatment of multiple myeloma in patient who have received at least one prior therapy
Asthenic conditions, pyrexia, gastrointestinal Concomitant use of antihypertensive medications, disturbances, anorexia, dehydration, peripheral 1.3 mg/ m2/dose given as IV bolus injection twice dehydration, heart disease, hepatic impairment, neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, weekly for two weeks (days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed renal impairment, high tumor burden prior to anaemia, hypotension, cardiac disorders, bone Hypersensitivity to bortezomib, boron or by a 10- day rest period (days 12-21). At least 3 days treatment, myelosuppression, peripheral and body pain, cough, dyspnoea, rash, mannitol. Child, pregnancy and lactation should elapse between consecutive doses of neuropathy or other neurologic disorders, oedema, hypersensitivity reactions, painful or bortezomib pulmonary disease, acute diffuse infiltrative, history difficult urination, pneumonia, pyrexia, of syncope diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration and nausea Severe cardiovascular disease, liver impairment, renal impairment, depression, Raynauld?s phenomenon, orthostatic hypotension, thromboangiitis obliterans, pregnancy, lactation May produce physical and psychological dependence, amnesia, may increase frequency 3 - 18 mg daily in divided doses. 6 to 30 mg daily and severity of grand mal seizure. Care in organic (single or divided doses) in anxiety-neurosis. Children brain disease, cardiorespiratory insufficiency, not recommended decreased hepatic or renal function. COPD or respiratory failure. Reduce dose in elderly and avoid chronic use Oral dryness, ocular hyperemia, burning and stinging, headache, blurring, foreign body sensation, fatigue, drowsiness, conjunctival follicles, ocular pruritus Hypersensitivity to brimonidine, concomitant MAOI therapy
Cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer or inhibitors, oral antidiabetic agents
Brimonidine Tartrate 0.15% Ophthalmic
Alphagan P
Lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with open1 drop in the affected eye(s) 3 times daily angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Alcohol, sedative, barbiturates, opiates, anaesthesia, tricyclic antidepressant, beta blocker, antihypertensive Theophylline, decreased benzodiazepine effectiveness. Cimetidine may produce bromazepam toxicity (CNS depression). Sedative effects increased by other centrally acting drugs. Enhances CNS depressants effect of alcohol May lead to higher antibiotic concentration in lung tissue. Oral anticoagulants
Bromazepam 3 mg Tablet
Lexotan
Anxiety disorders
Fatigue, muscle weakness, drowsiness, hypotension, nausea and vomiting
Shock, severe psychosis, pregnancy and breastfeeding
Bromhexine HCl 4 mg/2 ml Injection
Bisolvon
Bromhexine HCl 4 mg/5 ml Elixir
Bisolvon
Occasionally gastrointestinal effects, skin rashes very rarely. Gastrointestinal Hypersensitivity to bromhexine disturbances, headache, dizziness, sweating, skin rash, transient rise in serum transaminase Nausea, anorexia, abdominal discomfort and ADULT and CHILD more than 12 years : 10 ml 3 times Secretolytic therapy in acute and chronic pain, headache, allergic reactions. daily, 6 - 12 years : 5 ml 3 times daily, 2 - 6 years : 2.5 bronchopulmonary diseases associated with abnormal Gastrointestinal ulceration, pregnancy and lactation Gastrointestinal disturbance, headache, Hypersensitivity to bromhexine ml 3 times daily, less than 2 years : 1.25 ml 3 times mucous secretion and impaired mucous transport dizziness, sweating, skin rash, transient rise in daily serum transaminase Secretolytic therapy in acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases associated with abnormal 4 mg SC, IM or IV 2 - 3 times daily mucous secretion and impaired mucous transport Gastrointestinal ulceration, pregnancy and lactation Secretolytic therapy in acute and chronic ADULT and CHILD more than 12 years : 8 mg 3 times Gastrointestinal ulceration, pregnancy and bronchopulmonary diseases associated with abnormal daily, 6 - 12 years : 4 mg 3 times daily, 2 - 6 years : 4 Gastrointestinal ulceration, pregnancy and lactation lactation mucous secretion and impaired mucous transport mg 2 times daily Nursing mothers, children under 15 years old, peptic ulcer disease, postpartum, puerperal women with high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, psychic disorders, concomitant use of other ergot alkaloid. Fertility may be restored (contraception needed), malignancy excluded before use for benign breast disease, acromegalic patients with history of peptic ulceration Nursing mothers, children under 15 years old, peptic ulcer disease, postpartum, puerperal women with high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, psychic disorders, concomitant use of other ergot alkaloid. Fertility may be restored (contraception needed), malignancy excluded before use for benign breast disease, acromegalic patients with history of peptic ulceration Nursing mothers, children under 15 years old, peptic ulcer disease, postpartum, puerperal women with high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, psychic disorders, concomitant use of other ergot alkaloid. Fertility may be restored (contraception needed), malignancy excluded before use for benign breast disease, acromegalic patients with history of peptic ulceration Hypersensitivity to bomhexine
May lead to higher antibiotic concentration in lung tissue. Oral anticoagulants
Bromhexine HCl 8 mg Tablet
Bisolvon
May lead to higher antibiotic concentration in lung tissue. Oral anticoagulants Clarithromycin - elevations in serum levels of bromocriptine. Inhibit ciclosporin metabolism. Erythromycin - significantly increase the bioavailability of bromocriptine. Bromocriptine, may decrease the metabolism of sirolimus, tacrolimus . Alcohol reduces tolerance to bromocriptine and vice-versa. Effects of antihypertensives may be potentiated. Avoid concurrent psychotropics Clarithromycin - elevations in serum levels of bromocriptine. Inhibit ciclosporin metabolism. Erythromycin - significantly increase the bioavailability of bromocriptine. Bromocriptine, may decrease the metabolism of sirolimus, tacrolimus . Alcohol reduces tolerance to bromocriptine and vice-versa. Effects of antihypertensives may be potentiated. Avoid concurrent psychotropics Clarithromycin - elevations in serum levels of bromocriptine. Inhibit ciclosporin metabolism. Erythromycin - significantly increase the bioavailability of bromocriptine. Bromocriptine, may decrease the metabolism of sirolimus, tacrolimus . Alcohol reduces tolerance to bromocriptine and vice-versa. Effects of antihypertensives may be potentiated. Avoid concurrent psychotropics Oral or parenteral corticosteroids - effects enhanced by the concomitant use. Amiodarone increased risk of developing Cushing's syndrome. Ketoconazole, erytromycin, ritonavir increased budesonide plasma concentrations Oral or parenteral corticosteroids - effects enhanced by the concomitant use. Amiodarone increased risk of developing Cushing's syndrome. Ketoconazole, erytromycin, ritonavir increased budesonide plasma concentrations
Bromocriptine Mesilate 10 mg Tablet Parlodel
i) Hypogonadism or Galactorrhoea ii) Acromegaly
i) Initially 1 - 1.25 mg at bedtime increased gradually, usual dose: 7.5 mg daily in divided doses. Max 30 mg daily ii) 1.25 - 2.5 mg at bedtime for 3 days and may be increased by 1.25 - 2.5 mg every 3 - 7 days up to 30 mg a day in divided doses
Hypotension, peripheral vasoconstriction, dyskinesias, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, confusion, Hypersensitivity to bromocriptine products, psychomotor excitation, hallucinations, toxaemia of pregnancy, hypertension in dyskinesias, dryness of the mouth, leg cramps, postpartum and during puerperium allergic skin reactions. On prolonged treatment, reversible pallor of fingers and toes Hypotension, peripheral vasoconstriction, dyskinesias, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, confusion, Hypersensitivity to bromocriptine products, psychomotor excitation, hallucinations, toxaemia of pregnancy, hypertension in dyskinesias, dryness of the mouth, leg cramps, postpartum and during puerperium allergic skin reactions. On prolonged treatment, reversible pallor of fingers and toes Hypotension, peripheral vasoconstriction, dyskinesias, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, confusion, Hypersensitivity to bromocriptine products, psychomotor excitation, hallucinations, toxaemia of pregnancy, hypertension in dyskinesias, dryness of the mouth, leg cramps, postpartum and during puerperium allergic skin reactions. On prolonged treatment, reversible pallor of fingers and toes
Bromocriptine Mesilate 2.5 mg Tablet Parlodel
Bromocriptine Mesilate 5 mg Tablet
Parlodel
Budesonide 1 mg/2 ml Nebulising Solution
Pulmicort
Maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy especially if not fully controlled by bronchodilators
Budesonide 100 mcg/dose Inhalation Pulmicort
Mild irritation of the throat, coughing, and generally reversible hoarseness of the voice. Bad taste, dryness of the throat. Candidiasis of the mouth and throat, paradoxical bronchoconstriction, headache, nausea, tiredness, thirst, diarrhoea, skin reaction Mild irritation of the throat, coughing, and Acute exacerbations, accompanied by increased ADULT : 200 - 1600 mcg daily in 2 - 4 divided doses. generally reversible hoarseness of the voice. mucous viscosity and mucous plugging. Caution in Maintenance with twice daily dosing. CHILD more than Bad taste, dryness of the throat. Candidiasis of viral infections such as varicella, in untreated fungal 7 years 200 - 800 mcg, 2 - 7 years 200 - 400 mcg. To the mouth and throat, paradoxical and bacterial infections of the respiratory system. be taken orally in 2 - 4 divided doses bronchoconstriction, headache, nausea, Pregnancy and lactation tiredness, thirst, diarrhoea, skin reaction Acute exacerbations, accompanied by increased ADULT : Initially 1 - 2 mg twice daily. CHILD 3 months - mucous viscosity and mucous plugging. Caution in 12 years of age : 500 mcg - 1 mg. Maintenance dose : viral infections such as varicella, in untreated fungal half of the above doses and bacterial infections of the respiratory system. Pregnancy and lactation
Hypersensitivity to budesonide. Moderate to severe bronchiectasis
Budesonide 160 mcg and Formoterol Symbicort 4.5 mcg Inhalation
Mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma
Not for acute attack. Taper dose when ADULT : 1 - 2 puff twice daily, maximum : 4 puff twice discontinuing treatment. Thyrotoxicosis, diabetes Headache, insomnia, tremor, restlessness, oral Hypersensitivity to budesonide or formoterol or Itraconazole, ketoconazole, MAOI, tricyclic daily. ADOLESCENT (12 - 17 years) : 1 - 2 puff twice mellitus, heart disease, hypokalaemia, severe candidiasis, cough, hoarseness inhaled lactose antidepressan, ritonavir, phenothiazines daily. CHILD less than 6 years are not recommended cardiovascular disorders, hypertropic obstructive cardiomyopathy, tuberculosis, phaeocromocytoma Acute exacerbations, accompanied by increased ADULT : 200 - 1600 mcg daily in 2 - 4 divided doses. mucous viscosity and mucous plugging. Caution in Maintenance with twice daily dosing. CHILD more than viral infections such as varicella, in untreated fungal 7 years 200 - 800 mcg, 2 - 7 years 200 - 400 mcg. To and bacterial infections of the respiratory system. be taken orally in 2 - 4 divided doses Pregnancy and lactation Mild irritation of the throat, coughing, and generally reversible hoarseness of the voice. Bad taste, dryness of the throat. Candidiasis of Hypersensitivity to budesonide. Moderate to severe bronchiectasis the mouth and throat, paradoxical bronchoconstriction, headache, nausea, tiredness, thirst, diarrhoea, skin reaction Oral or parenteral corticosteroids - effects enhanced by the concomitant use. Amiodarone increased risk of developing Cushing's syndrome. Ketoconazole, erytromycin, ritonavir increased budesonide plasma concentrations
Budesonide 200 mcg/dose Inhalation Pulmicort
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Oral or parenteral corticosteroids - effects enhanced by the concomitant use. Amiodarone increased risk of developing Cushing's syndrome. Ketoconazole, erytromycin, ritonavir increased budesonide plasma concentrations Erythromycin, clarithromycin, lansoprazole, amoxicillin, fluvoxamine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, protease inhibitors, voriconazole, cimetidine Amikacin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, digitoxin, digoxin, gentamicin, kanamycin, lithium, neomycin, netilmicin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, streptomycin, tobramycin Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: postural hypotension (first dose). Digoxin: digoxin toxicity (nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias). Gentamicin: ototoxicity. Kanamycin: increased risk of ototoxicity (tinnitus).
Budesonide 500 mcg/2 ml Nebulising Pulmicort Solution
Acute exacerbations, accompanied by increased ADULT : Initially 1 - 2 mg twice daily. CHILD 3 months - mucous viscosity and mucous plugging. Caution in 12 years of age : 500 mcg - 1 mg. Maintenance dose : viral infections such as varicella, in untreated fungal half of the above doses and bacterial infections of the respiratory system. Pregnancy and lactation ADULT and CHILD 6 years and older. Rhinitis : 2 spray into each nostril once daily in the morning or 1 spray into each nostril twice daily. Nasal polyps : 2 spray twice daily
Budesonide 64mcg Nasal Spray
Rhinocort Aqua
Seasonal allergic, perennial rhinitis and nasal polyposis
Bumetanide 0.5 mg/ml Injection
Burinex
Oedema used in furosemide allergic patient
IV injection: 1 - 2 mg repeated after 20 mins. IV infusion: 2 - 5 mg over 30 - 60 mins
Bumetanide 1 mg Tablet
Burinex
Oedema used in furosemide allergic patient
1 mg in the morning, repeat after 6 - 8 hours if necessary. Up to 5 mg daily in severe cases
Bupivacaine 0.125% Epidural Injection
Marcaine Epidural
Epidural analgesia for postoperative pain relief.
Infuse at 6 - 15 ml/hour. Not to exceed 2 mg/kg in a single dose.
Mild irritation of the throat, coughing, and generally reversible hoarseness of the voice. Bad taste, dryness of the throat. Candidiasis of the mouth and throat, paradoxical bronchoconstriction, headache, nausea, tiredness, thirst, diarrhoea, skin reaction Nasal irritation, nose bleeding, dryness of Severe fungal and viral nasal infections, chronic throat, epistaxis, pharyngitis, cough, nasal use, liver cirrhosis, reduce liver function, pulmonary irritation, bronchospasm, cataract, cushing's tuberculosis, glaucoma, adrenal suppression syndrome, glaucoma, secondary hypocortisolism Alterations in glucose metabolism, blood dyscrasias (thrombocytopenia), hepatic disease, Hypokalaemia, hyperuricaemia, muscle cramps, hyperuricaemia, hypokalaemia, hypovolaemia, arthralgias ototoxicity particularly potentiation of aminoglycoside ototoxicity, coadministration not recommended Alterations in glucose metabolism, blood dyscrasias (thrombocytopenia), hepatic disease, Hypokalaemia, hyperuricaemia, muscle cramps, hyperuricaemia, hypokalaemia, hypovolaemia, arthralgias ototoxicity particularly potentiation of aminoglycoside ototoxicity, coadministration not recommended Light headedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred vision, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, sensations of heat, cold or numbness, urinary retention, paraesthesia circumoral, hyperacusis, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness, resp depression and/or Neurological disorder, serious CNS or spinal cord arrest, agitation, numbness of tongue, difficulty diseases, hypoxaemia, acidosis, hyperkalaemia, in swallowing & slurred speech. Cardiovascular: predisposition to malignant hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension. Haemodynamic: pregnancy. Resuscitative equipment & drugs maternal hypotension. Neurologic: spinal block should be immediately available. Elderly, young or of varying magnitude (including total spinal debilitated patients, advanced liver disease, severe block), hypotension secondary to spinal block, renal impairment, children less than 12 year. loss of bladder & bowel control & loss of Epilepsy, impaired cardiac conduction, bradycardia, perineal sensation & sexual function. Persistent severe shock or digitalis intoxication, impaired motor, sensory and/or autonomic (sphincter cardiovascular function, Stokes-Adams syndrome, control) deficit of some lower spinal segments Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Preexisting with slow recovery (several month) or neurological or neuromuscular disease, incomplete recovery in rare instances when hyperthyroidism. May temporarily impair locomotion caudal/lumbar epidural block has been or coordination attempted. Backache & headache. Neuropathy, peripheral nerve injury & arachnoiditis. Inadvertent subarachnoid inj may lead to Central nervous system depression, resp arrest & cardivascular collapse. Allergic: cutaneous lesions, urticaria, oedema or anaphylactoid reactions. Neurological disorder, severe bradycardia, cardiac conduction abnormalities, hypoxaemia, acidosis, hyperkalaemia, predisposition to malignant hypothermia, pregnancy. Resuscitative equipment Confusion, nervousness, dizziness, tinnitus, & drugs should be immediately available. respiratory depression and convulsion, Hypovolaemia due to haemorrhage or dehydration, hypotension and bradycardia, hypersensitivity aortocaval occlusion, coronary or cerebrovascular disease. Chronic neurological disorders. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery
Severe nasal infection, recurrent nasal bleeding, hypersensitivity to budesonide products, status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma Hypersensitivity to bumetanide products, anuria, severe electrolyte imbalance, hepatic coma
Hypersensitivity to bumetanide products, anuria, severe electrolyte imbalance, hepatic coma
Hypovolaemia, complete heart block, intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier's block). Allergy or hypersensitivity to amide type local Hyaluronidase, propofol, rapacuronium. May anesth. Epidural or spinal anesth in patients potentiate class III antiarrhythmics (eg with uncorrected hypotension. Infection and/or mexiletine & lignocaine), verapamil septicaemia. Obstetric paracervical block, IV regional anesth (Bier's block)
Bupivacaine 0.5 % Heavy Injection
Marcaine Spinal Heavy
Used for spinal anaesthesia
ADULT: 2 - 4 ml. Not to exceed 2 mg/kg in a single dose
Hypovolaemia, complete heart block, intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier's block). Acute active disease of the CNS eg meningitis, tumours, poliomyelitis & cranial haemorrhage, active TB or metastatic lesions in the vertebral Hyaluronidase, propofol, rapacuronium, column. Septicaemia. Pernicious anaemia with verapamil, antiarrhythmias. subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Pyrogenic infection of the skin at or adjacent to the site of puncture. Cardiogenic or hypovolaemic shock. Coagulation disorders or ongoing anticoagulant treatment Hypovolaemia, complete heart block, intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier's block). Acute active disease of the CNS eg meningitis, tumours, poliomyelitis & cranial haemorrhage, active TB or metastatic lesions in the vertebral Hyaluronidase, propofol, rapacuronium, column. Septicaemia. Pernicious anaemia with verapamil, antiarrhythmias subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Pyrogenic infection of the skin at or adjacent to the site of puncture. Cardiogenic or hypovolaemic shock. Coagulation disorders or ongoing anticoagulant treatment
Bupivacaine 0.5 % Injection
Marcaine
For peripheral sympathetic nerve and epidural (excluding caudal) anaesthesia and obstetrics anaesthesia
Regional nerve block or epidural block: 15 - 30 ml. Nerve block of finger or toe: 2 - 6 ml. Maximum: 2 mg/kg body weight in any 4 hours period, equivalent to 25 - 30 ml in adults of average weight
Neurological disorder, severe bradycardia, cardiac conduction abnormalities, hypoxaemia, acidosis, hyperkalaemia, predisposition to malignant hypothermia, pregnancy
Confusion, nervousness, dizziness, tinnitus, respiratory depression and convulsion, hypotension and bradycardia, hypersensitivity, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest; methemoglobinaemia; seizures, restlessness. Prolonged block
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Bupivacaine 0.5 % with Adrenaline 1:200,000 Injection
MarcaineAdrenaline
Regional nerve block or epidural block.
Preexisting neurological or neuromuscular disease eg myasthenia gravis; CNS or spinal cord disease eg meningitis, spinal fluid block, cranial or spinal haemorrhage, tumours, poliomyelitis, syphilis, TB or metastatic lesions of the spinal cord, severe hepatic disease, severe renal dysfunction, hyperthyroidism, epilepsy, severe bradycardia, severe cardiac conduction abnormalities, severe shock or digitalis intoxication, Stokes-Adams or Wolff-ParkinsonWhite syndrome, hypoxaemia, acidosis, hyperkalaemia, predisposition to malignant hypothermia, fetal bradycardia/tachycardia frequently follows paracervical block with some amide type local anesth & may be associated with 10 - 40 ml (0.25 %) or maximum : 2 mg/kg body weight fetal acidosis & hypoxia. Added risk in prematurity, in any 4 hours period, equivalent to 25 - 30 ml of 0.5% toxaemia of pregnancy & fetal distress. Monitor solution fetal heart rate. Pregnancy. Allergic type reactions including anaphylactic type symptoms & lifethreatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. Extreme caution in patients with severe or untreated hypertension, poorly controlled thyrotoxicosis, ischaemic heart disease, heart block, cerebrovascular insufficiency, advanced diabetes & any other pathological condition that might be aggravated by effects of adrenaline. Adrenaline may induce anginal pain in patients suffering from ischaemic heart disease. Ventricular fibrillation, prefibrillatory rhythm, tachycardia, myocardial infarction, phenothiazineinduced circulatory collapse & prostatic hypertrophy
Light headedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred vision, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, sensations of heat, cold or numbness, urinary retention, paraesthesia circumoral, hyperacusis, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness, resp depression &/or arrest, agitation, numbness of the tongue, difficulty in swallowing & slurred speech. CV: bradycardia, hypotension: Haemodynamic: maternal hypotension. Neurologic: spinal block of varying magnitude (including total spinal block), hypotension secondary to spinal motor, sensory &/or autonomic (sphincter control) deficit of some lower spinal segment w/ slow recovery (several mth) or incomplete recovery in rare instances when caudal or lumbar epidural block has been attempted. Backache & headache. Neuropathy, peripheral nerve injury & arachnoiditis. Inadvertent subarachnoid inj may lead to CNS depression, resp arrest & CV collapse. Allergic: cutaneous lesions, urticaria, oedema or anaphylactoid reactions
Allergy or hypersensitivity to amide type local anesth. Epidural or spinal anesth in patients with uncorrected hypotension. Infection and/or septicaemia. Obstetric paracervical block, IV regional anesth (Bier's block). Thyrotoxicosis; regions with compromised blood supply, extremities. severe hemorrhage, severe hypotension or shock and arrhythmias, such as complete heart block, which severely restrict cardiac output (spinal anesthesia)
May potentiate the cardiac effects of antiarrhythmics (eg mexiletine & lignocaine). CNS acting drugs: tricyclic antidepressants or MAOIs, phenothiazines & butyrophenones. Oxytocic drugs of the ergot type. Adrenergic neuron blocking agents eg guanethidine, debrisoquine, bethanidine. -blocker eg propranolol. Inhalation anesth eg chloroform, halothane, cyclopropane, trichloroethylene or other halogenated cmpds. Cardiac glycosides, quinidine, hypoglycaemics
Busulphan 2 mg Tablet
Myleran
i) ADULT: Initial: 2 - 4 mg daily. Maintenance: 0.5 - 2 mg daily. Stop when white blood cell less than 20 x i) Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and other 109/L. CHILD: 60 mcg/kg body weight daily ii) CHILD: Monitor blood counts during therapy. Caution in myeloproliferative diseases ii) Haemopoietic stem cell Induction 60 mcg/kg body weight daily (maximum 4 patients given radiotherapy or cytotoxic drug transplant (HSCT)- refer to specific protocols mg) if leucocytes more than 20,000/mm3 and platelets therapy recently more than 100,000/mm3. Maintenance 10 - 30mcg/kg (maximum 2 mg daily) Eclampsia, pre-eclampsia or pregnancy induced i) Hyperprolactinaemia: 0.25 mg 1-2 times per week ii) hypertension. Do not administer dopamine D2 HIV mothers only: Prevent lactation 2 tab first day receptor antagonists concurrently. High initial doses after delivery. Interruption of lactation: 0.25 mg 12 (1mg), especially with concurrent antihypertensive hourly for 2 days regimens, liver disease Apply to the affected area as required Apply to the skin as required and allow to dry, 1-3 times daily Apply to the skin as required and allow to dry, 1 - 3 times daily Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes. Do not use on children under 2 years without consulting a physician Aviod contact with eyes and other mucous membranes. Do not use on children under 2 years without consulting a physician. Should not be applied to large areas of skin or large wounds Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes. Do not use on children under 2 years without consulting a physician Should not be used on the face since the formulation may give rise to irritation of the facial skin. Careful handwashing after use is recommended Should not be used on the face since the ointment formulation may give rise to irritation of the facial skin. Careful handwashing after use is recommended Should not be used on the face since the formulation may give rise to irritation of the facial skin. Careful handwashing after use is recommended
Myelosuppression, cataracts, hyperpigmentation, diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, gastrointestinal disturbances, venoHypersensitivity to busulphan. Pregnancy and occlusive disease, gynaecomastia, convulsions, lactation impaired fertility and gonadal function, endocardial fibrosis, adrenal suppression, secondary malignancy Orthostatic hypotension, valvular regurgitation, abdominal pain, vertigo, pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis, constipation, nausea, dizziness, headache, somnolence, depression, fatigue, sleeplessness, dyspepsia, gastritis, weakness, fatigue, constipation, vomiting, breast pain, hot flushes, depression, tingling Rash or irritation Rash or irritation Rash or irritation Hypersensitivity to cabergoline or potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 (includes protease inhibitors, azole antifungals and some macrolide antibiotics), uncontrolled hypertension Not known Not known. Not known
Itraconazole, paracetamol, live vaccines
Cabergoline 0.5 mg Tablet
Dostinex
i) Treatment of hyperprolactinaemic disorders ii) Prevention of puerperal lactation and suppression of lactation in HIV infected mothers only
Activity and tolerability may be affected by antiemetics, antihypertensives, psychotropics and macrolide antibiotics
Calamine Cream Calamine Lotion Calamine with 0.25 - 0.5% Menthol Lotion
Prickly heat or insect bites Prickly heat or insect bites Prickly heat or insect bites
Not known Not known Not known
Calamine with 0.5% Phenol Cream Calamine with 2 - 6% Precipitated Sulphur Lotion
For use as a mild astringent
Apply to the affected area as required Apply to the skin as required and allow to dry, 1 - 3 times daily Apply to the affected skin lesions twice daily. Maintenance therapy may be achieved with less frequent application. The weekly dose should not exceed 100 g. Apply to the affected skin lesions twice daily. Maintenance therapy may be achieved with less frequent application. The weekly dose should not exceed 100 g Apply to the affected skin lesions twice daily. Weekly maintenance therapy may be achieved with less frequent application. The weekly dose should not exceed 100 g
Rash or irritation
Pregnancy, paediatrics and geriatrics
Not known
Acne vulgaris
Rash or irritation
Not known
Not known
Calcipotriol 50 mcg/g Cream
Daivonex
Only for the treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris
Transient local irritation and very rarely, facial dermatitis may occur, hypercalcaemia Transient local irritation and very rarely, facial dermatitis may occur, hypercalcaemia Transient local irritation and very rarely, facial dermatitis may occur and hypercalcaemia
Hypersensitivity to any constituents of the calcipotriol. Disorders of calcium metabolism Hypersensitivity to any constituents of the calcipotriol. Disorders of calcium metabolism Hypersensitivity to any constituents of the calcipotriol. Disorders of calcium metabolism Disorders of calcium metabolism, viral, fungal or bacterial skin infections, parasitic infections, skin manifestations in relation to tuberculosis or syphilis, rosacea, acne rosacea, perioral dermatitis, acne vulgaris, skin atrophy, striae atrophicae, fragility of skin
Not known
Calcipotriol 50 mcg/g Ointment
Daivonex
Not known
Calcipotriol 50 mcg/ml Scalp Solution Diavonex
Not known Alatrofloxacin, alcuronium, Amphotericin B Liposome, Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed, Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed, Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin Vaccine Live, Carbamazepine, Ciprofloxacin, Diphtheria Toxoid, Adsorbed, Ethinyl Estradiol, Etonogestrel
Calcipotriol Hydrate 50 mcg/g & Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.5 mg/g Ointment
Daivobet
Resistant plaque psoriasis
Apply once daily up to 4 weeks with maximum weekly Avoid contact with face and eyes. Avoid application Pruritus, rash, local transient irritation, dose of 100g and maximum treatment area 30% of on large areas of damaged skin, under occlusive dermatitis, erythema, aggravation of psoriasis, body surface dressings or in skin folds. Pregnancy and lactation photosensitivity and hypersensitivity reactions
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Ketoprofen inhibit the calciuric and uricosuric effects of calcitonin. Calcitonin cause a significant decrease in the mean values of lithium plasma levels Ketoprofen inhibit the calciuric and uricosuric effects of calcitonin. Calcitonin cause a significant decrease in the mean values of lithium plasma levels Ketoprofen inhibit the calciuric and uricosuric effects of calcitonin. Calcitonin cause a significant decrease in the mean values of lithium plasma levels
Calcitonin (synthetic Salmon) 100 IU Miacalcic Injection
Acute hypercalcaemia
Calcitonin (Synthetic Salmon) 200 IU Miacalcic Nasal Spray
Osteoporosis
Calcitonin (Synthetic Salmon) 50 IU Injection
Miacalcic
Acute hypercalcaemia
5 - 10 IU/kg/day SC/IM (in 1 - 2 divided doses) to 400 units every 6 - 8 hours adjusted according to clinical Nausea, vomiting, flushing, chills, dizziness, Pregnancy, lactation, caution when driving vehicles and biochemical response (no additional benefit with polyuria. Rarely, local hypersensitivity reactions, Hypersensitivity to calcitonin or operating machinery over 8 units/kg every 6 hours. 5 - 10 units/kg slow IV anaphylactoid-like reactions over at least 6 hours Rhinitis, ulcerative rhinitis, sinusitis, epitaxis, Pregnancy, lactation, caution when driving vehicles flushing, dizziness, headache, gastrointestinal or operating machine. Should not be given to disturbances, musculoskeletal pain, pharyngitis, 200 units daily Hypersensitivity to calcitonin children more than a few weeks. Possibility of fatigue, dysgeusia. Rarely, hypertension, systemic allergic reaction exists vomiting, arthralgia, cough, oedema, flu-like symptoms, abnormal vision 5 - 10 IU/kg/day SC/IM (in 1 - 2 divided doses) to 400 units every 6 - 8 hours adjusted according to clinical Nausea, vomiting, flushing, chills, dizziness, Pregnancy, lactation, caution when driving vehicles and biochemical response (no additional benefit with polyuria. Rarely, local hypersensitivity reactions, Hypersensitivity to calcitonin or operating machinery over 8 units/kg every 6 hours. 5 - 10 units/kg slow IV anaphylactoid-like reactions over at least 6 hours i) 0.25 mcg 2 times daily ii) Initial dose 0.25 mcg. In patients with normal or only slightly reduced serum calcium levels, doses of 0.25 mcg every other day is sufficient iii) 0.25 mcg/day given in the morning iv) ADULT and CHILD 3 years and older : Initially 0.25 mcg/ml. CHILD less than 3 years : 10 to 15 ng/kg/day Initially dose, depending on severity, 1 mcg (0.02 mg/kg) to 2 mcg 3 times weekly, approximately every other day Monitor serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase, urinary calcium and phosphorus. Patients on digitalis. Pregnancy and lactation. Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage titration Monitor serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase, urinary calcium and phosphorus. Patients on digitalis. Pregnancy and lactation.Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage titration Monitor serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase, urinary calcium and phosphorus. Patients on digitalis. Pregnancy and lactation.Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage titration Hypercalcaemia, nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, headache, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation, muscle pain, bone pain, metallic taste Hypercalcaemia, vitamin D toxicity, abnormal sensitivity to the effects of vitamin D, malabsorption syndrome
Calcitriol 0.25 mcg Capsule
Rocaltrol
Treatment of: i) Postmenopausal osteoporosis ii) Renal osteodystrophy in patients on haemodialysis iii) Hypoparathyroidism and rickets iv) Secondary hyperparathyroidism in renal failure
Cytochrome P450 effect. Cholestyramine, thiazides diuretics, corticosteroids, magnesiumcontaining antacids, digitalis
Calcitriol 1 mcg/ml Injection
Calcijex
Management of hypocalcaemia and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients undergoing chronic renal dialysis
Hypercalcaemia, nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, headache, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation, muscle pain, bone pain, metallic taste Hypercalcaemia, nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, headache, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation, muscle pain, bone pain, metallic taste
Hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, vitamin D toxicity and hypersensitivity to calcitriol products
Cytochrome P450 effect. Cholestyramine, thiazides diuretics, corticosteroids, magnesiumcontaining antacids, digitalis
Calcitriol 2 mcg/ml Injection
Calcijex
Management of hypocalcaemia and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients undergoing chronic renal dialysis
Initially dose, depending on severity, 1 mg (0.02 mg/kg) to 2 mg 3 times weekly, approximately every other day
Hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, vitamin D toxicity and hypersensitivity to calcitriol products
Cytochrome P450 effect. Cholestyramine, thiazides diuretics, corticosteroids, magnesiumcontaining antacids, digitalis Co-administration with thiazide diuretics or vitamin D may lead to milk-alkali syndrome and hypercalcaemia. Decreased absorption with corticosteroids. Decreases absorption of tetracyclines, atenolol, iron, quinolones, alendronate, natrium fluoride, zinc and calciumchannel blockers. Enhances cardiac effects of digitalis glycosides and may precipitate digitalis intoxication Co-administration with thiazide diuretics or vitamin D may lead to milk-alkali syndrome and hypercalcaemia. Decreased absorption with corticosteroids. Decreases absorption of tetracyclines, atenolol, iron, quinolones, alendronate, natrium fluoride, zinc and calciumchannel blockers. Enhances cardiac effects of digitalis glycosides and may precipitate digitalis intoxication
Calcium Carbonate 500 mg Capsule -
To be used only for elemental calcium supplementation and phosphate binding activity in patients with chronic renal failure
Initial 2.5 g daily and increased up to 17 g daily
Gastrointestinal irritation, constipation, Renal impairment, hypercalcaemia-associated flatulence, gastric hypersecretion and acid disease eg, other malignancies, sarcoidosis, elderly rebound, hypercalcaemia, alkalosis and renal dysfunction
Patients with calcium renal calculi or history of renal calculi, hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia
Calcium Carbonate 500 mg Tablet
To be used only for elemental calcium supplementation and phosphate binding activity in patients with chronic renal failure
Initial 2.5 g daily and increased up to 17 g daily
Gastrointestinal irritation, constipation, Renal impairment, hypercalcaemia-associated flatulence, gastric hypersecretion and acid disease eg, other malignancies, sarcoidosis, elderly rebound, hypercalcaemia, alkalosis and renal dysfunction
Patients with calcium renal calculi or history of renal calculi, hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia
Calcium Disodium Edetate 200 mg Injection
Ca Disod. Versenate
Lead Poisoning
60 - 70 mg/kg body weight daily given IV infusion in 2 daily doses for up to 5 days; repeated if necessary after an interval of 2 days. Any further treatment with calcium edetate should not be recommended for 7 days i) 1-2 g (2.25-4.5 mmol). CHILD 50 mg/kg ii) ADULT 1g (2.2 mmol) by slow IV injection followed by continuous infusion of 4 g (8.8 mmol) daily iii) IV or intracardiac injection, 10 ml
Renal impairment, haematuria, proteinuria, cerebral oedema. Capable of producing toxic effects which can be fatal, patients with lead encephalopathy, administer only after adequate urine flow is established, children must be given adequate oral fluids during outpatient therapy
Nephrotoxicity, malaise, chills, thirst, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, injection Hypersensitivity to edetate products, anuria or site pain, myalgia, headache, hypotension active renal disease, hepatitis (frequent), thrombophlebitis (frequent), immune hypersensitivity reaction Hypercalcaemia, hypercalciurea, severe renal failure, patients treated with digitalis
Not known
Calcium Gluconate 10% Injection
i) Acute hypocalcaemia ii) Hypocalcaemic tetany iii) Cardiac resuscitation
Extravasation during IV injection. Renal impairment, Sloughing or necrosis of the skin, soft tissue cardiac disease or sarcoidosis calcification. Hypercalcaemia (excessive use) Calcium enhances the effect of cardiac glycosides on the heart and may precipitate arrhythmias. In large doses, monitor serum calcium concentration and kidney function weekly, renal impairment, history of renal stones
Increased inotropic and toxic effects when used with cardiac glycosides. Complex formation with tetracyclines
Calcium Lactate 300 mg Tablet
Calcium Polystyrene Sulphonate Powder
Kalimate
Capecitabine 500 mg Tablet
Xeloda
Allopurinol, aspirin, chlorothiazide, ciprofloxacin, digoxin, doxycycline, Ventricular fibrillation during cardiac hydrochlorothiazide, itraconazole, For prophylaxis of calcium deficiency and treatment of Mild gastrointestinal disturbances, bradycardia, ADULT 1-5 g daily in divided doses resuscitation, hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria, ketoconazole, levothyroxine, metolazone, chronic hypocalcaemia arrhythmias severe renal failure minocycline, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, oxytetracycline, pefloxacin, tetracycline, ticlopidine, verapamil, zalcitabine Digitalis preparation, antacid and laxatives Patients should be monitored for electrolytes Bronchopneumonia associated with inhalation Should be avoided in patients with conditions containing aluminium, magnesium or calcium, 15 - 30g daily in 2-3 divided doses. Each dose should disturbances, especially hypokalaemia and of calcium polystyrene sulphonate. Anorexia, such as hyperparathyroidism, multiple dried aluminium hydroxide gel, magnesium Hyperkalemia resulting from acute or chronic renal be suspended in 30 - 50ml of water and administered hypercalcaemia. May cause perforation in intestine, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, colon myeloma, sarcoidosis, or metastatic carcinoma hydroxide, precipitate calcium carbonate. failure orally necrosis in mucous membrane of intestine, large perforation, hypopotassaemia, calcium who may present with renal failure together with Calcium ions are released from the resin in the intestine ulcer, colon necrosis overloading and hypercalcaemia hypercalcaemia gastrointestinal tract and this may reduce the absorption of tetracycline given by mouth i)Metastatic breast cancer in elderly and poor Myelosuppression, oedema, fatigue, fever, performance status patients and refractory to taxanes i) & ii) 1250 mg/m2 twice daily (morning and evening) Patient with bone marrow suppression, poor abdominal pain, palmar-plantar Hypersensitivity to capecitabine, fluorouracil or for 2 weeks, every 21 days iii) Recommended for a ii) Metastatic colon cancer, first line in elderly and nutritional status, elderly patients (more than 80 erythrodysesthesia, dermatitis, nausea and any component of formulation, severe renal Warfarin total of 24 weeks (8 cycles of 2 weeks of drug poor performance status patients iii) Colon cancer, years), hepatic or renal dysfunction vomiting, stomatitis, anorexia, diarrhoea, impairment, pregnancy, lactation administration and 1 week rest period adjuvant therapy for stage III (Duke's Stage C) constipation, paraesthesia following surgery
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
i) Initially 12.5 mg twice daily. Maintenance: 50 mg 2 3 times daily, may be increased to maximum 450 mg/day ii) Initially 6.25 - 12.5 mg 3 times daily, increase after several days to 25 - 50 mg 3 times daily iii) Initially 6.25 mg daily, gradually increased to 37.5 mg daily in divided doses iv) 75 - 100 mg daily in divided doses
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Angioedema induced by other angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors during prior exposure. Anuric renal failure during prior exposure to ACE inhibitors. Hypersensitivity to this or any other ACE inhibitor. Pregnancy (second and third trimester pregnancy) Contraindicated in conditions where pupillary constriction is undesirable such as acute iritis, anterior uveitis and some forms of secondary glaucoma. Acute inflammatory disease of the anterior segment
Interactions
May increase serum K with Kalium K-sparing diuretics. Hypotensive effects enhanced by diuretics. Antihypertensive effect diminished by indomethacin, salicylates, NSAIDs
Captopril 25 mg Tablet
Capoten
i) Hypertension ii) Congestive heart failure iii) Postmyocardial infarction iv) Diabetic nephropathy
Anaphylaxis during lipid apheresis with dextran sulfate membranes and during hymenoptera Rash, pruritus, flushing, angioedema, loss of desensitization, angioedema; discontinue if taste perception, stomatitis, gastrointestinal laryngeal stridor or angioedema of the face, tongue, irritation and abdominal pain, leucopenia, cough or glottis is observed, aortic stenosis, breast feeding period, cough, impaired renal function Retinal disease; conjunctival or corneal damage. Intraocular pressure and visual fields should be monitored in those with simple chronic glaucoma and those receiving long-term treatment with a miotic. Caution in cardiac disease, hypertension, asthma, peptic ulceration, urinary-tract obstruction and parkinson's disease Ciliary spasm leads to headache and browache which may be more severe in the initial 2 - 4 weeks of treatment. Ocular side effects include burning, itching, smarting, blurred vision, conjunctival vascular congestion, myopia, lens changes with chronic use, vitreous haemorrhage, and pupillary block
Carbachol 0.01% Intraocular Solution Miostat
For intraocular use for miosis during surgery
Instill no more than 1/2 ml gently into the anterior chamber
Not known
Carbamazepine 100 mg/5 ml (2% w/v) Syrup
Tegretol
Epilepsy
ADULT: Initially, 100-200 mg once or twice daily gradually increased by increments of 100-200 mg every 2 week. Maintenance: 0.8-1.2 g daily in divided doses. CHILD: 10-15 years: 0.6-1 g daily; 5-10 years: 400-600 mg daily; 1-5 years: 200-400 mg daily; less than or equal to 1 year: 100-200 mg daily. Alternatively, 10-20 mg/kg body weight daily in divided doses. Max: Adult: 1.6 g daily
Rash, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, Breast feeding, pregnancy, liver or kidney confusion, agitation, visual disturbance, dysfunction, increased intraocular pressure, history constipation or diarrhoea, anorexia, leukopenia, of cardiac damage, elderly patients, glaucoma, may blood disorders, Syndrome of inappropriate Hypersensitivity to carbamazepine products or exacerbate certain types of idiopathic epilepsy. ADH (SIADH), cardiac conduction tricyclic compounds, bone marrow suppression, Avoid abrupt discontinuation. Neonatal withdrawal abnormalities, gynaecomastia. Allergic skin porphyria. Concomitant MAOIs, pregnancy syndrome. Potential for an increase in risk of reactions, leukopenia, vomiting, accommodation suicidal thoughts or behaviours disorders, diplopia, raised liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia and hyponatraemia, exfoliative dermatitis Rash, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, confusion, agitation, visual disturbance, constipation or diarrhoea, anorexia, leukopenia, blood disorders, Syndrome of Inappropriate Hypersensitivity to carbamazepine products or ADH (SIADH), cardiac conduction tricyclic compounds, bone marrow suppression, abnormalities, gynaecomastia. Allergic skin porphyria. Concomitant MAOIs, pregnancy reactions, leukopenia, vomiting, accommodation disorders, diplopia, raised liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia and hyponatraemia, exfoliative dermatitis Rash, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, confusion, agitation, visual disturbance, constipation or diarrhoea, anorexia, leukopenia, blood disorders, Syndrome of Inappropriate Hypersensitivity to carbamazepine products or ADH (SIADH), cardiac conduction tricyclic compounds, bone marrow suppression, abnormalities, gynaecomastia. Allergic skin porphyria. Concomitant MAOIs, pregnancy reactions, leukopenia, vomiting, accommodation disorders, diplopia, raised liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia and hyponatraemia, exfoliative dermatitis Rash, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, confusion, agitation, visual disturbance, constipation or diarrhoea, anorexia, leukopenia, blood disorders, Syndrome of Inappropriate Hypersensitivity to carbamazepine products or ADH (SIADH), cardiac conduction tricyclic compounds, bone marrow suppression, abnormalities, gynaecomastia. Allergic skin porphyria. Concomitant MAOIs, pregnancy reactions, leukopenia, vomiting, accommodation disorders, diplopia, raised liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia and hyponatraemia, exfoliative dermatitis
Plasma level is increased by erythromycin, diltiazem, isoniazid, verapamil, fluoxetine, cimetidine and decreased by other antiepileptics and theophylline. May reduce alcohol tolerance and antagonise the effects of non-depolarising muscle relaxants. Cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers or inhibitors, oral contraceptive
Carbamazepine 200 mg CR Tablet
Tegretol CR
Epilepsy
Breast feeding, pregnancy, liver or kidney dysfunction, increased intraocular pressure, history of cardiac damage, elderly patients, glaucoma, may ADULT: Initial, 200 mg twice daily for the first week, exacerbate certain types of idiopathic epilepsy. may increase dosage by 200 mg/day at weekly Initial and periodic complete blood counts, liver intervals until optimal response is obtained. Maximum function tests and urinalysis. Monitor plasma levels. 1.6 g/day. CHILD: usual maximum dosage 1000 History haematological reactions. Road/machinery mg/day in children 12-15 years of age, 1200 mg/day in users. Increased intraocular pressure, latent patients above 15 years of age psychosis, confusion, agitation. Mixed seizure disorders. Elderly. Avoid abrupt discontinuation. Neonatal withdrawal syndrome. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours
Carbamazepine 200 mg Tablet
Tegretol
i) Epilepsy ii) Trigeminal neuralgia
i) ADULT: 100 - 200 mg 1 - 3 times daily increased gradually to usual dose of 0.8 - 1.2 g daily in divided doses. CHILD: Up to 1 year: 100 - 200 mg daily; 1 - 5 yrs: 200 - 400 mg daily; 5 - 10 years: 400 - 600 mg daily; 10 - 15 years: 0.6 - 1 g daily ii) ADULT: Initially, 100 mg once or twice daily gradually increased as necessary. Maintenance: 400-800 mg daily in 2-4 divided doses. Max: 1.2 g daily
Breast feeding, pregnancy, liver or kidney dysfunction, increased intraocular pressure, history of cardiac damage, elderly patients, glaucoma, may exacerbate certain types of idiopathic epilepsy. Avoid abrupt discontinuation. Neonatal withdrawal syndrome. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours
Carbamazepine 400 mg CR Tablet
Tegretol CR
Epilepsy
Breast feeding, pregnancy, liver or kidney dysfunction, increased intraocular pressure, history of cardiac damage, elderly patients, glaucoma, may ADULT: Initial, 200 mg twice daily for the first week, exacerbate certain types of idiopathic epilepsy. may increase dosage by 200 mg/day at weekly Initial and periodic complete blood counts, liver intervals until optimal response is obtained. Maximum function tests and urinalysis. Monitor plasma levels. 1.6 g/day. CHILD: usual maximum dosage 1000 History haematological reactions. Road/machinery mg/day in children 12-15 years of age, 1200 mg/day in users. Increased intraocular pressure, latent patients above 15 years of age psychosis, confusion, agitation. Mixed seizure disorders. Elderly. Avoid abrupt discontinuation. Neonatal withdrawal syndrome. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Apply sparingly and rub into affected area 2 - 3 times daily and when required after cleansing skin
Carbamide (Urea) 10 % Cream
Calmurid
Contact irritant dermatitis, infantile eczemas, acute and chronic allergic eczemas, icthyosis, hyperkeratotic
Carbetocin 100 mcg/ ml Injection
Duratocin
Prevention of uterine atony and postpartum Given by IV 100 mcg as a single dose as soon as hemorrhage following elective cesarean section under possible after delivery, preferably before removal of epidural or spinal anaesthesia placenta
Carbimazole 5 mg Tablet
Neo-mercazole
Hyperthyroidism
ADULT: Initially 10 - 60 mg daily in divided doses. Maintenance: 5 - 20 mg daily
Avoid contact with eyes, discontinue use if oral inflammation persists or worsens. Use with caution Skin irritation, rash and ischaemic skin necrosis Hypersensitivity to urea or any component Not known on inflammed skin or exudative lesions: irritation may results Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, pruritus, flushing, feeling of warmth, hypotension, Hyponatraemia, cardiovascular disease (avoid if Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, epilepsy, hepatic Vasoconstrictors in conjunction with caudal headache, tremor, back pain, dizziness, metallic severe), migraine, asthma impairment, renal impairment block anaesthesia, cyclopropane anaesthesia taste, anaemia, sweating, chest pain, dyspnoea, chills, tachycardia, anxiety Concurrent use of digoxin and carbimazole may May be given to pregnant women. Treatment result in decreased peak serum levels of Nausea, mild gastrointestinal disturbance, should be discontinued 3 - 4 weeks before digoxin. Antithyroid drugs, by reducing the Liver disorders, pregnancy, breast feeding rashes, bone marrow supression delivery. Infants should not breast fed by extent of hyperthyroidism, decrease the mothers taking carbimazole metabolism of clotting factors and thus reduce the effects of oral anticoagulants
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
360 - 400 mg/m2 BSA, by IV infusion over 15 mins to 1 hour on Day 1 every 4 weeks. Alternatively, prescription may be based on Area Under Curve (AUC) calculations. CHILD: 500-600 mg/m2 over 1 hour once every 3 weeks. Salvage regimes in lymphomas - refer to specific protocols 360 - 400 mg/m2 BSA, by IV infusion over 15 mins to 1 hour on Day 1 every 4 weeks. Alternatively, prescription may be based on Area Under Curve (AUC) calculations. CHILD: 500-600 mg/m2 over 1 hour once every 3 weeks. Salvage regimes in lymphomas - refer to specific protocols
Precautions
Myelosuppression, renal impairment. Monitor blood counts and renal function. Do not use infusion sets or needles containing aluminium, avoid extravasation Myelosuppression, renal impairment. Monitor blood counts and renal function. Do not use infusion sets or needles containing aluminium, avoid extravasation
Adverse Reaction
Myelosuppression, alopecia, mucositis, electrolyte disturbances, nausea and vomiting, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy Myelosuppression, alopecia, mucositis, electrolyte disturbances, nausea and vomiting, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cisplatin/ platinum products or mannitol, pregnancy, lactation, severe myelosuppression
Interactions
Nephrotoxic and ototoxic drugs, phenytoin. If platinum compound is used with taxane, to be given after taxane. Increased risk of infection by live vaccines, zidovudine Nephrotoxic and ototoxic drugs, phenytoin. If platinum compound is used with taxane, to be given after taxane. Increased risk of infection by live vaccines, zidovudine
Carboplatin 150 mg Injection
Paraplatin
Adult solid tumours, paediatric tumours. Salvage therapy for lymphoma
Carboplatin 450 mg Injection
Paraplatin
Adult solid tumours, paediatric tumours. Salvage therapy for lymphoma
Hypersensitivity to cisplatin/ platinum products or mannitol, pregnancy, lactation, severe myelosuppression
Carboprost Tromethamine 250 mcg Injection
Hemabate
Postpartum haemorrhage refractory to oxytocin
Glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure, asthma or history of asthma. Cephalopevic relationships carefully evaluated prior to use. During use, uterine ADULT: by deep IM injection; 250 mcg, may repeat at activity, foetal status and the progression of 15-90 minute, intervals to a total dose of 2 mg (8 cervical dilation evaluated at frequent intervals. In doses), followed by subsequent doses of 250 mcg at patients with history of hypertonic uterine intervals of 1.5 to 3.5 hours. Dosage may be contractility or tetanic uterine contractions, increased to 500 mcg/dose if contractility is recommended that uterine activity and state of inadequate foetus be monitored throughout labour. Possible uterine rupture where high tone myometrical contractions are sustained Dilute 20 ml to 1 L of Ringer solution (cooled to 2-8 C prior to use). Initial rapid instillation into aortic root at 300 ml/m body surface area/min for 3 minutes. Should myocardial activity persist or recur instill at 300ml/m body surface area/min for 2 minutes
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, paraesthesia, Hypersensitivity to prostagladin, acute pelvic fever or chills, dystonia, breast tenderness, inflammatory disease, cardiac, renal, pulmonary Not known hyperthermia and flushing, bronchospasm, or hepatic disease cardiovascular collapse
Cardioplegia solution containing Potassium Chloride, Magnesium chloride & Procaine HCl Injection
For myocardial preservation(prevent myocardial damage) during cardiac surgery
Myocardial temperature should be monitored during surgery to maintain hypothermia. Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring is essential to detect Myocardial infarction, electrocardiographic changes in myocardial activity during the abnormalities and arrhythmias including procedure. Appropriate equipment to defibrillate the ventricular fibrillation heart following cardioplegia should be readily available. Inotropic support drugs should be available during postoperative recovery
Not for intravenous injection
Incompatible with aminophylline, barbiturates, magnesium sulphate, phenytoin sodium, sodium bicarbonate, amikacin, amphotericin, dobutamine
Carvedilol 25 mg Tablet
Dilatrend
3.125 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, then 6.25 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, then 12.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks then 25 mg twice daily (titrated up to the highest tolerated level)
Hypersensitivity to carvedilol, asthma, Avoid abrupt withdrawal, gradual withdrawal over a bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Dizziness, headache, tiredness, gastrointestinal cardiogenic shock overt cardiac failure, Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, disorders, flu-like symptoms obstructive airway disease, severe chronic diabetes mellitus heart failure and hepatic impairment Hypersensitivity to carvedilol, asthma, Avoid abrupt withdrawal, gradual withdrawal over a bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Dizziness, headache, tiredness, gastrointestinal cardiogenic shock overt cardiac failure, Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, disorders, flu-like symptoms obstructive airway disease, severe chronic diabetes mellitus heart failure and hepatic impairment Concomitant ciclosporine; use only if benefits outweigh risk of possible hepatic toxicity, liver impairment, myelosuppression, pregnancy, lactation, renal insufficiency Concomitant ciclosporine; use only if benefits outweigh risk of possible hepatic toxicity, liver impairment, myelosuppression, pregnancy, lactation, renal insufficiency Penicillin-sensitive patients, history of GI disease, impaired renal function Penicillin-sensitive patients, history of GI disease, impaired renal function Penicillin-sensitive patients, history of GI disease, impaired renal function Fever, nausea, vomiting, flushing, rash, dyspnoea, dystonia, facial swelling, pruritus, increased liver enzymes, complication of infusion, thrombophlebitis, headache Fever, nausea, vomiting, flushing, rash, dyspnoea, dystonia, facial swelling, pruritus, increased liver enzymes, complication of infusion, thrombophlebitis, headache
Carvedilol 6.25 mg Tablet
Dilatrend
3.125 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, then 6.25 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, then 12.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks then 25 mg twice daily (titrated up to the highest tolerated level) Invasive aspergillosis & invasive candidiasis: ADULT: Initially, 70 mg infused over 1 hour followed by subsequent doses of 50 mg/day. Oesophageal candidiasis: ADULT: 50 mg by slow IV infusion over approximately 1 hour Invasive aspergillosis & invasive candidiasis: ADULT: Initially, 70 mg infused over 1 hour followed by subsequent doses of 50 mg/day. Oesophageal candidiasis: ADULT: 50 mg by slow IV infusion over approximately 1 hour
Hypotensive effects potentiated by adrenergic neurone-blocking drugs, catecholamine depletors, central nervous system depressants, diuretics and vasodilators. Action decreased by rifampicin. Concurrent administration with cardiac glycosides may cause a sharp drop in heart rate Hypotensive effects potentiated by adrenergic neurone-blocking drugs, catecholamine depletors, central nervous system depressants, diuretics and vasodilators. Action decreased by rifampicin. Concurrent administration with cardiac glycosides may cause a sharp drop in heart rate Tacrolimus, cyclosporine, inducer of drug clearance (e.g. efavirenz, nevirapine, rifampicin, dexamethasone, phenytoin, carbamazepine) Tacrolimus, cyclosporine, inducer of drug clearance (e.g. efavirenz, nevirapine, rifampicin, dexamethasone, phenytoin, carbamazepine) Probenecid, oral anticoagulants, bacteriostatic antibiotics may reduce cephalosporin effectiveness Probenecid, oral anticoagulants, bacteriostatic antibiotics may reduce cephalosporin effectiveness Probenecid, oral anticoagulants, bacteriostatic antibiotics may reduce cephalosporin effectiveness
Caspofungin Acetate 50 mg Injection Cancidas
Confirmed systemic fungal infection in patients who are refractory or intolerant to other fungal therapies
Hypersensitivity to caspofungin acetate
Caspofungin Acetate 70 mg Injection Cancidas
Confirmed systemic fungal infection in patients who are refractory or intolerant to other fungal therapies
Hypersensitivity to caspofungin acetate
Cefaclor 125 mg/5 ml Suspension
Ceclor, Distaclor
Cefaclor 375 mg MR Tablet
Distaclor
Cefaclor 500 mg Capsule
Ceclor, Distaclor
Infections caused by susceptible organisms including Staphylococcus aureus and H. influenzae, treatment 20 - 40 mg/kg body weight daily in 3 divided doses. of sinusitis and infections involving the respiratory Maximum: 1 g daily tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and urinary tract i) 375 mg twice daily ii) 375 mg or 500 mg twice daily i) Adult pharyngitis, tonsillitis, skin& soft tissue iii) 750mg twice daily iv) 375mg twice daily or 500 mg infections ii) Bronchitis iii) Pneumonia iv) Lower UTI once daily Infections caused by susceptible organisms including ADULT: 250 mg 3 times daily for 10 days. For severe Staphylococcus aureus and H. influenzae, treatment infections, double the dosage. Maximum: 4 g daily. of sinusitis and infections involving the respiratory CHILD: 20 - 40 mg/kg body weight daily in 3 divided tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and doses. Maximum: 1 g daily urinary tract Infection caused by cefazolin-sensitive microorganism, infection of the respiratory tract, urogenital tract, skin and soft tissue, bile duct, bones and joint, endocarditis, systemic septic infection, perioperative/ surgical prophylaxis
Blood disorders, GI disturbances, CNS effects, Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins allergic skin reactions Blood disorders, GI disturbances, CNS effects, Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins allergic skin reactions Blood disorders, GI disturbances, CNS effects, Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins allergic skin reactions Drug induced fever, reddening of skin with heat sensation, angioneurotic edema, itch, Steven Johnson Syndrome, urticaria, eosinophilia, allergic nephritis, GI disturbances, anaphylactic Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins reactions. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and hepatotoxicity GI disturbances (diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting), history of colitis, hypersensitivity, respiratory and CNS disorders including headache, vaginitis
Cefazolin Sodium 1 g Injection
Cefazolin Sandoz
ADULT: Uncomplicated infections: 500 - 1000 mg 2 - 3 times daily. Moderately severe and severe infections: Allergic, diathesis with bronchial asthma or hay 500 - 1000 mg 3 - 4 times daily. Severe lifefever, history of GI disease, renal impairment, threatening infections: 1 - 1.5 g 4 times daily. Rarely, pregnancy and lactation dose up to 12 g daily Hypensensitivity, pseudomembranous colitis& superinfection may occur. Discontinue therapy if allergic reaction occurs. Pregnancy, lactation
Warfarin, probenecid
Cefepime 1 g Injection
Maxipime
Febrile neutropenia, septicaemia, lower respiratory ADULT: 1 - 2 g twice daily for most infections. For tract infection, urinary tract infection, skin and skin severe infections including febrile neutropenia: 2 g 3 structure infections, gynaecologic and intra-abdominal times daily. CHILD: 25 - 50 mg/kg 3 times daily infections
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, penicillins or Typhoid vaccine other beta-lactam antibiotics
Generic Name
Cefepime 500 mg Injection
Trade Name
Maxipime
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Hypensensitivity, pseudomembranous colitis& superinfection may occur. Discontinue therapy if allergic reaction occurs. Pregnancy, lactation Penicillin-sensitive patients, severe biliary obstruction, severe hepatic disease or coexisting renal dysfunction Penicillin-sensitive patients, severe biliary obstruction, severe hepatic disease or coexisting renal dysfunction Hepatic dysfunction& concomitant renal impairment, ingestion of alcoholic beverages; overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms Penicillin-sensitive patients, severe biliary obstruction, severe hepatic disease or coexisting renal dysfunction Hypersensitivity to penicillins, history of gastrointestinal disease especially colitis, pregnancy & lactation Hypersensitivity to penicillins, history of gastrointestinal disease especially colitis, pregnancy & lactation
Adverse Reaction
GI disturbances (diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting), history of colitis, hypersensitivity, respiratory and CNS disorders including headache, vaginitis Hypersensitivity reactions eg. rash, urticaria, fever, neutropenia (reversible), hypothrombinaemia, GI effects & local reactions, vitamin K deficiency Hypersensitivity reactions eg. rash, urticaria, fever, neutropenia (reversible), hypothrombinaemia, GI effects & local reactions, vitamin K deficiency Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, maculopapular rash, urticaria; eosinophilia; drug fever Hypersensitivity reactions eg. rash, urticaria, fever, neutropenia (reversible), hypothrombinaemia, GI effects & local reactions, vitamin K deficiency Rash, pruritus, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, colitis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, leucopenia, hypersensitivity reactions, GI effects, anaphylactic shock(rare) Rash, pruritus, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, colitis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, leucopenia, hypersensitivity reactions, GI effects, anaphylactic shock(rare) GI upsets, CNS effects, phlebitis or thrombophlebitis at the IV injection site, pain and/or inflammation after IM injection, very rarely hypersensitivity reactions. Transient haematologicals changes GI upsets, CNS effects, phlebitis or thrombophlebitis at the IV injection site, pain and/or inflammation after IM injection, very rarely hypersensitivity reactions. Transient haematologicals changes GI upsets, CNS effects, phlebitis or thrombophlebitis at the IV injection site, pain and/or inflammation after IM injection, very rarely hypersensitivity reactions. Transient haematologicals changes GI upsets, CNS effects, phlebitis or thrombophlebitis at the IV injection site, pain and/or inflammation after IM injection, very rarely hypersensitivity reactions. Transient haematologicals changes
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, penicillins or Typhoid vaccine other beta-lactam antibiotics
Interactions
Cefoperazone Sodium 1 g Injection
Cefobid
Cefoperazone Sodium 2 g Injection
Cefobid
Cefoperazone Sodium 500 mg & Sulperazon Sulbactam Sodium 500 mg Injection Cefoperazone Sodium 500 mg Injection
Cefobid
Febrile neutropenia, septicaemia, lower respiratory ADULT: 1 - 2 g twice daily for most infections. For tract infection, urinary tract infection, skin and skin severe infections including febrile neutropenia: 2 g 3 structure infections, gynaecologic and intra-abdominal times daily. CHILD: 25 - 50 mg/kg 3 times daily infections ADULT: 1 - 2 g twice daily IM or IV. By IV, adult dose may be doubled. Maximum: 16 g daily in divided Infections due to gram-negative bacteria doses. CHILD & INFANT: 50 - 200 mg/kg/day in 2 - 4 divided doses. NEONATE less than 8 days: 50 - 200 mg/kg/day 12 hourly ADULT: 1 - 2 g twice daily IM or IV. By IV, adult dose may be doubled. Maximum: 16 g daily in divided Infections due to gram-negative bacteria doses. CHILD & INFANT: 50 - 200 mg/kg/day in 2 - 4 divided doses. NEONATE less than 8 days: 50 - 200 mg/kg/day 12 hourly i) Treatment of infections due to multi-drug resistance ADULT: 1 - 2 g twice daily. CHILD: 40 - 80 mg/kg/day pathogens producing B-lactamase ii) Treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter species ADULT: 1 - 2 g twice daily IM or IV. By IV, adult dose may be doubled. Maximum: 16 g daily in divided Infections due to gram-negative bacteria doses. CHILD & INFANT: 50 - 200 mg/kg/day in 2 - 4 divided doses. NEONATE less than 8 days: 50 - 200 mg/kg/day 12 hourly Infections due to gram-negative bacteria ADULT: 1 g 12 hourly (up to 12 g/day in severe cases). CHILD: 50 - 180 mg/kg/day in 4 - 6 divided doses ADULT: 1 g 12 hourly (up to 12 g/day in severe cases). CHILD: 50 - 180 mg/kg/day in 4 - 6 divided doses
Hypersensitvity to cephalosporins
Heparin, typhoid vaccine, warfarin
Known allergy to penicillins, sulbactam or cephalosporins
Cefotaxime 1 g Injection
Claforan
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides, probenecid, typhoid vaccine
Cefotaxime 500 mg Injection
Claforan
Infections due to gram-negative bacteria
Aminoglycosides, probenecid, typhoid vaccine
Ceftazidime 1 g Injection
Fortum
Severe gram negative bacterial infections
ADULT: 1 g 8 hourly or 2 g 12 hourly. In severe infections: 2 g 8 hourly. CHILD: 25 - 150 mg/kg/day in Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment 2 - 3 divided doses ADULT: 1 g 8 hourly or 2 g 12 hourly. In severe infections: 2 g 8 hourly. CHILD: 25 - 150 mg/kg/day in Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment 2 - 3 divided doses ADULT: 1 g 8 hourly or 2 g 12 hourly. In severe infections: 2 g 8 hourly. CHILD: 25 - 150 mg/kg/day in Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment 2 - 3 divided doses ADULT: 1 g 8 hourly or 2 g 12 hourly. In severe infections: 2 g 8 hourly. CHILD: 25 - 150 mg/kg/day in Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment 2 - 3 divided doses
Aminoglycosides, probenecid, chloramphenicol, live typhoid vaccine
Ceftazidime 2 g Injection
Fortum
Ceftazidime 250 mg Injection
Fortum
Ceftazidime 500 mg Injection
Fortum
Ceftriaxone 0.25 g Injection
Rocephin
i) Gonorrhoea ii) Chancroid
Previous hypersensitivity to penicillins, anaphylactic shock, severe renal& hepatic failure, pregnancy. Ceftriaxone and calcium -containing solutions may be administered sequentially to one another if the infusion lines are thoroughly flushed between infusions with compatible fluid. Diluents containing calcium (Ringer's / Hartmann's solution) are not to GI upsets, haematological changes, skin i) 250 mg by deep IM injection ii) single IM injection be used to reconstitute ceftriaxonevials or to further reactions, coagulation disorders, phlebitis, 250 mg only. For severe infection up to 100 mg/kg/day dilute a reconstituted vial for IV administration agranulocytosis, renal precipitations because a precipitate can form. Ceftriaxone must not be administered simultaneously with calciumcontaining intravenous solutions, including continous calcium -containing infusions such as parenteral nutrition via a Y-site, because precipaitation of ceftriaxone-calcium can occur Previous hypersensitivity to penicillins, anaphylactic shock, severe renal& hepatic failure, pregnancy. Ceftriaxone and calcium -containing solutions may be administered sequentially to one another if the infusion lines are thoroughly flushed between ADULT: 1 - 2 g once daily. Severe infection: 4 g daily infusions with compatible fluid. Diluents containing at 12 hour intervals. INFANT & CHILD, 3 weeks - 12 calcium (Ringer's / Hartmann's solution) are not to GI upsets, haematological changes, skin years: 20 - 80 mg/kg body weight daily. CHILD with be used to reconstitute ceftriaxonevials or to further reactions, coagulation disorders, phlebitis, body weight 50 kg or more: adult dose. NEONATE up dilute a reconstituted vial for IV administration agranulocytosis, renal precipitations to 2 weeks: 20 - 50 mg/kg body weight daily, not to because a precipitate can form. Ceftriaxone must exceed 50 mg/kg not be administered simultaneously with calciumcontaining intravenous solutions, including continous calcium -containing infusions such as parenteral nutrition via a Y-site, because precipaitation of ceftriaxone-calcium can occur
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins. Neonates aged less than or 28 days if they require treatment with calcium-containing intravenous Ciclosporin, typhoid vaccine solutions, including calcium-containing infusions such as parenteral nutrition, because of the risk of precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium
Ceftriaxone 0.5 g Injection
Rocephin
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Ceftriaxone 1g Injection
Rocephin
Previous hypersensitivity to penicillins, anaphylactic shock, severe renal& hepatic failure, pregnancy. Ceftriaxone and calcium -containing solutions may be administered sequentially to one another if the infusion lines are thoroughly flushed between ADULT: 1 - 2 g once daily. Severe infection: 4 g daily infusions with compatible fluid. Diluents containing at 12 hour intervals. INFANT & CHILD, 3 weeks - 12 calcium (Ringer's / Hartmann's solution) are not to GI upsets, haematological changes, skin years: 20 - 80 mg/kg body weight daily. CHILD with be used to reconstitute ceftriaxonevials or to further reactions, coagulation disorders, phlebitis, body weight 50 kg or more: adult dose. NEONATE up dilute a reconstituted vial for IV administration agranulocytosis, renal precipitations to 2 weeks: 20 - 50 mg/kg body weight daily, not to because a precipitate can form. Ceftriaxone must exceed 50 mg/kg not be administered simultaneously with calciumcontaining intravenous solutions, including continous calcium -containing infusions such as parenteral nutrition via a Y-site, because precipaitation of ceftriaxone-calcium can occur ADULT: 250 mg twice daily ;UTI: 125 mg twice daily. CHILD:125 mg twice daily. Maximum 250 mg/day Anaphylactic reaction to penicillins GI disturbances occasionally pseudomembraneous colitis, hypersensitivity reactions, eosinophilia, headache, superinfection GI disturbances occasionally pseudomembraneous colitis, hypersensitivity reactions, eosinophilia, headache, superinfection GI disturbances occasionally pseudomembraneous colitis, hypersensitivity reactions, eosinophilia, headache, superinfection Hypersensitivity, GI disturbances including pseudomembraneous colitis, haematological changes, superinfection, transient pain at IM injection site, thrombophlebitis (IV injection) Hypersensitivity, GI disturbances including pseudomembraneous colitis, haematological changes, superinfection, transient pain at IM injection site, thrombophlebitis (IV injection) Hypersensitivity, GI disturbances including pseudomembraneous colitis, haematological changes, superinfection, transient pain at IM injection site, thrombophlebitis (IV injection) GI disorders, flatulence, insomnia, pharyngitis, sinusitis, dizziness, vertigo, hearing disturbance, photosensitivity, blood disorder, fluid retention, renal failure, hepatic impairment, Steven-Johnson syndrome, allergic reactions, chest pain, oedema, hot flushes, flu-like symptoms. Gastric side effects are lesser with this drug as compared to other NSAIDs. Gastrointestinal disorders, flatulence, insomnia, pharyngitis, sinusitis, dizziness, vertigo, hearing disturbance, photosensitivity, blood disorder, fluid retention, renal failure, hepatic impairment, Steven-Johnson syndrome, allergic reactions, chest pain, oedema, hot flushes, flu-like symptoms. Gastric side effects are lesser with this drug as compared to other NSAIDs
Cefuroxime Axetil 125 mg Tablet
Zinnat
Upper respiratory tract, GUT, skin & soft tissue infections, urinary tract infection (UTI), pyelonephritis
Aminoglycosides, typhoid vaccine
Cefuroxime Axetil 125 mg/5 ml Suspension
Zinnat
30 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses
Anaphylactic reaction to penicillins
Cefuroxime Axetil 250 mg Tablet
Zinnat
Upper respiratory tract, GUT, skin & soft tissue infections, urinary tract infection (UTI), pyelonephritis
ADULT: 250 mg twice daily ;UTI: 125 mg twice daily. CHILD:125 mg twice daily. Maximum 250 mg/day
Anaphylactic reaction to penicillins
Cefuroxime Sodium 1.5 g Injection
Zinacef
Cefuroxime Sodium 250 mg Injection Zinacef
Cefuroxime Sodium 750 mg Injection Zinacef
Celecoxib 200 mg Capsule
Celebrex
Celecoxib 400 mg Capsule
Celebrex
ADULT: 750 mg 6 - 8 hours IM or IV. Severe Infections caused by susceptible organisms, surgical infections: 1.5 g three times to four times daily IV. prophylaxis CHILD: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day in 3 - 4 divided doses. Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 g IV ADULT: 750 mg 6 - 8 hours IM or IV. Severe Infections caused by susceptible organisms, surgical infections: 1.5 g three times to four times daily IV. prophylaxis CHILD: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day in 3 - 4 divided doses. Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 g IV ADULT: 750 mg 6 - 8 hours IM or IV. Severe Infections caused by susceptible organisms, surgical infections: 1.5 g three times to four times daily IV. prophylaxis CHILD: 30 - 100 mg/kg/day in 3 - 4 divided doses. Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 g IV i) ADULTS: 200 mg once daily. CHILD not recommended ii) 100mg twice daily, increased if necessary to 200 mg 2 times daily; CHILD not recommended iii) 400mg as a single dose on first day i) Osteoarthritis ii) Rheumatoid Arthritis iii) Acute pain followed by 200mg once daily on subsequent days iv) iv) Ankylosing Spondylitis Initial, 200 mg once daily or 100 mg twice daily; if no effect after 6 weeks, may increase to max. 400 mg daily in 1-2 divided doses. If no response following 2 weeks of treatment with 400 mg/day, consider discontinuation and alternative treatment i) ADULTS: 200 mg once daily. CHILD not recommended ii) 100 mg twice daily, increased if necessary to 200 mg 2 times daily; CHILD not recommended iii) 400 mg as a single dose on first day i) Osteoarthritis ii) Rheumatoid Arthritis iii) Acute pain followed by 200 mg once daily on subsequent days iv) iv) Ankylosing Spondylitis Initial, 200 mg once daily or 100 mg twice daily; if no effect after 6 weeks, may increase to max. 400 mg daily in 1-2 divided doses. If no response following 2 weeks of treatment with 400 mg/day, consider discontinuation and alternative treatment Respiratory tract infections, ear, nose and throat infections, urinary tract infections, obstetric and gynaecologic infections i) Respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection ii) Complicated, recurrent or chronic infections, bronchitis iii) Pneumonia i) Respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection ii) Complicated, recurrent or chronic infections, bronchitis iii) Pneumonia Respiratory tract infections, ear, nose and throat infections, urinary tract infections, obstetric and gynaecologic infections
Anaphylactic reaction to penicillins, concurrent treatment with potent diuretics. Renal impairment Anaphylactic reaction to penicillins, concurrent treatment with potent diuretics. Renal impairment Anaphylactic reaction to penicillins, concurrent treatment with potent diuretics. Renal impairment
Probenecid, aminoglycosides, live typhoid vaccine Probenecid, aminoglycosides, live typhoid vaccine Probenecid, aminoglycosides, live typhoid vaccine
Hypertension, cardiac conditions, liver/renal dysfunction, elderly, fluid retention, children, asthmatic, coagulation defects, pregnancy (third trimester)
Hypersensitivity to celecoxib, allergic-type reaction to sulphonamides, aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, ischaemic heart disease and stroke patient
Diuretics, anti-coagulants, sulphonylureas, captopril, phenytoin, digoxin, fluconazole, lithium, antacids, aspirin, glucocorticoids, warfarin
Hypertension, cardiac conditions, liver/renal dysfunction, elderly, fluid retention, children, asthmatic, coagulation defects, pregnancy (third trimester)
Hypersensitivity to celecoxib, allergic-type reaction to sulphonamides, aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, ischaemic heart disease and stroke patient
Diuretics, anti-coagulants, sulphonylureas, captopril, phenytoin, digoxin, fluconazole, lithium, antacids, aspirin, glucocorticoids, warfarin
Cephalexin Monohydrate 125 mg/5 ml Syrup
Ceporex
CHILD: 25 - 100 mg/kg/day every 6 hourly. Maximum: Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment, 4 g daily superinfection
GI disturbances, overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, hypersensitivity reactions, reversible Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins neutropenia GI disturbances, overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, hypersensitivity reactions, reversible Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins neutropenia GI disturbances; overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms; hypersensitivity reactions, reversible Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins neutropenia GI disturbances, overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, hypersensitivity reactions, reversible Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins neutropenia
Cephalexin Monohydrate 250 mg Capsule
Ceporex
i) 250 mg 6 hourly ii) 250 - 500 mg 6 hourly iii) 1 - 1.5 g 3 times daily or 4 times daily. Maximum: 6 g/day
Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment, superinfection
Cephalexin Monohydrate 250 mg Tablet
Ceporex
ADULT: i) 250 mg 6 hourly ii) 250 - 500 mg 6 hourly iii) Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment, 1 - 1.5 g 3 - 4 times daily. Maximum: 6 g/day superinfection
Cephalexin Monohydrate 250 mg/5 ml Syrup
Ceporex
CHILD: 25 - 100 mg/kg/day every 6 hourly. Maximum: Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment, 4 g daily superinfection
Concurrent treatment with high doses of cephalosporins& aminoglycosides or potent diuretics may adversely affect renal function. Probenecid may increase or prolong plasma level& toxicity of cephalosporins Concurrent treatment with high doses of cephalosporins& aminoglycosides or potent diuretics may adversely affect renal function. Probenecid may increase or prolong plasma level& toxicity of cephalosporins Concurrent treatment with high doses of cephalosporins& aminoglycosides or potent diuretics may adversely affect renal function. Probenecid may increase or prolong plasma level& toxicity of cephalosporins Concurrent treatment with high doses of cephalosporins& aminoglycosides or potent diuretics may adversely affect renal function. Probenecid may increase or prolong plasma level& toxicity of cephalosporins
Generic Name
Cephalexin Monohydrate 500 mg Capsule
Trade Name
Indications
i) Respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection ii) Complicated, recurrent or chronic infections, bronchitis iii) Pneumonia i) Respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection ii) Complicated, recurrent or chronic infections, bronchitis iii) Pneumonia Urticaria, allergic dermatoses (insect bites, atopic eczema), perennial rhinitis, allergic rhinitis As shampoo and cleanser
Dosage Form
i) 250 mg 6 hourly ii) 250 - 500 mg 6 hourly iii) 1 - 1.5 g 3 times daily or 4 times daily. Maximum: 6 g/day
Precautions
Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment, superinfection
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Concurrent treatment with high doses of cephalosporins& aminoglycosides or potent diuretics may adversely affect renal function. Probenecid may increase or prolong plasma level& toxicity of cephalosporins Concurrent treatment with high doses of cephalosporins& aminoglycosides or potent diuretics may adversely affect renal function. Probenecid may increase or prolong plasma level& toxicity of cephalosporins Decreased cetirizine clearance resulting in elevated cetirizine serum concentrations and possibly cetirizine toxicity with theophylline Not known
Ceporex
GI disturbances, overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, hypersensitivity reactions, reversible Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins neutropenia GI disturbances; overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms; hypersensitivity reactions, reversible Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins neutropenia
Cephalexin Monohydrate 500 mg Tablet
Ceporex
ADULT: i) 250 mg 6 hourly ii) 250 - 500 mg 6 hourly iii) Hypersensitivity to penicillins, renal impairment, 1 - 1.5 g 3 - 4 times daily. Maximum: 6 g/day superinfection Activities requiring mental alertness. Concurrent ADULT and CHILD over 6 years:10 mg daily or 5 mg use of central nervous system depressants. Renal twice daily. Child 2-6 years: 5 mg once daily or 2.5 mg insufficiency or hepatic dysfunction, elderly. Patient twice daily less than 2 years Contact with the eyes, brain, meninges, and middle Apply to affected area ear should be avoided. Cetrimide should not be used in body cavities or as an enema Contact with the eyes, brain, meninges, and middle Apply to affected area ear should be avoided. Cetrimide should not be used in body cavities or as an enema Given by SC 0.25 mg/day, given either in the morning Active allergic conditions or a history of allergies, beginning on the day 5 or 6 of ovarian stimulation or in children. Not intended for use in elderly more than the evening beginning on day 5, and continued until 65 years ovulation induction
Cetirizine HCl 10 mg Tablet
Zyrtec
Somnolence, fatigue, headache and dry mouth Hypersensitivity to cetirizine or hydroxyzine Hypersensitivity to cetrimide after prolonged and repeated applications Cutaneous irritation and local effects Mild and transient injection site reaction, nausea, headache, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, rarely hypersensitivity reactions
Cetrimide 0.5% Cream
Cetavlon
Hypersensitivity to cetrimide
Cetrimide 1-2% Lotion.
Cetavlon
As shampoo and cleansing agent Prevention of premature ovulation in patients undergoing a controlled ovarian stimulation, followed by oocyte pick-up and assisted reproductive techniques
Hypersensitivity to cetrimide Pregnancy and lactation, moderate to severe renal or hepatic impairment, severe allergic condition
Not known
Cetrorelix 0.25 mg Injection
Cetrotide
Not known
Charcoal, Activated 250 mg Tablet
i) ADULT 0.5-1 g given 3-4 times daily. CHILD half adult dose. ii) Need to be dissolved in liquid (slurry consistency). ADULT and CHILD over 12 years: initial 30-100 g or 1-2 g/kg; repeat initial dose as soon as i) Diarrhoea and food poisoning ii) Reduce absorption Aspiration of charcoal, hydrocarbons, corrosive, possible or 20-50 g every 2-6 hours. CHILD over 1-12 of drugs, plant, inorganic poison and chemicals in imaging of gastroesophageal. Caution in patient at Black stools and gastrointestinal disturbances years, 25-50 g or 1-2 g/kg; may repeat half the initial poisoning cases risk of gastrointestinal obstruction dose every 2-6 hour as needed. CHILD to 1 year of age, 1 g/kg; may repeat half the initial dose every 2-6 hours as needed. For maximum efficacy administer within 1 hour after ingestion of toxic compound History of gastritis or duodenal ulcers, mentally ADULT : 0.5 - 1 g (max 2 g) with plenty of water at depressed patients, severe cardiac disease, bedtime. CHILD : 30 - 50 mg/kg up to a max dose of 1 respiratory disease, lactation, acute intermitent g porphyria, skin/mucous membrane irritation, avoid prolonged use and abrupt withdrawal Arrhythmias, hallucination, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, gastric irritation, vertigo, nightmares, delirium, flatulence, abdominal distention, leucopenia, eosinophilia, ketonuria, respiratory depression, rashes Myelosuppression, azoospermia/amenorrhoea, Myelosuppression. Monitor blood counts. History of rash, allergic reactions, seizures, nausea and seizures. If generalised skin rash develops during vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis, interstitial treatment, to stop therapy to avoid progressing to pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, transient erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis or elevation of liver enzymes, secondary Stevens-Johnson syndrome malignancies Overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms in Allergic reactions, superinfection, bone marrow prolonged use hypoplasia including aplastic anaemia Overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms in Allergic reactions, superinfection, bone marrow prolonged use hypoplasia including aplastic anaemia
Acarbose, carbamazepine, digoxin, frusemide, olanzapine, phenytoin; decreased effectiveness of these drugs, reduce absorption of oral An unprotected airway, gastrointestinal tract not therapy and render their effectiveness, anatomically intact simultaneous oral therapy should be avoided. Clear activated charcoal from stomach /avoid its usage if methionine (specific oral antidote) is to be used Warfarin, increased risk of bleeding. Frusemide, cardiovascular toxicity (diaphoresis, hypertension, tachycardia). Alcohol, increased sedation. May reduce effect of phenytoin
Chloral Hydrate 200 mg/5 ml Mixture -
Preoperative sedation
Hypersensitivity to chloral hydrate products, cardiac disease, hepatic or renal impairment, pregnancy, breast feeding, porphyria, gastritis
Chlorambucil 2 mg Tablet
Leukeran
Low grade lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 200 mcg/kg body weight daily for 4 - 8 weeks Ovarian cancer
Hypersensitivity to chlorambucil, pregnancy
Ciclosporin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, allopurinol, live vaccines
Chloramphenicol 0.5% Eye Drops Chloramphenicol 1% Eye Ointment
Chloromycetin Chloromycetin
Broad spectrum antibiotic in superficial eye infections 1 - 2 drops every 3 - 4 hours Conjunctivitis and other superficial eye infection
Hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol products Hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol products
Not known Not known
Chloramphenicol 125 mg/5 ml Suspension
Chloromycetin
Typhoid fever, salmonella infections, meningitis, cholera, anaerobic and rickettsial infections
Apply 1/2 inch of ointment every 3 - 4 times into the conjunctival sac CHILD: 25 - 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. Severe infections, premature& full-term infants less than 2 Avoid prolong treatment or use in minor infections. weeks: 25mg/kg/day in divided doses. Full-term Liver impairment. Uraemic patients, infants, infants more than 2 weeks: up to 50mg/kg/day in pregnancy, active immunisation divided doses ADULT: 500 mg 4 times daily or 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. Maximum dose: 4 g/day. CHILD: 25 100 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses
Aplastic anaemia. Haemolytic anaemia in G6PD deficiency. Grey syndrome, bleeding, Hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol peripheral& optic neuritis, hypersensitivity reaction& erythema multiforme Hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol Hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol products, perforated tympanic membrane, chronic otitis media with perforation Hypersensitivity, pregnancy and lactation, anaemia, porphyria
Bone marrow depressants, enhance effects of coumarin anticoagulants& warfarin, phenytoin Bone marrow depressants, enhance effects of coumarin anticoagulants & warfarin, phenytoin & some hypoglycaemic agents With other antibacterials, antiepileptics, anticoagulants, cyclosporin Phenobarbitone& rifampicin may reduce the plasma concentration. Drugs which potentially depress bone marrow function. May potentiate actions of phenytoin, sulfonylureas& anticoagulants Not known
Chloramphenicol 250 mg Capsule
Chloromycetin
Treatment of typhoid, paratyphoid fevers, bronchopneumonia and enteric infection Acute otitis media, otitis externa with perforation
Chloramphenicol 5% w/v Ear Drops
Chloromycetin
Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinate 1 Chloromycetin g Injection
Treatment of typhoid, paratyphoid fevers, bronchopneumonia and enteric infection
Aplastic anaemia. Haemolytic anaemia in G6PD Avoid prolong treatment or use in minor infections. deficiency. Grey syndrome, bleeding, peripheral Liver impairment. Uraemic patients, infants, & optic neuritis, hypersensitivity reaction& pregnancy, active immunisation erythema multiforme Use with caution in the presence of perforated Sensitivity to the vehicle propylene glycol, local Apply 2 - 3 drops into the ear 2 - 3 times daily. Not to tymphanic membrane. Overgrowth of nonirritation with symptoms of burning, itching, be used for long term susceptible infection over prolonged use urticaria, transient stinging Depression of bone marrow leading to agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia purpura, ADULT: 1.5 - 3 g daily in divided doses every 6 hourly. Repeated courses& chronic treatment, infants, leucopenia and aplastic anaemia. Peripheral& CHILD: 25 -100 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 impaired liver or kidney function. Frequent optic neuritis, erythema multiforme, GI hourly haematological examination is recommended disorders, urticaria, dry mouth and blurred vision
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.2 % Mouthwash
Hibitane
As a gargle
Avoid prolonged skin contact with alcoholic Patients who have previously shown a Occasionally, irritative skin reactions, extremely Rinse mouth with 10 ml for about 1 minute twice daily solution. Avoid contact with eyes, brain, meninges, hypersensitivity reaction to chlorhexidine. rare, generalised allergic reactions middle ear and body cavities. For external use only However, such reaction are extremely rare Surgical hand disinfection: Apply 5ml to clean hands and forearms for 1 min. Rinse and repeat with another For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes and 5ml for a further 2 mins and then rinse and dry. General skin disinfection: Apply appropriate quantity middle ear to wet area and scrub for 1 min. Rinse thoroughly & dry i) & iii) 1 : 10 in 70 % Alcohol ii) 1 : 100 Occasionally irritative skin reactions, generalised allergic reactions, may cause gastrointestinal disturbances. Inhalation of solvent vapours may give rise to nausea, headaches and dizziness
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 4% Scrub
Hibiscrub
Surgical hand scrub/disinfection, pre-op skin preparation
Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine gluconate or any component of the formulation
Not known
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 5% Solution Hibitane
i) Preoperative skin disinfection ii) Wounds or burns iii) Emergency disinfection of instruments
Mucosal irritation (discontinue if desquamation), Avoid contact with meninges, application into hairy parotid gland swelling, irritation and areas and not use as a preoperative skin gastrointestinal disturbances. Inhalation of Hypersensitivity to any of its components preparation for the face or head. Keep disinfectant solvent vapours may give rise to nausea, solution out of the eyes, ears and mouth headaches and dizziness
Avoid cemented glass components
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Pre-op surgical hand disinfection: Spread 5ml throughly over both hands and forearms, rubbing vigorously. When dry apply a further 5ml and repeat procedure. Antiseptic hand disinfection on the ward: Spread 3ml throughly over the hands and wrist rubbing vigorously until dry. Disinfection of patient's skin: Prior to surgery, apply to a sterile swab and rub thoroughly over the operation site for a minimum of 2 mins Not applicable Apply to affected areas undiluted as a cleansing agent
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 5% Solution 1:10 in 70% alcohol with lanolin as Hibisol emollient
To be used undiluted for hand and skin disinfections
Avoid contact with eyes, brain meninges, body cavities, middle ear. Not for injection. Avoid prolonged skin contact. Allow to dry before proceeding
Occasionally irritative skin reactions, rare generalised allergic reactions, dizziness, confusion, headache or stupor
Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine gluconate or any component of the formulation
Incompatible with soaps and other anionic agents. Hypochlorite bleaches may cause brown stains to develop in fabrics which have previously been in contact with chlorhexidine solutions
Chlorinated Lime Powder
Antiseptic and disinfectants Wound or ulcer
Chlorinated Lime Solution & Buffered Eusol-T Acetate Solution Chloroquine Phosphate 250 mg Tablet (150 mg Chloroquine base)
Treatment of malaria - acute attack
Chlorpheniramine Maleate 10 mg/ml Piriton Injection Chlorpheniramine Maleate 2 mg/5 ml Piriton Syrup
Allergic conditions
ADULT 600 mg base stat, 300 mg 6 - 8 hours later and a further 300 mg on each of 2 following days. May exacerbate psoriasis or trigger an acute attack CHILD 3 - 4 years : 150 mg base stat, 75 mg 6 hours of hepatic porphyria (metabolic abnormality). Prelater, then 75 mg daily for 2 days. CHILD 5 - 8 years : existing kidney damage, first trimester of pregnancy 300 mg stat, 150 mg 6 hours later, then 150 mg daily for 2 days Porphyria, pregnancy, asthma, glaucoma, avoid 10 - 20 mg IM or SC, repeated if required. Not to operating vehicles or machinery. Parenteral exceed 40 mg in 24 hours. 10 - 20 mg over 1 minute injection have to be protected from light to prevent by slow IV discolouration CHILD 1 - 2 years : 1 mg twice daily, 2 - 5 years : 1 Porphyria, pregnancy, asthma, glaucoma, avoid mg every 4 - 6 hours (maximum 6 mg daily), 6 - 12 operating vehicles or machinery years : 2 mg every 4 - 6 hours (maximum 12 mg daily) ADULT : 4 mg every 4 - 6 hours. Maximum 24 mg daily. CHILD 1 - 2 years : 1 mg twice daily, 2 - 5 years Prophyria, pregnancy, asthma, glaucoma avoid : 1 mg every 4 - 6 hours (maximum 6 mg daily), 6 - 12 operating vehicles or machinery years : 2 mg every 4 - 6 hours (maximum 12 mg daily)
Bleaches fabric, irritant, do not use on open Irritating to skin, dissolves blood clots, delay wounds clotting Topically applied hypochlorites may dissolve blood Skin irritation clots and cause bleeding Loss of appetite, nausea, pressure over the stomach, visual disturbances Drowsiness, dizziness, stinging or burning sensation at injection site, hypotension, CNS stimulation, tinnitus, blurred vision, irritability, lassitude Drowiness, dizziness, hypotension, CNS stimulation, tinnitus, blurred vision, irritability, lassitude Drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, CNS stimulation, tinnitus, blurred vision, irritability, lassitude Postural hypotension, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, arrhythmias, constipation, haematologic effects, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, jaundice, agitation, insomnia, parkinsonism symptoms, drowsiness, convulsion and tachycardia, acute dystonia, leukopenia, angioedema, bronchospasm, urticaria, hyperprolactinemia, eye, cardiac, skin & subcutanoues tissue disorders, dry mouth, respiratory depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Rarely agranulocytosis, priapism Postural hypotension, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, arrhythmias, constipation, haematologic effects, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, jaundice, agitation, insomnia, parkinsonism symptoms, drowsiness, convulsion and tachycardia, acute dystonia, leukopenia, angioedema, bronchospasm, urticaria, hyperprolactinemia, eye, cardiac, skin & subcutanoues tissue disorders, dry mouth, respiratory depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Rarely agranulocytosis, priapism Allergic reaction (occasional) Erythema, maculopapular lesions and phototoxicity
Not known Patients who have previously shown a hypersensitivity reaction G6PD deficiency, diseases of haematopoietic organs or CNS, retinopathy
No interaction found Not known Simultaneous use of corticosteroids can accentuate possible myopathies and cardiomyopathies
Hypersensitivity to chlorpheniramine
Alcohol pontentiate CNS depressants, actions prolonged by MOAIs, anticholigernic drugs Alcohol pontentiate CNS depressants, actions prolonged by MAOIs, anticholigernic drugs
Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions responsive to antihistamine
Chlorpheniramine Maleate 4 mg Tablet
Piriton
Symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions responsive to antihistamines
Alcohol, CNS depressants, MAOIs, anticholinergics drugs
Chlorpromazine HCl 100 mg Tablet
Largactil
Psychosis mania and agitation
Pregnancy and lactation, elderly, epilepsy or history of seizure, impaired kidney and liver function, ADULT : Initial dose - 25 mg 3 times daily according to Parkinson's disease, severe hypotension, response up to 1 g daily. PAEDIATRIC: Up to 5 years: hypothyroidism, cardiac failure, 0.5 mg/kg body weight every 4 - 6 hours (Maximum 40 phaeochromocytoma, myasthenia gravis & prostate mg daily). CHILD 6 - 12 years: A third to half adult hypertrophy. Avoid in patient hypersensitive to dose (Maximum 75 mg daily) phenothiazines, history of narrow-angle glaucoma or agranulocytosis. Monitor BP & complete blood count. Avoid exposure to sunlight
Hypersensitivity to chlorpromazine products, phenothiazines, myelosuppression, coma, severe CNS depression, bone marrow depression
Alcohol, CNS depressant, anticholinergic, tramadol, phenobarbitone, beta-blockers (metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol), captopril,norepinephrine, procyclidine, warfarin, epinephrine, cimetidine, ethanol, adrenaline, antacids, amphetamine, amiodarone, bumetamide, chlorothiazides, clarithromycin, erythromycin, frusemide, phenytoin, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants & other antipsychotics, carbamazepine
Chlorpromazine HCl 25 mg Tablet
Largactil
Psychosis mania and agitation
Pregnancy and lactation, elderly, epilepsy or history of seizure, impaired kidney and liver function, ADULT : Initial dose - 25 mg 3 times daily according to Parkinson's disease, severe hypotension, response up to 1 g daily. PAEDIATRIC: Up to 5 years: hypothyroidism, cardiac failure, 0.5 mg/kg body weight every 4 - 6 hours (Maximum 40 phaeochromocytoma, myasthenia gravis & prostate mg daily). CHILD 6 - 12 years: A third to half adult hypertrophy. Avoid in patient hypersensitive to dose (Maximum 75 mg daily) phenothiazines, history of narrow-angle glaucoma or agranulocytosis. Monitor BP & complete blood count. Avoid exposure to sunlight
Hypersensitivity to chlorpromazine products, phenothiazines, myelosuppression, coma, severe CNS depression, bone marrow depression
Alcohol, CNS depressant, anticholinergic, tramadol, phenobarbitone, beta-blockers (metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol), captopril,norepinephrine, procyclidine, warfarin, epinephrine, cimetidine, ethanol, adrenaline, antacids, amphetamine, amiodarone, bumetamide, chlorothiazides, clarithromycin, erythromycin, frusemide, phenytoin, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants & other antipsychotics, carbamazepine Ciclosporin Not known
Chlortetracycline 1% Eye Ointment Chlortetracycline 1-3 % Cream
Eye infections require a broad spectrum antibiotic Bacterial skin infections
Instill 1/2 inch 2 - 3 times daily Apply directly to affected area twice daily as required for 1 - 2 weeks Prophylactic ADULT: First dose of 0.5 ml SC/IM followed after 1 - 4 weeks by a second dose of 1 ml. CHILD: 1 - 5 years: 0.1 ml (1st dose), 0.3 ml (2nd dose). CHILD; 5 - 10 years: 0.3 ml (1st dose), 0.5ml (2nd dose) Hypercholesterolemia: Adjunct: initial, 4 g orally 1-2 times daily, maintenance, 8 to 16 g in divided doses, max 24 g daily CHILD: 50 - 150 mg/ kg 6 - 8 hourly oral
Overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms Photosensitivity Avoid administration to immunosuppressed patients, use in pregnant women only when necessary Increased bleeding tendency may develop due to hypoprothrombinaemia from vitamin K deficiency, may interfere with fat absorption, absorption of fat soluble vitamins may be decreased and preexisting constipations Excessive use can lead to salicylate poisoning. During therapy, do not give aspirin to children 16 year. Co-administration with drugs for blood clots and gout. Stomach ulcer. Pregnancy
Hypersensitivity to chlortetracycline or to any agents in the tetracycline class Hypersensitivity to chlortetracycline or to any agents in the tetracycline class
Cholera Vaccine
Immunisation of cholera
Tachycardia and hypotension, neurologic Infants less than 6 months of age. disorders, anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity Revaccination is not advisable if serious reactions, malaise, low-grade-fever, generalized reaction to the vaccine has occurred aches and pains, urticaria Abdominal discomfort, bleeding tendencies due Complete biliary obstruction, hyperlipidaemia to hypoprothrombinaemia, constipation, type III, IV or V. Hypersensitivity to bileflatulence, nausea and vomiting sequestering resins
Yellow fever vaccine Amiodarone, cephalexin, chlorothiazide, diclofenac, digitoxin, digoxin, entacapone, frusemide, hydrochlorothiazide, leflunomide, meloxicam, methotrexate, metronidazole, mycophenolate mofetil, pravastatin, raloxifene, valproic acid, warfarin
Cholestyramine Resin 4 G
Questran light
i) Hypercholesterolemia ii) Pruritus of skin associated with partial biliary obstruction iii) Diarrhoea due to bile acid malabsorption iv)Familial hypercholesterolemia heterozygous v) Generalized atherosclerosis
Choline Salicylate 8.7%, Cetylkonium Bonjela Chloride 0.01% Dental Gel
For relief of the pain and discomfort in mouth ulcers and sores, infant teething and denture irritation
Apply to area 4 times daily
Not known
Chorionic Gonadotrophin Human (HCG) 5000 IU Injection
Pregnyl
Treatment of infertile women to induce ovulation and as a luteal support in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles
Induction of ovulation: 5000 - 10,000 units one day Use of human gonadotrophin either to induce following last dose of menotropin. Up to 3 repeat ovulation or as a luteal support, may increase the injections of 5000 units each may be given within the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) following 9 days to prevent insufficiency corpus luteum
Thromboembolism, oedema, headache, irritability, restlessness, depression and tiredness, salt and fluid retention, pain at injection site, skin rashes
Infants less than 4 months or in patients with a history of salicylate sensitivity. Preparations containing aspirin should not be given to young Not known children during treatment to avoid any risk of excessive salicylate levels When used with gonadotrophins (Follicle Androgen dependent neoplasia prior allergic Stimulating Hormone), ovarian hyperstimulation reaction to chorionic gonadotrophin, active syndrome, enlargement of ovarian cysts or thrombophlebitis rupture of ovarian cysts and multiple births may occur
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
ADULT and ADOLESCENT above 18 years : 80 - 320 mcg/day administered as 1 or 2 puffs. Recommended starting dose : 80 mcg once daily for patients previously maintained on bronchodilators alone. Patient maintained on another inhaled corticosteroid may require a higher dose
Precautions
Cataracts, corticosteroid withdrawal, crosshypersensitivity reactions, history of intraocular pressure changes, immunosuppressed patients, infection, pediatric patients, periods of stress, recent nasal surgery, nasal septum ulcers, or nasal trauma
Adverse Reaction
Headache, otalgia, epistaxis, nasopharyngitis, paradoxical bronchospasm, oropharyngeal candidiasis, voice hoarseness, bruising, cataracts, glaucoma and osteoporosis
Contraindications
Interactions
Ciclesonide 160mcg Inhalation
Alvesco
Prophylactic treatment of asthma in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older
Active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal, bacterial or viral infections of the respiratory system. Not indicated for status Caution when co-administered with potent asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma. CYP3A4 inhibitors eg ketoconazole, ritonavir Not for relief of acute asthma symptoms. Should not be stopped abruptly. Pregnancy, lactation
Ciclosporin 100 mg Capsule Microemulsion
i & ii) Initially 12.5 - 15 mg/kg/day, beginning on the day before transplant. Maintenance approx 12.5 mg/kg/day for 3 - 6 months before being tapered off to Only for: i) Patients in whom donor specific zero by 1 year of transplantation iii) 3 mg/kg/day in 2 transplantation cannot be carried out and in young divided doses for first 6 weeks. May increased children to minimise side-effects of steroids ii) Followgradually to maximum 5 mg/kg. Treatment withdrawn if up cases of bone marrow transplant iii) Patients with no response after 3 months iv) ADULT: 5 mg/kg/day in severe rheumatoid arthritis not responding to other 2 divided doses. CHILD: 6 mg/kg/day in 2 divided Sandimmun Neoral second line drugs iv) Patients with idiopathic nephrotic doses. Patients with permitted levels of kidney failure, syndrome who are steroid toxic or poor response to the starting dose must not more than 2.5 mg/kg/day v) cyclophosphamide v) Severe aplastic anemia, pure 12 mg/kg/day. vi) 2.5 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses red cell aplasia vi) Cases of recalcitrant psoriasis and increasing if there is no improvement after 4 weeks by atopic eczema vii) Treatment of chronic ocular 0.5 -1 mg/kg/month up to maximum 5 mg/kg/day vii) 5 inflammatory disorders/uveitis mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses, may increase to 7 mg/kg/day in resistant cases. Maintenance: Less than 5 mg/kg/day especially during remission i & ii) Initially 12.5 - 15 mg/kg/day, beginning on the day before transplant. Maintenance approx 12.5 mg/kg/day for 3 - 6 months before being tapered off to zero by 1 year of transplantation iii) 3 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for first 6 weeks. May increased gradually to maximum 5 mg/kg. Treatment withdrawn if no response after 3 months iv) ADULT: 5 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses. CHILD: 6 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses. Patients with permitted levels of kidney failure, the starting dose must not more than 2.5 mg/kg/day v) 12 mg/kg/day vi) 2.5 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses increasing if there is no improvement after 4 weeks by 0.5 -1 mg/kg/month up to maximum 5 mg/kg/day
History of allergic reactions, pregnancy, monitor BP, serum electrolytes, renal and hepatic function, hypertension & malignancies. Neoral and Sandimmun are not bioequivalent - dosage adjustments and increased monitoring needed. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy
Hypersensitivity to ciclosporin or any other component, rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis patients with abnormal renal function, Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gum hyperplasia, uncontrolled hypertension, malignancies, hypertension, neurotoxicity, convulsions, uncontrolled infections in rheumatoid arthritis increased malignancy risk, tremor, patients, primary or secondary paraesthesia, hypertrichosis, facial oedema, immunodeficiency in rheumatoid arthritis acne, gingival hypertrophy, hyperkalaemia, fluid patients, psoriasis patients receiving PUVA retention, increased susceptibility to infections, (psoralen plus ultraviolet A) or UVB (ultraviolet gastrointestinal symptoms B) therapy, methotrexate or other immunosuppressants, coal tar, radiation therapy & lactation
Etoposide, statins, vaccines, immunosuppressive drugs except corticosteroids, live vaccines, nephrotoxic drugs, NSAIDs, hepatic enzyme inducers. Increased ciclosporin level by diltiazem, doxycycline, erythromycin, ketoconazole, nicardipine, verapamil, oral contraceptives. Drugs which reduce ciclosporin level are carbamazepine, isoniazid, phenobarbitone, phenytoin and rifampicin. Increased risk of convulsion when used concurrently with highdose methylprednisolone
Only for : i) Patients in whom donor specific transplantation cannot be carried out and in young children to minimise side-effects of steroids ii) Followup cases of bone marrow transplant iii) Patients with severe Rheumatoid arthritis not responding to other Ciclosporin 100 mg/ml Drink Solution Sandimmum Neoral second line drugs iv) Patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who are steroid toxic or poor response to cyclophosphamide v) Severe aplastic anaemia, pure red cell aplasia vi) Cases of recalcitrant psoriasis and atopic eczema
Hypersensitivity to ciclosporin, or any other component. Rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis History of allergic reactions, pregnancy; monitor patients with abnormal renal function, Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gum hyperplasia, BP, serum electrolytes, renal and hepatic function, uncontrolled hypertension, malignancies, hypertension, neurotoxicity, convulsions, hypertension & malignancies. Neoral and uncontrolled infections in rheumatoid arthritis increased malignancy risk, tremor, Sandimmun are not bioequivalent - dosage patients, primary or secondary paraesthesia, hypertrichosis, facial oedema, adjustments and increased monitoring needed. immunodeficiency in rheumatoid arthritis acne, gingival hypertrophy; hyperkalaemia, fluid Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as patients, psoriasis patients receiving PUVA retention, increased susceptibility to infections, activation of latent viral infections including BK (psoralen plus ultraviolet A) or UVB (ultraviolet gastrointestinal symptoms virus -associated nephropathy B) therapy, methotrexate or other immunosuppressants, coal tar, radiation therapy, lactation
Etoposide, statins,vaccines, immunosuppressive drugs except corticosteroids, live vaccines, nephrotoxic drugs, NSAIDs, hepatic enzyme inducers. Increased ciclosporin level by diltiazem, doxycycline, erythromycin, ketoconazole, nicardipine, verapamil, oral contraceptives. Drugs which reduce ciclosporin level are carbamazepine, isoniazid, phenobarbitone, phenytoin and rifampicin. Increased risk of convulsion when used concurrently with highdose methylprednisolone
Ciclosporin 25 mg Capsule Microemulsion
i & ii) Initially 12.5 - 15 mg/kg/day, beginning on the day before transplant. Maintenance approx 12.5 mg/kg/day for 3 - 6 months before being tapered off to Only for: i) Patients in whom donor specific zero by 1 year of transplantation iii) 3 mg/kg/day in 2 transplantation cannot be carried out and in young divided doses for first 6 weeks. May increased children to minimise side-effects of steroids ii) Followgradually to maximum 5 mg/kg. Treatment withdrawn if up cases of bone marrow transplant iii) Patients with no response after 3 months iv) ADULT: 5 mg/kg/day in severe rheumatoid arthritis not responding to other 2 divided doses. CHILD: 6 mg/kg/day in 2 divided Sandimmun Neoral second line drugs iv) Patients with idiopathic nephrotic doses. Patients with permitted levels of kidney failure, syndrome who are steroid toxic or poor response to the starting dose must not more than 2.5 mg/kg/day v) cyclophosphamide v) Severe aplastic anemia, pure 12 mg/kg/day vi) 2.5 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses red cell aplasia vi) Cases of recalcitrant psoriasis and increasing if there is no improvement after 4 weeks by atopic eczema vii) Treatment of chronic ocular 0.5 -1 mg/kg/month up to maximum 5 mg/kg/day vii) 5 inflammatory disorders/uveitis mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses, may increase to 7 mg/kg/day in resistant cases. Maintenance: Less than 5 mg/kg/day especially during remission
History of allergic reactions, pregnancy, monitor BP, serum electrolytes, renal and hepatic function, hypertension & malignancies. Neoral and Sandimmun are not bioequivalent - dosage adjustments and increased monitoring needed. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy
Hypersensitivity to ciclosporin or any other component, rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis patients with abnormal renal function, Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gum hyperplasia, uncontrolled hypertension, malignancies, hypertension, neurotoxicity, convulsions, uncontrolled infections in rheumatoid arthritis increased malignancy risk, tremor, patients, primary or secondary paraesthesia, hypertrichosis, facial oedema, immunodeficiency in rheumatoid arthritis acne, gingival hypertrophy, hyperkalaemia, fluid patients, psoriasis patients receiving PUVA retention, increased susceptibility to infections, (psoralen plus ultraviolet A) or UVB (ultraviolet gastrointestinal symptoms B) therapy, methotrexate or other immunosuppressants, coal tar, radiation therapy & lactation
Etoposide, statins, vaccines, immunosuppressive drugs except corticosteroids, live vaccines, nephrotoxic drugs, NSAIDs, hepatic enzyme inducers. Increased ciclosporin level by diltiazem, doxycycline, erythromycin, ketoconazole, nicardipine, verapamil, oral contraceptives. Drugs which reduce ciclosporin level are carbamazepine, isoniazid, phenobarbitone, phenytoin and rifampicin. Increased risk of convulsion when used concurrently with highdose methylprednisolone
Ciclosporin 50 mg/ml Injection
Sandimmum
i) Post bone marrow transplant ii) Solid organ transplant
Cimicifuga Racemosa Rhizome Extract 20 mg Tablet
Remifemin
Traditionally used for the relief of hot flushes, sweating, restlessness associated with menopause
Cinnarizine 25 mg Tablet
Stugeron
Vestibular disorders
Hypersensitivity to ciclosporin, or any other component. Rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis patients with abnormal renal function, Liver and renal function, hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension, malignancies, malignancies. Neoral(R) and Sandimmun(R) are uncontrolled infections in rheumatoid arthritis not bioequivalent - dosage adjustments and Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gum hyperplasia, i) 3 - 5 mg/kg/day until tolerate orally ii) 2 - 3 patients, primary or secondary increased monitoring needed. Increased risk for hypertension, neurotoxicity, convulsions, mg/kg/day for recipients who are unable to take orally immunodeficiency in rheumatoid arthritis opportunistic infections such as activation of latent increased malignancy risk patients, psoriasis patients receiving PUVA viral infections including BK virus -associated (psoralen plus ultraviolet A) or UVB (ultraviolet nephropathy B) therapy, methotrexate or other immunosuppressants, coal tar, radiation therapy Menstrual disorder, history of liver disease. Pregnancy and lactation.Should stop taking the product and consult doctor if signs and symptoms Bradycardia, dizziness, headache, tremors, Hypersensitivity to black cohosh, lactation, 20 mg twice daily giddiness, nausea, vomiting hepatotoxicity, skin suggestive of liver injury developed such as pregnancy tiredness, loss of appetite, yellowing of the skin and rash, pruritus eyes or severe upper stomach pain with nausea and vomiting or dark urine Gastrointestinal disturbances, epigastric pain, Pregnancy, Parkinson's disease. May affect ability One tablet 3 times daily Avoid in porphyria nausea and vomiting, tinnitus, lupus to drive or operate machinery erythematosus
Etoposide, statins, vaccines, immunosuppressive drugs except corticosteroids, live vaccines, nephrotoxic drugs, rifampicin, NSAIDs, hepatic enzyme inducers
Azathioprine, ciclosporine, tamoxifen
Alcohol, CNS depressants
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, anorexia, dizziness, headache, tiredness, agitation, trembling, insomnia, peripheral paralgesia, sweating, unsteady gait, convulsions, increase in intracranial pressure, anxiety states, nightmares, confusion, depression, hallucinations, impaired taste and smell, visual disturbances, tinnitus, transitory impairment of hearing, especially at high frequencies, skin reactions Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, anorexia, dizziness, headache, tiredness, agitation, trembling, insomnia, peripheral paralgesia, sweating, unsteady gait, convulsions, increase in intracranial pressure, anxiety states, nightmares, confusion, depression, hallucinations, impaired taste and smell, visual disturbances, tinnitus, transitory impairment of hearing, especially at high frequencies, skin reactions Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, anorexia, dizziness, headache, tiredness, agitation, trembling, insomnia, peripheral paralgesia, sweating, unsteady gait, convulsions, increase in intracranial pressure, anxiety states, nightmares, confusion, depression, hallucinations, impaired taste & smell, visual disturbances, tinnitus, transitory impairment of hearing, especially at high frequencies, skin reactions Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, anorexia, dizziness, headache, tiredness, agitation, trembling, insomnia, peripheral paralgesia, sweating, unsteady gait, convulsions, increase in intracranial pressure, anxiety states, nightmares, confusion, depression, hallucinations, impaired taste & smell, visual disturbances, tinnitus, transitory impairment of hearing, especially at high frequencies, skin reactions
Contraindications
Interactions
Ciprofloxacin 100 mg/50 ml Injection Ciprobay
Treatment of infections due to susceptible bacterial strains
ADULT uncomplicated infections:200 mg/day; acute gonorrhoea and acute uncomplicated cystitis in women can be treated with a single infusion of 100 mg.Other infections: 400-800 mg/day
Epilepsy, CNS disorder, liver damage, renal impairment. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight
Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones. Children, adolescents, pregnancy and lactation
Theophylline, iron, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, sulcralfate, antacids, probenecid, NSAIDs, antineoplastics, immunosuppressants, cyclosporin, warfarin, glibenclamide, metoclopramide and other prokinetic drugs
Ciprofloxacin 200 mg/100 ml Injection Ciprobay
ADULT uncomplicated infections:200 mg/day; acute gonorrhoea and acute uncomplicated cystitis in women can be treated with a single infusion of 100 mg.Other infections: 400-800 mg/day
Epilepsy, CNS disorder, liver damage, renal impairment. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight
Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones. Children, adolescents, pregnancy and lactation
Theophylline, iron, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, sulcralfate, antacids, probenecid, NSAIDs, antineoplastics, immunosuppressants, cyclosporin, warfarin, glibenclamide, metoclopramide and other prokinetic drugs
Ciprofloxacin 250 mg Tablet
Ciprobay
ADULT: 125-750 mg twice daily. Acute gonorrhoea: a Epilepsy, CNS disorder, liver damage, renal single dose of 250 mg impairment. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight
Theophylline, iron, magnesium, aluminium, Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other calcium, sulcralfate, antacids, probenecid, quinolones. Children, adolescents, pregnancy & NSAIDs, antineoplastics, immunosuppressants, lactation cyclosporin, warfarin, glibenclamide, metoclopramide and other prokinetic drugs
Ciprofloxacin 500 mg Tablet
Ciprobay
ADULT: 125-750 mg twice daily. Acute gonorrhoea: a Epilepsy, CNS disorder, liver damage, renal single dose of 250 mg impairment. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight
Theophylline, iron, magnesium, aluminium, Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other calcium, sulcralfate, antacids, probenecid, quinolones. Children, adolescents, pregnancy & NSAIDs, antineoplastics, immunosuppressants, lactation cyclosporin, warfarin, glibenclamide, metoclopramide and other prokinetic drugs
Ciprofloxacin HCl 0.3% Ophthalmic Solution
Ciloxan
i) For corneal ulcer ii) For bacterial conjunctivitis
i) 2 drops every 15 minutes for first 6 hours, then 2 drops every 30 minutes for the rest of the day. Second day : 2 drops every hour. Subsequent days (3rd - 14th day) : 2 drops every 4 hours. ii) 1 - 2 drops 2 hourly into the conjunctival sac while awake for 2 days and 12 drops 4 hourly while awake for the next 5 days Germ cell tumours: 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days every 3 weeks for 3 - 4 courses. Ovarian tumours: 75 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks as part of combination therapy or 100 mg/m2 IV once every 3 weeks as a single agent. Baseline creatinine clearance, pretreatment hydration and forced diuresis are mandatory. CHILD: 100mg/m2 over 6 hours once every 3 weeks. Lymphomas: Refer to protocols Germ cell tumours: 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days every 3 weeks for 3 - 4 courses. Ovarian tumours: 75 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks as part of combination therapy or 100 mg/m2 IV once every 3 weeks as a single agent. Baseline creatinine clearance, pretreatment hydration and forced diuresis are mandatory. CHILD: 100mg/m2 over 6 hours once every 3 weeks. Lymphomas: Refer to protocols i) 250 - 500 mg twice daily. Up to 6 - 14 days ii) 500 mg twice daily with omeprazole & amoxicillin. Up to 2 weeks
Prolonged use may result in overgrowth of Local burning or discomfort, itching, lid oedema, nonsusceptible organisms. Discontinue use at first History of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or tearing, white crystalline precipitates which appearance of skin rash or other sign of other quinolones resolve hypersensitivity reactions. Children less than 1 year Acute renal failure, chronic renal insufficiency, myelosuppression, severe nausea and vomiting, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, electrolyte disturbances (eg hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), bone marrows and ears, seizures, loss of hearing, deafness or vestibular toxicity Acute renal failure, chronic renal insufficiency, myelosuppression, severe nausea and vomiting, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, electrolyte disturbances (eg hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), bone marrows and ears, seizures, loss of hearing, deafness or vestibular toxicity Nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain & diarrhoea. Headache & skin rash. Reversible hearing loss. Alteration of sense of smell with taste perversion. Glossitis, stomatitis, oral monilia, tongue discoloration, tooth discoloration (reversible)
Not known
Cisplatin (Cis-Platinum) 10 mg Injection
Platinul
Germ cell tumours, ovarian tumours, adult solid tumours, lymphomas
Monitor blood counts, renal and neurologic function. Protect from light. Materials used to prepare/administer cisplatin should not contain aluminium. Mandatory pre-hydration and posthydration with mannitol diuresis
Hypersensitivity to cisplatin/platinum-containing products, pre-exisiting renal insufficiency, myelosuppression, hearing impairment. Pregnancy, lactation, peripheral neuropathy, severe bone marrow suppression
Sodium thiosulphate, bleomycin. If platinum compound is used with taxane, to be given after taxane, live vaccine, azidamfenicol, aminoglycosides
Cisplatin (Cis-Platinum) 50 mg Injection
Platinul
Germ cell tumours, ovarian tumours, adult solid tumours, lymphomas
Monitor blood counts, renal and neurologic function. Protect from light. Materials used to prepare/administer cisplatin should not contain aluminium. Mandatory pre-hydration and posthydration with mannitol diuresis
Hypersensitivity to cisplatin/platinum-containing products, pre-exisiting renal insufficiency, myelosuppression, hearing impairment. Pregnancy, lactation, peripheral neuropathy, severe bone marrow suppression
Sodium thiosulphate, bleomycin. If platinum compound is used with taxane, to be given after taxane, live vaccine, azidamfenicol, aminoglycosides Modest increase of circulating theophylline or carbamazepine levels. May potentiate effects of warfarin or digoxin. May alter metabolism of terfenadine resulting in increased levels of terfenadine. Inhibition of metabolism with ritonavir
Clarithromycin 250 mg Tablet
Klacid
Only for i) treatment of complicated respiratory tract infection not responding to standard macrolides ii) eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
Impaired hepatic function & moderate to severe renal impairment
Known hypersensitivity to macrolides. Patients receiving terfenadine therapy with pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Impaired hepatic function and moderate to severe renal impairment. Absence of proven or strongly suspected infection; increased risk of developing drug-resistant bacteria. Acute porphyria, history of concomitant therapy with ranitidine, bismuth citrate therapy is not recommended Pseudomembranous colitis may occur; consider this diagnosis in patients who develop diarrhea during therapy . Renal impairment, severe; dosage adjustment needed; when CrCl is less than 25 mL/min, concurrent use of ranitidine bismuth citrate is not recommended.
Adverse Reaction
Nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Headache and skin rash. Reversible hearing loss. Alteration of sense of smell with taste perversion. Glossitis, stomatitis, oral monilia, tongue discoloration, tooth discoloration (reversible), liver failure, immune hypersensitivity reaction (severe), anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
Contraindications
Interactions
Clarithromycin 500 mg Injection
Klacid
Only for treatment of complicated respiratory tract infection not responding to standard macrolides
1 g daily in 2 divided doses
Known hypersensitivity to macrolides. Patients receiving terfenadine therapy with pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances. Concomitant cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, terfenadine, ergotamine or dihydroergotamine
Modest increase of circulating theophylline or carbamazepine levels. May potentiate effects of warfarin or digoxin. May alter metabolism of terfenadine resulting in increased levels of terfenadine. Inhibition of metabolism with ritonavir
Clarithromycin Granules 125 mg/5 ml Klacid
Treatment of complicated respiratory tract infections not responding to standard macrolides
Impaired hepatic function and moderate to severe renal impairment. Absence of proven or strongly suspected infection; increased risk of developing drug-resistant bacteria. Acute porphyria, history of CHILD: 8 - 12 years: 30 - 40 kg 10 mL, 4 - 8 years: 20 concomitant therapy with ranitidine, bismuth citrate 29 kg 7.5 mL, 2 - 4 years: 12 - 19 kg 5 mL, 1 - 2 years: therapy is not recommended. Pseudomembranous 8 - 11 kg 2.5 mL, less than 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg. To be colitis may occur; consider this diagnosis in patients given twice daily who develop diarrhea during therapy. Renal impairment, severe; dosage adjustment needed; when CrCl is less than 25 mL/min, concurrent use of ranitidine bismuth citrate is not recommended i) ADULT: 150 - 300 mg every 6 hours; up to 450 mg every 6 hours in severe infections; CHILD: 3 - 6 mg/kg every 6 hours ii) 600 mg 6 hourly for 6 weeks iii) 10mg/kg twice a day, in combination with quinine. The combination to be given for 7 days History of GI disease, especially colitis. Renal or hepatic impairment. Perform periodic liver and kidney function tests with prolonged therapy and in neonates and infants. Discontinue immediately if diarrhoea or colitis develops. Pregnancy and lactation
Nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Headache and skin rash. Reversible hearing loss. Alteration of sense of smell with taste perversion. Glossitis, stomatitis, oral monilia, tongue discoloration, tooth discoloration (reversible), liver failure, immune hypersensitivity reaction (severe), anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis Diarrhoea occasionally with acute colitis (discontinue), abdominal pain, GI upsets, skin reactions, jaundice, hematopoietic changes, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, pruritus, vaginitis
Known hypersensitivity to macrolides. Patients receiving terfenadine therapy with pre-existing cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances. Concomitant cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, terfenadine, ergotamine or dihydroergotamine
Modest increase of circulating theophylline or carbamazepine levels. May potentiate effects of warfarin or digoxin. May alter metabolism of terfenadine resulting in increased levels of terfenadine. Inhibition of metabolism with ritonavir
Clindamycin HCl 300 mg Capsule
Lincocin
i) Skin and soft tissue infections, bone& joint infections ii) Cerebral toxoplasmosis iii) Children less than 8 years old:Treatment and prophylaxis of malaria in combination with quinine, as an alternative to doxycline
Hypersensitivity to clindamycin or lincomycin
Neuromuscular blockers, erythromycin
Clindamycin Phosphate 150 mg/ml Injection
Lincocin
i) Skin and soft tissue infections, bone & joint infections ii) Cerebral toxoplasmosis
i) ADULT: 0.6 - 2.7 g daily (in 2 - 4 divided doses); up to 4.8 g daily; CHILD over 1 month, 15 - 25 mg/kg/day New borns & infants; impaired hepatic or renal or 350 mg/m2/day in 3 - 4 divided doses ii) 1200 mg function; diarrhoea. Patients receiving every 6 hours for 3 weeks followed by 300 mg orally neuromuscular blockers every 6 hours for another 3 weeks Apply sparingly once or twice daily, changing to lower potency therapy as soon as condition is controlled. For mild to moderate use maximum for 2 weeks. For moderate to severe maximum duration 4 consecutive weeks. Max: 50 g/week Apply sparingly once or twice daily, changing to lower potency therapy as soon as condition is controlled. For mild to moderate use maximum for 2 weeks. For moderate to severe maximum duration 4 consecutive weeks. Max:50 g/week Apply up to four times daily until condition improves, then reduce frequency Apply up to four times daily until condition improves, then reduce frequency INFANTS and CHILD: prolonged and continuous use, pregnancy, avoid contact with eyes. Do not use for greater than 2 consecutive weeks or with occlusive dressing INFANT and CHILD: prolonged and continuous use, pregnancy, avoid contact with eyes. Do not use for greater than 2 consecutive weeks or with occlusive dressing
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Cream Dermovate
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Ointment
Dermovate
Short term treatment only of more resistant dermatoses eg. psoriasis, recalcitrant eczemas, lichen planus, discoid lupus erythematosus and other conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less potent steroids Short term treatment only of more resistant dermatoses eg. psoriasis, recalcitrant eczemas, lichen planus, discoid lupus erythematosus and other conditions which do not respond satisfactorily to less potent steroids Eczema and dermatitis of all types
Diarrhoea, occasionally associated with severe colitis, skin reactions, jaundice, haematopoietic changes. Local irritation, pain at IM injection Hypersensitivity to clindamycin or lincomycin. site. Thrombophlebitis may occur with IV Patients with diarrhoea injection. Rarely, cardiopulmonary arrest & hypotension following too rapid IV administration Local atrophic skin changes, hypercorticism, burning, stinging, irritation and adrenal suppression Local atrophic skin changes, hypercorticism, burning, stinging, irritation and adrenal suppression
Neuromuscular blockers, erythromycin
Rosacea, acne vulgaris, skin lesions caused by viral, fungal and bacterial infections. Not known Hypersensitivity to clobetasol or other corticosteroid Rosacea, acne vulgaris, skin lesions caused by viral, fungal and bacterial infections. Not known Hypersensitivity to clobetasol or other corticosteroid Not known
Clobetasone Butyrate 0.05% Cream Eumovate
Infants and children, prolonged and continuous Hypersensitivity to clobetasone or other Skin lesions caused by viral, fungal and use, pregnancy. Discontinue if secondary infection corticosteriods. Transient adrenal suppression. bacterial infections. Hypersensitivity to develops, avoid prolonged application to face Pigmentation changes and hypertrichosis clobetasone or other corticosteroids Infants and children, prolonged and continuous Hypersensitivity to clobetasone or other Skin lesions caused by viral, fungal and use, pregnancy. Discontinue if secondary infection corticosteriods. Transient adrenal suppression. bacterial infections. Hypersensitivity to develops, avoid prolonged application to face Pigmentary changes and hypertrichosis clobetasone or other corticosteroids Hypocalcaemia, gastrointestinal tract History of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia, disturbances, elevated serum creatinine, food may reduce absorption, renal impairment, angioedema, urticaria, proteinuria, pregnancy, lactation. bronchospasm
Clobetasone Butyrate 0.05% Ointment
Eumovate
Eczema and dermatitis of all types
Not known
Clodronate 800 mg Tablet
Bonefos
Treatment of hypercalcaemia due to malignancy
2 tablets in single or two divided doses
Hypersensitivity to Clodronate, bisphosphonate Aminoglicoside, aspirin, NSAIDs, loop diuretics, or any component of the formulation, severe ranitidine, food, antacids and drugs containing gastrointestinal inflammation, renal impairment, Fe, Mg or manganese pregnancy, breast feeding Concurrent use of phenytoin and clofazimine may result in reduced phenytoin serum concentrations and loss of phenytoin efficacy
Clofazimine 100 mg Capsule
Lamprene
i) Previously untreated leprosy patients ii) Leprosy patients resistant to sulphones iii) Suppression of lepra reactions
Clofazimine 50 mg Capsule
Lamprene
i) Previously untreated leprosy patients ii) Leprosy patients resistant to sulphones iii) Suppression of lepra reactions
Avoid treatment if possible in patients with abdominal pains, diarrhoea, liver or kidney damage. Treatment with daily doses more than 100 mg; not to be used for more than 3 months. Persistent diarrhoea or vomiting; patient should be hospitalised. Pregnancy, lactation Avoid treatment if possible in patients with i) ADULT: 100 mg each other day or 50 mg daily after abdominal pains, diarrhoea, liver or kidney food. Maximum: 200 mg/day. CHILD: 1 - 2 mg/kg/day. damage. Treatment with daily doses more than 100 Maximum: 100 mg/day ii) 100 mg daily iii) 200 - 300 mg; not to be used for more than 3 months. mg usually effective. Treatment with minimum Persistent diarrhoea or vomiting; patient should be suppression dose continued for at least 6 months hospitalised. Pregnancy, lactation i) ADULT: 100 mg each other day or 50 mg daily after food. Maximum: 200 mg/day. CHILD: 1 - 2 mg/kg/day. Maximum: 100 mg/day ii) 100 mg daily iii) 200 - 300 mg usually effective. Treatment with minimum suppression dose continued for at least 6 months 50 mg daily from 2nd - 6th or 5th - 9th day of menstrual cycle. Increase dose gradually by increments of 50 mg if there is no response until a dosage of 200 mg daily is achieved
Reversible reddish to dark brown discoloration, non-specific skin reactions, GI effects including Hypersensitivity to clofazimine products eosinophilic enteropathy
Reversible reddish to dark brown discoloration, non-specific skin reactions, GI effects including Hypersensitivity to clofazimine products eosinophilic enteropathy
Concurrent use of phenytoin and clofazimine may result in reduced phenytoin serum concentrations and loss of phenytoin efficacy Danazol can results in inhibition of response to clomifene. Ethinyl estradiol can results in suppression of response to ethinyl estradiol. When used concomitantly with gonadorelin acetate gonadotrophins (FSH), it may increase the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
Clomifene Citrate 50 mg Tablet
Clomid
Anovulatory infertility
Pelvic examination prior to initial treatment, ophthalmological evaluation in patients developing Blurred vision, vasomotor flushing, abdominal visual symptoms, multiple pregnancies can occur, pain and ovarian enlargement (which may be ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and abnormal part of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome) ovarian enlargement may occur
Pregnancy, uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, liver disease, abnormal uterine bleeding, ovarian cysts, organic intracranial lesion
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Initially 10 mg daily, increased gradually as necessary to 30 - 150 mg daily in divided doses or as a single dose at bedtime; max 250 mg daily. ELDERLY initially 10 mg daily increased carefully over approximately 10 days to 30 - 75 mg daily; CHILD not recommended i) ADULT: Initially, 1 mg given at night for 4 nights, gradually increased over 2-4 week. Elderly: 500 mcg. Maintenance: 4-8 mg daily. Maximum dosage: 20 mg/day. CHILD: 5-12 years: Initially, 0.5 mg daily; 1-5 years: 0.25 mg daily. Maintenance (given in 2-4 divided doses): 5-12 years: 3-6 mg daily; 1-5 years: 13 mg daily; infants: 0.5-1 mg daily. Maximum 200 mcg/kg/day. ii) ADULT: Initially, 250 mcg twice daily, increased after 3 days up to 1 mg daily. Max: 4 mg daily
Precautions
Heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, disturbance of cardiac conduction, low blood pressure, impaired liver function, impaired renal function, seizure disorder Avoid abrupt withdrawal, renal insufficiency, respiratory disease, acute intermittent porphyria, uncontrolled open angle glaucoma, elderly, pregnancy, lactation, may exacerbate tonic seizures. Patients with spinal or cerebellar ataxia, acute alcohol or drug intoxification, severe liver damage, sleep apnoea, renal and hepatic diseases. History of depression and or suicide attempts. Simultaneous use of other anti-epileptics. Avoid driving and operating machinery
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
May diminish antihypertensive effect of adrenergic neuron inhibitors, class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, anticholinergics, beta 2 agonists, cimetidine, lithium, MAOIs, antipsychotics, phenytoin, SSRIs, indirect/mixed sympathomimetics Alcohol may reduce the efficacy of treatment or produce unexpected side effects. Increases phenytoin or primidone concentrations. Combination with valproate may cause petit mal status epilepticus. Amiodarone, carbamazepine, theophylline. Barbiturates, hydantoins, carbamazepine, other centrally-acting drugs, alcohol
Clomipramine HCI 25 mg Tablet
Anafranil
Depressive illness, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Anticholinergic reactions, cardiovascular effects, insomnia, increase anxiety, skin rashes, Hypersensitivity to drug, concomitant/recent use dizziness, somnolence, headache, constipation, of MAOIs, recent myocardial infarction, urinary fatigue, nausea, sweating, dyspepsia, libido retention, glaucoma, phaeochromocytoma changes, seizures
Clonazepam 0.5 mg Tablet
Rivotril
i) Epilepsy ii) Non-epileptic myoclonus
Clonazepam 2 mg Tablet
Rivotril
i) Epilepsy ii) Non-epileptic myoclonus
Drowsiness, ataxia, aggravation of seizure, fatigue, dizziness. Tiredness, sleepiness, lassitude, muscular hypotonia, muscle weakness, light-headedness, ataxia, slowed reaction, poor concentration, restlessness, confusion, agitation, excitability, irritability, disorientation, anterograde amnesia, depression. Increased production of saliva or bronchial secretions in infants and young children, coordination disturbances, vertigo, anorexia, visual disturbances, libido changes Drowsiness, ataxia, aggravation of seizure, i) ADULT: Initially, 1 mg given at night for 4 nights, Avoid abrupt withdrawal, renal insufficiency, fatigue, dizziness. Tiredness, sleepiness, gradually increased over 2-4 week. Elderly: 500 mcg. respiratory disease, acute intermittent porphyria, lassitude, muscular hypotonia, muscle Maintenance: 4-8 mg daily. Maximum dosage: 20 uncontrolled open angle glaucoma, elderly, weakness, light-headedness, ataxia, slowed mg/day. CHILD: 5-12 years: Initially, 0.5 mg daily; 1-5 pregnancy, lactation, may exacerbate tonic reaction, poor concentration, restlessness, years: 0.25 mg daily. Maintenance (given in 2-4 seizures. Patients with spinal or cerebellar ataxia, confusion, agitation, excitability, irritability, divided doses): 5-12 years: 3-6 mg daily; 1-5 years: 1- acute alcohol or drug intoxification, severe liver disorientation, anterograde amnesia, 3 mg daily; infants: 0.5-1 mg daily. Maximum 200 damage, sleep apnoea, renal and hepatic diseases. depression. Increased production of saliva or mcg/kg/day. ii) ADULT: Initially, 250 mcg twice daily, History of depression and or suicide attempts. bronchial secretions in infants and young increased after 3 days up to 1 mg daily. Max: 4 mg Simultaneous use of other anti-epileptics. Avoid children, coordination disturbances, vertigo, daily driving and operating machinery anorexia, visual disturbances, libido changes Rapid detoxification in 4-5 days (use with naltrexone): 6 mcg/kg ORALLY divided in 3 doses 6 to 8 hours apart the first day, increasing to 11 mcg/kg divided in 3 doses given day two, tapering to 0.6 mcg/kg the third day. Rapid opioid detoxification for 7 days ( use with naltrexone) : 0.1 to 0.2 mg every 4 hours as needed Cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal failure, conduction disturbances, myocardial infarction, obstetric, post-partum or peri-operative pain management Rebound hypertension, atrioventricular block, bradycardia, hypotension, depression, psychotic reactions, drowsiness, fatigue, irritability, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, sexual dysfunction, hepatotoxicity and cutaneous reactions
Hypersensitivity to clonazepam products and benzodiazepines, severe liver disease, narrow angle glaucoma, respiratory depression, acute pulmonary insufficiency
Hypersensitivity to clonazepam products and benzodiazepines, severe liver disease, narrow angle glaucoma, respiratory depression, acute pulmonary insufficiency
Alcohol may reduce the efficacy of treatment or produce unexpected side effects. Increases phenytoin or primidone concentrations. Combination with valproate may cause petit mal status epilepticus. Amiodarone, carbamazepine, theophylline. Barbiturates, hydantoins, carbamazepine, other centrally-acting drugs, alcohol Acebutolol, betaxolol, carvedilol , labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol : exaggerated clonidine withdrawal response (acute hypertension). Ciclosporin: increased risk of ciclosporin toxicity (renal dysfunction, cholestasis, paraesthesias). Dothiepin: decreased antihypertensive effectiveness. Naloxone : hypertension
Clonidine HCl 0.025 mg Tablet
Catapres
Rapid opiod detoxification combination use with naltrexone
Anticoagulant therapy (epidural dosing), bleeding site,hypersensitivity to clonidine or adhesive components
Clopidogrel 75 mg Tablet
Plavix
Prevention of myocardial infarct, stroke or established peripheral arterial disease. As second/third line 75 mg once daily treatment in patients who are sensitive to acetylsalicylic acid & intolerant to ticlopidine
Avoid for first few days after MI and for 7 days after ischaemic stroke; not recommended in unstable angina, coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; patients at risk of increased bleeding from trauma, surgery or other pathological conditions; discontinue 7 days before elective surgery if antiplatelet effect not desirable, liver impairment, renal impairment, pregnancy. Based on literature data, patients with genetically reduced CYP2C19 function (intermediate or poor metabolisers) have lower systemic exposure to the active metabolite of clopidogrel and diminished antiplatelet responses, and generally exhibit higher cardiovascular events rates following myocardial infarction than do patients with normal CYP2C19 function
GI bleeding, purpura, bruising haematoma, epistaxis, haematuria, ocular haemorrhage, intra cranial bleeding, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gastritis & constipation, rash, pruritus
Active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer & intracranial haemorrhage, breast feeding
Cytochrome P450 effect. Amiodarone, cisapride, ciclosporin, diltiazem, irbesartan, losartan, oral hypoglycemics, paclitaxel, phenytoin, quinidine, sildenafil, tamoxifen, verapamil, warfarin, aspirin, heparin, thrombolytics, NSAIDs, atorvastatin, erythromycin, clarithromycin. Concomitant use of the drugs that inhibit CYP2C19 should be discouraged
Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A 100 units
Botox
i) Focal dystonias ii) Hemifacial spasm iii) Spasticity including cerebral palsy
20 - 200 units 3 months once
Anaphylaxis and corneal exposure.Subclinical or clinical evidence of marked defective neuromuscular transmission
Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A 500 units
Dysport
i) Focal dystonias ii) Hemifacial spasm iii) Spasticity including cerebral palsy
20 - 200 units 3 months once
Anaphylaxis and corneal exposure. Subclinical or clinical evidence of marked defective neuromuscular transmission
Clotrimazole 1% Cream Clotrimazole 1% Ear Drop Clotrimazole 1% Solution
Canesten Candid Ear Drops Canesten
Rub in gently onto affected and surrounding skin 2 or Contact with eyes and mucous menbranes should 3 times daily continuing for about 2 weeks beyond the be avoided dissapearance of all symptoms Otomycosis; concomitant therapy with antibiotics and Perforated eardrums, otitis media, pegnancy and 4 to 5 drops 3 to 4 times daily corticosteroid ear drops lactation Cutaneous candidiasis, Tinea corporis, Tinea cruris, Tinea pedis and Tinea versicolor Cutaneous candidiasis, tinea orporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis and tinea versicolor Apply gently onto affected and surrounding skin area 2 or 3 times daily continuing for 2-4 weeks Infant and child: not to use more than once daily
Misplaced injections may paralyse nearby muscle groups and excessive doses may paralyse distant muscle, influenza-like syndrome. Exacerbation of existing eyelid abnormalities, ptosis, diplopia, spread of the paralytic effect to mid-facial muscles, keratitis, dry eyes, minor bruising, lid swelling, burning sensation, dysphagia Misplaced injections may paralyse nearby muscle groups and excessive doses may paralyse distant muscle, influenza-like syndrome. Exacerbation of existing eyelid abnormalities, ptosis, diplopia, spread of the paralytic effect to mid-facial muscles, keratitis, dry eyes, minor bruising, lid swelling, burning sensation, dysphagia Skin reactions, contact dermatitis, pruritis local irritation
Generalised disorders of muscle activity eg. myasthenia gravis, bleeding disorders, pregnancy and breast feeding
Effects enhanced by aminoglycosides and nondepolarizing muscle relaxant
Generalised disorders of muscle activity eg. myasthenia gravis, bleeding disorders, pregnancy and breast feeding
Effects enhanced by aminoglycosides and nondepolarizing muscle relaxant
Hypersensitivity to clotrimazole Hypersensitive to clotrimazole
Not known Not known Not known Concurrent use with betamethasone may result in increased susceptibility to skin infection or enhanced organism growth. Concurrent use with tacrolimus may increase plasma concentration of tacrolimus and cause toxicity (nephrotoxicity, hyperglycaemia, hyperkalaemia), fentanyl
Stinging, skin rash, blistering, burning, peeling, Hypersensitivity to any component redness or other sign of skin irritation not present before using this medicine
Clotrimazole 200 mg Vaginal Tablet
Vaginal candidiasis
200 mg once daily, preferably at bedtime for three consecutive days
Monitor hepatic function in patients with preLocal irritation or skin reaction and mild burning, existing hepatic impairment, not for ophthalmic use nausea, vomiting, troches, increased liver Hypersensitivity to Clotrimazole and vaginal use in pregnant patients should be enzymes supervised by a physician
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Concurrent use with betamethasone may result in increased susceptibility to skin infection or enhanced organism growth. Concurrent use with tacrolimus may increase plasma concentration of tacrolimus and cause toxicity (nephrotoxicity, hyperglycaemia, hyperkalaemia), fentanyl Probenecid impairs renal excretion. Decreases anticoagulant effect Probenecid impairs renal excretion. Decreases anticoagulant effect Allopurinol, chloramphenicol. Probenecid impairs renal excretion. Anticoagulant effect is decreased. Tetracycline, oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives Allopurinol, chloramphenicol. Probenecid impairs renal excretion. Anticoagulant effect is decreased. Tetracycline, oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives
Clotrimazole 500 mg Vaginal Tablet
Vaginal candidiasis
500 mg as a single one-time dose
Monitor hepatic function in patients with preLocal irritation or skin reaction and mild burning, existing hepatic impairment, not for ophthalmic use nausea, vomiting, troches, increased liver Hypersensitivity to clotrimazole and vaginal use in pregnant patients should be enzymes supervised by a physician Hypersensitivity to cloxacillin products/penicillins Hypersensitivity to cloxacillin products/penicillins
Cloxacillin Sodium 125 mg/5 ml Suspension Cloxacillin Sodium 250 mg Capsule
Orbenin
Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections, notably penicillinase-producing staphylococci Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections, notably penicillinase-producing staphylococci Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections, notably penicillinase-producing staphylococci infections Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections, notably penicillinase-producing staphylococci infections
Orbenin
Cloxacillin Sodium 250 mg Injection
Orbenin
Cloxacillin Sodium 500 mg Injection
Orbenin
Renal impairment. Neonates born to mothers hypersensitive to penicillin. Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins ADULT: 250 - 500 mg every 6 hours. CHILD: 2 - 10 Renal impairment. Neonates born of mothers years: 250 mg 4 times daily; less than 2 years: 125 mg hypersensitive to penicillin. Hypersensitivity to 4 times daily cephalosporins ADULT: 250 to 500 mg every 6 hours depending on History of asthma or allergic-type reactions to other type and severity of infection. CHILD less than 20 kg: medications, overgrowth of nonsusceptible 25 to 50 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses every 6 organisms hours ADULT: 250 to 500 mg every 6 hours depending on History of asthma or allergic-type reactions to other type and severity of infection. CHILD less than 20 kg: medications, overgrowth of nonsusceptible 25 to 50 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses every 6 organisms hours CHILD 2 - 10 years: 250 mg 6 hourly, less than 2 years: 125 mg 6 hourly Patients who are elderly, cachectic, or have serious underlying medical illnesses; cardiovascular and or pulmonary disease; discontinue treatment if myocarditis is suspected; history of seizures; history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome; rapid escalation of dose, prostatic hypertrophy, hypotension, impaired renal or liver function, seizure disorder, hyperglycemia and diabetes Initial dose : 12.5 mg ( once or twice ) daily, increase mellitus. WBC & absolute neutrophil counts (weekly slowly in steps of 25 - 50 mg up to 300 mg daily within during the 1st 18 week, at least monthly thereafter) 2 - 3 weeks. Maximum 900 mg/day can be performed, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia. Concurrent use of drugs with a substantial potential to depress bone marrow function & of long-acting depot antipsychotics should be avoided. Caution when patients drive vehicles or operate machinery. Narrow-angle glaucoma, chronic constipation, , lactation, pregnancy. Monitoring of standing & supine BP is necessary during the 1st few week of treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease Patients who are elderly, cachectic, or have serious underlying medical illnesses; cardiovascular and or pulmonary disease; discontinue treatment if myocarditis is suspected; history of seizures; history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome; rapid escalation of dose, prostatic hypertrophy, hypotension, impaired renal or liver function, seizure disorder, hyperglycemia and diabetes Initial dose : 12.5 mg ( once or twice ) daily, increase mellitus. WBC & absolute neutrophil counts (weekly slowly in steps of 25 - 50 mg up to 300 mg daily within during the 1st 18 week, at least monthly thereafter) 2 - 3 weeks. Maximum 900 mg/day can be performed, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia. Concurrent use of drugs with a substantial potential to depress bone marrow function & of long-acting depot antipsychotics should be avoided. Caution when patients drive vehicles or operate machinery. Narrow-angle glaucoma, chronic constipation, , lactation, pregnancy. Monitoring of standing & supine BP is necessary during the 1st few week of treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease Apply to the affected areas Avoid eyes, mucosa, genital, rectal areas, broken or inflammed skin Avoid contact with eye, mucous membranes or broken skin
Occasional rashes, GI upsets, anaphylaxis
Occasional rashes, GI upsets, anaphylaxis
Fever, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis Fever, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity to cloxacillin or penicillins
Hypersensitivity to cloxacillin or penicillins
Clozapine 100 mg Tablet
Clozaril
Treatment of resistant schizophrenia
Hyperglycemia, agranulocytosis, sedation, salivation, cardiovascular effects, dizziness / vertigo, seizures, drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, dry mouth, jaundice, leucopenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, anticholinergic toxicity, hepatitis, hypotension, syncope, constipation, tremor, weight gain, tachycardia, hypersalivation. Eosinophilia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, convulsions, ECG changes, circulatory collapse, arrhythmias, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, thromboembolism, aspiration of ingested food, intestinal obstruction, ileus, faecal impaction, hepatitis, pancreatitis, fulminant hepatic necrosis, interstitial nephritis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, unexplained sudden death
Severe hepatic and renal impairment, myeloproliferative disorders, uncontrolled epilepsy, pregnancy, lactation, coma, hypersensitivity to clozapine products, myocarditis with clozapine history, agranulocytosis with clozapine history (except due to previous chemotherapy), WBC less than 3500, GI/GU obstruction, narrow angle glaucoma, CNS depression
Tramadol, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, erythromycin, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, rifampicin, cimetidine, benzodiazepines, other antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, valproic acid derivatives. Alcohol, MAOIs, CNS depressants, narcotics, antihistamines, anticholinergic drugs, antihypertensive agents, adrenaline, drugs with resp depressant effects, omeprazole, cimetidine, carbamazepine, SSRIs, lithium, azole antimycotics, protease inhibitors, caffeine, nicotine
Clozapine 25 mg Tablet
Clozaril
Treatment of resistant schizophrenia
Hyperglycemia, agranulocytosis, sedation, salivation, cardiovascular effects, dizziness / vertigo, seizures, drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, dry mouth, jaundice, leucopenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, anticholinergic toxicity, hepatitis, hypotension, syncope, constipation, tremor, weight gain, tachycardia, hypersalivation. Eosinophilia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, convulsions, ECG changes, circulatory collapse, arrhythmias, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, thromboembolism, aspiration of ingested food, intestinal obstruction, ileus, faecal impaction, hepatitis, pancreatitis, fulminant hepatic necrosis, interstitial nephritis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, unexplained sudden death
Severe hepatic and renal impairment, myeloproliferative disorders, uncontrolled epilepsy, pregnancy, lactation, coma, hypersensitivity to clozapine products, myocarditis with clozapine history, agranulocytosis with clozapine history (except due to previous chemotherapy), WBC less than 3500, GI/GU obstruction, narrow angle glaucoma, CNS depression
Tramadol, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, erythromycin, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, rifampicin, cimetidine, benzodiazepines, other antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, valproic acid derivatives. Alcohol, MAOIs, CNS depressants, narcotics, antihistamines, anticholinergic drugs, antihypertensive agents, adrenaline, drugs with resp depressant effects, omeprazole, cimetidine, carbamazepine, SSRIs, lithium, azole antimycotics, protease inhibitors, caffeine, nicotine
Coal Tar 1- 6 % in Betamethasone 17 - Valerate 0.01 % Ointment Coal Tar 1-9% Ointment
Dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis Dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis. Used as a mild astringent for the skin, as a soothing and protective application in eczema and as a protective to slight excoriation
Dermatitis, folliculitis Skin ulcerations, hypersensitivity reactions including contact dermatitis. The use of ultraviolet light and coal tar may produce or aggravate folliculitis, erythema and a smarting Skin ulcerations, hypersensitivity reactions including allergic contact dermatitis, aggravations of status varicosus. The use of ultraviolet light and coal tar may produce or aggravate herpes lesions keratocystomatosis, folliculitis, erythema and a smarting Local irritation Can cause addiction, arrythmia, palpitation, central nervous system stimulation, syncope, seizure, coronary arteriosclerosis
Hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients
Not known
Apply sparingly to the affected area 1-3 times daily starting with low strength preparations
Absence of beneficial use when used previously. Presence of folliculitis and acne vulgaris. Active or inflammed psoriasis, weeping Not known eczema, erythrodermic and generalized pustular psoriasis, photosensitivity Presence of folliculitis and acne vulgaris. Active or inflammed psoriasis, weeping eczema, Not known erythrodermic and generalized pustular psoriasis, photosensitivity
Coal Tar 20% Solution
Dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis
Use 100 ml in a bath
Do not apply to acutely inflammed skin. Avoid contact with eyes and do not apply coal tar preparations (other than bath emulsions) to genital or rectal areas Avoid contact with eyes, mucous membranes or broken skin. Avoid exposure to sun or strong artificial light. Should not be used for acute or pustular psoriasis or on inflammed skin. It stains skin, hair, some fabrics, plastics, and enamel
Coal Tar and Salicylic Acid (various concentrations) Ointment
Dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis To produce local anaesthesia or vasoconstriction during endoscopic nasal surgery, turbinectomy septoplasty, polypectomy etc
Apply to the affected areas
Skin infection
Not known
Cocaine 10% Solution
Maximum total dose recommended for application to the nasal mucosa in healthy adult is 1.5 to 2 mg/kg of Avoid in porphyria and direct sunlight a 10% cocaine solution
Never given by injection due to its marked sympathomimetic effcts
Interacts with some drugs and can cause arrhythmia.
Generic Name
Cocois Co. Ointment -
Trade Name
Indications
Scalp psoriasis and severe seborrhoeic dermatitis
Dosage Form
Rub a small amount into the scalp gently
Precautions
Avoid eyes, mucosa, genital, rectal areas, broken or inflammed skin
Adverse Reaction
Dermatitis, folliculitis
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients
Interactions
Not known Reversible malabsorption of Vit B12, action inhibited by acidifying agents & enhanced by alkalinizing agents, cyclosporin, erythromycin. Response to CNS depressants and sympathomimetics may increase when used concurrently with colchicine. Increased risk of myopathy when used concurrently with simvastatin. Potential risk of severe drug interactions, including death in certain patients treated with colchicine and concomitant Pglycoprotein or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors such as clarithromycin, ciclosporin, erythromycin, calcium channel antagonists (verapamil, diltiazem), telithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, HIV protease inhibitors and nefazodone. P-glycoprotein or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors are not to be used in patients with renal or hepatic impairment who are taking cochicine. A dose reduction or interruption of colchicine treatment should be considered in patients with normal renal and hepatic function if treatment with a P-glycoprotein or a strong CYP3A4 inhibitors required. Avoid consuming grapefruit and grapefruit juice while using colchicine
Colchicine 0.5 mg Tablet
i) Initial dose, 0.5-1.2 mg, then 0.5-0.6 mg every hour until relief of pain is obtained or vomiting or diarrhoea i) Acute gout and prophylaxis of recurrent gout. ii) occurs (Maximum : 8 mg). The course should not be Leucocytoclastic Vasculitis either cutaneous or Pregnancy, lactation, children and elderly, GI repeated within 3 days. Prevention of attacks during systemic involvement, Behcet's syndrome, Urticarial disease, cardiac, renal and hepatic impairment. initial treatment with allopurinol or uricosuric drugs: 0.5 vasculitis, Systemic sclerosis, Sweet's syndrome and Prolonged therapy not recommended mg 1-3 times daily. ii) 0.5 mg 1-3 times daily depends severe recalcitrant aphthous stomatitis on disease and severity, up to a maximum of 3 mg/day
Bone marrow depression with aplastic anaemia, peripheral neuritis, myopathy, hair loss, gastrointestinal disturbances, epigastric pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, rashes, renal and hepatic damage in excessive doses. Rarely peripheral neuritis, myopathy, alopecia and with chronic therapy blood disorders like agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia
Serious GI, renal, hepatic & cardiac disorders and those with blood dyscrasias, hypersensitivity to colchicine, children under 2 years old, pregnancy, debilitated patients, SC/IM administration
Colloidal Bismuth Subcitrate 120 mg De-Nol Tablet
Eradication therapy for Helicobacter Pylori in combination with antibiotics and antisecretory drugs
240 mg twice daily for 1-2 weeks
Concomitant administration of antacids, milk, food, and H2-receptor antagonists may impair efficacy, hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment (potential accumulation and bismuth neurotoxicity), toxicity may occur with prolonged therapy due to sequestration of bismuth
Conjugated Oestrogen 0.625 mg (14 Tablet) & Medroxyprogesterone 5 mg Premelle Cycle 5 with Conjugated Oestrogen 0.625 mg (14 Tablet)
One tablet of conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg tablet Cyclic continuous regular bleed hormone replacement daily on days 1 through 14 and one tablet of therapy for woman with uterus conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg daily on days 15 through 28
Asthma, epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, cardiac or renal dysfunction, endometrial hyperplasia, metabolic bone diseases, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, gall bladder disease, pancreatitis, lactation. Surgery, liver disorders, enlargement of uterine fibromyomata
Increases in haemoglobin levels, mild reductions in diastolic blood pressure, headache and dizziness, Bismuth encephalopathy; characterized by ataxia, confusion, memory impairment, mood disturbances, myoclonus, hallucinations, seizures, darkens tongue and blackens faeces, nausea, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, elevations in aspartate transaminase levels, acute renal failure, allergic skin rashes Changes in vaginal bleeding pattern and abnormal withdrawal bleeding or flow, breakthrough bleeding, spotting, change in amount of cervical secretion, premenstrual like syndrome, cystitis like syndrome, increase in size of uterine leiomyomata, vaginal candidiasis, amenorrhoea, changes in cervical erosion. Nausea, cholestatic jaundice, changes in appetite, vomiting, abdominal cramps, bloating, increased incidence of gall bladder disease, pancreatitis. Headache, dizziness, mental depression, nervousness, migraine. Increase or decrease in weight, oedema, changes in libido, fatigue, backache, reduced carbohydrate tolerance, aggravation of porphyria, pyrexia, anaphylactoid reactions, anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity to bismuth salts
Concomitant administration of colloidal bismuth subcitrate with antacids may result in preferential chelate formation. The effect of antacids on gastric pH may also affect precipitation of colloidal bismuth subcitrate
Known or suspected pregnancy, including use for missed abortion or as a diagnostic test for pregnancy. Oestrogen or progestin may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Known or suspected cancer of the breast. Known or suspected oestrogendependent neoplasm. Hypersensitivity to conjugated estrogens, medroxyprogesterone Rifampicin may reduce effectiveness. Ethanol (MPA), or any component of the formulation, may also increase the risk of osteoporosis. Folic undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, history acid absorption may be decreased of or current thrombophlebitis or venous thromboembolic disorders (including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism), active or recent (within 1 year) arterial thromboembolic disease (eg, stroke, myocardial infarction), carcinoma of the breast, estrogen-dependent tumor, hepatic dysfunction or disease
Conjugated Oestrogens 0.3 mg Tablet
Premarin
i) Osteoporosis associated with oestrogen deficiency ii) Female hypoestrogenism iii) Vasomotor symptoms i) 0.625 mg daily ii)& iii) 0.3 - 1.25 mg daily associated with oestrogen deficiency or atrophic vaginitis and urethritis
Conjugated Oestrogens 0.625 mg & Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 2.5 mg Tablet
Premelle 2.5
Management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis, atropic vaginitis and atropic urethritis in post menopausal woman with intact uterus
1 tablet daily
Familial hyperlipoproteinaemia, uterine bleeding and mastodynia, uterine fibroids, impaired liver function, fluid retention, hypocalcaemia and renal insufficiency, addition of a progesterone for seven or more days of a cycle of oestrogen administration have reported a lowered incidence of endometrial hyperplasia, gall bladder disease, patient who have been treated for endometrial carcinoma, endometriosis, patient with pre-existing hypertension, fibrocystic disease of the breast, migraine headache, uterine leiomyoma Myocardia infarction, stroke, breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer, pregnancy, gallbladder disease, retinal vascular thrombosis, proptosis, diplopia, migraine, hypercalcaemia, fluid retention, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic impairment, past history of cholestatic jaundice, elevated blood pressure, asthma, epilepsy, hypocalcaemia, hypothyroidism, abnormal uterine bleeding, depression
Nausea, endometrial cancer (postmenopausal), oedema, weight changes, breast changes, headache migraine, steepening of corneal Oestrogen-dependent neoplasia, known or curvature, changes in libido, change in suspected pregnancy, undiagnosed abnormal menstrual flow, vomiting, aggravation of vaginal bleeding porphyria, cholestatic jaundice, alopecia, breakthrough bleeding, spotting, amenorrhoea, bloating, dizziness
Rifampicin may reduce effectiveness
Breast pain, breakthrough bleeding, dysmenorrhea, spotting, breast tenderness or enlargement, discharge, arthralgias, leg cramp, depression, vaginitis, weight changes
Pregnancy, known or suspected cancer of the breast and estrogen dependent neoplasia, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, active Rifampin may reduce effectiveness thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders, liver dysfunction or disease. Active or recent arterial thromboembolic disease
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Familial hyperlipoproteinaemia, uterine bleeding and mastodynia, uterine fibroids, impaired liver function, fluid retention, hypocalcaemia and renal insufficiency, addition of a progesterone for seven or more days of a cycle of oestrogen administration have reported a lowered incidence of endometrial hyperplasia, gall bladder disease, patient who have been treated for endometrial carcinoma, endometriosis, patient with pre-existing hypertension, fibrocystic disease of the breast, migraine headache, uterine leiomyoma
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Conjugated Oestrogens 0.625 mg Tablet
Premarin
i) Osteoporosis ii) Female hypoestrogenism iii) Vasomotor symptoms or atrophic vaginitis and urethritis
i) 0.625 mg daily ii) 0.3 - 1.25 mg daily iii) 0.3 - 1.25 mg daily
Nausea, endometrial cancer (postmenopausal), oedema, weight changes, breast changes, headache migraine, steepening of corneal Oestrogen-dependent neoplasia, known or curvature, changes in libido, change in suspected pregnancy, undiagnosed abnormal menstrual flow, vomiting, aggravation of vaginal bleeding porphyria, cholestatic jaundice, alopecia, breakthrough bleeding, spotting, amenorrhoea, bloating, dizziness
Rifampicin may reduce effectiveness
Conjugated Oestrogens 0.625 mg/g Cream
Premarin
Atrophic vaginitis and post menopausal atrophic urethritis
Intravaginally or topically 2 - 4 g daily depending on severity of condition. Total dose not exceeding 4 g. Administration should be cyclic, with 3 weeks on conjugated oestrogens and one week off. Oestrogens should be used for the shortest duration possible Systemic absorption may occur. Precautions as for Nausea, abdominal cramp, oedema, rash when treating atrophic vaginitis. Every 3 to 6 months oral premarin should be considered attempts should be made to taper or discontinue therapy and conjugated oestrogens should be titrated to give the lowest possible dosage to control symptoms Abdominal sepsis, previous abdominal surgery or severe inflammatory bowel disease. Dialysis solutions should be warmed to body temperature with dry heat because wet heat carries a risk of microbial contamination Abdominal sepsis, previous abdominal surgery or severe inflammatory bowel disease. Dialysis solutions should be warmed to body temperature with dry heat because wet heat carries a risk of microbial contamination Abdominal sepsis, previous abdominal surgery or severe inflammatory bowel disease. Dialysis solutions should be warmed to body temperature with dry heat because wet heat carries a risk of microbial contamination
Oestrogen dependent neoplasia, known or suspected pregnancy, undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, thromboembolic disorders, Not known neuro-ophthalmologic vascular disease, breast cancer (except metastatic disease therapy)
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Solution containing 1.5% Dextrose
For chronic renal diseases requiring dialysis and acute therapy-resistance renal failure eg. prior to transfer to a dialysis centre
Dose depending on clinical cases
Peritonitis, hernias, hyperglycaemia, protein malnutrition and catheter complications. Longterm peritoneal dialysis results in progressive Not known structural changes to the peritoneal membrane ultimately resulting in dialysis failure Peritonitis, hernias, hyperglycaemia, protein malnutrition and catheter complications. Longterm peritoneal dialysis results in progressive Not known structural changes to the peritoneal membrane ultimately resulting in dialysis failure Peritonitis, hernias, hyperglycaemia, protein malnutrition and catheter complications. Longterm peritoneal dialysis results in progressive Not known structural changes to the peritoneal membrane ultimately resulting in dialysis failure
Copper 250 mm2 Intrauterine Device Multiload MLCu
Contraception
One unit intrauterine device to be inserted into the uterine cavity on the last day of the menstrual flow or in the first days afterwards. It is advised that the Multiload Cu 250 devices are replaced every 3 years
Copper 375 mm2 Intrauterine Device Multiload MLCu
Contraception
One unit intrauterine device to be inserted into the uterine cavity on the last day of the menstrual flow or in the first days afterwards. It is advised that the Multiload Cu 375 devices are replaced every 5 years
Copper Sulphate Crystal
Wounds
The tip of the crystal should be moistened by dipping in water and applied carefully to the lesion
Uterine cramps and or abdominal pain, syncope, bradycardia, other neurovascular episodes during or immediately after insertion Nulliparity, recent history of pelvic inflammatory or removal of intra uterine devices, disease (PID), epilepsy, medical diathermy of breakthrough bleeding, prolongation of abdominal and sacral area, valvular heart disease, menstruation, dysmenorrhoea, back and leg anaemia, severe dysmenorrhoea, uterine scars, pain, dyspareunia, pelvic inflammatory disease endometrial polyps or endometriosis. Treatment (PID), abnormal vaginal discharge, perforated with corticosteroids or NSAIDs uterus or cervix, spontaneous abortion, septicaemia, ectopic pregnancy. Urticarial allergic skin reactions Uterine cramps and or abdominal pain, syncope, bradycardia, other neurovascular episodes during or immediately after insertion Nulliparity, recent history of pelvic inflammatory or removal of intra uterine devices, disease (PID), epilepsy, medical diathermy of breakthrough bleeding, prolongation of abdominal and sacral area, valvular heart disease, menstruation, dysmenorrhoea, back and leg anaemia, severe dysmenorrhoea, uterine scars, pain, dyspareunia, pelvic inflammatory disease endometrial polyps or endometriosis. Treatment (PID), abnormal vaginal discharge, perforated with corticosteroids or NSAIDs uterus or cervix, spontaneous abortion, septicaemia, ectopic pregnancy. Urticarial allergic skin reactions Severe irritant contact dermatitis and may produce systemic toxicity, especially if applied Skin exposure may result in severe irritation to injured skin as occurred when copper sulfate was previously used in burn treatment Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage gradually Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness, peptic ulcer
Drug with low molecular weight, high water solubility, low volume of distribution, low protein binding and high renal clearance are most extensively removed by dialysis e.g. aminoglycosides. Dialysis-induced changes in fluids and electrolytes Drug with low molecular weight, high water solubility, low volume of distribution, low protein binding and high renal clearance are most extensively removed by dialysis e.g. aminoglycosides. Dialysis-induced changes in fluids and electrolytes Drug with low molecular weight, high water solubility, low volume of distribution, low protein binding and high renal clearance are most extensively removed by dialysis e.g. aminoglycosides. Dialysis-induced changes in fluids and electrolytes
Pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy or predisposing factors, malformations or distortions of uterus or cervix, active pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), presence or history of venereal disease, Not known infected abortion within 3 months, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, coagulopathy, treatment with anticoagulant, disorders of copper-related
Pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy or predisposing factors, malformations or distortions of uterus or cervix, active pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), presence or history of venereal disease, Not known infected abortion within 3 months, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, coagulopathy, treatment with anticoagulant, disorders of copper-related
Dermal hypersensitivity reactions
Not known Concurrent use with phenobarbital and phenytoin may result in decreased corticosteriods effectiveness. Concurrent use with aspirin may result in an increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and subtherapeutic aspirin serum concentration
Cortisone Acetate 5 mg Tablet
Cortef
For salt losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia in newborn and paediatric patients
20-30 mg/m2 daily. Doses may be divided with twothirds in the morning and one-third late in the afternoon i) and iii) Massage into affected area until the medication is completely absorbed. Repeat as needed. Apply 2 or 3 times daily ii) Apply topically (do not rinse off), apply a second time and leave on skin for 24 - 48 hours. For resistant scabies, treatment (2 applications at 24 hour interval) may be repeated after 1 week
Hypersensitivity, systemic fungal infection
Crotamiton 10 % Cream
Eurax
i) Pruritus ii) Scabies iii) Insect bite reactions
Avoid contact with eyes, face, mouth and mucous membranes. Pregnancy. Avoid applying to inflamed Local skin irritation or contact allergy skin or raw, oozing skin surfaces. Discontinue use of crotamiton if severe skin irritation develops
Do not apply on nipples when breastfeeding, hypersensitivity to crotamiton
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Cyanocobalamin 0.1 mg Injection
Cyanocobalamin 1 mg Injection
i) Prophylaxis of anaemia: 250-1000 mcg IM every month ii) Uncomplicated pernicious anaemia or Vitamin B12 malabsorption: Initial 100 mcg daily for 5i) Prophylaxis of anaemia ii) Uncomplicated pernicious 10 days followed by 100-200 mcg monthly until anaemia or Vitamin B12 malabsorption complete remission is achieved. Maintenance: 100 mcg monthly. CHILD 30-50 mcg daily for 2 or more weeks (to a total dose of 1-5mg). Maintenance: 100 mcg monthly to sustain remission i) Prophylaxis of anaemia: 250-1000 mcg IM every month ii) Uncomplicated pernicious anaemia or Vitamin B12 malabsorption: Initial 100 mcg daily for 5i) Prophylaxis of anaemia associated with Vitamin B12 10 days followed by 100-200 mcg monthly until deficiency ii) Uncomplicated pernicious anaemia or complete remission is achieved. Maintenance: 100 Vitamin B12 malabsorption mcg monthly. CHILD 30-50 mcg daily for 2 or more weeks (to a total dose of 1-5mg). Maintenance: 100 mcg monthly to sustain remission Vitamin B12 deficiency of dietary origin
Hereditary optic atrophy, vitamin B12 therapy can Diarrhoea, urticaria, pruritus, skin rash, mask folic acid deficiency, hypokalaemia and risk of hypokalaemia, polycythemia vera, volume gastric cancer is higher in patients with pernicious overload anaemia
Hypersensitivity to any component of cyanocobalamin or hydroxycobalamin formulations
Neomycin, aminosalicylic acid, histamine H2 receptor antagonists, colchicine, oral contraceptives, chloramphenicol
Hereditary optic atrophy, vitamin B12 therapy can Diarrhoea, urticaria, pruritus, skin rash, mask folic acid deficiency, hypokalaemia and risk of hypokalaemia, polycythemia vera, volume gastric cancer is higher in patients with pernicious overload anaemia
Cyanocobalamin 50 mcg Tablet
Cyclopentolate 0.2% with Phenylephrine 1% Eye Drops
Cyclomydril
Cyclopentolate 0.5% Eye Drops
Cyclogyl
Cyclopentolate 1% Eye Drops
Cyclogyl
Cyclophosphamide 1 g Injection
Endoxan
Cyclophosphamide 200 mg Injection Endoxan
Cyclophosphamide 50 mg Tablet
Endoxan
Hereditary optic atrophy, vitamin B12 therapy can ADULT 50-150 mcg daily. CHILD 50-105 mcg daily in mask folic acid deficiency, hypokalaemia and risk of 1-3 divided doses gastric cancer is higher in patients with pernicious anaemia The lacrimal sac should be compressed by digital pressure for two to three minutes after instillation to reduce excessive systemic absorption. Down's 1 drop every 5 - 10 minutes; not exceeding three syndrome, angle-closure glaucoma, long-term use. Dilating agent for premature babies times to produce rapid mydriasis. Observe infants Patient may experience sensitivity to light and closely for at least 30 minutes should protect eyes in bright illumination during dilation. Feeding intolerance may follow ophthalmic use of this product in infants 1 to 2 drops of 0.5% to 2% solution in eye(s); may repeat after 5 to 10 minutes if needed. Small INFANT : single instillation of 1 drop of 0.5% solution in the eye; Mydriasis and cycloplegia May impair ability to drive or operate machinery apply pressure to nasolacrimal sac for 2 to 3 minutes; observe infant closely for at least 30 minutes for signs or symptoms of systemic absorption 1 - 2 drops several times a day. Refractory procedures, ADULT : 1 drop of 0.5% solution. CHILD Mydriasis and cycloplegia May impair ability to drive or operate machinery 6 - 12 years : 1 drop of 1% solution. CHILD less than 6 years : 1 - 2 drops of 1% solution i) ADULT: 600 - 750 mg/m2 IV once every 3 weeks as part of combination regime. CHILD: Dose variable depending on disease and protocol. Range 600 mg/m2 to 2 g/m2 infusion over 1 hour to 6 hours (lower doses can be given as bolus). Care with pre and post-hydration. Mesna to be given with doses more than 1 g/m2. Higher doses are used in i) Solid tumours (adult and paediatric), leukaemia, nonhaematopoetic stem cell transplant-refer to specific Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma ii) Severe protocols ii) 750 mg/m2 BSA monthly for 18 months iii) lupus nephritis (Class III and IV) iii) Other systemic Myelosuppression, renal/hepatic impairment, 750 mg/m2 BSA monthly for 6 months. Dose can be vasculitis iv) Systemic lupus erythematosus, elderly patients adjusted up to 1,000 mg/m2 BSA to achieve adequate rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, wegener leucocyte suppression iv) 500 - 1000 mg intravenously granulomatosis v) Pemphigus vulgaris (Regime varies according to indication). Starting dose may be given fortnightly then at monthly intervals followed by 3 monthly intervals v) 500 mg infusion on the 2nd day of the dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulsed regime, the cycle is repeated every 4 weeks up to 6 cycles or till remission followed by oral cyclophosphamide i) ADULT: 600 - 750 mg/m2 IV once every 3 weeks as part of combination regime. CHILD: Dose variable depending on disease and protocol. Range 600 mg/m2 to 2 g/m2 infusion over 1 hour to 6 hours (lower doses can be given as bolus). Care with pre and post-hydration. Mesna to be given with doses more than 1 g/m2. Higher doses are used in i) Solid tumours (adult and paediatric), leukaemia, nonhaematopoetic stem cell transplant-refer to specific Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma ii) Severe protocols ii) 750 mg/m2 BSA monthly for 18 months iii) lupus nephritis (Class III and IV) iii) Other systemic Myelosuppression, renal/hepatic impairment, 750 mg/m2 BSA monthly for 6 months. Dose can be vasculitis iv) Systemic lupus erythematosus, elderly patients adjusted up to 1,000 mg/m2 BSA to achieve adequate rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, wegener leucocyte suppression iv) 500 - 1000 mg intravenously granulomatosis v) Pemphigus vulgaris (Regime varies according to indication). Starting dose may be given fortnightly then at monthly intervals followed by 3 monthly intervals v) 500 mg infusion on the 2nd day of the dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulsed regime, the cycle is repeated every 4 weeks up to 6 cycles or till remission followed by oral cyclophosphamide i) Solid tumours, leukaemia, lymphoma, autoimmune i) ADULT: 50 - 100 mg/day. Monitor full blood count disorders, autoimmune bullous diseases, connective (FBC), liver function, urine microscopy and renal tissue disease, pyoderma gangrenosum ii) For severe function. CHILD, up to 1 year: 10 - 20 mg daily, 1 - 5 Myelosuppression, renal/hepatic impairment, lupus nephritis (Class III & IV), systemic vasculitis and years: 30 - 50 mg daily, 6 - 12 years: 50 - 100 mg elderly patients steroid resistant/dependent nephrotic syndrome iii) daily ii) 2 mg/kg/day for 3 - 4 months iii) 1 - 1.5 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid mg/kg/day orally in divided doses arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, wegener granulomatosis
Diarrhoea, urticaria, pruritus, skin rash, hypokalaemia, polycythemia vera, volume overload. Increased intraocular pressure, psychotic reactions and behavioural disturbances in children, burning/irritation upon instillation, photophobia, blurred vision and superficial punctate keratitis, ataxia, incoherent speech, restlessness, hallucinations, hyperactivity, seizures, disorientation as to time and place, and failure to recognize people
Untreated narrow-angle glaucoma, untreated anatomically narrow angles, hypersensitivity to any component of this preparation
Cyclopentolate may interfere with the ocular antihypertensive action of carbachol, pilocarpine, or ophthalmic cholinesterase inhibitors
Mild tachycardia, secretion decrease and action on the CNS, blurred vision, increased Narrow-angle glaucoma intraocular pressure, allergic reactions Mild tachycardia, secretion decrease and action on the CNS, blurred vision, increased Narrow-angle glaucoma intraocular pressure, allergic reactions
Cyclopentolate may interfere with antiglaucoma action of carbachol or pilocarpine
Cyclopentolate may interfere with antiglaucoma action of carbachol or pilocarpine
Myelosuppression, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, haemorrhagic cystitis, fibrosis of bladder, alopecia, nausea and vomiting, Hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide. anorexia, diarrhoea, headache, rash, flushing of Pregnancy, lactation face. Adverse reactions with high doses of cyclophophamide include heart failure and interstitial pneumonitis
Doxorubicin, cimetidine, thiazide diuretics. Succinyl choline, halothane, nitrous oxide. Increased bone marrow depression with allopurinol, barbiturates, phenytoin, corticosteroids, chloramphenicol, interferon alfa. Radiotherapy, live vaccines
Myelosuppression, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, haemorrhagic cystitis, fibrosis of bladder, alopecia, nausea and vomiting, Hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide. anorexia, diarrhoea, headache, rash, flushing of Pregnancy, lactation face. Adverse reactions with high doses of cyclophophamide include heart failure and interstitial pneumonitis
Doxorubicin, cimetidine, thiazide diuretics. Succinyl choline, halothane, nitrous oxide. Increased bone marrow depression with allopurinol, barbiturates, phenytoin, corticosteroids, chloramphenicol, interferon alfa. Radiotherapy, live vaccines
Myelosuppression, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, haemorrhagic cystitis, fibrosis of Hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide. bladder, alopecia, nausea and vomiting, Pregnancy, lactation anorexia, diarrhoea, headache, rash, flushing of face
Doxorubicin, cimetidine, thiazide diuretics. Radiotherapy, live vaccines. Succinyl choline, halothane, nitrous oxide. Increased bone marrow depression with allopurinol, barbiturates, phenytoin, corticosteroids, chloramphenicol, interferon alfa
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Cycloserine 250 mg Capsule
ADULT: Initial: 250 mg every 12 hours for 14 days, then administer 0.5 - 1 g daily in 2 divided doses for Reduce dose in renal impairment, monitor Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis treatment failure. 18 - 24 months (maximum daily dose: 1 g). CHILD: 10 - haematological, renal, hepatic function, breast (For respiratory physicians) 20 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses up to 1 g/day for 18 - feeding, pregnancy 24 months Diabetes, hypertension, varicose veins, otosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, porphyria, tetany, chorea minor, history of phlebitis. Benign and rarely, malignant liver tumours which may lead to life threatening intra abdominal haemorrhage have been observed. If severe upper abdominal complaints, liver enlargement or signs of intra abdominal haemorrhage occur, a liver tumour should be taken into consideration
Severe renal impairment, epilepsy, depression, Vertigo, nausea, convulsion, psychosis, rashes severe anxiety, psychotic states, alcohol Alcohol, antiepileptics, phenytoin dependence
Cyproterone Acetate 2 mg & Ethinyloestradiol 0.035 mg Tablet
Diane 35
Androgen dependent diseases in women
1 tablet daily for 21 days from the first day of the cycle, followed by 7 tab free days
Hepatotoxicity, anaemia, myocardial ischaemia, oedema, thromboembolic disease, headache, gastric upsets, nausea, breast tension, changes in body weight and libido, intermenstrual bleeding, depressive mood, chloasma, fluid retention
Pregnancy, lactation, severe disturbances of liver function, history of idiopathic jaundice or severe pruritus during pregnancy, previous or existing liver tumours, malignant diseases (not prostatic carcinoma), thromboembolic disorders, acute liver disease, hypersensitivity
Barbiturates, phenylbutazone, hydantoins, rifampicin and ampicillin may impair the action of the drug. Requirements for oral antidiabetics and insulin can change
Cyproterone Acetate 50 mg Tablet
Androcur
Carcinoma of prostate
i) After orchidectomy, 100 mg once daily or twice daily ii) If used together with LHRH agonists, the initial dose is 100 mg twice daily for 5 to 7 days before the start of Monitor liver function LHRH agonist, then 100 mg twice daily for 3 to 4 weeks together with the LHRH agonist Standard doses 100 - 200 mg/m2 daily over 5 - 10 days. Higher doses for intensification/consolidation: 1000 - 3000 mg/m2 daily over 3 - 5 days depending on specific protocols. CHILD: Dose variable depending on disease and protocol. Range from 100 mg/m2 to 3 g/m2 twice daily. May be given as SC, IV bolus or infusion. Intrathecal dose: Less than 1 year: 15 mg, 1 - 2 years: 20 mg, 2 - 3 years: 25 mg, more than 3 years: 30 mg. (ENSURE THAT PREPARATION IS SUITABLE FOR INTRATHECAL USE) Standard doses 100 - 200 mg/m2 daily over 5 - 10 days. Higher doses for intensification/consolidation: 1000 - 3000 mg/m2 daily over 3 - 5 days depending on specific protocols. CHILD: Dose variable depending on disease and protocol. Range from 100 mg/m2 to 3 g/m2 twice daily. May be given as SC, IV bolus or infusion. Intrathecal dose: Less than 1 year: 15 mg, 1 - 2 years: 20 mg, 2 - 3 years: 25 mg, more than 3 years: 30 mg. (ENSURE THAT PREPARATION IS SUITABLE FOR INTRATHECAL USE) Standard doses 100 - 200 mg/m2 daily over 5 - 10 days. Higher doses for intensification/consolidation: 1000 - 3000 mg/m2 daily over 3 - 5 days depending on specific protocols. CHILD: Dose variable depending on disease and protocol. Range from 100 mg/m2 to 3 g/m2 twice daily. May be given as SC, IV bolus or infusion. Intrathecal dose: Less than 1 year: 15 mg, 1 - 2 years: 20 mg, 2 - 3 years: 25 mg, more than 3 years: 30 mg. (ENSURE THAT PREPARATION IS SUITABLE FOR INTRATHECAL USE) Renal and hepatic impairment. Patients over 50 years old (for high dose therapy), pregnancy and lactation. Pre-existing drug-induced bone marrow suppression, leukocyte and platelet counts should be monitored daily, bone marrow examinations should be performed periodically, hepatic impairment, women of childbearing age, infants, severe gastrointestinal, central nervous system and pulmonary toxicity when using high dose schedules Renal and hepatic impairment. Patients over 50 years old (for high dose therapy), pregnancy and lactation. Pre-existing drug-induced bone marrow suppression, leukocyte and platelet counts should be monitored daily, bone marrow examinations should be performed periodically, hepatic impairment, women of childbearing age, infants, severe gastrointestinal, central nervous system and pulmonary toxicity when using high dose schedules Renal and hepatic impairment. Patients over 50 years old (for high dose therapy), pregnancy and lactation. Pre-existing drug-induced bone marrow suppression, leukocyte and platelet counts should be monitored daily, bone marrow examinations should be performed periodically, hepatic impairment, women of childbearing age, infants, severe gastrointestinal, central nervous system and pulmonary toxicity when using high dose schedules
Tiredness, liver dysfunction, gynaecomastia
Pregnancy, lactation, thromboembolic disorders, liver disease, severe diabetes with vascular changes
Oral antidiabetics, insulin
Cytarabine 1 g Injection
Cytosar
i) Central nervous system lymphoma ii) Meningeal leukemia iii) Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma iv) High dose cytarabine as conditioning to cytoreduce the disease before stem cell transplant for relapsed or refractory leukemia v) As salvage for acute lymphocytic leukemia vi) As salvage for acute myeloid leukemia vii) As palliative chemotherapy in elderly acute myeloid leukemia/ myelodysplastic syndrome
Myelosuppression, alopecia, fever, mucositis, nausea and vomiting, rash, neurotoxicity, headache, dizziness, somnolence, photophobia, cerebellar toxicity, pneumonitis, pulmonary oedema, conjunctivitis, hepatic dysfunction
Hypersensitivity to cytarabine products. Pregnancy, lactation
Increased cytotoxicity when radiotherapy, alkylating agents, methotrexate and purine analogues are given together with cytarabine. Increased ototoxicity if used concurrently with cisplatin
Cytarabine 100 mg Injection
Cytosar
Cytarabine 500 mg Injection
Cytosar
Dabigatran Etexilate 110 mg Capsule Pradaxa
Dabigatran Etexilate 75 mg Capsule Pradaxa
Following total knee replacement: Initially ADULT 110mg (ELDERLY, 75 mg) within 1- 4 hours after surgery, then 220 mg (ELDERLY, 150 mg) once daily Prevention of venous thromboembolic events in thereafter for 6-10 days Following total hip patients who have undergone total knee replacement replacement: Initially ADULT 110 mg (ELDERLY, 75 or total hip replacement surgery mg) within 1- 4 hours after surgery, then 220 mg (ELDERLY, 150 mg) once daily thereafter for 28-35 days Following total knee replacement: Initially ADULT 110 mg (ELDERLY, 75 mg) within 1- 4 hours after surgery, then 220 mg (ELDERLY, 150 mg) once daily Prevention of venous thromboembolic events in thereafter for 6-10 days Following total hip patients who have undergone total knee replacement replacement: Initially ADULT 110 mg (ELDERLY, 75 or total hip replacement surgery mg) within 1- 4 hours after surgery, then 220 mg (ELDERLY, 150 mg) once daily thereafter for 28-35 days i) Malignant melanoma, sarcomas, neuroblastomas and other childhood solid tumours ii) Hodgkin's Disease i) 250 mg/m2 for 5 days, may be repeated every 3 weeks ii) 375 mg/m2 IV every 2 weeks
Severe renal and hepatic impairment, active Patients at risk for bleeding, recent biopsy or major Bleeding, anaemia, haematoma, haemorrhage, bleeding, organic lesion at risk of bleeding, trauma, spinal & epidural anaesthesia, lumbar haematuria, decreased haemoglobin, wound concomitant treatment with quinidine, puncture, pregnancy & lactation, children secretion, post-procedural discharge pregnancy and lactation
Heparins, fondaparinux, desirudin, thrombolytic agents, GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, dextran, sulfinpyrazone, vitamin K antagonists, amiodarone, quinidine, NSAIDs, sibutramine
Severe renal and hepatic impairment, active Patients at risk for bleeding, recent biopsy or major Bleeding, anaemia, haematoma, haemorrhage, bleeding, organic lesion at risk of bleeding, trauma, spinal & epidural anaesthesia, lumbar haematuria, decreased haemoglobin, wound concomitant treatment with quinidine, puncture, pregnancy & lactation, children secretion, post-procedural discharge pregnancy and lactation Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, flu-like symptoms, alopecia, rash, photosensitivity, vesicant, paresthesias, ataxia, lethargy, headache, confusion, seizures, anaphylactic reactions, elevation of liver enzymes
Heparins, fondaparinux, desirudin, thrombolytic agents, GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, dextran, sulfinpyrazone, vitamin K antagonists, amiodarone, quinidine, NSAIDs, sibutramine Drugs that induce hepatic P450 enzymes (eg phenobarbital, phenytoin) may lead to decreased efficacy. Increased risk of infection by the live vaccine
Dacarbazine 100 mg Injection
Renal or hepatic impairment, bone marrow depression. Pregnancy. Avoid extravasation
Hypersensitivity to dacarbazine products, pregnancy, lactation
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Co-administration of oral anticoagulants has resulted in a prolonged prothrombin time and haemorrhages. Carbamazepine : significant increases in carbamazepine levels which resulted in toxicity. Clomifene : result in inhibition of response to clomifene. Cyclosporin : increased cyclosporin blood levels and toxicity. Sirolimus, Tacrolimus : decrease the metabolism, causing increased plasma concentrations of sirolimus and tacrolimus Co-administration of oral anticoagulants has resulted in a prolonged prothrombin time and haemorrhages. Carbamazepine : significant increases in carbamazepine levels which resulted in toxicity. Clomifene : result in inhibition of response to clomifene. Cyclosporin : increased cyclosporin blood levels and toxicity. Sirolimus, Tacrolimus : decrease the metabolism, causing increased plasma concentrations of sirolimus and tacrolimus Rifampicin increases plasma clearance of dapsone. Excretion decreased by probenecid. Pyrimethamine may increase the likelihood of haematologic reactions
Danazol 100 mg Capsule
Ladogal
i)Endometriosis and gynaecomastia ii)Menorrhagia iii)Prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema
i)200 - 800 mg daily for max of 9 months ii)200 mg daily for 12 weeks ii)400 mg daily. Reduce to 200 mg daily after 2 months attack free period
Haemophilia, epilepsy, migraine or cardiac or renal dysfunction, require careful observation. Periodic Hepatic dysfunction, weight gain, acne, liver function tests should be performed, menstrual disturbances exacerbation of acute intermittent porphyria
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, hepatic or renal or cardiac dysfunction
Danazol 200 mg Capsule
Ladogal
i)Endometriosis and gynaecomastia ii)Menorrhagia iii)Prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema
i)200 - 800 mg daily for max of 9 months ii)200 mg daily for 12 weeks ii)400 mg daily. Reduce to 200 mg daily after 2 months attack free period
Haemophilia, epilepsy, migraine or cardiac or renal dysfunction, require careful observation. Periodic Hepatic dysfunction, weight gain, acne, liver function tests should be performed, menstrual disturbances exacerbation of acute intermittent porphyria
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, hepatic or renal or cardiac dysfunction
Dapsone 100 mg Tablet
i)Leprosy ii) Dermatitis herpetiformis
i) ADULT: 6 - 10 mg/kg weekly (around 50 - 100 mg Cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease, daily). CHILD: 1 - 2 mg/kg/day. Maximum: 100 mg/day pregnancy, lactation ii) ADULT: 50 - 300 mg daily i) 45 - 60 mg/m2 IV daily for 3 - 5 days ii) 25 - 45 mg/m2 once a week for first 4 weeks during induction phase. Caution: Total cumulative dose of daunorubicin and doxorubicin must not exceed 500 mg/m2 due to Hepatic impairment. Previous radiotherapy to chest. risk of cardiotoxicity. CHILD: 30-45 mg/m2/dose Avoid extravasation infusion over 6 hours. Schedule depends on protocol. Need to check cardiac function closely by echocardiography every cumulative dose of 100mg/m2 to max. 360 mg/m2 Increased risk of potentially fatal acute renal failure, concomitant use of medicines that depress renal Initial 20 mg/kg/day. Starting dose can also be based function, elderly, haematologic disorders (including on transfusion rate and existing iron burden. Max is 30 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and mg/kg/day agranulocytosis), acute renal failure with advancedstage disorders renal conditions Increased risk of potentially fatal acute renal failure, concomitant use of medicines that depress renal Initial 20 mg/kg/day. Starting dose can also be based function, elderly, haematologic disorders (including on transfusion rate and existing iron burden. Max is 30 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and mg/kg/day agranulocytosis), acute renal failure with advancedstage disorders renal conditions In case of persistent arthropathy, deferiprone therapy should be discontinued. Monitor neutrophil counts weekly. Interrupt therapy if patient develops an infection
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia; fever, malaise, headache; dizziness, tachycardia, nervousness, Hypersensitivity to dapsone products, severe insomnia, skin disorders, agranulocytosis, anaemia, G6PD deficiency peripheral neuritis, psychosis, haemolysis, methaemoglobinemia; hypersensitivity reactions Alopecia, radiation recall reactions. Hyperpigmentation of nails. Myelosuppression. Nausea, vomiting, mucositis, diarrhoea, hepatic/renal impairment, discolouration of urine. ECG abnormalities, congestive cardiac failure Rash, urticaria, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, backache, headache, cough, bronchitis, fever, influenza, cytopenia, druginduced hepatitis, increased liver enzyme, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity disorder, arthralgia, cataract, retinal disorder, raised intraocular pressure, hearing loss, infection of ear, fatigue, acute renal failure Rash, urticaria, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, backache, headache, cough, bronchitis, fever, influenza, cytopenia, druginduced hepatitis, increased liver enzyme, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity disorder, arthralgia, cataract, retinal disorder, raised intraocular pressure, hearing loss, infection of ear, fatigue, acute renal failure Genotoxicity, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, tachycardia, vasculitis, weight gain, zinc deficiency, abdominal pain, urine discoloration, hepatotoxicity, visual impairment, joint problems, ototoxicity and skin rash Tachycardia, mild to moderate hypotension, elevated blood pressure, extrapyramidal symptoms, postoperative drowsiness. Dry mouth, constipation, micturition difficulty, blurred vision, mydriasis, delirium, agitation, catatonic-like states, insomnia, nightmares, depression, miosis, convulsions, nasal congestion. cardiovascular effects; hypersensitivity reactions, haematological disorders, extrapyramidal dysfunction. Amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, gynaecomastia, weight gain and hyperglycaemia, and altered glucose tolerance. Pain and irritation at the Injection site. post-op drowsiness
Daunorubicin HCl 20 mg Injection
Cerubidin
i) Acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) ii) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Hypersensitivity to daunorubicin. Pregnancy, lactation, pre-existing myelosupression, congestive cardiac failure, arrhythmias or previous treatment with high cumulative doses of anthracyclines
Increased risk of infection by live vaccines, azidamfenicol, chloramphenicol, ciclosporin
Deferasirox 125 mg Dispersible Tablet
Exjade
Treatment of chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions (transfusional haemosiderosis) in adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and above
Hypersensitivity to deferasirox or to any component of the product
Aluminium containing antacids
Deferasirox 500 mg Dispersible Tablet
Exjade
Treatment of chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions (transfusional haemosiderosis) in adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and above
Hypersensitivity to deferasirox or to any component of the product
Aluminium containing antacids
Deferiprone 500 mg Tablet
Ferriprox
Treatment of iron overload in patients with thalassemia major for whom desferrioxamine therapy 25 mg/kg 3 times a day for total daily dose of 75 is contraindicated or inadequate. Add on therapy to mg/kg. Doses greater 100 mg/kg are not desferrioxamine for thalassemia patients with cardiac recommended complication
Severe liver dysfunction, existing neutropenia, agranulocytosis, pregnancy and lactation
Aluminium containing antacids. Due to the risk of additive toxicity, use with drugs that may cause neutropenia or agranulocytosis is not recommended
Dehydrobenzperidol 2.5 mg/ml Injection
Droperidol
Chemotherapy Induced Nausea or Vomiting.
Concomitant administration of other central nervous system depressants; elderly, debilitated, or poorrisk patients require reduced dosages; high doses in patients at risk for cardiac dysrhythmia; impaired 1-10 mg 30 minutes before chemotherapy followed by hepatic or renal function; hypotension; EEG pattern continuos 1 to 3 mg/hour or 1 to 5 mg IM or IV may slowly return to normal. History of jaundice; injection every 1-6 hours as necessary. CHILD: 0.1 diabetes mellitus; hyperthyroidism; Parkinson's mg/kg/dose IV slowly 4 - 6 hourly disease; epilepsy, depression, myasthenia gravis; prostatic hypertrophy; severe respiratory disease; blood dyscrasias. May precipitate coma, affect driving. Pregnancy; lactation
Central nervous system depressants (eg. Antidepressants, barbiturates) have additive or potentiating central nervous system effects with Hypersensitivity to Droperidol. Coma; central droperidol. Avoid concurrent use with drugs that nervous system depression; may prolong QT interval e.g. certain pheochromocytoma; bone marrow suppression. antihistamines, antimalarials, calcium-channel Patients at risk of arrhythmias, CV disorders, blockers and antidepressants. May potentiate electrolyte imbalance, preexisting QT the action of other CNS depressants e.g. prolongation barbiturates, alcohol. Caution when using with drugs that may induce hypokalaemia or hypomagnesemia
Desferrioxamine B Methanesulphonate 0.5 g Injection
Desferal
Safety and effectiveness have not been established in children under the age of 3 years, vision or auditory problem. Concomitant vitamin C with i) 2 g by IM immediately and 5 g by mouth after gastric desferrioxamine in patients with severe chronic iron i) Acute iron poisoning in children ii) Investigation and lavage ii) 0.5 - 1.5 g by IM injection daily iii) Diagnosis: overload or cardiac failure, high doses and treatment of haemochromatosis iii) Diagnosis and 5 mg per kg by slow intravenous infusion during the concomitant low ferritin levels have been treatment of aluminium toxicity in patients with renal last hour of haemodialysis. Treatment: 5 mg per kg associated with growth retardation, increased failure and dialysis iv) Chronic iron toxicity or overload once a week by slow intravenous infusion during the susceptibility to Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia last hour of dialysis iv) 30 - 50 mg/kg pseudotuberculosis, mucormycosis, patients with aluminum overload or aluminum-related encephalopathy
Thrombocytopenia, hypotension, tachycardia, flushing, rash, anaphylactic reaction, disturbance of vision and hearing, vomiting, diarrhoea, shock, tachyarrhythmia, ototoxicity (frequent), mycosis (rare)
Anuria or severe renal disease
Ascorbic acid, phenothiazines
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Patients with respiratory, renal or hepatic impairment. Elderly or obese patients. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Concomitant use with adrenaline or other sympathomimetics. Pregnancy and lactation. Patient with ccoronary heart disease or where increase in heart rate or BP is undesirable - use together with other medication (eg IV opioid, hypnotics). Causes increase in cerebrospinal fluid or intracranial pressure in patient with space occupying lesions. Discontinue use if malignant hyperthermia occurs. Can react with dessicated CO2 absorbents to produce CO which may result in increased levels of carboxyhaemoglobin. Pregnancy, lactation, childn less than 12 year Phenylketonuric patient, severe renal or hepatic failure; children less than 6 month, elderly, epilepsy, preg-nancy and lactation Avoid fluid overload in the very young & the elderly, conditions characterised by fluid & or electrolyte imbalance & those at risk for increased intracranial pressure. Caution in renal concentration capacity testing for children less than 1 year Avoid fluid overload in the very young & the elderly, conditions characterised by fluid & or electrolyte imbalance & those at risk for increased intracranial pressure. Caution in renal concentration capacity testing for children less than 1 year
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Desflurane Liquid
Suprane
i) Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in adult ii) Maintenance of anaesthesia in infants & children
ADULT: Induction , initially 3% in oxygen or nitrous oxide/oxygen and increased by 0.5%-1% every 2-3 breaths or as tolerated (up to 11%), until loss of consciousness. Maintenance: 2.5%-8.5% with or without concomitant nitrous oxide CHILD: maintenance, inhaled in concentrations of 5.2%-10% with or without concomitant nitrous oxide
Dose-dependent hypotension and respiratory depression. Cough, breath holding, salivation, apnoea and laryngospasm. Post-operation nausea & vomiting. Transient increase of white blood cells count, malignant hyperthermia.
Patient in whom general anaesthesia is contraindicated. Sensitivity to halogenated agents. Genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.
Enhanced effects of neuromuscular blockers; CNS depressants. Lower dose is required when used with opioids, benzodiazepines and other sedatives. Enhanced hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), MAOIs, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, betablockers.
Desloratadine 5 mg Tablet
Aerius
Allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria
Desmopressin 0.1 mg Tablet
Minirin
i)Central diabetes insipidus ii)Primary nocturnal enuresis iii)Treatment of nocturia associated with nocturnal polyuria in adult
Desmopressin 0.2 mg Tablet
Minirin
i)Central diabetes insipidus ii)Primary nocturnal enuresis iii)Treatment of nocturia associated with nocturnal polyuria in adult
Desmopressin 100 mcg/ml Nasal Spray
Minirin
Desmopressin Acetate 4 mcg/ml Injection
Minirin
Desogestrol 150 mcg & Ethinyloestradiol 30 mcg Tablet
Marvelon
Avoid fluid overload in the very young and the elderly, conditions characterized by fluid and or i) ADULT : 10 - 20 mcg 1-2 times daily. CHILD: 5 electrolyte imbalance and those at risk for i) Diabetes Insipidus ii) Primary nocturnal enuresis 10mcg 1-2 times daily ii) 10-40 mcg increased intracranial pressure. Caution in renal concentration capacity testing for infant less than 1 year Avoid fluid overload in the very young and the elderly, conditions characterized by fluid and or electrolyte imbalance and those at risk for i) Diabetes insipidus ii) Haemostasis in peri-operative i) ADULT : 1 - 4 mcg IV daily. CHILD :0.4 mcg daily ii) increased intracranial pressure. Caution in renal situations 0.3 mcg/kg IV concentration capacity testing for infant less than 1 year. In hemostatic use, avoid fluid overload in patient taking diuretics Gastrointestinal disease (impaired absorption of oral contraceptive steroids in the small bowel due to inflammatory disease, diarrhoea, ileostomy or 1 tablet daily for 21 days, subsequent courses jejunoileal bypass may result in contraceptive Contraception repeated after 7 day interval (during which withdrawal failure). Severe varicose veins, hepatic cell bleeding occurs) adenoma, latent or overt cardiac failure, renal dysfunction, epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, surgery or prolonged immobilization Croup, septic shock, cerebral oedema and respiratory 0.5 - 9 mg daily, depending upon the disease being distress syndrome including status asthmaticus treated. Up to 15 mg daily in severe disease Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage gradually
ADULT & CHILD more than 12 years : 5 mg once daily. CHILD: 6-11 yr: 2.5 mg; 1-5 yr: 1.25 mg; 6-11 mth: 1 mg. Doses to be taken once daily i)ADULT and CHILD: 0.1 mg 3 times daily. Maintenance: 0.3-0.6 mg daily ii)ADULT and CHILD over 5 years, 0.2 mg at bed time; withdraw for 1 week for assessment after 3 months iii)Initially 0.1 mg at night. May be increased to 0.2 mg and then to 0.4 mg by means of weekly increase i)ADULT and CHILD: 0.1 mg 3 times daily. Maintenance: 0.3-0.6 mg daily ii)ADULT and CHILD over 5 years, 0.2 mg at bed time; withdraw for 1 week for assessment after 3 months iii)Initially 0.1 mg at night. May be increased to 0.2 mg and then to 0.4 mg by means of weekly increase
Fatigue, headache and dry mouth
Hypersensitivity to desloratadine or loratadine
Amphetamines, alcohol, betahistine, CNS depressants, acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Nausea, hypertension, hypotension, palpitation, Hypersensitivity to desmopressin; hyponatremia Chlorpropamide, fludrocortisone, lithium, anaphylaxis, transient headache, stomach pain, or a history of hyponatremia; moderate-tocarbamazepine , chloropromazine, epistaxis , fatigue, transient fall in BP with reflex severe renal impairment indomethacin tachycardia and facial flushing Nausea, hypertension, hypotension, palpitation, Hypersensitivity to desmopressin; hyponatremia Chlorpropamide, fludrocortisone, lithium, anaphylaxis, transient headache, stomach pain, or a history of hyponatremia; moderate-tocarbamazepine , chloropromazine, epistaxis , fatigue, transient fall in BP with reflex severe renal impairment indomethacin tachycardia and facial flushing Nausea, hypertension, hypotension, palpitation, anaphylaxis, transient headache, stomach pain, epistaxis and fatigue, transient fall in blood pressure with reflex tachycardia and facial flushing Nausea, hypertension, hypotension, palpitation, anaphylaxis, transient headache, stomach pain, epistaxis and fatigue, transient fall in blood pressure with reflex tachycardia and facial flushing Hypersensitivity to desmopressin, hyponatremia or a history of hyponatremia, moderate-toChlorpropamide, fludrocortisone, lithium, severe renal impairment , unstable angina carbamazepine, chloropromazine, indomethacin pectoris, decompensated cardiac insufficiency and von Willebrand's disease type IIB Hypersensitivity to desmopressin , hyponatremia or a history of hyponatremia , moderate-to-severe renal impairment , unstable Chlorpropamide, fludrocortisone, lithium, angina pectoris , decompensated cardiac carbamazepine, chloropromazine, indomethacin insufficiency and von Willebrand's disease type IIB Thromboembolic disorders, coronary artery disease, breast or endometrial cancer, oestrogen dependent neoplasia, undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy, hepatic adenomas or carcinomas, known or suspected pregnancy Irregular bleeding and reduced efficacy with anticonvulsant, barbiturates, tetracyclines, rifampicin, activated charcoal, certain laxatives, antidiabetic drugs. Monitor patients receiving alprazolam therapy for an increased response to the benzodiazepine Barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampin may decreases dexamethasone effects; dexamethasone decreases effect of salicylates, vaccines, toxoids. Increased effect: Salmeterol: The addition of salmeterol has been demonstrated to improve response Not known
Thromboembolic disease, hypertension, gall bladder disease, nausea, vomiting, migraine
Dexamethasone 0.5 mg Tablet
Decadron
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness, peptic ulcer
Dexamethasone and Neomycin Sulphate and Polymyxin B Eye Ointment Dexamethasone and Neomycin Sulphate and Polymyxin B Sulphate Ophthalmic Suspension
Maxitrol
Treatment of ocular inflammation when concurrent use of an antimicrobial is judged necessary
Maxitrol
Treatment of ocular inflammation when concurrent use of an antimicrobial is judged necessary
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Maxidex 0.1% Eye Drops
Acute steroid responsive inflammatory and allergic conditions
Burning and stinging or local irritation may occur. Hypersensitivity (due to neomycin content). Ocular itching, reddening, conjunctival oedema, rash or persistent irritation, periorbital oedema Burning and stinging or local irritation may occur. Hypersensitivity (due to neomycin 1 - 2 drops hourly for severe cases and 4 - 6 hourly for Glaucoma, corneal or scleral thinning, history of content). Ocular itching, reddening, conjunctival mild infection HSV infection oedema, rash or persistent irritation, periorbital oedema Red eye, steroid glaucoma, steroid cataract, Prolonged use may lead to posterior subcapsular thinning of the cornea and sclera. Burning, dry cataract formation and glaucoma with raised optic1 - 2 drops 4 - 6 times a day eyes, photophobia, glaucoma, elevated ocular pressure. Pregnancy. Extensive use may intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, lead to systemic effects cataract Apply 1 - 1.5 cm 3 - 4 times daily, may be used adjunctively with drops at bedtime Glaucoma, corneal or scleral thinning, history of HSV infection During periods of stress. Mask the signs of infection Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle and decrease resistance to infection. Discontinue weakness, peptic ulcer treatment by reducing the dosage gradually
Hypersensitivity to its component, viral, fungal, tuberculosis and other infections of the eye
Hypersensitivity to its component, viral, fungal, tuberculosis and other infections of the eye
Not known
Viral, fungal, tuberculosis and other infections of the eye. Hypersensitivity to dexamethasone
Not known Barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampicin may decrease dexamethasone effects; dexamethasone decreases effect of salicylates, vaccines, toxoids. Increased effect: Salmeterol: The addition of salmeterol has been demonstrated to improve response
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Decadron 8 mg/2 ml Injection
Croup, septic shock, cerebral oedema and respiratory Initially 0.5 - 9 mg IM, IV or infusion daily, depending distress syndrome including status asthmaticus upon the disease being treated
Hypersensitivity. systemic fungal infections
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, bladder neck obstruction, bronchial asthma, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, pyloroduodenal obstruction, cardiovascular diseases, hyperthyroidism, avoid driving and operating machinery Narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, bladder neck obstruction, bronchial asthma, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, pyloroduodenal obstruction, cardiovascular diseases, hyperthyroidism, avoid driving and operating machinery Narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, bladder neck obstruction, bronchial asthma, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, pyloroduodenal obstruction, cardiovascular diseases, hyperthyroidism, avoid driving and operating machinery Significant cardiovascular dysfunction, advanced heart block, renal and hepatic impairment, elderly more than 65 years, pregnancy, lactation, diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension Cardiac disease, liver disease and renal impairment, bowel surgery, decreased urinary output secondary to shock, dehydration, active haemorrhage, hypernatremia, pathological abdominal conditions and thrombocytopenia
Adverse Reaction
Drowsiness, urticaria, dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances, somnolence, nasal mucosa dry
Contraindications
Interactions
Actions prolonged by MAOIs, alcohol, tricyclic antidepressant, barbiturates. Other CNS depressants can potentiate effects
Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate 2 mg Tablet
Polaramine
Symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatoses
ADULT : 2 mg 3 times daily. CHILD : 1 - 12 years : 2 mg 3 times daily
Hypersensitivity to dexchlorpheniramine products
Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate 2 mg/5 Polaramine ml Syrup
Symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis
CHILD 2 - 5 years : 0.5 mg every 4 - 6 hours; 6 - 11 years : 1 mg every 4 - 6 hours
Drowsiness, urticaria, dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances, somnolence, nasal mucosa dry
Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate 6 mg Tablet
Polaramine
Symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis
ADULT : 1 repetab 2 times daily
Drowsiness, urticaria, dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances, somnolence, nasal mucosa dry Hypotension (more frequent), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, nausea, dry mouth, hypoxia, somnolence Acute renal failure, anaphylaxis, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, thrombocytopenia
Dexmedetomidine HCl 100 mcg/ml Injection
Precedex
Not to be infused for more than 24 hours, 1 mcg/kg Sedation of intubated and mechanically ventilated ICU over 10 minutes as loading dose. Maintenance dose: patients. For use only by specialist anaesthetist 0.2 - 0.7 mcg/kg/hr Condition associated with peripheral local slowing of the blood flow, prophylaxis of post surgical thromboembolic disease Initially 500-1000 ml by infusion, further doses are given according to the patient's condition
Hypersensitivity to dexmedetomidine Hypersensitivity to dextran or corn products, pulmonary oedema, renal disease with severe oliguria or anuria, severe bleeding disorders, severe congestive heart failure Do not use concentrated solutions of dextrose in patients with anuria, diabetic coma, hyperglycaemia, intracranial or intraspinal haemorrhage, delirium tremens in dehydrated patients and glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. Do not administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur Do not use concentrated solutions of dextrose in patients with anuria, diabetic coma, hyperglycaemia, intracranial or intraspinal haemorrhage, delirium tremens in dehydrated patients and glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. Do not administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur Do not use concentrated solutions of dextrose in patients with anuria, diabetic coma, hyperglycaemia, intracranial or intraspinal haemorrhage, delirium tremens in dehydrated patients and glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. Do not administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur Do not use concentrated solutions of dextrose in patients with anuria, diabetic coma, hyperglycaemia, intracranial or intraspinal haemorrhage, delirium tremens in dehydrated patients and glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. Do not administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur Do not use concentrated solutions of dextrose in patients with anuria, diabetic coma, hyperglycaemia, intracranial or intraspinal haemorrhage, delirium tremens in dehydrated patients and glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. Do not administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur Do not use concentrated solutions of dextrose in patients with anuria, diabetic coma and hyperglycaemia, intracranial or intraspinal haemorrhage, delirium tremens in dehydrated patients and glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome
Enhances effects of anaesthesia, sedative, hypnotics and other CNS depressants, opiods Abciximab, tinzaparin. May interfere with blood group cross-matching or biochemical measurements
Dextran 40
Dextran 40
Dextrose 10% Injection
For parenteral replenishment of fluid and minimal carbohydrate calories as required by the clinical condition of the patient
According to the needs of the patient
Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia may accentuate neurologic damage for an ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, cerebral ischaemia, acute stroke, impending hypokalaemia, pulmonary embolism, right atrial cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless thrombosis, extravasation hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia may accentuate neurologic damage for an ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, cerebral ischaemia, acute stroke, impending hypokalaemia, pulmonary embolism, right atrial cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless thrombosis, extravasation hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia may accentuate neurologic damage for an ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, cerebral ischaemia, acute stroke, impending hypokalaemia, pulmonary embolism, right atrial cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless thrombosis, extravasation hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia may accentuate neurologic damage for an ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, cerebral ischaemia, acute stroke, impending hypokalaemia, pulmonary embolism, right atrial cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless thrombosis, extravasation hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia may accentuate neurologic damage for an ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, cerebral ischaemia, acute stroke, impending hypokalaemia, pulmonary embolism, right atrial cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless thrombosis, extravasation hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia may accentuate neurologic damage for an ischemic insult, patients at risk for Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, cerebral ischemia, acute stroke, impending cardiac hypokalaemia arrest, or severe hypotension unless hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined
Not known
Not known
Not known
Not known
Not known
Dextrose Powder
Use as a diagnostic agent for diabetes
75 g stat
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Diatrizoate Meglumine and Sodium Amidotrizoate Solution
Gastrografin Aqueous Solution
Diazepam 10 mg/2 ml Injection
Valium
i) ADULT and CHILD more than 10 year, ORALLY: 60 100 ml RECTALLY, contrast medium should be diluted with 3-4 times its volume of water. ORALLY: CHILD i) Contrast medium for the radiological examination of less than 10 years,: 15- 30 ml NEWBORN, INFANT the gastrointestinal tract (primarily in cases in which contrast medium should be diluted with 3 times its Thyroid dysfunction, severe cardiovascular barium sulphate is contraindicated) ii) Computerised volume of water. RECTALLY: CHILD more than 5 disease, very poor sate of health tomography in abdominal region iii) Treatment of years, contrast medium should be diluted with 4-5 Mecolinium ileus times its volume of water. Younger patients a dilution with 5 times its volume is recommended ii) Adult, orally, 25-77 mL in 1000 mL tap water 15-30 minutes prior to imaging i) Status epilepticus, by slow IV: 5-10 every 10-15 minute (rate not more than 5 mg/min), to a total dose of 30 mg, may repeat in 2 hour if needed. Infants 30 days to 5 years, 0.05-0.3 mg/kg/dose given over 2-3 minutes, every 15-30 minutes to a total dose of 5 mg, repeat in 2-4 hours if necessary. CHILD more than 5 Respiratory disease, history of drug or alcohol years, 1 mg by slow IV, every 2-5 minutes, maximum i) Status epilepticus ii) Skeletal muscle spasm iii) abuse, drug dependence, pregnancy, breast 10 mg, repeat in 2-4 hours if necessary ii) Skeletal Anxiety disorders feeding, renal and hepatic impairment and avoid muscle spasm, by slow IV or IM, 5-10 mg repeated if operating vehicles or machinery necessary in 3-4 hours. CHILD (tetanus): 30 days - 5 years, 1-2 mg IM or IV slowly every 3-4 hours as needed. 5 years and above, 5-10 mg IM or IV slowly every 3-4 hours if needed iii) Anxiety disorders, 2-10 mg by slow IV (not more than 5 mg/min). Repeat if necessary every 3-4 hours
Nausea, vomiting and or diarrhoea, urticaria with erythema, hypoxia, acute dyspnoea, tachyarrhythmia and anaphylaxis have occurred following ingestion of the contrast medium, Manifest hyperthyroidism hypersensitivity to particularly when high concentrations of large diatrizoic acid salts volumes of solution are administered. Severe changes in serum osmolarity and electrolyte concentrations may produce shock-like states
Beta blocker, interleukin
Drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, hallucinations, blurred vision, confusion, muscle weakness, fatigue, incontinence or urinary retention, constipation, rashes, changes in libido, leukopenia and gastrointestinal, hypotension, ataxia, respiratory depression, sedation, depression, headache, nausea, tremor, withdrawal syndrome, neutropenia, hepatotoxicity, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, blood dyscrasias, bradycardia, dependence/abuse. Paradoxical reactions in children and elderly
Respiratory depression, acute pulmonary insufficiency, severe hepatic impairment, acute narrow angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity to diazepam products, patients less than 6 months old, alcohol intoxication, central nervous system depression
Central nervous system depressants, barbiturates, alcohol, isoniazid, rifampicin, phenytoin, ritonavir, omeprazole, cimetidine, theophylline, digoxin, erythromycin, itraconazole
Diazepam 2 mg Tablet
Valium
Diazepam 5 mg Rectal Solution
Stesolid
Diazepam 5 mg Tablet
Valium
Diclofenac 1% Emulgel
Voltaren
Drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, hallucinations, blurred vision, confusion, muscle weakness, fatigue, incontinence or urinary retention, i) ADULT: 2-10 mg 3-4 times daily. CHILD 6 months Respiratory disease, history of drug or alcohol constipation, rashes, changes in libido, and older: 0.12 - 0.8 mg/kg daily in divided doses, abuse, drug dependence, pregnancy, breast leukopenia and gastrointestinal, hypotension, i) Muscle spasm of varied aetiology, including tetanus every 6-8 hours ii) ADULT : 2 mg 3 times daily, feeding, renal and hepatic impairment and avoid ataxia, respiratory depression, sedation, ii) Anxiety disorders increased in severe anxiety to 15 - 30 mg daily in operating vehicles or machinery. Safety and depression, headache, nausea, tremor, divided doses. ELDERLY (or delibitated) half adult effectiveness not established in children less than 6 withdrawal syndrome, neutropenia, dose. CHILD (night terrors), 1 - 5 mg at bedtime months of age hepatotoxicity, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, blood dyscrasias, bradycardia, dependence/abuse. Paradoxical reactions in children and elderly Drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, hallucinations, Status epilepticus - ADULT: 0.5 mg/kg repeated after Respiratory disease, history of drug or alcohol blurred vision, confusion, muscle weakness, 12 hours if necessary. CHILD (febrile convulsions, abuse, drug dependence, pregnancy, breast fatigue, incontinence or urinary retention, Status epilepticus, skeletal muscle spasm prolonged or recurrent): 0.5 mg/kg (maximum 10 mg), feeding, renal and hepatic impairment and avoid constipation, rashes, changes in libido, repeated if necessary. Not recommended for children operating vehicles or machinery leukopenia and gastrointestinal disturbances. below 2 years Paradoxical reactions in children and elderly Drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, hallucinations, blurred vision, confusion, muscle weakness, fatigue, incontinence or urinary retention, i) ADULT: 2-10 mg 3-4 times daily. CHILD 6 months Respiratory disease, history of drug or alcohol constipation, rashes, changes in libido, and older: 0.12 - 0.8 mg/kg daily in divided doses, abuse, drug dependence, pregnancy, breast leukopenia and gastrointestinal, hypotension, i) Muscle spasm of varied aetiology, including tetanus every 6-8 hours ii) ADULT : 2 mg 3 times daily, feeding, renal and hepatic impairment and avoid ataxia, respiratory depression, sedation, ii) Anxiety disorders increased in severe anxiety to 15 - 30 mg daily in operating vehicles or machinery. Safety and depression, headache, nausea, tremor, divided doses. ELDERLY (or delibitated) half adult effectiveness not established in children less than 6 withdrawal syndrome, neutropenia, dose. CHILD (night terrors), 1 - 5 mg at bedtime months of age hepatotoxicity, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, blood dyscrasias, bradycardia, dependence/abuse. Paradoxical reactions in children and elderly Do not apply to diseased skin or open wounds or Post-traumatic inflammation of the tendons,ligaments injuries. Avoid contact with eyes or mucous Allergic or non allergic contact dermatitis. & joints. Localised forms of soft tissue rheumatism Apply 3 - 4 times daily and gently rubbed in membranes. Systemic side effects when applied to Generalized skin rash, hypersensitivity and and degenerative rheumatism large areas of skin & over a prolonged period of photosensitivity reactions time
Respiratory depression, acute pulmonary insufficiency, severe hepatic impairment, acute narrow angle glaucoma and untreated open angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity to diazepam products, patients less than 6 months old, alcohol intoxication and central nervous system depression. Pregnancy and lactation
Erythromycin, clarithromycin, isoniazid, fentanyl, alfentanil, itraconazole, ketoconazole, digoxin, phenytoin, rifampicin, ethanol, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, levodopa, lithium, amitriptyline, codeine, fluvoxamine, ginkgo, morphine, primidone, St John's Wort, theophylline, thiopental
Respiratory depression, acute pulmonary Central nervosu system depressants, alcohol, insufficiency, severe hepatic impairment, acute barbiturates, antibacterials, antivirals, narrow angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis omeprazole
Respiratory depression, acute pulmonary insufficiency, severe hepatic impairment, acute narrow angle glaucoma and untreated open angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity to diazepam products, patients less than 6 months old, alcohol intoxication and central nervous system depression. Pregnancy and lactation
Erythromycin, clarithromycin, isoniazid, fentanyl, alfentanil, itraconazole, ketoconazole, digoxin, phenytoin, rifampicin, ethanol, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, levodopa, lithium, amitriptyline, codeine, fluvoxamine, ginkgo, morphine, primidone, St John's Wort, theophylline, thiopental
Increase plasma concentration of lithium, Hypersensitivity to diclofenac or other NSAIDs, methotrexate & warfarin. Reduces effects of proctitis and isopropanol or propylene glycol diuretics & beta blockers Increases plasma concentration of warfarin, lithium, & methotrexate. May reduce effects of diuretics & beta blockers. May alter plasma concentration of sulfonylureas. Caution with Patients with history of hypersensitivity to concomitant use of diuretics and diclofenac or aspirin/other NSAIDs. Peptic or antihypertensives (eg beta-blockers, ACEI ), intestinal ulcer. Lactation. Use of suppository is methotrexate, other NSAIDs and contraindicated in patients with recent rectal corticosteroids, SSRIs. Monitoring bleeding recommended for patients receiving anticoagulants, antiplatelets agents as well as blood glucose level if used concomitantly with antidiabetics. Digoxin, ciclosporin, quinolones
Diclofenac Sodium 12.5 mg Suppository
Voltaren
Pain and inflammation in rheumatic disease and juvenile arthritis
Previous history of gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding or perforation. Renal dysfunction. 75 - 150 mg daily in divided doses. CHILD 1-12 years, Hypertension or cardiac conditions aggravated by Juvenile arthritis; 12.5- 25 mg daily fluid retention and oedema. History of liver dysfunction, coagulation defects
Occasionally gastrointestinal disorders, headache, dizziness, vertigo, rash, proctitis
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Diclofenac Sodium 25 mg Suppository
Voltaren
Diclofenac Sodium 50 mg Suppository
Diclofenac Sodium 50 mg Tablet
Voltaren
Pain and inflammation in rheumatic disease
ADULTS: Initial dose of 150 mg daily. Mild or long term: 75 - 150 mg daily in 2 to 3 divided doses after food. PAEDS 1 year and above : 1 - 3 mg/kg body weight daily
Previous history of gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding, or perforation. Renal dysfunction. Hypertension or cardiac conditions aggravated by fluid retention and oedema. History of liver dysfunction, coagulation defects Patient with CHF, dehydration, hypertension, decreased renal or hepatic function, active GIT ulceration or bleeding, pre-existing asthma
Diclofenac Sodium 75 mg/3 ml Injection
Voltaren
75 mg once daily (2 times daily in severe cases) for not more than 2 days
Didanosine 100 mg Tablet (ddI)
Videx
ADULT less than 60 kg: 125 mg twice daily or 250 mg once daily; more than 60 kg: 400 mg once daily or 200 Peripheral neuropathy, history of pancreatitis, lactic HIV infection, in combination with other antiretrovirals mg twice daily. CHILD more than 8 months: 120 acidosis, renal impairment, phenylketonuria, mg/m2 twice daily, 2 weeks - 8 months: 100 mg/m2 pregnancy & lactation twice daily
Didanosine 2 g Oral Solution (ddI)
Videx
ADULT less than 60 kg: 125 mg twice daily or 250 mg once daily; more than 60 kg: 400 mg once daily or 200 Peripheral neuropathy, history of pancreatitis, lactic HIV infection, in combination with other antiretrovirals mg twice daily. CHILD more than 8 months: 120 acidosis, renal impairment, phenylketonuria, mg/m2 twice daily, 2 weeks - 8 months: 100 mg/m2 pregnancy & lactation twice daily
Didanosine 25 mg Tablet (ddI)
Videx
ADULT less than 60 kg: 125 mg twice daily or 250mg once daily; more than 60 kg: 400 mg once daily or 200 Peripheral neuropathy, history of pancreatitis, lactic HIV infection, in combination with other antiretrovirals mg twice daily. CHILD more than 8 months: 120 acidosis, renal impairment, phenylketonuria, mg/m2 twice daily, 2 weeks - 8 months: 100 mg/m2 pregnancy & lactation twice daily
Didanosine 250 mg Enteric Coated Capsule
Videx EC
HIV infection, in combination with other antiretrovirals
ADULT less than 60 kg: 250 mg once daily; 60 kg or greater: 400 mg once daily
Peripheral neuropathy, history of pancreatitis, lactic acidosis, renal impairment, phenylketonuria, pregnancy & lactation
Didanosine 400 mg Enteric Coated Capsule
Videx EC
ADULT less than 60 kg: 250 mg once daily; 60 kg or greater: 400 mg once daily
Peripheral neuropathy, history of pancreatitis, lactic acidosis, renal impairment, phenylketonuria, pregnancy & lactation
Increases plasma concentration of warfarin, lithium, & methotrexate. May reduce effects of diuretics & beta blockers. May alter plasma concentration of sulfonylureas. Caution with Patients with history of hypersensitivity to concomitant use of diuretics and diclofenac or aspirin/other NSAIDs. Peptic or Occasionally gastrointestinal disorders, antihypertensives (eg beta-blockers, ACEI ), intestinal ulcer. Lactation. Use of suppository is headache, dizziness, vertigo, rash, proctitis methotrexate, other NSAIDs and contraindicated in patients with recent rectal corticosteroids, SSRIs. Monitoring bleeding recommended for patients receiving anticoagulants, antiplatelets agents as well as blood glucose level if used concomitantly with antidiabetics. Digoxin, ciclosporin, quinolones Increases plasma concentration of warfarin, lithium, & methotrexate. May reduce effects of diuretics & beta blockers. May alter plasma concentration of sulfonylureas. Caution with Patients with history of hypersensitivity to concomitant use of diuretics and diclofenac or aspirin/other NSAIDs. Peptic or Occasionally gastrointestinal disorders, antihypertensives (eg beta-blockers, ACEI ), intestinal ulcer. Lactation. Use of suppository is headache, dizziness, vertigo, rash, proctitis methotrexate, other NSAIDs and contraindicated in patients with recent rectal corticosteroids, SSRIs. Monitoring bleeding recommended for patients receiving anticoagulants, antiplatelets agents as well as blood glucose level if used concomitantly with antidiabetics. Digoxin, ciclosporin, quinolones Increases plasma concentration of warfarin, Hypersensitivity, rhinitis, urticaria, asthma or lithium and methotrexate. May reduce effects of Epigastric pain, GI disturbances, slight allergic reactions to aspirin or other antidiuretics & beta blockers. May alter plasma dizziness inflammatory agents concentration of sulfonylureas. Aspirin, warfarin, digoxin, methotrexate, ciclosporin ACEI, angiotensin II antagonists, Pruritus, rash, contact dermatitis, pain, dry skin, anticoagulants, cholestyramine and colestipol, Hypersensitivity to diclofenac or any component exfoliation, paraesthesia, constipation, ticlopidine, aspirin. Monitoring recommended for of the formulation, aspirin or other NSAIDs, diarrhoea, headache, dizziness, vertigo, patients receiving anticoagulants, antiplatelets asthma, rhinitis, porphyria, pregnancy (third nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal disorders, agents as well as blood glucose level if used trimester) anorexia, increase transaminases concomitantly with antidiabetics. Lithium, digoxin, ciclosporin, quinolones Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, optic neuritis, Allopurinol, ketoconazole, itraconazole, retinal disorder, steatosis of liver, rash, pruritis, dapsone, ganciclovir/ valganciclovir, asthenia, headache, nausea, vomiting, Hypersensitivity to didanosine hydroxyurea, methadone, quinolone antibiotics, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, chills, fever, pain, ribavirin, stavudine, tenofovir, ethanol retinal depigmentation, optic neuritis, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, parotid gland enlargement, arthralgia, myopathy Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, rash, pruritis, asthenia, headache, nausea/vomiting, Allopurinol, ketoconazole, itraconazole, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, chills, fever, pain, dapsone, ganciclovir / valganciclovir, retinal depigmentation, optic neuritis, anorexia, Hypersensitivity to didanosine hydroxyurea, methadone, quinolone antibiotics, dyspepsia, flatulence, parotid gland ribavirin, stavudine, tenofovir, ethanol enlargement, anthralgia, myopathy, hypoglycaemia & hyperglycaemia, rhabdomyolysis Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, optic neuritis, Allopurinol, ketoconazole, itraconazole, retinal disorder, steatosis of liver, rash, pruritis, dapsone, ganciclovir/ valganciclovir, asthenia, headache, nausea, vomiting, Hypersensitivity to didanosine hydroxyurea, methadone, quinolone antibiotics, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, chills, fever, pain, ribavirin, stavudine, tenofovir, ethanol retinal depigmentation, optic neuritis, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, parotid gland enlargement, arthralgia, myopathy Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, optic neuritis, Allopurinol, ketoconazole, itraconazole, retinal disorder, steatosis of liver, rash, pruritis, dapsone, ganciclovir/valganciclovir, asthenia, headache, nausea, vomiting, Hypersensitivity to didanosine hydroxyurea, methadone, quinolone antibiotics, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, chills, fever, pain, ribavirin, stavudine, tenofovir, ethanol retinal depigmentation, optic neuritis, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, parotid gland enlargement, arthralgia, myopathy Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, optic neuritis, Allopurinol, ketoconazole, itraconazole, retinal disorder, steatosis of liver, rash, pruritis, dapsone, ganciclovir/valganciclovir, asthenia, headache, nausea, vomiting, Hypersensitivity to didanosine hydroxyurea, methadone, quinolone antibiotics, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, chills, fever, pain, ribavirin, stavudine, tenofovir, ethanol retinal depigmentation, optic neuritis, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, parotid gland enlargement, arthralgia, myopathy Headache, lassitude, weakness, malaise, gastrointestinal upset, skin rash, allergic Hypersensitivity to diethylcarbamazine, reactions, dizziness, drowsiness, immunological pregnancy reaction, anorexia, encephalitis, dyspnea
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate 50 mg Tablet
Hetrazan
i) 1 mg/kg on the first day and increased gradually over 3 days to 6 mg/kg daily in divided doses. This i) Bancrofti filariasis, onchocerciasis, loasis, creeping dosage is maintained for 21 days. ii) 13 mg/kg once eruption ii) Ascariasis iii) Tropical eosinophilia daily for 7 days. CHILD : 6 - 10 mg/kg 3 times daily for 7 days iii) 6 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 21 days
Patients with onchocerciasis or Loa loa infestation, renal insufficiency. The toxicity of Diethylcarbamazine may be increased in patients with highly alkaline urine (eg, pH 7.5 to 8), renal impairment function, cardiac disorders
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, abdominal pains, salivation, sweating; headache, facial pain, malaise, fatigue, drowsiness, depression, disorientation, mental confusion, delirium, hallucination, visual disturbance.Hypokalaemia. Ventricular premature contractions, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias and conduction defects Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, abdominal pains, salivation, sweating; headache, facial pain, malaise, fatigue, drowsiness, depression, disorientation, mental confusion, delirium, hallucination, visual disturbance.Hypokalaemia.Ventricular premature contractions, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias and conduction defects Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, abdominal pains, salivation, sweating; headache, facial pain, malaise, fatigue, drowsiness, depression, disorientation, mental confusion, delirium, hallucination, visual disturbance.Hypokalaemia.Ventricular premature contractions, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias and conduction defects
Contraindications
Interactions
Digoxin 0.25 mg Tablet
Lanoxin
Heart failure , with atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmias (particularly, atrial fibrillation)
Acute myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis, Rapid digitalisation: 1-1.5 mg in divided doses over 24 amyloid cardiomyopathy, AV block. Chronic hours; less urgent digitalisation, 250 mcg-500 mcg constrictive pericarditis, electrolyte imbalance (eg. daily (higher dose may be divided). Maintenance : hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia, 62.5mg -500 mcg daily (higher dose may be divided) hypomagnesaemia), hypothyroidism, hypoxia, according to renal function and , in atrial fibrillation, on idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Renal heart rate response; usual range, 125-250 mcg daily disease, severe bradycardia, severe heart failure (lower dose may be appropriate in elderly) and pulmonary disease, ventricular tachycardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Acute myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis, amyloid cardiomyopathy, AV block. Chronic constrictive pericarditis, electrolyte imbalance (eg. hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia), hypothyroidism, hypoxia, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Renal disease, severe bradycardia, severe heart failure and pulmonary disease, ventricular tachycardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Acute myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis, amyloid cardiomyopathy, AV block. Chronic constrictive pericarditis, electrolyte imbalance (eg. hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia), hypothyroidism, hypoxia, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Renal disease, severe bradycardia, severe heart failure and pulmonary disease, ventricular tachycardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Acute myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis, amyloid cardiomyopathy, AV block. Chronic constrictive pericarditis, electrolyte imbalance (eg. hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia), hypothyroidism, hypoxia, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Renal disease, severe bradycardia, severe heart failure and pulmonary disease, ventricular tachycardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Hypothyroidism, chronic hepatic or adrenocortical disease, renal insufficiency, elderly Severe bradycardia, hepatic impairment, pregnancy and lactation AV block (first degree), combination therapy with beta-blockers (with left ventricular dysfunction), congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal hypermotility (extended release dose forms), gastrointestinal obstruction (extended release dose forms), hypotension, impaired liver function (reduced metabolism, enhanced response). Impaired renal function. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia conversion, persistent dermatologic reactions induced by calcium antagonists have progressed to erythema multiforme or exfoliative dermatitis
Ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia except in certain cases, digitalis toxicity, beriberi heart disease, hypersensitivity to digoxin, some cases of hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome
Plasma concentration increased by quinidine, verapamil, nifedipine, amiodarone. Hypokalaemia may be associated with diuretics, lithium, carbenoxolone, corticosteroids. Antacids, neomycin may reduce serum level of digoxin
Digoxin 50 mcg/ml Elixir
Lanoxin
Rapid digitalization, give in divided doses; PREMATURE: 20-30 mcg/kg; FULLTERM: 25-35 mcg/kg; CHILD 1-2 years : 35 to 60 mcg/kg; CHILD 25 years: 30-40 mcg/kg; CHILD 5-10 years: 20- 35 Heart failure, supraventricular arrhythmias (particularly mcg/kg; CHILD over 10 years: 10-15 mcg/kg. For daily atrial fibrillation) maintenance doses or for gradual digitalization, give 20% to 30% of oral digitalizing dose for premature infants or 25% to 35% of oral digitalizing dose for all other pediatric patients
Plasma concentration increased by quinidine, verapamil, nifedipine, amiodarone. Hypokalaemia may be associated with diuretics. Antacids and neomycin may reduce serum level of digoxin. Lithium, carbenoxolone, corticosteroids
Digoxin 500 mcg/2 ml Injection
Lanoxin
Heart failure with atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmias (particularly atrial fibrillation)
Rapid digitilisation: ADULT & CHILD over 10 years, initially 0.75 - 1.5 mg, followed by 250 mcg 6 hourly until digitilisation is complete
Plasma concentration increased by quinidine, verapamil, nifedipine, amiodarone. Hypokalaemia may be associated with diuretics, lithium, carbenoxolone, corticosteroids. Antacids, neomycin may reduce serum level of digoxin
Digoxin 62.5 mcg Tablet
Lanoxin
Heart failure, with atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmias (particularly, atrial fibrillation)
Rapid digitalisation: 1-1.5 mg in divided doses over 24 hours; less urgent digitalisation, 250 mcg-500 mcg daily (higher dose may be divided). Maintenance: 62.5 - 500 mcg dailly (higher dose may be divided) according to renal fuction, and in atrial fibrillation, on heart-response; usual range :125 - 250 mcg daily (lower doses may be appropriate in the elderly) ADULT: 30 - 60 mg every 4 - 6 hours. PAED, over 4 yrs: 0.5 - 1 mg/kg body weight every 4-6 hours 3-6 mg daily in divided doses
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, abdominal pains, salivation, sweating; headache, facial pain, malaise, fatigue, drowsiness, depression, disorientation, mental confusion, delirium, hallucination, visual disturbance. Ventricular premature contraction
Plasma concentration increased by quinidine, verapamil, nifedipine, amiodarone. Hypokalaemia may be associated with diuretics, lithium, carbenoxolone, corticosteroids. Antacids, neomycin may reduce serum level of digoxin Naltrexone : precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms.MAOIs, phenothiazines, CNS depressants, cimetidine Indinavir, saquinavir, sodium bicarbonate, macrolides, azole antifungal
Dihydrocodeine Tartrate 30 mg Tablet
DF 118
For the control of moderate to severe chronic pain Adjunct in elderly with mild to moderate dementia, prevention of migraine and vascular headache
GI disturbance, headache, vertigo, respiratory depression Nasal stuffiness, initially gastric upsets (take with food)
Dihydroergocristine or Co-dergocrine Hydergine Mesilate 1 mg Tablet
Respiratory depression, obstuctive airway disease, acute alcoholism, acute asthmatic attack Hypersensitivity to ergoloid mesilate products, acute or chronic psychosis
Diltiazem HCl 30 mg Tablet
Herbesser
Treatment of angina pectoris in the following cases: i) inadequate response or intolerance to beta-blockers 60 mg 3 times daily (elderly initially twice daily); and Isosorbide Dinitrate ii) contraindication to betaincreased if necessary to 360 mg daily blockers iii) coronary artery spasm
Headache, dizziness, peripheral oedema, gingival hyperplasia, AV block, bradycardia
Acute myocardial infarction with pulmonary congestion, atrial fibrillation or flutter (IV dose forms): i) Accessory bypass tract (WolffParkinson-White, Lown-Ganong-Levine) ii) Short PR syndromes. Hypersensitivity to this or other calcium channel blocker
Aspirin, beta-adrenergic blockers, carbamazepine, cimetidine, cisapride, cyclosporin, digitoxin, digoxin, enflurane, lithium, lovastatin, methylprednisolone, midazolam, nifedipine, oral anticoagulants, phenytoin, quinidine, rifampin, saquinavir, simvastatin
Dimercaprol 50 mg/ml Injection
BAL
Poisoning by antimony, arsenic, bismuth, gold, mercury, possibly thallium; adjunct (with calcium disodium edetate) in lead poisoning Antifoaming agent for use in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Dimethyl Polysiloxane 20 mg/ml Liquid
Babcon
Dinoprostone (Prostagladine E2) 3 mg Vaginal Tablet
Prostin E2
Induction of labour by vagina
Diosmin 450 mg and Hesperidin 50 mg Tablet Diphenhydramine HCl 10 mg/5 ml Elixir Diphenhydramine HCl 14 mg/5 ml and Ammonium Chloride 135 mg/5 ml Expectorant
Daflon
i) Haemorrhoids ii) Chronic venous insufficiency
By IM: 2.5 - 3 mg/kg every 4 hours for 2 days, 2 - 4 times on the third day, then 1 - 2 times daily for 10 days or until recovery. For ophthalmic use : instillation Pregnancy, hypertension, acute renal insufficiency of 50 mg/ml oily solution in conjunctival sac, within 5 minutes of contamination May possibly be associated with aspiration, 2-4 ml with 10 ml of water 15-40 minutes prior to especially in patients with tracheoesophageal endoscopic examination fistula Glaucoma elevated intraocular pressure, asthma or 3 mg vaginal tablet to be inserted high into the history of asthma. Cephalopelvic relationships posterior formix. A second 3 mg tablet may be carefully evaluated prior to use. During use, uterine inserted after 6-8 hours if labour is not established. activity, fetal status and progression of cervical Max 6 mg dilatation evaluated at frequent intervals. In patients with history of hypertonic uterine i) Acute attack: 6 tablets daily for the first 4 days, then 4 tablets daily in 2 divided doses for 3 days and 2 Lactation tablets thereafter. Chronic: 2 tablets daily ii) 2 tab daily with meals CHILD 2 - 6 years : 6.25 mg 3 - 4 times daily, 6- 12 years : 12.5 - 25 mg 3 - 4 times daily Renal or hepatic disease, glaucoma or in patients on MAOIs. May cause drowsiness, may impair ability to drive and operate machine
Nausea, vomiting, headache, tremor, rhinorrhoea, lacrimation, elevated blood pressure and pulse Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dyspepsia and flatulence, pharyngitis, rhinitis, skin rashes Gastrointestinal upsets, uterine hypercontractility with or without fetal bradycardia, rapid cervical dilatation with low Apgar score, headache Minor gastrointestinal disturbances, neurovegetative disorders Sedation, dizziness, coordination problems, dry mucous membranes, blurred vision, paradoxical CNS stimulation, nasal stuffiness, palpitation, epigastric discomfort Sedation, dizziness, coordination problems, dry mucous membranes, blurred vision, paradoxical CNS stimulation, nasal stuffiness, palpitation, epigastric discomfort
G6PD, alkyl mercury poisoning, hepatic insufficiency Hypersensitivity to simethicone intestinal perforation and obstruction Hypersensitivity to dinosprostone, pelvic inflammatory disease, extrauterine pregnancy, cephalopelvic disproportion, fetal distress, placenta previa, hypertonic or hyperactive uterine patterns, unexplained vaginal bleeding during current pregnancy Hypersensitivity to any component of preparation Hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine or other antihistamines of similar chemical structure, in breastfeeding, newborns or infants Hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine or other antihistamines of similar chemical structure, lactation, newborns or infants
Not known
Not known Oxytocin: an increased risk of oxytocic toxicity (uterine hyperstimulation). Wait at least 30 minutes after removal of vaginal insert before initiating oxytocin
Not known
Benadryl
Cough and allergic rhinitis
Additive effects if use with hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers. Actions prolonged by MAOIs Additive effects if use with hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers. Actions prolonged by MAOIs
Benadryl
Cough
Renal or hepatic disease, glaucoma or in patients ADULT : 5 - 10 ml 2 - 3 times daily. CHILD : 2.5 - 5 ml on MAOIs. May cause drowsiness, may impair 2 - 3 times daily ability to drive and operate machine
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Euphoria, paraesthesia, central nervous system effects, anoneurotic oedema and other allergic reactions, toxic megacolon, paralytic ileus, gastrointestinal disturbance. Atropine effects: Hyperthermia, tachycardia, urinary retention, flushing, dry skin and mucous membranes. At therapeutic dose- dryness of the mouth, difficulty in swallowing, thirst, reduce bronchial secretion, mydriasis with cycloplegia Pain, erythema or nodule at the injection site
Contraindications
Interactions
Diphenoxylate with Atropine Sulphate Lomotil Tablet
Acute diarrhoea
ADULT initially 4 tablet followed by 2 tablet 4 times daily until diarrhoea is controlled
Advanced hepatorenal disease, abnormal liver function, Down Syndrome
Hypersensitivity to diphenoxylate hydrochloride or atropine, jaundice, acute diarrhoeal conditions like antibiotic associated diarrhoea, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, acute Barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol, MAOIs ulcerative colitis and infective diarrhoeas. Paralytic ileus and a ganglionosis. Not recommended for use in children Hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine Hypersensitivity to any components of the vaccine Evolving encephalopathy with or without convulsions. Discontinue vaccination on subjects who exhibit strong reaction within 48 hours Chloramphenicol may inhibit immunologic response of tetanus toxoid Not known
Diphtheria and Tetanus Vaccine Injection Diphtheria Antitoxin Injection
Double antigen
Immunisation against diphtheria and tetanus
Diphtheria
Prophylactic: 2 or 3 doses by deep SC or IM injection, 0.5 or 1 ml. Each second dose at 4 - 6 weeks then 4 - Thrombocytopenia or other coagulation disorders 6 months. Booster at 4 - 6 years Therapeutic: 10,000 - 30,000 units by IM or IV. Sensitivity testing should be performed before the Increase to 40,000 - 100,000 units in severe cases. administration Doses up to 30,000 units may be given IM Presence of fever or acute infection. Do not administer this product intravascularly
Anaphylaxis, serum sickness Pain, erythema or nodule at injection site. Febrile reaction (38 - 39 degree celcius) up to 48 hours. Rarely, high fever (less than 40 degree celcius), high pitch crying syndrome, convulsions, encephalopathy, shock Redness, swelling and severe tenderness at injection site. Unusual crying, drowsiness, irritability, gastrointestinal symptoms and feeding problems
Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus and Tetramune/ Conjugated Haemophilus Type B 10 TETRAct-Hib mcg Vaccine
Immunisation of children against Haemophilus Type B 0.5 ml given by IM infections, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis
Not known
Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus and Hepatitis B Vaccine
Tritanrix-HB
Active immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and hepatitis B in infants from 6 weeks onwards
Primary vaccination: 3 doses of 0.5 ml each within the first 6 months of life. Administer each dose at intervals Thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorder of at least 4 weeks. A booster dose can be administered in the second year of life
In patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or patients with immunodeficiency, an Acute severe febrile illness, encephalopathy of adequate response may not be achieved. unknown aetiology. Hypersensitivity to any Incompatibilities: Until further data are available, component of the vaccine the vaccine should not be mixed with other vaccines in the same syringe with the exception of the lyophilised Hib vaccine (Hiberix)
Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus Vaccine Injection
Triple antigen
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Polio Virus, Haemophilus Influenza Type B Vaccine [DTaP-IPV- Hib]
Dipyridamole 75 mg Tablet
Persantin
Distigmine Bromide 5 mg Tablet
Ubretid
Dithranol 0.1 - 5% in Vaseline/ Ointment Dithranol 1 % in Lassars Paste
Dobutamine HCl 250 mg/20 ml Injection
Dobutrex
Any neurological disease, strong reaction to a previous pertussis vaccine injection: fever more than 40 degree celcius, shrieking syndrome, Chloramphenicol convulsions, shock happening within 48 hours of injection Convulsant or non-convulsant progressive encephalopathy. Children who have Do not administer IV/intradermal. Postpone experienced a strong reaction within 48 hours Immunisation of children against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Injection site reaction, fever, vomiting, Primary : 0.5 ml by IM at 1 - 2 months intervals vaccination in children with fever or acute disease. following a previous vaccination: fever 40C or Acellular Pertussis, Polio and Haemophilus Influenza diarrhoea, loss appetite, restlessness, anorexia, Not known Booster : Second year of life Patients on immunosuppressive treatment or with more, persistent crying syndrome, febrile or nonType B infection somnolence, fatigue immune deficiency febrile convulsion, hypotonus-hyporeactivity syndrome. Hypersensitivity to neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B Gastrointestinal effects, dizziness, myalgia, headache, hypotension, hot flushes and Rapidly worsening angina, aortic stenosis, recent As an adjunct to oral anticoagulation/ antiplatelet 75-150 mg 3 times daily to be taken 1 hour before Hypersensitivity to dipyridamole or tartrazine Adenosine, indomethacin, low molecular weight tachycardia, rash, urticaria, exacerbation of myocardial infarction, heart failure, may exacerbate therapy in the prophylaxis of cerebrovascular events meals dye (25 mg tablets) heparins, streptokinase, theophylline angina pectoris, bronchospasm and migraine, hypotension, myasthenia gravis angioedema, increased bleeding during and after surgery Severe constipation, intestinal or urinary obstruction or where increased muscular i) ADULT : 5 mg daily 30 minutes before breakfast. Dyspnoea, muscle twitching, urinary frequency, activity of urinary or gastrointestinal tract Increase at intervals of 3 - 4 days if necessary to Cardiac disorder, hyperthyrodism, epilepsy, nausea, vomiting, hyperperistalsis, abdominal i) Myasthenia gravis ii) Prevention and treatment of harmful, asthma, postoperative shock, serious maximum of 20 mg daily. CHILD : Up to 10 mg daily parkinsonism, bradycardia, duodenal ulcer, gastric cramps, increased salivation, diarrhea, muscle Antiarrythmics, antimalarials, antibacterials, post-operative intestinal atony, urinary retention and circulatory insufficiency, bile duct spasm or according to age ii) Urinary retention : 5 mg daily 30 ulcer, enteritis, hypotension, myocardial infarction, spasms, muscle weakness, seizures, lithium neurogenic bladder stenosis, congestive heart failure, minutes before breakfast. Neurogenic bladder : 5 mg tetany lacrimation, miosis, blurred vision, hypersensitivity to distigmine or bromides, daily or on alternate days 30 minutes before breakfast bronchospasm, menstrual-like bleeding lactation, parkinsonism, myotonia, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis Use on the face and genitals. Should not be Short contact treatment for plaque psoriasis and Use as short contact. Apply for not more than 5 hour May cause a burning sensation especially on Irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes Not known used for acute or pustular psoriasis or on alopecia areata then wash off. Apply carefully to lesions perilesional skin inflammed skin Use on the face and genitals. Should not be Treatment of quiescent or chronic psoriasis of the Apply liberally and carefully to the lesions with a May cause a burning sensation especially on Irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes Not known used for acute or pustular psoriasis or on skin, scalp and alopecia areata suitable applicator. A dressing may be applied perilesional skin inflammed skin Arrhythmias, hypovolaemia . May be ineffective in patients who have recently received a beta-blocker, Increased heart rate, blood pressure and Initial 0.5-1 mcg/kg/min by IV; maintenance 2.5-20 in such cases peripheral vascular resistance may ventricular ectopic activity, , anginal pain, Hypersensitivity to dobutamine, idiopathic Hypotension and heart failure mcg/kg/min by IV; titrate according to response; Beta-blockers, nitroprusside increase. Monitor EKG and blood pressure nonspecific chest pain, palpitations shortness of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis maximum dose 40 mcg/kg/min constantly, serum potassium, pulmonary wedge breath, nausea, headache pressure and cardiac output. Myocardial infarction Prophylactic immunisation against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus By deep SC or IM injection: 3 doses each of 0.5 or 1 ml with intervals of 6 - 8 weeks and 4 - 6 months respectively between the doses. Booster 1 and 5 years after primary immunisation Thrombocytopenia or other coagulation disorders Pain, erythema or nodule at the injection site, anaphylaxis, seizure i) 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour after doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles ii) 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour every 3 week in combination with doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 iii) Administer IV over 1 hour every 3 weeks. Chemotherapy-naive patients 75 mg/m2 immediately followed by 75 mg/m2 cisplatin over 30-60 mins or carboplatin (AUC 6 mg/mL/min) over 30-60 minutes. Monotherapy of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy 75 mg/m2 iv) 100 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour every 3 weeks v) 60-75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour every 3 weeks, administer with oral prednisolone 5 mg twice daily given continously and severe coronary artery disease.
Docetaxel 20 mg/0.5 ml Injection
Taxotere
i)Adjuvant treatment of patients with high risk nodepositive breast cancer in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ii) Breast cancer, locally advanced or metastatic, not previously on cytotoxic therapy, in combination with doxorubicin iii) First line therapy in non small cell lung cancer in stage 3- 4 and performance status 0 ? 1, in combination with cisplatin iv) Inoperable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, in combination with cisplatin and 5-FU for induction treatment v) Prostate cancer, in combination with prednisolone
All patients should receive premedication with corticosteroids against hypersensitivity reactions. Monitor blood counts, liver function tests. Avoid extravasation
Fluid retention syndrome, hypersensitivity reactions. rash, alopecia, oedema, peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, elevation of liver enzymes, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhoea, fatigue, weakness, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, dysrrhythmia, hypertension and heart failure
Hypersensitivity to docetaxel or Polysorbate 80, neutrophil count less than 1500 cells/mm. Severe liver impairment. Pregnancy and lactation
Increased risk of infection by the live vaccine. Drugs which affect liver cytochrome P450 enzyme system may affect the antitumour and toxic effects of docetaxel. Less toxicity if taxanes given before platinum compounds if combination of taxane and platinum is used
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
i) Adjuvant treatment of patients with high risk nodepositive breast cancer in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ii) Breast cancer, locally advanced or metastatic, not previously on cytotoxic therapy, in combination with doxorubicin iii) First line therapy in non small cell lung cancer in stage 3- 4 and performance status 0 ? 1, in combination with cisplatin iv) Inoperable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, in combination with cisplatin and 5-FU for induction treatment v) Prostate cancer, in combination with prednisolone
Dosage Form
i) 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour after doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles ii) 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour every 3 week in combination with doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 iii) Administer IV over 1 hour every 3 weeks. Chemotherapy-naive patients 75 mg/m2 immediately followed by 75 mg/m2 cisplatin over 30-60 mins or carboplatin (AUC 6 mg/mL/min) over 30-60 minutes. Monotherapy of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy 75 mg/m2 iv) 100 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour every 3 weeks v) 60-75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour every 3 weeks, administer with oral prednisolone 5 mg twice daily given continously Chronic dyspepsia : CHILD 2.5 mL/10 kg body weight 3 times daily and once more in the evening if necessary. Dosage may be doubled in adults & childs over 1 year. Acute and subacute conditions (particularly nausea and vomiting). CHILD: 5 mL/10 kg bodyweight. All to be taken 3-4 times daily
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Docetaxel 80 mg /2 ml Injection
Taxotere
All patients should receive premedication with corticosteroids against hypersensitivity reactions. Monitor blood counts, liver function tests. Avoid extravasation
Fluid retention syndrome, hypersensitivity reactions. rash, alopecia, oedema, peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, elevation of liver enzymes, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhoea, fatigue, weakness, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, dysrrhythmia, hypertension and heart failure
Hypersensitivity to docetaxel or Polysorbate 80, neutrophil count less than 1500 cells/mm. Severe liver impairment. Pregnancy and lactation
Increased risk of infection by the live vaccine. Drugs which affect liver cytochrome P450 enzyme system may affect the antitumour and toxic effects of docetaxel. Less toxicity if taxanes given before platinum compounds if combination of taxane and platinum is used
Domperidone 1 mg/ml Suspension
Motilium
Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, gastro-esophageal reflux
Baby under 1 year, hepatic impairment, renal insufficieny, pregnancy and lactation
Mild abdominal cramps, raised serum prolactin level
Domperidone 10 mg Tablet
Motilium
Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, gastro-esophageal reflux
Chronic dyspepsia ADULT 10 mg 3 times daily. Acute Dosage adjustment may be necessary in patients Mild abdominal cramps, raised serum prolactin and subacute conditions (particularly nausea and who are receiving domperidone concomitantly with level vomiting):ADULT 20 mg 3-4 times daily cimetidine,pregnancy, lactation
Known hypersensitivity to domperidone or any of the excipients. Prolactin-releasing pituitary tumour(prolactinoma). Should not be used when stimulation of gastric motility could be harmful: gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, mechanicalobstruction or perforation Known hypersensitivity to domperidone or any of the excipients. Prolactin-releasing pituitary tumour(prolactinoma.) Should not be used when stimulation of gastric motility could be harmful: gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, mechanical obstruction or perforation Hypersensitivity to donepezil hydrochloride and piperidine derivatives. Pregnancy and lactation
Donepezil HCl 10 mg Tablet
Aricept
Gastrointestinal disease or history of ulcer disease, Treatment of mild to moderate dementia in asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease or Diarrhoea, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, Alzheimer's disease, as well as in patients with severe 5 - 10 mg once daily at bedtime. Maximum 10 mg daily seizures or those receiving concurrent NSAIDs, insomnia, fatigue, dizziness, hallucination, Alzheimer's disease. [psychiatrists and neurologists pregnancy, cardiac conduction abnormalities, agitation, loss of appetite only] anaesthesia with succinylcholine Gastrointestinal disease or history of ulcer disease, Treatment of mild to moderate dementia in asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease or Diarrhoea, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, Alzheimer's disease, as well as in patients with severe 5 - 10 mg once daily at bedtime. Maximum 10 mg daily seizures or those receiving concurrent NSAIDs, insomnia, fatigue, dizziness, hallucination, Alzheimer's disease. [psychiatrists and neurologists pregnancy, cardiac conduction abnormalities, agitation, loss of appetite only] anaesthesia with succinylcholine Angina pectoris, conditions such as hypovolaemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis should be corrected prior to administration of dopamine. Patients allergic to sulfite. Patients receiving MAOIs will exhibit enhanced dopamine effects. Patients with pre-existing vascular damage secondary to atherosclerosis, diabetes, Raynaud's disease or frostbite since dopamine can produce peripheral necrosis or gangrene Patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment. Pregnancy and lactation. Children. Remove contact lens prior to administration and do not reinsert 15 minutes after use. Acute angle glaucoma, sensitivity to sulfonamide, concomitant use of oral carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors, conjunctivitis and lid reactions reported with chronic administration, ocular infection or inflammation, recent ocular surgery, reports of bacterial keratitis associated with the use of multiple dose containers of ophthalmic products May activate latent schizophrenia, exaggerate paranoid delusions, renal or hepatic impairment, Pregnancy, lactation and children less than 16 years
Donepezil HCl 5 mg Tablet
Aricept
Hypersensitivity to donepezil hydrochloride and piperidine derivatives. Pregnancy and lactation
MAOIs, antacids, antisecretory drugs, azole antifungals, macrolide antibiotics, HIV protease inhibitors, anticholinergic drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors. Antacids or antisecretory agents should be taken after meals when used concomitantly MAOIs, antacids, antisecretory drugs, azole antifungals, macrolide antibiotics, HIV protease inhibitors, anticholinergic drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors. Antacids or antisecretory agents should be taken after meals when used concomitantly Has the potential for synergistic activity with concurrent succinylcholine, other neuromuscular blocking agents or cholinergic agonist. Has the potential to interfere with drugs having anticholinergic activity. Muscle relaxants drugs, suxamethonium Has the potential for synergistic activity with concurrent succinylcholine, other neuromuscular blocking agents or cholinergic agonist. Has the potential to interfere with drugs having anticholinergic activity. Muscle relaxants drugs, suxamethonium
Dopamine HCl 40 mg/ml Injection
Intropin
Non-hypovolemic hypotension
Initial dose 2-5 mcg/kg/min with incremental changes of 5-10 mcg/kg/min at 10-15 minutes intervals until adequate response is noted. Most patients are maintained at less than 20 mcg/kg/min. If dosage exceeds 50mcg/kg/min, assess renal function frequently
Increased heart rate, blood pressure and ventricular ectopic activity, anginal pain, nonspecific chest pain, palpitations and shortness of breath, nausea, headache
Pheochromocytoma, tachyarrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation
Beta-blockers, methyldopa, phenytoin, tricyclic antidepressants
Dorzolamide HCl 2% Ophthalmic Solution
Trusopt
All glaucoma patients where beta-blockers are contraindicated and when intraocular pressure is not well controlled by other drugs
Monotherapy : 1 drop 3 times daily. Adjunctive therapy with an ophthalmic beta-blocker : 1 drop 2 times daily. When substituting for another ophthalmic antiglaucoma agent with this product, discontinue the other agent after proper dosing on one day and start Trusopt on the next day. If more than 1 topical ophthalmic drug is used, the drugs should be administered at least 10 mins apart
Burning, stinging, conjunctivitis, eyelid inflammation, eye itching, eyelid irritations, headache, bitter taste, nausea, itching, fatigue/asthenia, blurred vision, tearing. Rarely, Patients who are hypersensitive to any iridocyclitis and rash. Angioedema, component of this product bronchospasm, urticaria, pruritis, dizziness, paraesthesia, transient myopia (resolve upon discontinuation) and superficial punctate keratitis Drowsiness, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor, confusional state, disorientation, dizziness, anticholinergic effects, paraesthesia, hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, conduction defects, libido changes, nausea, vomiting, constipation, rash, pharyngitis, impotence, anemia Drowsiness, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor, confusional state, disorientation, dizziness, anticholinergic effects, paraesthesia, hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, conduction defects, libido changes, nausea, vomiting, constipation, rash, pharyngitis, impotence, anemia
High dose of salicylate therapy. Potential additive effect with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Dothiepin HCl 25 mg Capsule
Prothiaden
Depression of any aetiology
Initially 75 mg (ELDERLY 50-75 mg) daily in divided doses or single dose at bedtime, increased gradually as necessary to 150 mg daily (ELDERLY 75 mg may be sufficient), up to 225 mg daily in some circumstances. CHILD is not recommended Initially 75 mg (ELDERLY 50-75 mg) daily in divided doses or single dose at bedtime, increased gradually as necessary to 150 mg daily (ELDERLY 75 mg may be sufficient), up to 225 mg daily in some circumstances. CHILD is not recommended
Concomitant use of MAOIs, recovery phase of myocardial infarction, hepatic failure, epilepsy
Dothiepin HCl 75 mg Tablet
Prothiaden
Depression of any aetiology
May activate latent schizophrenia, exaggerate paranoid delusions, renal or hepatic impairment, Pregnancy, lactation and children less than 16 years
Concomitant use of MAOIs, recovery phase of myocardial infarction, hepatic failure, epilepsy
Doxazosin Mesilate 4 mg CR Tablet
Cardura XL
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
4 mg once daily
Gastrointestinal disorders, pregnancy, lactation, Postural hypotension, vertigo, headache, history of gastrointestinal obstruction, oesophageal fatigue, dizziness, oedema and asthenia obstruction
Hypersensitivity to doxazosin and other quinazolines
Alcohol, barbiturate, tranquilliser, MAOIs, anticholinergic, antihistamine, sympathomimetics, 5 HT agonist, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, clozapine, cyclosporine, digoxin, haloperidol, phenytoin, linezolid, metoclopramide, ritonavir, tramadol, lithium, NSAIs, thioridazine, warfarin Alcohol, barbiturate, tranquilliser, MAOIs, anticholinergic, antihistamine, sympathomimetics, 5 HT agonist, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, clozapine, cyclosporine, digoxin, haloperidol, phenytoin, linezolid, metoclopramide, ritonavir, tramadol, lithium, NSAIs, thioridazine, warfarin In patients currently on beta blockers, the first dose response (marked initial drop in blood pressure, particularly on standing) to an alpha-1 adrenergic blocking drug may be exaggerated, tadalafil, sildenafil, vardenafil
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Doxorubicin HCl 10 mg Injection
Adriamycin
i) 30 - 75 mg/m2 IV as a single dose at 21 day intervals ii) 25 - 45 mg/m2 once a week for the first 4 weeks during induction or re-induction phase (refer to specific protocol. Caution: Total cumulative dose of Cardiac failure, heart disease, hypertension. i) Solid tumours, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma doxorubicin must not exceed 550 mg/m2 due to risk of Previous radiotherapy to chest, elderly. Avoid in ii) Leukaemia (ALL induction) iii) Multiple myeloma cardiotoxicity. CHILD: 30 mg/m2/dose over 6 - 24 pregnancy and lactation. Avoid extravasation hours for 1 - 2 days. Need to check cardiac function closely by echocardiography every cumulative dose of 100 mg/m2 to maximum 360 mg/m2 iii) 9 mg/m2 over 24 hours infusion for 4 days at monthly intervals i) 30 - 75 mg/m2 IV as a single dose at 21 day intervals ii) 25 - 45 mg/m2 once a week for the first 4 weeks during induction or re-induction phase (refer to specific protocol. Caution: Total cumulative dose of Cardiac failure, heart disease, hypertension. i) Solid tumours, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma doxorubicin must not exceed 550 mg/m2 due to risk of Previous radiotherapy to chest, elderly. Avoid in ii) Leukaemia (ALL induction) iii) Multiple myeloma cardiotoxicity. CHILD: 30 mg/m2/dose over 6 - 24 pregnancy and lactation. Avoid extravasation hours for 1 - 2 days. Need to check cardiac function closely by echocardiography every cumulative dose of 100 mg/m2 to maximum 360 mg/m2 iii) 9 mg/m2 over 24 hours infusion for 4 days at monthly intervals Infections due to susceptible organisms ADULT: 200 mg on the first day followed by 100 mg daily. Severe infections: 200 mg daily ADULT: 200 mg on the first day followed by 100 mg daily. Severe infections: 200 mg daily CHILD over 8 years less than 45 kg body weight: 4.4 mg/kg body weight on first day, then 2.2 - 4.4 mg/kg/day Lactation, myasthenia gravis, hepatic or renal impairment Lactation, myasthenia gravis, hepatic or renal impairment Lactation, myasthenia gravis, hepatic or renal impairment
Alopecia, myelosuppression, mucositis, diarrhoea, hyperpigmentation of skin and nails, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, nausea, vomiting, discolouration of urine, palmar-plantar erythrodysethesia, pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, radiation recall reactions, second malignancy
Hypersensitivity to doxorubicin, marked myelosuppression induced by previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Previous treatment with tolerance doses of anthracyclines, significantly impaired cardiac function, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias or recent myocardial infarction.
Live vaccines, phenytoin, radiation therapy, mitomycin C, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, ciclosporin, digoxin, paclitaxel, phenobarbital, trastuzumab, stavudine, zidovudine
Doxorubicin HCl 50 mg Injection
Adriamycin
Alopecia, myelosuppression, mucositis, diarrhoea, hyperpigmentation of skin and nails, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, nausea, vomiting, discolouration of urine, palmar-plantar erythrodysethesia, pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, radiation recall reactions, second malignancy GI distress, anorexia, maculopapular and erythematous rash, tooth discolouration in children GI distress, anorexia, maculopapular and erythematous rash, tooth discolouration in children GI distress, anorexia, maculopapular & erythematous rash, tooth discolouration in children
Hypersensitivity to doxorubicin, marked myelosuppression induced by previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Previous treatment with tolerance doses of anthracyclines, significantly impaired cardiac function, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias or recent myocardial infarction. Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines/doxycycline, porphyria, pregnancy, lactation, children less than 12 years Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines/doxycycline, porphyria, pregnancy, lactation, children less than 12 years Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines/doxycycline, porphyria, pregnancy, lactation, child less than 12 years
Live vaccines, phenytoin, radiation therapy, mitomycin C, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, ciclosporin, digoxin, paclitaxel, phenobarbital, trastuzumab, stavudine, zidovudine
Doxycycline 100 mg Capsule
Vibramycin
Anticoagulants, penicillin, antacids, ferum, acitretin, isotretinoin, methotrexate Anticoagulants, penicillin, antacids, ferum, acitretin, isotretinoin, methotrexate Anticoagulants, penicillin, antacids, ferum, acitretin, isotretinoin, methotrexate Alluminium hydroxide or phosphate, magnesium carbonate or hydroxide or oxide or trisilicate, iron, digoxin, aurothioglucose
Doxycycline 100 mg Tablet
Vibramycin
Doxycycline 5 mg/ml Syrup
Vibramycin
Infections due to susceptible organisms i) Treatment of severe lead poisoning, it is used as adjunctive treatment following initial treatment with another chelating agent. May also be used as sole therapy in the treatment of asymptomatic patients with moderately elevated blood concentrations ii) Wilson's Disease: to aid in elimination of copper ions
D-Penicillamine 0.25 g Capsule
Cuprimine
i) 1.5 - 2 g daily in divided doses before food, maximum: 2 g daily for a year. Maintenance : 0.75 - 1 Allergy to penicillin, concomitant gold therapy, g daily ii) Initially 500 mg daily in divided doses, antimalarial, cytotoxic drug, renal dysfunction increased slowly over 3 months; usual maintenance : 1.25 g daily. Elderly not recommended History of mania/hypomania, seizures, renal impairment, elderly, liver transaminase elevations, pregnancy and lactation, suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression, controlled narrow-angle glaucoma, diabetes; may worsen glycemic control, hepatic impairment; increased risk of liver injury and aggravation of pre-existing liver disease, hepatic insufficiency; risk of drug toxicity History of mania/hypomania, seizures, renal impairment, elderly, liver transaminase elevations, pregnancy and lactation, suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression, controlled narrow-angle glaucoma, diabetes; may worsen glycemic control, hepatic impairment; increased risk of liver injury and aggravation of pre-existing liver disease, hepatic insufficiency; risk of drug toxicity Concurrent use of CYP3A4 enzyme inhibitors (e.g. ritonavir), capsules should not be handled by women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant due to the possibility of absorption of dutasteride through the skin and the potential risk of a fetal anomaly
Penicillamine-related aplastic Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, taste anaemia/agranulocytosis, hypersensitivity to disorders, proteinuria, myasthenia gravis, optic penicillamine producs, myasthenia gravis, neuritis, tinnitus pregnancy, lactation, rheumatoid arthritis patients with history of renal insufficient
Duloxetine 30 mg Capsule
Cymbalta
Major depressive disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain
ADULT: 60 mg once daily up to a maximum dose of 120mg/day (in divided doses) CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 years not recommended
Gastrointestinal disorders, excessive sweating, CNS disorders (eg dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, somnolence, blurred vision, dysuria), hepatotoxicity, suicidal thought, increased urinary frequency, increased libido, palpitation
Concomitant use with MAOIs, potent CYP1A2 inhibitors, hepatic or severe renal impairment, uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity to duloxetine or any other component of the product
Drugs metabolised by CYP2D6 (eg flecainide, vinblastine, carbamazepine, tricyclic antidepressants), potent CYP1A2 inhibitors/inducers, CNS-active drugs (eg diazepam, imipramine, phenytoin, haloperidol, alcohol)
Duloxetine 60 mg Capsule
Cymbalta
Major depressive disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain
ADULT: 60 mg once daily up to a maximum dose of 120mg/day (in divided doses) CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 years not recommended
Gastrointestinal disorders, excessive sweating, CNS disorders (eg dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, somnolence, blurred vision, dysuria), hepatotoxicity, suicidal thought, increased urinary frequency, increased libido, palpitation
Concomitant use with MAOIs, potent CYP1A2 inhibitors, hepatic or severe renal impairment, uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity to duloxetine or any other component of the product
Drugs metabolised by CYP2D6 (eg flecainide, vinblastine, carbamazepine, tricyclic antidepressants), potent CYP1A2 inhibitors/inducers, CNS-active drugs (eg diazepam, imipramine, phenytoin, haloperidol, alcohol)
Dutasteride 0.5 mg Capsule
Avodart
Benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged 0.5 mg daily prostate gland
Impotence, decrease libido, ejaculation disorders, gynaecomastia, breast tenderness, allergic reactions including rash, prutitus, urticaria and localized edema.
Severe hepatic impairment, women, child and adolescent
Verapamil, diltiazem, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, ketoconazole, ritonavir
Dydrogesterone 10 mg Tablet
Duphaston
Edrophonium Chloride 10 mg/ml Injection
Tensilon
i) 10 mg bd from day 5 - 25 of cycle ii) 10 mg bd - tds from day 5 - 25 of the cycle or continuously iii) To arrest bleeding :10 mg bd with an oestrogen once daily for 5 - 7 days, To prevent bleeding : 10 mg bd with an oestrogen once daily from day 11 - 25 of the Pregnancy cycle iv) 40 mg at once, then 10mg 8hrly until symptoms remit v) 10 mg bd until 20th week of pregnancy vi) 10-20 mg daily during last 12-14 days of each cycle. Overdosage may lead to a 'cholinergic crisis'. i) Intravenous injection on over several minutes, 500 - Patients who have undergone recent intestinal or 700 mcg/kg (after or with atropine sulphate 600 mcg) bladder surgery and in patients with bronchial i) For reversal of neuromuscular block ii) Diagnosis of ii) Intravenous injection 2 mg followed by 8 mg if no asthma and respiratory distress (extreme caution) myasthenia gravis response occurs within 30 seconds. CHILD: 20 mcg cardiovascular disorders including arrhythmias, followed by 80 mcg/kg after 30 seconds bradycardia, recent myocardial infarction and hypotension i) Dysmenorrhoea ii) Endometriosis iii) Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (to arrest and to prevent bleeding) iv) Threatened abortion v) Habitual abortion vi) Post menopausal complaints (hormone replacement therapy in combination with oestrogen)
Breakthrough bleeding, altered liver function, angioedema, haemolytic anaemia
Breast and genital cancers, abnormal vaginal bleeding
Enzyme inducing drugs such as carbamazepine, griseofulvin, phenobarbitone, phenytoin and rifampicin may enhance the clearance of progesterone. Progesterone may inhibit ciclosporin metabolism leading to increased plasma-ciclosporin
Increased gastrointestinal secretions, hypotension, bradycardia, increased salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, allergic reactions, seizure, increased frequency of urination, cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, respiratory tract paralysis
Gastrointestinal or urinary obstruction, hypersensitivity to edrophonium products, intestinal or urinary obstruction of the mechanical type
Antagonism effect by antimuscarinic. Succinylcholine
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
ADULT: 600 mg once daily. ADOLESCENT & CHILD less than 17 years, more than 40 kg: 600 mg once daily, 32.5 - less than 40 kg: 400 mg once daily, 25 less than 32.5 kg: 350 mg once daily, 20 - less than 25 kg: 300 mg once daily, 15 - less than 20 kg: 250 mg once daily, 13 - less than 15 kg: 200 mg once daily. No studies in children less than 3 years or less than 13 kg. Tablet formulation unsuitable for children less than 40 kg ADULT: 600 mg once daily. ADOLESCENT & CHILD less than 17 years, more than 40 kg: 600 mg once daily, 32.5 - less than 40 kg: 400 mg once daily, 25 less than 32.5 kg: 350 mg once daily, 20 - less than 25 kg: 300 mg once daily, 15 - less than 20 kg: 250 mg once daily, 13 - less than 15 kg: 200 mg once daily. No studies in children less than 3 years or less than 13 kg. Tablet formulation unsuitable for children less than 40 kg ADULT: 600 mg once daily. ADOLESCENT & CHILD less than 17 years, more than 40 kg: 600 mg once daily, 32.5 - less than 40 kg: 400 mg once daily, 25 less than 32.5 kg: 350 mg once daily, 20 - less than 25 kg: 300 mg once daily, 15 - less than 20 kg: 250 mg once daily, 13 - less than 15 kg: 200 mg once daily. No studies in children less than 3 years or less than 13 kg. Tablet formulation unsuitable for children less than 40 kg ADULT: 600 mg once daily. ADOLESCENT & CHILD less than 17 years, more than 40 kg: 600 mg once daily, 32.5 - less than 40 kg: 400 mg once daily, 25 less than 32.5 kg: 350 mg once daily, 20 - less than 25 kg: 300 mg once daily, 15 - less than 20 kg: 250 mg once daily, 13 - less than 15 kg: 200 mg once daily. No studies in children less than 3 years or less than 13 kg. Tablet formulation unsuitable for children less than 40 kg Use as a soap and emollient
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Amprenavir, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, rifamycins, clarithromycin, oral contraceptives, anticonvulsants, methadone, St. John's wort, sertraline, cetirizine, lorazepam. Other compounds that are substrates of CYP3A4 may have decreased plasma concentration when coadministered with efavirenz
Efavirenz 100 mg Capsule
Stocrin
Combination therapy for HIV infections with a protease inhibitor and or Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Pregnancy, lactation and renal impairment
Dizziness, nausea, headache, fatigue, rash including erythema multiforme & StevensJohnson Syndrome, allergic reaction, abnormal coordination, ataxia, confusion, stupor, vertigo, Hypersensitivity, concomitant terfenadine, vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatitis, impaired cisapride, midazolam, triazolam and ergot concentration, insomnia, anxiety, abnormal derivatives dreams, somnolence, depression, abnormal thinking, agitation, amnesia, delirium, emotional liability, euphoria, hallucination and psychosis Dizziness, nausea, headache, fatigue, rash including erythema multiforme & StevensJohnson Syndrome, allergic reaction, abnormal coordination, ataxia, confusion, stupor, vertigo, Hypersensitivity, concomitant terfenadine, vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatitis, impaired cisapride, midazolam, triazolam and ergot concentration, insomnia, anxiety, abnormal derivatives dreams, somnolence, depression, abnormal thinking, agitation, amnesia, delirium, emotional liability, euphoria, hallucination and psychosis Dizziness, nausea, headache, fatigue, rash including erythema multiforme & StevensJohnson Syndrome, allergic reaction, abnormal coordination, ataxia, confusion, stupor, vertigo, Hypersensitivity, concomitant terfenadine, vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatitis, impaired cisapride, midazolam, triazolam and ergot concentration, insomnia, anxiety, abnormal derivatives dreams, somnolence, depression, abnormal thinking, agitation, amnesia, delirium, emotional liability, euphoria, hallucination and psychosis Dizziness, nausea, headache, fatigue, rash including erythema multiforme & StevensJohnson Syndrome, allergic reaction, abnormal coordination, ataxia, confusion, stupor, vertigo, Hypersensitivity, concomitant terfenadine, vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatitis, impaired cisapride, midazolam, triazolam and ergot concentration, insomnia, anxiety, abnormal derivatives dreams, somnolence, depression, abnormal thinking, agitation, amnesia, delirium, emotional liability, euphoria, hallucination and psychosis Not known Hypersensitivity to any component
Stocrin
Stocrin
Efavirenz 600 mg Tablet
Stocrin
Pregnancy, lactation, renal impairment
Amprenavir, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, rifamycins, clarithromycin, oral contraceptives, anticonvulsants, methadone, St. John's wort, sertraline, cetirizine, lorazepam. Other compounds that are substrates of CYP3A4 may have decreased plasma concentration when coadministered with efavirenz Not known
Emulsificants Ointment
Xerosis and ichthyosis
Should not be used before phototherapy or in phototesting procedures Symptomatic hypotension likely to occur in volume depleted patients eg. by diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, dialysis, diarrhoea or vomiting, patients with heart failure with or without associated renal insufficiency. Caution in severe heart failure, especially ischemic heart or cerebrovascular disease. Patients with obstruction in the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Renal impairment patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a solitary kidney. Dosage reduction and or discontinuation of the diuretic and or enalapril may be required. Serum potassium should be monitored. Not recommended during pregnancy. Lactation. Children Symptomatic hypotension likely to occur in volume depleted patients eg. by diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, dialysis, diarrhoea or vomiting, patients with heart failure with or without associated renal insufficiency. Caution in severe heart failure, especially ischemic heart or cerebrovascular disease. Patients with obstruction in the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Renal impairment patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a solitary kidney. Dosage reduction and or discontinuation of the diuretic and or enalapril may be required. Serum potassium should be monitored. Not recommended during pregnancy. Lactation. Children
Enalapril 10 mg Tablet
Renitec
i) Hypertension ii) Congestive heart failure
i) Initially 5 mg daily, (ELDERLY 2.5 mg once daily), usual maintenance dose 10 - 20 mg daily. Maximum: 40 mg/day in 1 - 2 divided doses ii) Initially 2.5 mg daily, usual maintenance dose 20 mg daily in 1 - 2 divided doses; maximum: 40 mg/day
Dizziness, headache, diarrhoea, fatigue, asthenia, cough, orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalaemia, angioneurotic oedema (discontinue therapy)
Angioedema induced by other angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Hypersensitivity to this or any other angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Pregnancy (second and third trimesters particularly)
May have additive effects with other antihypertensives, potassium supplement, potassium-sparing diuretics or potassiumcontaining salt substitutes. Increased lithium level
Renitec
Angioedema induced by other angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. hypersensitivity to this or any other angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Pregnancy (second and third trimesters particularly)
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Symptomatic hypotension likely to occur in volume depleted patients eg. by diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, dialysis, diarrhoea or vomiting, patients with heart failure with or without associated renal insufficiency. Caution in severe heart failure, especially ischemic heart or cerebrovascular disease. Patients with obstruction in the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Renal impairment patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a solitary kidney. Dosage reduction and or discontinuation of the diuretic and or enalapril may be required. Serum potassium should be monitored. Not recommended during pregnancy. Lactation. Children
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Renitec
Angioedema induced by other angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Hypersensitivity to this or any other angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Pregnancy (second and third trimesters particularly)
Enoxaparin Sodium 20 mg Injection
Clexane
i) Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis(DVT) especially in perioperative and high risk surgical cases ii) Treatment of DVT iii) Unstable angina and non Q wave Myocardial Infarction
Carefully monitor patients for possible spinal or epidural bleeding and if neurological impairment is detected, treat immediately. Active or history of recent gastrointestinal ulceration and haemorrhage, i) Prophylaxis fo DVT especially in surgical patients: bacterial endocarditis, bleeding diathesis. moderate risk, 20 mg SC approximately 2 hours Concomitant therapy with agents that inhibit before surgery then 20 mg every 24 hours for platelets. Congenital or acquired bleeding minimum 7 - 10 days, high risk (eg orthopaedic disorders. Do not give via intramuscular injection. surgery, medical patients, 40mg every 24 hours for at Haemorrhagic symptoms, thrombocytopenia Active major bleeding, hypersensitivity to Elderly patients and patients with renal insufficiency least 6 days until patient ambulant, max 14 days. ii) (rare), haematomas & skin necrosis at injection enoxaparin, heparin, thrombocytopenia due to may experience delayed elimination of enoxaparin. Treatment of DVT or pulmonary embolism, 1.5 mg/kg site; skin allergies or systemic allergic reactions enoxaparin, acute GI ulcer Haemorrhagic stroke, post-op period following brain every 24 hours, usually for 5 days and until adequate & spinal cord or ophthalmological surgery. oral anticoagulation established. iii) Unstable angina Uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Use with and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction 1 extreme caution in patients with history of heparinmg/kg every 12 hours, usually for 2 - 8 days induced thrombocytopenia. Diabetic retinopathy, low molecular weight heparins or unfractionated heparin cannot be used interchangeably, unit for unit Carefully monitor patients for possible spinal or epidural bleeding and if neurological impairment is detected, treat immediately. Active or history of recent gastrointestinal ulceration and haemorrhage, i) Prophylaxis fo DVT especially in surgical patients: bacterial endocarditis, bleeding diathesis. moderate risk, 20 mg SC approximately 2 hours Concomitant therapy with agents that inhibit before surgery then 20 mg every 24 hours for platelets. Congenital or acquired bleeding minimum 7 - 10 days, high risk (eg orthopaedic disorders. Do not give via intramuscular injection. surgery, medical patients, 40mg every 24 hours for at Haemorrhagic symptoms, thrombocytopenia Active major bleeding, hypersensitivity to Elderly patients and patients with renal insufficiency least 6 days until patient ambulant, max 14 days. ii) (rare), haematomas & skin necrosis at injection enoxaparin, heparin, thrombocytopenia due to may experience delayed elimination of enoxaparin. Treatment of DVT or pulmonary embolism, 1.5 mg/kg site; skin allergies or systemic allergic reactions enoxaparin, acute GI ulcer Haemorrhagic stroke, post-op period following brain every 24 hours, usually for 5 days and until adequate & spinal cord or ophthalmological surgery. oral anticoagulation established. iii) Unstable angina Uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Use with and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction 1 extreme caution in patients with history of heparinmg/kg every 12 hours, usually for 2 - 8 days induced thrombocytopenia. Diabetic retinopathy, low molecular weight heparins or unfractionated heparin cannot be used interchangeably, unit for unit Carefully monitor patients for possible spinal or epidural bleeding and if neurological impairment is detected, treat immediately. Active or history of recent gastrointestinal ulceration and haemorrhage, i) Prophylaxis fo DVT especially in surgical patients: bacterial endocarditis, bleeding diathesis. moderate risk, 20 mg SC approximately 2 hours Concomitant therapy with agents that inhibit before surgery then 20 mg every 24 hours for platelets. Congenital or acquired bleeding minimum 7 - 10 days, high risk (eg orthopaedic disorders. Do not give via intramuscular injection. surgery, medical patients, 40mg every 24 hours for at Haemorrhagic symptoms, thrombocytopenia Active major bleeding, hypersensitivity to Elderly patients and patients with renal insufficiency least 6 days until patient ambulant, max 14 days. ii) (rare), haematomas & skin necrosis at injection enoxaparin, heparin, thrombocytopenia due to may experience delayed elimination of enoxaparin. Treatment of DVT or pulmonary embolism, 1.5 mg/kg site; skin allergies or systemic allergic reactions enoxaparin, acute GI ulcer Haemorrhagic stroke, post-op period following brain every 24 hours, usually for 5 days and until adequate & spinal cord or ophthalmological surgery. oral anticoagulation established. iii) Unstable angina Uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Use with and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction 1 extreme caution in patients with history of heparinmg/kg every 12 hours, usually for 2 - 8 days induced thrombocytopenia. Diabetic retinopathy, low molecular weight heparins or unfractionated heparin cannot be used interchangeably, unit for unit
Increased risk of haemorrhage when used with NSAIDs, ticlopidine, corticosteroids, dextran 40. May potentiate effects of oral anticoagulants. Vit K antagonists, anti-platelet drugs
Clexane
Clexane
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Entacapone and ferrous product should be taken at least 2 - 3 hours apart. Dosage of levodopa and other antiparkinson drugs may need to be adjusted when initiating entacapone. Effects of medicinal products metabolised by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) may be potentiated. MAO-A inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, medicinal products metabolized by COMT, selegiline, warfarin Drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase serum concentration of either entecavir or coadministered drug Methocarbamol, tolperisone HCl
Entacapone 200 mg Tablet
Comtan
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, urine may be coloured reddishbrown, dry mouth, dyskinesia, dizziness, anaemia, rarely elevated liver enzymes, Parkinson's Disease. An adjunct to standard gastrointestinal symptoms, insomnia, levodopa/benserazide or levodopa/carbidopa for use 200 mg to be taken with each daily dose of Levodopa-induced orthostatic hypotension may be hallucinations, confusion, paroniria, aggravated in patients with parkinson's disease and end of dose levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor. May be taken aggravated. Abrupt withdrawal parkinsonism, dizziness, dystonia, hyperkinesia, motor fluctuations, who cannot be stabilised on those with or without food fatigue, increased sweating, fall. Extremely rare combinations (potentially serious adverse reactions): Hepatitis, sudden sleep onset episodes, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, rhabdomyolysis First line treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B in patients who satisfy the criteria for treatment and require long- 0.5 mg once daily term therapy or have a very high baseline viral load Myotonic symptoms associated with cervical syndrome, periarthritis of shoulder and lumbago spastic paralysis Monitor hepatic function after treatment Swelling, erythema, pruritus, rash, stinging of discontinuation. Patient with renal impairment. Liver skin, burning sensation transplant recipients. Pregnancy and lactation Weakness, dizziness, insomnia, drowsiness, numbness or trembling in the extremities, hepatic and renal dysfunction/ haematological changes, rashes, GI disturbances, urinary disorders
Pregnancy and breast-feeding, hepatic impairment, phaeochromocytoma, history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome or nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant use with selective and nonselective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors
Entecavir 0.5 mg Tablet
Baraclude
Hypersensitivity to entecavir or to any component of the product
Eperisone HCl 50 mg Tablet
Myonal
50 mg 3 times daily
Hepatic disorders, drug hypersensitivity
Not known
Ephedrine 0.5% w/v Nasal Drops
Decongestion of the upper respiratory tract
2 drops 3 times daily. Maximum use for 1 week
Local irritation, after excessive use tolerance Caution in infant below 3 months if irritant occurs it with diminished effect, rebound congestion, might narrow nasal passage headache, nausea Nervousness, anxiety, apprehension, fear, tension, agitation, excitation, restlessness, weakness, irritability, insomnia, dizziness, lightheadness, vertigo, confusion, delirium, hallucinations or euphoria. Throbbing headache, respiratory difficulty, fever or a feeling of warmth, pallor, dryness of the nose and throat, precordial pain, sweating, mild epigastric distress, anorexia, nausea or vomiting. Acute urinary retention or difficulty in urination. May initially decrease urine formation. Palpitation and tachycardia. Extrasystoles and potentially fatal arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation especially in patients with organic heart disease Myelosuppression, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, cardiotoxicity (arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, myopericarditis syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive cardiac failure), alopecia, mucositis, vesicant, rash, hyperpigmentation of skin and nails, radiation recall reaction, discolouration of urine Myelosuppression, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, cardiotoxicity (arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, myopericarditis syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive cardiac failure), alopecia, mucositis, vesicant, rash, hyperpigmentation of skin and nails, radiation recall reaction, discolouration of urine Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, chest pain , palpitations, bradycardia, dyspnoea, hypertension, hypersensitivity reactions and ergotism has been reported. Cardiovascular effects, including arrhythmias and myocardial infarction and bronchospasm
Patients treated with MAOIs or within 10 days of Anaesthetics, antidepressants, ceasing such treatment, intranasal ephedrine antihypertensives, alpha adrenergic blockers, should not be used in children under 6 years of diuretic, MAOIs, methyldopa age
Ephedrine HCl 30 mg/ml Injection
Treatment of bronchial spasm in asthma, adjunct to correct haemodynamic imbalances and treat hypotension in epidural and spinal anaesthesia
By IM, SC or IV. Severe, acute bronchospasm : 12.525 mg. Further dosage should be determine by patient response. When used as a pressor agent : ADULT 25 50 mg SC/IM. If necessary, a second IM dose of 50 Angina pectoris, chronic heart disease. Chronic use mg or an IV dose of 25 mg may be given. Direct IV may cause an anxiety state. Prostatic hypertrophy, injection, 10 - 25 mg may be given slowly. Maximum pregnancy parenteral ADULT dose : 150 mg in 24 hours. CHILD : 3 mg/kg or 100 mg/m2 SC or IV daily, in 4 - 6 divided doses
Anaesthesia with cyclopropane or halothane, diabetes (for ephedrine injection). Hypersensitivity to ephedrine or other sympathomimetic amines. Hypertension or other cardiovascular disorders, obstetrical procedures with maternal blood pressure, lactation
Should not be administered concomitantly with other sympathomimetic agents. Alpha and betaadrenergic blocking agents. Cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbons general anaesthetics. MAOIs
Epirubicin 10 mg Injection
Pharmorubicin
Pre-existing cardiac disease, renal or liver 60 - 100 mg/m2 body area injected IV in 3 - 5 min, Breast cancer, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Leukaemia impairment, previous radiotherapy, elderly patients. repeated at 21 day intervals. CHILD: 50 mg/m2 over 6 (ALL induction), gastric cancer, ovarian cancer Avoid extravasation. Avoid cumulative doses hours. Schedule depends on protocol beyond 900 mg/m2
Hypersensitivity to anthracyclines, severe cardiac impairment, recent myocardial infarct, severe liver dysfunction, pregnancy, lactation
Paclitaxel and other anthracyclines, cimetidine, cyclophophamide, 5-fluorouracil, heparin, live vaccines, trastuzumab, zidovudine
Epirubicin 50 mg Injection
Adriamycin
Pre-existing cardiac disease, renal or liver 60 - 100 mg/m2 body area injected IV in 3 - 5 min, Breast cancer, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Leukaemia impairment, previous radiotherapy, elderly patients. repeated at 21 day intervals. CHILD: 50 mg/m2 over 6 (ALL induction), gastric cancer, ovarian cancer Avoid extravasation. Avoid cumulative doses hours. Schedule depends on protocol beyond 900 mg/m2
Hypersensitivity to anthracyclines, severe cardiac impairment, recent myocardial infarct, severe liver dysfunction, pregnancy, lactation
Paclitaxel and other anthracyclines, Cimetidine, cyclophophamide, 5-fluorouracil, heparin, live vaccines, trastuzumab, zidovudine
Ergometrine Maleate 0.5 mg/ml Injection
Prevention and treatment of postpartum and postabortal haemorrhage due to uterine atony
IM 200 - 1000 mcg and IV 250 - 500 mcg
Ertapenem 1 g Injection
Invanz
Patient with confirm ESBL producing gram-negative infection. Not for empirical therapy
ADULT: 1 g once daily. CHILD 3 month to 12 years: 15 mg/kg twice daily. Not to exceed 1 g/ day
Exacerbations of porphyria. Not recommended for routine use prior to delivery of the placenta. Patients with heart disease, hepatic dysfunction, hypertension, mitral valve stenosis, obliterative vascular disease, renal impairment, sepsis or venoarterial shunts. Hyperstimulation of the uterus during labor. Patients with calcium deficiency Known or suspected central nervous system disorders including seizure history, history of Diarrheoa, infused vein complication, phlebitis, hypersensitivity to other beta-lactams, meningitis, headache, nausea, vomiting, seizure, not recommended in the paediatric population due anaphylaxis, hallucination to lack of sufficient cerebrospinal fluid penetration
Induction of labour, in cases of threatened spontaneous abortion, and in patients with a history of hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reactions
Combined use of delavirdine and ergometrine may cause elevated ergometrine serum concentration. Avoid concomitant use with antivirals like indinavir,saquinavir etc
Hypersensitivity to ertapenem or other drugs of Probenecid prolongs half-life of ertapenem. same class, prior anaphylactic reactions to betaValproic acid, uricosuric agents, typhoid lactams, hypersensitivity to amide type vaccine anaesthetics, lidocaine-IM injection Can increase plasma concentration of warfarin, theophylline, carbamazepine, cyclosporin, possibly phenytoin. Combination with ergotamine increases risk of peripheral ischaemia. Caution when taken with terfenadine or astemizole Can increase plasma concentration of warfarin, theophylline, carbamazepine, cyclosporin, possibly phenytoin. Combination with ergotamine increases risk of peripheral ischaemia. Caution when taken with terfenadine or astemizole
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate 200 mg/5 ml Suspension
Erythrocin
CHILD: mild to moderate infection: 30 - 50 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses every 6 hours. For more severe infection this dose may be doubled. Doses may be given 2 - 3 times a day
Hepatic& renal impairment, myasthenia gravis
Abdominal discomfort, mild allergic reaction; liver dysfunction with or without jaundice; Hypersensitivity, porphyria reversible hearing loss, prolonged Q-T interval, ventricular arrhythmias, GI disturbances Abdominal discomfort, mild allergic reaction; liver dysfunction with or without jaundice; Hypersensitivity, porphyria reversible hearing loss, prolonged Q-T interval, ventricular arrhythmias, GI disturbances
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate 400 mg EES Tablet
ADULT: 400 mg 6 hourly or 800 mg 12 hourly. Maximum 4 g/day. CHILD: 30 - 50 mg/kg/day in 2 - 4 divided doses
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
CHILD: mild to moderate infection: 30 - 50 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses every 6 hours. For more severe infection this dose may be doubled. Doses may be given 2 - 3 times a day
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Can increase plasma concentration of warfarin, theophylline, carbamazepine, cyclosporin, possibly phenytoin. Combination with ergotamine increases risk of peripheral ischaemia. Caution when taken with terfenadine or astemizole Can increase plasma concentration of warfarin, theophylline, carbamazepine, cyclosporin, possibly phenytoin. Combination with ergotamine increases risk of peripheral ischaemia. Caution when taken with terfenadine or astemizole Can increase plasma concentration of warfarin, theophylline, carbamazepine, cyclosporin, possibly phenytoin. Combination with ergotamine increases risk of peripheral ischaemia. Caution when taken with terfenadine or astemizole
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate 400 mg/5 ml Suspension
Eryped
Abdominal discomfort, mild allergic reaction; liver dysfunction with or without jaundice; Hypersensitivity, porphyria reversible hearing loss, prolonged Q-T interval, ventricular arrhythmias, GI disturbances Phlebitis; mild allergic reaction; liver dysfunction Hypersensitivity, porphyria. Systemic: with or without jaundice, reversible hearing loss, concomitant use with ergot derivatives or prolonged Q-T interval, ventricular arrhythmias, cisapride GI disturbances Abdominal discomfort, mild allergic reaction; liver dysfunction with or without jaundice; Hypersensitivity, porphyria reversible hearing loss, prolonged Q-T interval, ventricular arrhythmias, GI disturbances
Erythromycin Lactobionate 500 mg Injection
Erythrocin
Only for treatment of i) certain forms of meningitis ii) septicaemia not responding to usual antibiotics iii) ADULT& CHILD: 15 - 20 mg/kg/day in divided doses mycoplasma pneumonia iv) infection with gramby IV infusion or intermittently by slow IV over 1 hour Hepatic& renal impairment, myasthenia gravis positive organisms (e.g. tetanus, streptococcal at intervals not more than 6 hourly. Maximum: 4 g/day infection) associated with Penicillin allergy, only when oral erythromycin cannot be given ADULT: 250 - 500 mg 6 hourly. CHILD: 30 - 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses
Erythromycin Stearate 250 mg Tablet Erythrocin
Infections due to susceptible organism
Erythropoietin Human Recombinant 10,000 IU/ml Injection
Eprex
i) Treatment of anaemia associated with chronic renal failure. Dialysis patients who are haemoglobin less than 8 g or exhibiting symptoms of anaemia although haemoglobin more than 8 g and pre-transplant cases ii) Anaemia in cancer (non-myeloid malignancies) with concomitant chemotherapy
i) ADULT by IV injection over 1-5 minutes, initially 50 units/kg 3 times weekly adjusted according to response in step of 25 units/kg 3 times weekly at interval of at least 4 weeks. CHILD initially as for adult. Maintenance, bodyweight under 10 kg usually 75-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight 10-30 kg usually 60-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight over 30 kg usually 30-100 units/kg 3 times weekly ii) ADULT by SC injection (max. 1 ml per injection site), initially 150 units/kg 3 times weekly, increased if appropriate rise in haemoglobin not achieved after 4 weeks to 300 units/kg 3 times weekly. Discontinue if inadequate response after 4 weeks at higher dose i) ADULT by IV injection over 1-5 minutes, initially 50 units/kg 3 times weekly adjusted according to response in step of 25 units/kg 3 times weekly at interval of at least 4 weeks. CHILD initially as for adult. Maintenance, bodyweight under 10 kg usually 75-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight 10-30 kg usually 60-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight over 30 kg usually 30-100 units/kg 3 times weekly ii) ADULT by SC injection (max. 1 ml per injection site), initially 150 units/kg 3 times weekly, increased if appropriate rise in haemoglobin not achieved after 4 weeks to 300 units/kg 3 times weekly. Discontinue if inadequate response after 4 weeks at higher dose i) ADULT by IV injection over 1-5 minutes, initially 50 units/kg 3 times weekly adjusted according to response in step of 25 units/kg 3 times weekly at interval of at least 4 weeks. CHILD initially as for adult. Maintenance, bodyweight under 10 kg usually 75-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight 10-30 kg usually 60-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight over 30 kg usually 30-100 units/kg 3 times weekly ii) ADULT by SC injection (max. 1 ml per injection site), initially 150 units/kg 3 times weekly, increased if appropriate rise in haemoglobin not achieved after 4 weeks to 300 units/kg 3 times weekly. Discontinue if inadequate response after 4 weeks at higher dose i) ADULT by IV injection over 1-5 minutes, initially 50 units/kg 3 times weekly adjusted according to response in step of 25 units/kg 3 times weekly at interval of at least 4 weeks. CHILD initially as for adult. Maintenance, bodyweight under 10 kg usually 75-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight 10-30 kg usually 60-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight over 30 kg usually 30-100 units/kg 3 times weekly ii) ADULT by SC injection (max. 1 ml per injection site), initially 150 units/kg 3 times weekly, increased if appropriate rise in haemoglobin not achieved after 4 weeks to 300 units/kg 3 times weekly. Discontinue if inadequate response after 4 weeks at higher dose
Erythropoietin Human Recombinant 1000 IU/0.5ml Injection
Eprex
Eprex
Eprex
To minimize the risk of hypertension, the rate of increase in haemoglobin should not exceed 2 g/dL/month. Measure haemoglobin levels once weekly until levels stabilise and periodically thereafter, more frequent monitoring should be done in patients with a baseline haemoglobin of more than 14 g/dL. History of seizures, gout, porphyria. Conditions associated with thrombotic or vascular events, hepatic dysfunction. Monitor platelet count during first 8 week of therapy. Evaluate ferrous stores during therapy. Ferrous substitution is recommended for patients whose serum ferritin levels are 15 g/dL. Ischaemic heart disease, chronic heart failure. Pregnancy and lactation To minimize the risk of hypertension, the rate of increase in haemoglobin should not exceed 2 g/dL/month. Measure haemoglobin levels once weekly until levels stabilise and periodically thereafter, more frequent monitoring should be done in patients with a baseline haemoglobin of more than 14 g/dL. History of seizures, gout, porphyria. Conditions associated with thrombotic or vascular events, hepatic dysfunction. Monitor platelet count during first 8 week of therapy. Evaluate ferrous stores during therapy. Ferrous substitution is recommended for patients whose serum ferritin levels are 15 g/dL. Ischaemic heart disease, chronic heart failure. Pregnancy and lactation To minimize the risk of hypertension, the rate of increase in haemoglobin should not exceed 2 g/dL/month. Measure haemoglobin levels once weekly until levels stabilise and periodically thereafter, more frequent monitoring should be done in patients with a baseline haemoglobin of more than 14 g/dL. History of seizures, gout, porphyria. Conditions associated with thrombotic or vascular events, hepatic dysfunction. Monitor platelet count during first 8 week of therapy. Evaluate ferrous stores during therapy. Ferrous substitution is recommended for patients whose serum ferritin levels are 15 g/dL. Ischaemic heart disease, chronic heart failure. Pregnancy and lactation To minimize the risk of hypertension, the rate of increase in haemoglobin should not exceed 2 g/dL/month. Measure haemoglobin levels once weekly until levels stabilise and periodically thereafter, more frequent monitoring should be done in patients with a baseline haemoglobin of more than 14 g/dL. History of seizures, gout, porphyria. Conditions associated with thrombotic or vascular events, hepatic dysfunction. Monitor platelet count during first 8 week of therapy. Evaluate ferrous stores during therapy. Ferrous substitution is recommended for patients whose serum ferritin levels are 15 g/dL. Ischaemic heart disease, chronic heart failure. Pregnancy and lactation
Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, increased blood pressure, hypertensive crisis, thrombocytosis, skin reactions at injection site (SC). Hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia, increased BUN and uric acid, increased creatinine (especially in chronic renal failure patients)
Uncontrolled hypertension. In elective surgery patients not participating in an autologous blood pre-donation programme who have severe Potentiated by hematinic agents. Dose coronary, peripheral, arterial, carotid or adjustment required if given together with cerebrovascular diseases including patients ciclosporin with recent myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Eprex
To minimize the risk of hypertension, the rate of i) ADULT by IV injection over 1-5 minutes, initially 50 increase in haemoglobin should not exceed 2 units/kg 3 times weekly adjusted according to g/dL/month. Measure haemoglobin levels once response in step of 25 units/kg 3 times weekly at weekly until levels stabilise and periodically interval of at least 4 weeks. CHILD initially as for adult. thereafter, more frequent monitoring should be Maintenance, bodyweight under 10 kg usually 75-150 done in patients with a baseline haemoglobin of units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight 10-30 kg usually more than 14 g/dL. History of seizures, gout, 60-150 units/kg 3 times weekly, bodyweight over 30 porphyria. Conditions associated with thrombotic or kg usually 30-100 units/kg 3 times weekly ii) ADULT vascular events, hepatic dysfunction. Monitor by SC injection (max. 1 ml per injection site), initially platelet count during first 8 week of therapy. 150 units/kg 3 times weekly, increased if appropriate Evaluate ferrous stores during therapy. Ferrous rise in haemoglobin not achieved after 4 weeks to 300 substitution is recommended for patients whose units/kg 3 times weekly. Discontinue if inadequate serum ferritin levels are 15 g/dL. Ischaemic heart response after 4 weeks at higher dose disease, chronic heart failure. Pregnancy and lactation i) 10 mg once daily; may be increased to max 20 mg daily. ii) Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia :Initially 5 mg for the first week, thereafter increased to 10 mg daily. May be further increased up to max 20 mg daily, dependent on individual patient response. ELDERLY initially half adult dose, lower maintenance dose may be sufficient. CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 years not recommended
Escitalopram 10 mg Tablet
Lexapro
i) Treatment of major depressive episodes ii) Treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia
Dizziness, headache, nausea, sweating, Paradoxical anxiety, seizures, mania, diabetes, somnolence, insomnia, constipation, diarrhoea, suicidal tendencies, hyponatraemia, haemorrhage, decreased appetite, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, electroconvulsive therapy, reversible selective MAO- pyrexia, sinusitis, yawning, rash, Steven A inhibitors, serotonin syndrome, St John's Wort, Johnson Syndrome, rhinitis, blurred vision, Concurrent use of MAOIs or within 14 days of lactation, renal and hepatic function impairment, nasal congestion, prolactinemia, dry mouth, discontinuing MAOS treatment abnormal bleeding, avoid abrupt discontinuation, decrease prothrombin, hepatic failure, may activate hypomania or mania, concomitant use hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, suicidal ideation, of NSAIDs diaphoresis, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH)
MAOI, selegiline, lithium, tryptophan, agents that may lower seizure threshold, St John's Wort, omeprazole, high doses of cimetidine, drugs metabolised by CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzymes, alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs, warfarin, carbamazepine, ketoconazole, linezolid, tramadol, metoprolol, 5 HT agonist, gingko, lamotrigine
Esmolol HCl 10 mg/ml Injection
Brevibloc
Esomeprazole 20 mg Tablet
Nexium
Esomeprazole 40 mg Injection
Nexium
Esomeprazole 40 mg Tablet
Nexium
Anaesthesia/surgery (myocardial depression), atrial fibrillation (hypotension occurs more frequently in these patients), avoid abrupt withdrawal, gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Bronchospastic disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus. Due to the potency and By IV infusion usually within range of 50 - 200 rapid onset of clinical effects, small initial doses are Tachycardia and hypertension in perioperative period mcg/kg/min recommended, the infusion rate should be controlled carefully, preferably with a volumetric infusion pump. Elderly patients (hypotension occurs more frequently in these patients), hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis, myasthenic conditions, peripheral vascular disease, postoperative patients (hypotension occurs more frequently in these patients) and renal disease Exclude gastric malignancy prior to treatment. Severe renal or hepatic insufficiency. Pregnancy; lactation (discontinue). Long-term treatment should be kept under regular surveillance. Fructose i)20mg daily for 4-8 weeks ii)40mg daily for 10 days in i)Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ii)H. pylori intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or combination with amoxicillin 1g twice daily or eradication sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency. Monitoring when clarithromycin 500mg twice daily initiating and ending concomitant treatment with warfarin.Severe liver impairment, Hypersensitivity reactions e.g., angioedema and anaphylactic reaction/shock have been reported Exclude gastric malignancy prior to treatment. Severe renal or hepatic insufficiency. Pregnancy; lactation (discontinue). Long-term treatment should i) Acute erosive/ ulcerative oesophagitis ii) Non i) 20- 40 mg once daily for 2-5 days ii) 80 mg by IV be kept under regular surveillance. Fructose variceal upper gastrointestinal bleed bolus followed by 8mg/hour infusion for 72 hours intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency. Monitoring when initiating and ending concomitant treatment with warfarin. Severe liver impairment Exclude gastric malignancy prior to treatment. Severe renal or hepatic insufficiency. Pregnancy; lactation (discontinue). Long-term treatment should be kept under regular surveillance. Fructose i)20mg daily for 4-8 weeks ii)40mg daily for 10 days in i)Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ii)H. pylori intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or combination with amoxicillin 1g twice daily or eradication sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency. Monitoring when clarithromycin 500mg twice daily initiating and ending concomitant treatment with warfarin.Severe liver impairment, Hypersensitivity reactions e.g., angioedema and anaphylactic reaction/shock have been reported Nutritional supplement in liver disorders ADULT 1-2 capsules three times daily with meals Not Known Hormone replacement therapy for oestrogen deficiency symptoms in women more than 1 year after 1 tablet per day without interruption menopause and prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women
Hypotension, dizziness, somnolence, confusions, headache, agitation, fatigue, nausea and vomiting
Hypersensitivity to esmolol products, bradycardia, heart block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock
Catecholamine-depleting drugs. Concomitant use with verapamil (caution in patients with depressed myocardial function)
Abdominal pain , constipation , diarrhoea , dyspepsia , flatulence , nausea , dizziness, Hypersensitivity to esomeprazole, in patients headache erythema multiforme , Stevenswith known hypersensitivity to any component Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, of the formulation dermatitis
Citalopram, imipramine, clomipramine, phenytoin, diazepam, ketoconazole , itraconazole, warfarin, effects on absorption, effects on hepatic metabolism/cytochrome P450 pathways,clarithromycin and amoxicillin (increase esomeprazole and 14hydroxyclarithromycin plasma level) Citalopram, imipramine, clomipramine, phenytoin, diazepam, ketoconazole , itraconazole, warfarin,effects on absorption, effects on hepatic metabolism/cytochrome P450 pathways,clarithromycin and amoxicillin (increase esomeprazole and 14hydroxyclarithromy) Citalopram, imipramine, clomipramine, phenytoin, diazepam, ketoconazole , itraconazole, warfarin, effects on absorption, effects on hepatic metabolism/cytochrome P450 pathways,clarithromycin and amoxicillin (increase esomeprazole and 14hydroxyclarithromycin plasma level) Cholestyramine, colestipol or antacids containing aluminium hydroxide Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, ketoconazole
Abdominal pain , constipation , diarrhoea , dyspepsia , flatulence , nausea , dizziness, Hypersensitivity to esomeprazole in patients headache erythema multiforme , Stevenswith known hypersensitivity to any component Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, of the formulation dermatitis
Abdominal pain , constipation , diarrhoea , dyspepsia , flatulence , nausea , dizziness, Hypersensitivity to esomeprazole, in patients headache erythema multiforme , Stevenswith known hypersensitivity to any component Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, of the formulation dermatitis
Essential Phospholipids Capsule Estradiol 1 mg & Norethisterone Acetate 0.5 mg Tablet
Essentiale
Not known
Not known
Activelle
Pregnancy and lactation, cancer of the breast, History of thrombosis, hypertension, diabetes, liver Breast tenderness, headache, abdominal pain, hormone dependent tumour, deep vein disorder, endometriosis nausea, flatulence, breast enlargement thrombosis, acute or chronic liver disease
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Estradiol 1 mg (14 tablet) & Estradiol 1 mg with Dydrogesterone 10 mg (14 Femoston 1/10 tablet)
Hormone Replacement Therapy for women with disorders due to natural or surgically induced menopause with intact uteri
Periodic general and gynaecological exam and mammogram should be instituted. Patients in the One tablet daily without pill-free interval, starting with 1 perimenopausal phase are advised to take nonmg of Estradiol for first 14 days, followed by 1mg hormonal contraceptive precautions. Interruption of Breast tenderness, nausea, headache, Estradiol with 10 mg Dydrogestrone daily for the next HRT 1 month before surgery should be considered. oedema, breakthrough bleedings, skin reactions 14 days Epilepsy, migraine, cardiac failure, hypertension, porphyria, haemoglobinopathies, otosclerosis, uterine leiomyomata, endometriosis, lactation
Estradiol 1 mg with Dydrogesterone 5 Femoston Conti mg Tablet
i) Hormone replacement therapy for the relief of symptoms due to oestrogen deficiency ii) Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women with a uterus
One tablet daily, taken continuously without interruption. Should be used only in postmenopausal women more than 12 month after menopause
Estradiol Valerate 1 mg Tablet
Progynova
Oestrogen replacement therapy - only those who cannot tolerate Premarin
1 mg daily continuously or 21 day regimen with 1 week of tablet free interval
Estradiol Valerate 2 mg and Norgestrel 500 mcg with Estradiol Valerate 2 mg Tablet
Progyluton
Pre and post menopausal syndrome, primary and secondary amenorrhea, menstrual irregularities. Deficiency symptoms after oophorectomy or radiological castration for noncarcinomatous disease
Start on the 5th day of menstrual cycle - 1 tab daily for 21 days then stop for 7 days. If patient forgets dose at usual time, it should be taken within following 12 hours
Etanercept 25 mg Injection
Enbrel
i) Moderately to severe rheumatoid arthritis as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with inadequate response to MTX alone. ii) Active polyarticular-course juvenile chronic arthritis in children 4-17 years with inadequate response to, or who have proved intolerant of MTX. iii) Psoriatic arthritis as monotherapy or in combination with MTX in patients inadequate response to MTX alone.
i) Rheumatoid arthritis: ADULT: 25 mg twice weekly at intervals of 72-96 hours. ii) Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis CHILD: more than 4 years: 0.4 mg/kg body weight twice weekly at intervals of 72-96 hours and over. Maximum dosage: 25 mg. iii) Psoriatic arthritis: ADULT: initially 25-50 mg twice weekly for up to 12 weeks then reduced to 25 mg twice weekly.
Ethambutol HCl 200 mg Tablet
Myambutol
Tuberculosis
ADULT & CHILD more than 13 years: Initial treatment: 15 mg/kg as a single daily dose 24 hourly. Retreatment: 25 mg/kg/day as a single dose 24 hourly. Concurrent anti-TB drug required. After 60 days, decrease to 15 mg/kg body weight as single dose 24 hourly ADULT & CHILD more than 13 years: Initial treatment: 15 mg/kg as a single daily dose 24 hourly. Retreatment: 25 mg/kg/day as a single dose 24 hourly. Concurrent anti-TB drug required. After 60 days, decrease to 15 mg/kg body weight as single dose 24 hourly
Ethambutol HCl 400 mg Tablet
Myambutol
Tuberculosis
Known or suspected carcinoma of the breast, endometrial carcinoma or other hormone dependent neoplasia. Acute or chronic liver disease. History of liver disease where the liver function tests have not returned to normal. History of venous thromboembolic diseases (e.g. deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). Abnormal genital bleeding. Known or suspected pregnancy Known or suspected carcinoma of the breast, Periodic general and gynaecological exam and endometrial carcinoma or other hormone mammogram should be instituted. Patients in the dependent neoplasia. Acute or chronic liver perimenopausal phase are advised to take nondisease. History of liver disease where the liver hormonal contraceptive precautions. Interruption of Breast tenderness, nausea, headache, function tests have not returned to normal. HRT 1 month before surgery should be considered. oedema, breakthrough bleedings, skin reactions History of venous thromboembolic diseases Epilepsy, migraine, cardiac failure, hypertension, (e.g. deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary porphyria, haemoglobinopathies, otosclerosis, embolism). Abnormal genital bleeding. Known uterine leiomyomata, endometriosis, lactation or suspected pregnancy Associated with adverse lipoprotein metabolism, Severe liver disease, breast cancer (except impairment of glucose tolerance, possible metatastic disease), oestrogen dependent enhancement of mitotic activity in breast epithelial Headache, nausea, hypertension, myocardia infarction, thromboembolism, vaginal bleeding, neoplasia, known or suspected pregnancy, tissue. Hypercoagulability, familial breast tension, increase in body weight undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, hyperlipoproteinaemia, fluid retention, uterine thromboembolic disorders bleeding and mastodynia, impaired liver function and aspirin hypersensitivity (tartazine dye) Known or suspected pregnancy, including use for missed abortion or as a diagnostic test for Changes in vaginal bleeding pattern, change in pregnancy. Oestrogen or progestin may cause amount of cervical secretion, premenstrual-like- foetal harm when administered to a pregnant syndrome, cystitis-like-syndrome, increase in woman. Known or suspected cancer of the size of uterine leiomyomata, vaginal breast. Known or suspected oestrogen Asthma, epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, cardiac candidiasis, amenorrhoea, changes in cervical dependent neoplasm, severe liver dysfunction, or renal dysfunction, endometrial hyperplasia, erosion, nausea, cholestatic jaundice, changes jaundice or severe pruritus during a previous metabolic bone diseases, endometrial cancer, in appetite, vomiting, abdominal cramps, pregnancy, previous or existing liver tumours, breast cancer, gall bladder disease, pancreatitis, bloating, increased incidence of gall bladder existing or suspected hormone-dependent lactation, surgery, liver disorders, enlargement of disease, pancreatitis. Headache, dizziness, tumours of uterus or mammae. Severe diabetes uterine fibromyomata mental depression, nervousness, migraine. with vascular changes, previous or existing Increase or decrease in weight, oedema, thromboembolic processes, endometriosis, changes in libido, fatigue, backache, reduced disturbances of lipometabolism, a history of carbohydrate tolerance, aggravation of herpes gestationis, otosclerosis with porphyria, pyrexia, anaphylactoid reactions deterioration during previous pregnancies, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome, sickle-cell anemia Injection site reactions, serious and fatal History of recurring or chronic infections, underlying infections due to bacteria, mycobacteria conditions which may predispose patients to (including TB), viruses and fungi, worsening of infections, blood dyscrasias, preexisting or recent CHF, abdominal pain, vomiting, multiple Sepsis or risk of sepsis, serious active onset of CNS demyelinating disease or patients at sclerosis, cough, rhinitis, anemia, leukopenia, infections, including chronic or localized increased risk of developing demyelinating disease, neutropenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, infections, pregnancy and lactation, known CHF. Discontinue if serious infection or serious autoimmune hepatitis, optic neuritis, allergic hypersensitivity allergic/anaphylactic reaction develops. Avoid reactions, autoantibody formation; fever; concurrent administration with anakinra and live pruritus,; infections (including upper respiratory vaccines. Pregnancy and lactation tract infections, bronchitis, cystitis, skin infections) Generally well tolerated but may provoke reversible retrobulbar neuritis with a reduction of visual acuity, central scotoma& green-red Reduced visual acuity. Reduced dosage in Optic neuritis; history of previous adverse colour blindness, allergic rashes, GI impaired renal function. May precipitate attack of effects with ethambutol disturbances, jaundice, peripheral neuritis, gout. Ocular examination is recommended confusion, hallucinations, joint pain, fever, malaise, headache, dizziness, anorexia& abdominal pain Generally well tolerated but may provoke reversible retrobulbar neuritis with a reduction of visual acuity, central scotoma& green-red Reduced visual acuity. Reduced dosage in Optic neuritis; history of previous adverse colour blindness, allergic rashes, GI impaired renal function. May precipitate attack of effects with ethambutol disturbances, jaundice, peripheral neuritis, gout. Ocular examination is recommended confusion, hallucinations, joint pain, fever, malaise, headache, dizziness, anorexia& abdominal pain Not known Not known Hypersensitivity to iohexol/iopromide products, intrathecal corticosteroids, immediate repeat myelography, local or systemic infection
Barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampicin, carbamazepine
Barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampicin, carbamazepine
Barbiturates, phenylbutazone, hydantoins, rifamcipin and ampicillin may impair action of the drug. Requirements for oral antidiabetics and insulin can change
Rifampicin, barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampicin, phenylbutazone, ampicillin. Requirements for oral antidiabetics and insulin can change
Anakinra, sulfasalazine and live vaccines
Aluminium hydroxide, ethionamide
Aluminium hydroxide, ethionamide
Ether Solvent
To remove adhesive plaster from the skin
Dose depending on the route and procedure
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Ethosuximide 250 mg/5 ml Syrup
Zarontin
Absence seizures
ADULT: Initially, 500 mg daily. Increased by 250 mg at intervals of 4-7 days to usual dose of 1-1.5 g daily. Maximum: Up to 2 g, under strict supervision. CHILD: Greater than or equal to 6 years: Same as adult dose; less than 6 years: Initially, 250 mg daily. Increased gradually to usual dose of 20 mg/kg daily. Maximum: Children greater than or equal to 6 years: Same as adult dose; less than 6 years: Up to 1 g
Ethyl Chloride Spray
For minor surgical procedures including lancing boils, incision and drainage of small abscesses, pain due to Spray to affected area at a distance of about 30cm athletic injuries and pain due to injection until a fine white film is produced administration
Etomidate 20 mg/10 mg Injection
Etomidate Lipuro
Induction of general anaesthesia for haemodynamically unstable patients
CHILD greater 10 years and ADULT: 0.15 - 0.3 mg/kg ELDERLY: 0.15 mg/kg - 0.2 mg/kg
Etoposide 100 mg Capsule
Vepesid
Etoposide 100 mg/5 ml Injection
Vepesid
Etoposide 25 mg Capsule
Vepesid
i) 50 mg/m2 in 2 divided doses/day for 21 days. Rest 1 week and restart. Usually for 6 courses ii) 50 mg daily for 21 days every 28 days or 100 mg daily for 14 days every 3 weeks. Doses for indications: refer to specific protocols i) CHILD: 60-120 mg/m2/day by IV for 3 - 5 days every i) For treatment of children with solid tumours, juvenile 3 - 6 weeks depending on protocols ii) Maintenance or myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and Langerhan cell palliative chemotherapy for elderly acute myeloid histiocytosis ii) Leukaemia, lymphoma iii) Testicular leukemia, consolidation therapy for acute cancer, lung cancer, gestational trophoblastic lymphoblastic leukemia, stem cell mobilization (Refer disease, gastric cancer, sarcoma to protocol) iii) 100 mg/m2 by IV every other day for 3 doses repeated every 3-4 weeks i) 50 mg/m2 in 2 divided doses/day for 21 days. Rest 1 i) For palliative treatment of children with week and restart. Usually for 6 courses ii) 50 mg daily neuroblastoma, germ cell tumour, leukaemia ii) For for 21 days every 28 days or 100 mg daily for 14 days elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia and every 3 weeks. Doses for indications: refer to specific myelodysplasia (palliative) protocols i) For palliative treatment of children with neuroblastoma, germ cell tumour, leukaemia ii) For elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia (palliative) i) OA: 60 mg once daily. RA: 90 mg once daily ii & iii) i)Acute and chronic treatment of signs and symptoms Acute gouty arthritis and acute pain: 120 mg once of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) daily (Given the exposure to COX-2 inhibitors, doctors ii)Acute gouty arthritis iii)Acute pain are advised to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration of treatment) i) OA: 60 mg once daily. RA: 90 mg once daily ii & iii) i)Acute and chronic treatment of signs and symptoms Acute gouty arthritis and acute pain: 120 mg once of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) daily (Given the exposure to COX-2 inhibitors, doctors ii)Acute gouty arthritis iii)Acute pain are advised to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration of treatment) i) OA: 60 mg once daily. RA: 90 mg once daily ii & iii) i)Acute and chronic treatment of signs and symptoms Acute gouty arthritis and acute pain: 120 mg once of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) daily (Given the exposure to COX-2 inhibitors, doctors ii)Acute gouty arthritis iii)Acute pain are advised to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration of treatment) Treatment of post-menopausal women with advanced breast cancer whose disease has progressed 25 mg once daily following tamoxifen and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors
Blood dyscrasias, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, drug-induced eosinophilia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, ataxia, headache, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal disturbances, Patients with mixed seizure disorders, ethosuximide weight loss, drowsiness, dyskinesia, therapy when used alone may increase the depression, rashes, headache, fatigue, incidence of grand mal seizures, avoid abrupt lethargy, dizziness, hiccup and mild euphoria, withdrawal, liver and renal disease, patients with more rarely, psychotic states, hepatic and renal Hypersensitivity to succinimides. Pregnancy potentially fatal blood dyscrasias. Hepatic or renal and lactation changes and haematological disorders. impairment, porphyria. Complete blood cell count, Systemic lupus erythematous, Stevensliver function tests and urinalysis should be Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme. Gum performed periodically. May impair ability to drive or hypertrophy, swelling of tongue, irritability, operate machinery hyperactivity, sleep disturbances, night terrors, inability to concentrate, aggressiveness, increased libido, myopia, vaginal bleeding, seizure Ethyl chloride is highly flammable and mixtures of the gas with 5% to 15% of air are explosive; never use it in the presence of an open flame or near electric cautery equipment. Caution should be taken to avoid frostbite; when used for cryotherapy, Transient hypertension, narcosis, vomiting and protect adjacent skin with petrolatum. Inhalation of coma. Thawing of frozen tissue after surgery Hypersensitivity to ethyl chloride products and ETHYL CHLORIDE can produce narcosis or even may be painful. Chemical frostbite may occur vascular impairment of the extremities. fatal coma with respiratory or cardiac arrest. Cover following prolonged spraying onto the skin. Porphyria. Application on broken skin or eyes, nose and mouth if spraying near the face.To Nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity (long-term mucous membranes protect against tissue sloughing, cover the skin exposure) adjacent to the area being treated with petrolatum. Avoid spilling the liqd on the skin. Freezing may also distort the histological structure of biopsy specimens. Highly flammable. Avoid inhalation when used as local anaesthesia Not for administration by prolonged infusion due to hazarads of prolonged suppression of endogenous Hypotension, adrenal suppression, myoclonus, cortisol and aldosterone production, severe transient skeletal movements, uncontrolled eye asthma, severe cardiovascular disease. Not to use Hypersensitivity to etomidate. Reduced or at movements, hiccups. Excitatory phenomena eg, for maintenance of anaesthesia. Opioid analgesics risk of reduced adrenocortical function. involuntary myoclonic muscle movements, or benzodiazepines may be given as Porphyria convulsions; hypersensitivity reactions, pain on premedications to reduce risk of convulsions. Preinjection; postoperative nausea and vomiting existing epilepsy. Elderly and child less than 10 years. Pregnancy and lactation. Use with caution in hepatic or renal impairment, myelosuppression Myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, alopecia, hypersensitivity reaction, radiation recall reaction, secondary malignancy
Isoniazid may increase the serum concentration of ethosuximide, leading to toxicity. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, MAOIs and mefloquine may antagonise anticonvulsant effects of ethosuximide. Plasma concentration of ethosuximide may be reduced by carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone and affected by valproate. Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine may increase risk of convulsions
Cisatracurium, St John's Wort
Fentanyl, verapamil, St. John'swort. Antipsychotics, sedatives or opioids; calciumchannel blockers
Ciclosporin, calcium antagonists, methotrexate, Hypersensitivity to podophyllins, severe hepatic warfarin. Increased risk of infection by the live dysfunction, pregnancy, lactation vaccine
Use with caution in hepatic or renal impairment, myelosuppression. Administer intravenously over 30 to 60 minutes to reduce risk of hypotension. Anaphylaxis following IV administration to be anticipated and treated appropriately
Myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, Ciclosporin, calcium antagonists, methotrexate, alopecia, hypersensitivity reaction, local Hypersensitivity to podophyllins, severe hepatic warfarin. Increased risk of infection by the live inflammatory reaction at site of injection, dysfunction, pregnancy, lactation vaccine radiation recall reaction, secondary malignancy
Use with caution in hepatic or renal impairment, myelosuppression
Myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, alopecia, hypersensitivity reaction, radiation recall reaction, secondary malignancy
Ciclosporin, calcium antagonists, methotrexate, Hypersensitivity to podophyllins, severe hepatic warfarin. Increased risk of infection by the live dysfunction, pregnancy, lactation vaccine Patients who experienced asthma, urticaria or allergic type of reaction after taking aspirin or NSAIDs, acute peptic ulcer, severe renal or hepatic disease,ischaemic heart disease and stroke, hypertensive patient whose blood pressure is not under control Patients who experienced asthma, urticaria or allergic type of reaction after taking aspirin or NSAIDs, acute peptic ulcer, severe renal or hepatic disease,ischaemic heart disease and stroke, hypertensive patient whose blood pressure is not under control Patients who experienced asthma, urticaria or allergic type of reaction after taking aspirin or NSAIDs, acute peptic ulcer, severe renal or hepatic disease,ischaemic heart disease and stroke, hypertensive patient whose blood pressure is not under control
Etoricoxib 120 mg Tablet
Arcoxia
Small increase in blood pressure, increased risk Bleeding disorders, liver disease, renal impairment of thrombotic complication, headache, , hypertension, recent myocardial infarct, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, diarrhoea, heartburn, taste disturbance, smoking, peripheral arterial disease decreased appetite and flatulence Small increase in blood pressure, increased risk Bleeding disorders, liver disease, renal impairment of thrombotic complication, headache, , hypertension, recent myocardial infarct, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, diarrhoea, heartburn, taste disturbance, smoking, peripheral arterial disease decreased appetite and flatulence Small increase in blood pressure, increased risk Bleeding disorders, liver disease, renal impairment of thrombotic complication, headache, , hypertension, recent myocardial infarct, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, diarrhoea, heartburn, taste disturbance, smoking, peripheral arterial disease decreased appetite and flatulence Coadministration with oestrogen-containing products, pregnancy, premenopausal women, hepatic or renal impairment Diaphoresis, hot sweats, nausea, arthralgia, headache, insomnia, fatigue, heart failure, myocardial infarction, fracture of bone, cerebrovascular accident
Warfarin, ACEIs, lithium, methotrexate, oral contraceptives, rifampicin, aspirin, SSRIs
Arcoxia
Arcoxia
Exemestane 25 mg Tablet
Aromasin
Drugs metabolised via CYP3A4, drug with Hypersensitivity to the exemestane or to any of narrow therapeutic index, oestrogen-containing the excipents medicines
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Ezetimibe 10 mg & Simvastatin 20 mg Tablet
Vytorin
Primary hypercholesterolemia
Usual starting dose: 10/20 mg/day
Myalgia, headache, upper respiratory infection, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, angioedema druginduced myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, abdominal Unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness, pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, heavy alcohol use, past history of liver disease or hepatitis, hypersensitivity reactions including current moderate to severe hepatic insufficiency, rash and angioedema, pancreatitis, nausea, major surgery, renal insufficiency anaemia, constipation, asthenia, jaundice, muscle cramps, dizziness, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, pruritus Children under 10 years old, moderate to severe hepatic insufficency, myopathy, pregnancy and lactation
Hypersensitivity to ezetimibe or simvastatin or any of its components. Active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations in serum transaminases, pregnancy, lactation
Itraconazole, ketoconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, HIV protease inhibitors, gemfibrozil, niacin, cyclosporine, danazol, amiodarone, verapamil, cholestyramine, diltiazem, fibrates, grapefruit juice, coumarin derivatives, antacids
Ezetimibe 10 mg Tablet
Factor IX Injection
i) Co-administration with statins for patients who have chronic heart disease or are chronic heart disease 10 mg once daily. Not recommended for children less equivalent or familial hypercholesterolaemia with Ezetrol than 10 years old target LDL-C not achieved by maximum dose of statins ii) Monotherapy in patients with documented biochemical intolerance to statins Dose varies according to the patient and the circumstances of the bleeding. i) Mild haemorrhage: initial dose of 30 units/kg body weight. ii) Moderate Prevention and control of bleeding in patients with Alphanine,profilnine haemorrhage: initial dose of 50 units/kg iii) Major factor IX deficiency due to haemophilia B haemorrhage/surgery: Initial dose of 75 - 100 units/kg. Half of these doses may be repeated after 18-24 hrs if necessary. Initially 4.5 KIU (90 mcg)/kg body weight IV bolus over 2-5 minutes, followed by 3-6 KIU (60-120 mcg)/kg body weight depending on type & severity of haemorrhage or surgery performed. Dosing interval: initially 2-3 hour to obtain haemostasis and until clinically improved. If continued therapy is needed, dose interval can be increased successively to every 4, 6, 8 or 12 hours
Abdominal pain, arthralgia, back pain, cough, diarrhoea, fatigue, headache, sinusitis
Avoid co-administration with fibrates. Hypersensitivity to ezetimibe, active liver disease or persistently elevated liver enzymes
Cholestyramine, fibrates, cyclosporin
Allergic reactions, mild chills, nausea, Risk of thrombosis. Use with caution in patients with fever,nausea, vomiting, headache, flushing, liver dysfunction intravascular coagulation,thrombosis Advanced atherosclerotic disease: increased risk of thrombotic events. Concomitant use of activated or nonactivated prothrombin complex concentrates: increased risk of thrombotic events .Crush injury; disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),Septicemia: increased risk of thrombotic events .Elderly, non-hemophilia, intracerebral hemorrhage patients: increased risk of arterial thromboembolic adverse events, including myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, cerebral ischemia and or infarction. Hepatic disease ,newborn ,non-hemophilic patients ,thrombosis risk factors .Risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver damage, CHD, acute thrombosis and or embolism. Pregnancy and lactation
Hypersensitivity to Factor IX or any component Coadministeration with aminocaproic acid may of the formulation. Disseminated intravascular increase risk for thrombosis coagulation
Factor VIIa (Recombinant) eptacog alfa (activated) 60 KIU (1.2 mg) Injection
Novoseven
Treatment of bleeding episodes and prevention of excessive bleeding in connection with surgery in patients with inherited or acquired haemophilia with inhibitors to coagulation factors VIII or IX
Rash, itching, nausea, fever, headache, malaise, diaphoresis, changes in blood Simultaneous use of prothrombin complex Hypersensitivity to Factor VII or any component pressure,renal failure, cerebrovascular disorder, concentrates, activated or not should be of the formulation angina pectoris, atrial arrhythmia, circulatory avoided shock, hemorrhage, hemarthrosis
Factor VIII Inhibitor Bypassing Activity Injection
Feiba
Treatment and prophylaxis of hemorrhage in hemophilia A, B and non-hemophiliacs with acquired inhibitors to factor VIII, IX, XI
Individualized dosage
Complication of infusion, headache, flushing, fever, chills, change in blood pressure or pulse rate ,myocardial infarction , hives ,disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC, thromboembolic disorder , anaphylactoid reaction
Bleeding episodes resulting from coagulation factor deficiencies , disseminated intravasular coagulation , fibrinolysis ,normal coagulation mechanism
Antifibrinolytics, tranexamic acid
Factor VIII Injection
Alphanate,Hemofil M
Prevention and control of bleeding in patients with factor VIII deficiency due to classical haemophilia A
Dose varies according to the patient and the circumstances of the bleeding. i) Mild to moderate: Usually a single dose of 10-15units/kg. ii) More serious haemorrhage/minor surgery:Initially 15-25 units/kg followed by 10-15 units/kg every 8 - 12 hours if required iii) Severe haemorrhage/major surgery: Initial : 40 - 50 units/kg followed by 20 - 25 units/kg every 8-12 hrs. Dose to be individualised. ADULT usual lipid requirement 2-3 g/kg/day. INFANT 0.5 - 1 g/kg/day Dose to be individualised. ADULT usual lipid requirement 2-3 g/kg/day. INFANT 0.5-1 g/kg/day
Risk of thrombosis and transmission of infection, pregnancy. Intravascular haemolysis after large/frequently repeated doses in patients with blood groups A,B, or AB Renal insufficiency, uncompensated diabetes, certain forms of liver insufficiency (monitor liver function), metabolic disorders and sepsis Renal insufficiency, uncompensated diabetes, certain forms of liver insufficiency (monitor liver function), metabolic disorders and sepsis
Allergic reactions (chills, urticaria, fever), headache, intravascular haemolysis, increased Disseminated intravascular coagulation, body temp, development of factor VIII underlying thrombosis antibodies
Not known
Fat Emulsion 10% Injection
Source of lipid in patients needing IV nutrition
Fever, hypertriglyceridaemia, shivering, chills, nausea and vomiting Fever, hypertriglyceridaemia, shivering, chills, nausea and vomiting
Pathological hyperlipidaemia, severe liver damage and acute shock Pathological hyperlipidaemia, severe liver damage and acute shock Hypersensitivity to felodipine or other calcium channel blockers, symptomatic hypotension, peripheral vascular disease, persistent dermatologic reactions, cardiovascular arterial disease and congestive haeart failure Hypersensitivity to felodipine or other calcium channel blockers, symptomatic hypotension, peripheral vascular disease, persistent dermatologic reactions, cardiovascular arterial disease and congestive haeart failure
Not known
Fat Emulsion 20% for IV Infusion
Intralipid
Source of lipid in patients needing IV nutrition
Not known Beta-adrenergic blockers, cyclosporin, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, magnesium, oral anticoagulants, phenobarbital and saquinavir Beta-adrenergic blockers, cyclosporin, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, magnesium, oral anticoagulants, phenobarbital and saquinavir
Felodipine 10 mg Tablet
Plendil
Hypertension
Flushing, headache, palpitations, dizziness, Initiate at 5 mg once daily. Usual dose, 5 - 10 mg once Rarely precipitate significant hypotension which can fatigue. Ankle swelling (appears to be dosedaily in the morning lead to myocardial ischaemia related). Mild gingival hyperplasia Flushing, headache, palpitations, dizziness, Initiate at 5 mg once daily. Usual dose, 5 - 10 mg once Rarely precipitate significant hypotension which can fatigue. Ankle swelling (appears to be dosedaily in the morning lead to myocardial ischaemia related). Mild gingival hyperplasia Local skin reaction, constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, respiratory depression (clinically significant respiratory depression is a rare occurance in patients whose opioid doses have been titrated against pain), physical dependence (physical dependence can be prevented by gradual withdrawal of opioids).Hypoventilation, somnolence, confusion, hypotension, bradycardia, headache, pruritus, sweating, rash, erythema
Felodipine 5 mg Tablet
Plendil
Hypertension
Fentanyl 12 mcg/h Trandermal Patch Durogesic
Elderly, neonates, children, obstetric patients,hepatic/renal dysfunction, pulmonary As a second line drug in the management of chronic ADULT and CHILD over 2 years previously treated disease, increased intracranial pressure, severe cancer pain not responding to non-narcotic with a strong opioid analgesic, initial dose based on pregnancy, lactation. Avoid exposing patch to direct analgesic. Not to be used in opiod naive patients.The previous 24-hour opioid requirement (consult product heat.Not for acute or post-op pain. COPD or other use is to be restricted to pain specialists, palliative literature). If necessary dose should be adjusted at 72- pulmonary disease, bradyarrhythmias, brain medicine specialists and oncologists hour intervals in steps of 12-25 mcg/hr tumour, impaired consciousness or coma. Withdraw gradually. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Fever
CNS depressant, including opiods, sedatives, Hypersensitivity, acute pain, raised intra-cranial hypnotics, general anaesthetics, pressure, respiratory depression and biliary phenothiazines, tranquilizers, skeletal muscle colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated relaxants, sedating antihistamines and alcohol in patients who are terminally ill) beverages: additive depressant effects, ritonavir
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Local skin reaction, constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, respiratory depression (clinically significant respiratory depression is a rare occurance in patients whose opioid doses have been titrated against pain), physical dependence (physical dependence can be prevented by gradual withdrawal of opioids).Hypoventilation, somnolence, confusion, hypotension, bradycardia, headache, pruritus, sweating, rash, erythema Local skin reaction, constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, respiratory depression (clinically significant respiratory depression is a rare occurance in patients whose opioid doses have been titrated against pain), physical dependence (physical dependence can be prevented by gradual withdrawal of opioids).Hypoventilation, somnolence, confusion, hypotension, bradycardia, headache, pruritus, sweating, rash, erythema.
Contraindications
Interactions
Fentanyl 25 mcg/h Transdermal Patch
Durogesic
As a second line drug in the management of chronic cancer pain. The use is to be restricted to pain specialists, palliative medicine specialists and oncologists.
Patients who have not previously received a strong opioid analgesic, initial dose , one 25 mcg/hour patch to be replaced after 72 hours. Patients who have received a strong opioid analgesic, initial dose based on previous 24 hours opioid requirement (oral morphine sulphate 90 mg over 24 hours = one 25 mcg/hour patch). Not recommended in children.
Elderly, neonates, children, obstetric patients,hepatic/renal dysfunction, pulmonary disease, increased intracranial pressure, pregnancy, lactation. Avoid exposing patch to direct heat.Not for acute or post-op pain. COPD or other pulmonary disease, bradyarrhythmias, brain tumour, impaired consciousness or coma. Withdraw gradually. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Fever
Hypersensitivity, acute pain, raised intra-cranial pressure, respiratory depression and biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated in patients who are terminally ill).
CNS depressant, including opiods, sedatives, hypnotics, general anaesthetics, phenothiazines, tranquilizers, skeletal muscle relaxants, sedating antihistamines and alcohol beverages : additive depressant effects, ritonavir.
Fentanyl 50 mcg/h Transdermal Patch
Durogesic
As a second line drug in the management of chronic cancer pain. The use is to be restricted to pain specialists, palliative medicine specialists and oncologists
Patients who have not previously received a strong opioid analgesic, initial dose , one 25 mcg/hour patch to be replaced after 72 hours. Patients who have received a strong opioid analgesic, initial dose based on previous 24 hours opioid requirement (oral morphine sulphate 90 mg over 24 hours = one 25 mcg/hour patch). Not recommended in children.
Elderly, neonates, children, obstetric patients,hepatic/renal dysfunction, pulmonary disease, increased intracranial pressure, pregnancy, lactation. Avoid exposing patch to direct heat.Not for acute or post-op pain. COPD or other pulmonary disease, bradyarrhythmias, brain tumour, impaired consciousness or coma. Withdraw gradually. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Fever
Hypersensitivity, acute pain, raised intra-cranial pressure, respiratory depression and biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated in patients who are terminally ill)
CNS depressant, including opiods, sedatives, hypnotics, general anaesthetics, phenothiazines, tranquilizers, skeletal muscle relaxants, sedating antihistamines and alcohol beverages : additive depressant effects, ritonavir.
Fentanyl Citrate 50 mcg/ml Injection
Fentanyl
Analgesia during operation, relief of pain in the immediate postoperative period. Adjunct in maintenance of general / regional anaesthesia.
Dose should be individualized according to age, body weight, physical status, underlying pathological conditions and type of surgery and anaesthesia. With spontaneous respiration, 50 - 200 mcg, then 50 mcg Pulmonary function impairment, liver/kidney every 20 - 30 minutes. as required. With assisted dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, myasthenia respiration: 0.3 - 3.5 mg, then 100 - 200 mcg as gravis required up to 600 mcg. CHILD:Child with spontaneous respiration: 3 - 5 mcg/kg, then 1 mcg/kg as required. Child with assisted ventilation : 10 - 15 mcg/kg, then 1 - 3 mcg/kg as required
Ferric Ammonium Citrate 800 mg/10 ml Paediatric Mixture
Prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anaemias
CHILD up to 1 year 5 ml, 1 - 5 years 10 ml, taken well diluted with water
Ferrous Fumarate 200 mg Tablet
Prophylactic 200 mg daily. Therapeutic 200 mg 2 Prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anaemias times daily. CHILD up to 6 years 80-140 mg 2 times daily
Filgrastim (G-CSF) 30 MU/ml Injection
Neupogen
i) Reduction in the duration of neutropenia and incidence of febrile neutropenia in cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignancy except chronic myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome ii) Haemopoeitic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)/stem cell harvesting
i) Adult: SC or IV 5 mcg/kg/day. Initiation: 24 - 72 hours after chemotherapy. Duration: Until a clinically adequate neutrophil recovery is achieved (absolute neutrophil count of at least 1 x 109/L on 2 consecutive days) ii) Refer to protocol
Filgrastim 30 MU in 0.5 ml Injection
Neupogen
i) Reduction in the duration of neutropenia and incidence of febrile neutropenia in cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignancy except chronic myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome ii) Haemopoeitic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)/stem cell harvesting
i) ADULT: 5 mcg/kg/day by SC or IV. Initiation: 24 - 72 hours after chemotherapy. Duration: Until a clinically adequate neutrophil recovery is achieved (absolute neutrophil count of at least 1 x 109/L on 2 consecutive days) ii) Refer to protocol
Amiodarone : cardiac toxicity (low cardiac output). Azole antifungals, macrolide antibiotics : increased or prolonged opioid effects (CNS depression, respiratory depression). Betaadrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers : Children more than 2 years, asthma, respiratory Respiratory depression, apnoea, muscle severe hypotension. Carbamazepine : depression, head injury, patients receiving rigidity, bradycardia, cardiac dysrhythmia, decreased plasma concentrations of fentanyl. MAOIs within previous 14 days, tachyarrhythmia, chest pain, hypertension, Diazepam : significant decreases of mean hypersensitivity, increased intracranial hypotension, hypoventilation, neutropenia arterial pressure and systemic vascular pressure, pregnancy and lactation resistance. Naltrexone : precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Phenytoin : decreased plasma concentrations of fentanyl. Protease inhibitors : increased risk of fentanyl toxicity (CNS depression, respiratory depression). Concurrent administration with Vitamin C increases absorption of oral iron. Given with tetracycline, decreased tetracycline and iron Haemochromatosis, haemoglobinopthies, existing Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea Not to be given in patient receiving repeated effectiveness. Fluoroquinolones, levodopa, gastrointestinal diseases. Should be well diluted or constipation, dark stools, heartburn, blood transfusion. Haemochromatosis, methyldopa, penicillamine, antacids, H2 with water and drink through a straw to prevent temporary teeth staining and discolouration of haemolytic anaemia, known hypersensitivity to blockers, proton pump inhibitors, teeth discoloration urine iron salts chloramphenicol. Dairy foods, decreased iron bioavailability. Aluminium, calcium or magnesium containing products, decreased iron effectiveness Concurrent administration with Vitamin C increases absorption of oral iron. Given with tetracycline, decreased tetracycline and iron Avoid in patients with peptic ulcer, enteritis, Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea effectiveness. Fluoroquinolones, levodopa, receiving frequent blood transfusions or ulcerative or constipation, dark stools, heartburn, Haemochromatosis, haemolytic anaemia, methyldopa, penicillamine, antacids, H2 colitis. Administration of iron for more than 6 temporary teeth staining and discolouration of known hypersensitivity to iron salts blockers, proton pump inhibitors, months should be avoided except in patients with urine chloramphenicol. Dairy foods, decreased iron continuous bleeding or menorrhagia bioavailability. Aluminium, calcium or magnesium containing products, decreased iron effectiveness Chest pain, fever, hypersensitivity reaction, alopecia. Bone pain, flu-like symptoms, nausea Secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Perform and vomiting, adult respiratory distress regular white blood cell, platelet and hematocrit syndrome, sickle cell crisis, hepatomegaly, Hypersensitivity to filgrastim, severe congenital count throughout therapy. Monitor ANC and spleen splenic enlargement, transient hypotension, neutropenia (Kostmann's syndrome) with Vincristine, topotecan, lithium size. Bone marrow infiltrating infections or epistaxis urinary abnormalities (dysuria, abnormal cytogenetics malignancy. Sickle cell disease. Pregnancy and proteinuria, hematuria), exacerbation of lactation rheumatoid arthritis, thrombocytopenia, anemia raised uric acid Chest pain, fever, hypersensitivity reaction, alopecia. Bone pain, flu-like symptoms, nausea Secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Perform and vomiting, adult respiratory distress regular white blood cell, platelet and hematocrit syndrome, sickle cell crisis, hepatomegaly, Hypersensitivity to filgrastim, severe congenital count throughout therapy. Monitor ANC and spleen splenic enlargement, transient hypotension, neutropenia (Kostmann's syndrome) with Vincristine, topotecan, lithium size. Bone marrow infiltrating infections or epistaxis urinary abnormalities (dysuria, abnormal cytogenetics malignancy. Sickle cell disease. Pregnancy and proteinuria, hematuria), exacerbation of lactation rheumatoid arthritis, thrombocytopenia, anemia raised uric acid
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Finasteride 5 mg Tablet
Proscar
Flavoxate HCl 100 mg Tablet
Urispas
Patients should be screened for prostatic carcinoma, hepatic dysfunction, patients with a large residual urinary volume or a severely 5 mg a day as a single dose. Clinical responses occur diminished urinary flow rate should be monitored for within 12 weeks - 6 months of initiation of therapy. obstructive uropathy and may not be candidates for Sexual dysfunction, breast tenderness or Treatment and control of benign prostatic hyperplasia Long-term administration is recommended for maximal finasteride therapy, crushed tablets should not be enlargement response handled by a woman when she is pregnant or may potentially be pregnant because of the possibility of absorption and the subsequent potential risk to the male foetus Gastrointestinal disturbances, vertigo, headache, mental confusion especially in Urinary frequency and incontinence, dysuria, urgency, ADULT: 200 mg 3 times daily. CHILD under 12 years Pregnancy and lactation, suspected glaucoma. May elderly, drowsiness, fatigue and nervousness, bladder spasm due to catheterisation not recommended affect ability to drive or operate machinery tachycardia and palpitations, urticaria, eosinophilia and hyperpyrexia
Hypersensitivity to finasteride products, known or suspected pregnancy
Not known
Pyloric or duodenal obstruction, obstructive intestinal lesions or ileus, achalasia, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, obstructive uropathies of the lower urinary tract, children less than 12 years
Other antimuscarinic drugs
Flecainide Acetate 100 mg Tablet
Trambocor
Congestive heart failure (CHF), patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40% may be particularly susceptible to the adverse cardiac effects (ie, worsening CHF, proarrhythmia). i) Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardias ii) Elderly patients. Electrolyte imbalance (eg, hypo- or Ventricular arrhythmias: 100 mg twice daily, maximum Preexcited atrial fibrillation associated with Wolffhyperkalemia) . Hepatic disease, increased 400 mg/day (usually reserved for rapid control or in Parkinson White Syndrome iii) Reciprocating Atriomortality; flecainide should not be initiated in postheavily built patients), reduced after 3 - 5 days if Ventricular tachycardias (AVT) associated with Wolffmyocardial infarction patients with asymptomatic or possible. Supraventricular arrhythmias: 50 mg twice Parkinson White Syndrome iv) Supraventricular minimally symptomatic non-life threatening daily, increased if required to maximum of 150 mg tachycardias due to Intra-Atrio Ventricular Nodul ventricular arrhythmias. Increased pacemaker twice daily Reentry threshold, proarrhythmic events; new or worsened arrhythmias, primarily at high serum levels . Renal disease . Sick sinus syndrome (BradycardiaTachycardia syndrome) and slowing of cardiac conduction
Giddiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting. Proarrhythmia may occur in patients with structural heart disease and or significant left ventricular impairment
Amiodarone; increased flecainide plasma levels; reduce dose of flecainide 50%.Cimetidine;increased bioavailability and half-life of flecainide.Cisapride, disopyramide, verapamil;has negative inotropic effects; administer with flecainide only if benefit outweighs the risks. Coadministration with Preexisting second- or third-degree AV block; flecainide is not recommended because of the right bundle branch block when associated with increased risk of life-threatening cardiac a left hemiblock (unless a pacemaker is arrhythmias.Digoxin;Increased digoxin plasma present); presence of cardiogenic shock; levels.Drugs that inhibit CYP2D6 (eg, quinidine, hypersensitivity to the drug ritonavir);Flecainide plasma concentrations may be elevated, increasing the risk of toxicity.Propranolol;levels of either drug may be increased, additive negative inotropic effects. Smoking;increased dosage may be required.Urinary acidifiers;effects of flecainide may be decreased. Urinary alkalinizers;effects of flecainide may be increased
Fluconazole 100 mg Capsule
Diflucan
i) Oropharyngeal candidiasis, atrophic oral candidiasis associated with dentures, other candidal infections of mucosa ii) Tinea pedis, corporis, cruris, versicolor and dermal candidiasis iii) Invasive candidal & cryptococcal infections (including meningitis) iv) Prevention of relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients after completion of primary therapy v) Prevention of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients considered at risk as a consequence of HIV infections or neutropenia following cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy or bone marrow transplant
Fluconazole 2 mg/ml Injection
Diflucan
i) Oropharyngeal candidiasis, atrophic oral candidiasis associated with dentures, other candidal infections of mucosa ii) Tinea pedis, corporis, cruris, versicolor and dermal candidiasis iii) Invasive candidal& cryptococcal infections (including meningitis) iv) Prevention of relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients after completion of primary therapy v) Prevention of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients considered at risk as a consequence of HIV infections or neutropenia following cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy or bone marrow transplant
i) Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 50 - 100 mg daily for 7 14 days (Maximum 14 days) except in severely immunocompromised patients, treatment can be continued for longer periods. Atrophic oral candidiasis associated with dentures: 50 mg daily for 14 days. Other candidal infections of mucosa: 50 - 100 mg daily for 14 - 30 days. CHILD: 3 - 6 mg/kg on first day then 3 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 - 4 weeks Pregnancy, lactation, renal impairment old) ii) 50 mg daily for 2 - 4 weeks, maximum 6 weeks iii) 400 mg initially then 200 - 400 mg daily for 6 - 8 weeks. CHILD: 6 - 12 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 -4 weeks old) iv) 100 - 200 mg daily v) 50 - 400 mg daily. CHILD: 3 - 12 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 - 4 weeks old) i) 50 - 100 mg daily for 7 - 14 days (Maximum 14 days) except in severely immunocompromised patients, treatment can be continued for longer periods. Atrophic oral candidiasis associated with dentures: 50 mg daily for 14 days. Other candidal infections of mucosa: 50 - 100 mg daily for 14 - 30 days. CHILD: 3 - 6 mg/kg on first day then 3 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 - 4 weeks old) ii) 50 mg Pregnancy, lactation, renal impairment daily for 2 - 4 weeks, maximum 6 weeks iii) 400 mg initially then 200 - 400 mg daily for 6 - 8 weeks. CHILD: 6-12 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 - 4 weeks old) iv) 100 - 200 mg daily v) 50 - 400 mg daily. CHILD: 3 - 12 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 - 4 weeks old)
Known hypersensitivity to fluconazole or to Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, flatulence; related azole compounds, co-administration of rash, headache terfenadine
Warfarin, oral sulfonylureas, phenytoin, rifampicin, cyclosporin, theophylline, cisapride
Known hypersensitivity to fluconazole or to Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, flatulence, Warfarin, oral sulfonylureas, phenytoin, related azole compounds. Co-administration of rash, headache rifampicin, cyclosporin, theophylline, cisapride terfenadine
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Fluconazole 50 mg Capsule
Diflucan
i) Oropharyngeal candidiasis, atrophic oral candidiasis associated with dentures, other candidal infections of mucosa ii) Tinea pedis, corporis, cruris, versicolor and dermal candidiasis iii) Invasive candidal & cryptococcal infections (including meningitis) iv) Prevention of relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients after completion of primary therapy v) Prevention of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients considered at risk as a consequence of HIV infections or neutropenia following cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy or bone marrow transplant
i) Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 50 - 100 mg daily for 7 14 days (Maximum 14 days) except in severely immunocompromised patients, treatment can be continued for longer periods. Atrophic oral candidiasis associated with dentures: 50 mg daily for 14 days. Other candidal infections of mucosa: 50 - 100 mg daily for 14 - 30 days. CHILD: 3 - 6 mg/kg on first day then 3 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 - 4 weeks Pregnancy, lactation, renal impairment old) ii) 50 mg daily for 2 - 4 weeks, maximum 6 weeks iii) 400 mg initially then 200 - 400 mg daily for 6 - 8 weeks. CHILD: 6 - 12 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 -4 weeks old) iv) 100 - 200 mg daily v) 50 - 400 mg daily. CHILD: 3 - 12 mg/kg daily (every 72 hours in NEONATE up to 2 weeks old, every 48 hours in NEONATE 2 - 4 weeks old) ADULT: 100 - 200 mg/kg daily in 4 divided doses by Renal impairment or failure and patients with IV infusion over 20 - 40 minutes not more than 7 days existing bone marrow depression
Known hypersensitivity to fluconazole or to Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, flatulence; related azole compounds, co-administration of rash, headache terfenadine
Warfarin, oral sulfonylureas, phenytoin, rifampicin, cyclosporin, theophylline, cisapride
Flucytosine 2.5 g/250 ml Injection
Ancotil
Treatment of systemic fungal infection
Flucytosine 500 mg Tablet
Ancotil
Only for the treatment of fungal meningitis
Fludarabine Phosphate 10 mg Tablet Fludara
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia who have not responded to or whose disease had progressed during or after treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimen
Fludarabine Phosphate 50 mg Injection
Fludara
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who have not responded to or whose disease had progressed during or after treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimen
Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, headache, drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, elevated liver function tests and cutaneous reactions Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, headache, Renal impairment or failure and patients with drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations, nausea, ADULT: 50 - 150 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses existing bone marrow depression vomiting, diarrhoea, elevated liver function tests and cutaneous reactions Fever, chills, cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia, Routine monitoring of blood counts and gastrointestinal disturbances, stomatitis, haemoglobin concentration. Monitor for signs of oedema, tumour lysis syndrome, skin rashes, 40 mg /m2 given daily for 5 consecutive days every 28 autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, elderly. Avoid autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, haemorrhagic days. Courses may be repeated every 28 days, contact with skin and eyes, avoid inhalation. cystitis, neurological disturbances including usually for up to 6 cycles. Duration of treatment Myelosuppression may be cumulative and severe peripheral neuropathy, agitation, confusion, depends on treatment success and tolerability of the increasing risk of opportunistic infections. visual disturbances and coma. Progressive drug Increased risk of tumour lysis syndrome in patients encephalopathy and blindness, aplasia of skin, with high tumour burden myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, graft versus host disease Fever, chills, cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia, Routine monitoring of blood counts and gastrointestinal disturbances, stomatitis, 25 mg/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days every 28 days. haemoglobin concentration. Monitor for signs of oedema, tumour lysis syndrome, skin rashes, May be administered up to the achievement of a autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, elderly. Avoid autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, haemorrhagic maximal response (usually 6 cycles) and then the contact with skin and eyes, avoid inhalation. cystitis, neurological disturbances including drug should be discontinued. Reduce dose by up to Myelosuppression may be cumulative and severe peripheral neuropathy, agitation, confusion, 50% in patients with mild to moderate renal increasing risk of opportunistic infections. visual disturbances and coma. Progressive impairment Increased risk of tumour lysis syndrome in patients encephalopathy and blindness, aplasia of skin, with high tumour burden myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, graft versus host disease Adrenocorticoid insufficiency (chronic): ADULT 1 tablet daily. Salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome: ADULT 1 - 2 tablets daily. CHILD and INFANT 0.5 - 1 tablet daily Cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypothyroidism. Glaucoma can also occur with prolonged use. Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage gradually Fluid& electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness, peptic ulcer, oedema, urticaria, headache, glycosuria
Patients with a hypersensitivity to flucytosine
Concurrent use with zidovudine may result in haematologic toxicity (neutropenia) Concurrent use with zidovudine may result in haematologic toxicity (neutropenia)
Patients with a hypersensitivity to flucytosine
Co-administration with pentostatin may lead to Renal impairment (creatinine clearance less 30 pulmonary toxicity. Reduced metabolic mL/min), decompensated haemolytic anaemia. activation of fludarabine with cytarabine. Pregnancy and lactation. Concomitant use of Reduced therapeutic efficacy with dipyridamole live vaccines and other adenosine uptake inhibitors
Co-administration with pentostatin may lead to Renal impairment (Creatinine clearance less pulmonary toxicity. Reduced metabolic than 30 mL/min); decompensated haemolytic activation of fludarabine with cytarabine. anaemia. Pregnancy and lactation. Concomitant Reduced therapeutic efficacy with dipyridamole use of live vaccines and other adenosine uptake inhibitors
Fludrocortisone Acetate 0.1 mg Tablet
Florinef
As an adjunct to glucocorticoids in the management of primary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and treatment of salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome
Hypersensitivity to fludrocortisone, uncontrolled bacterial infection, viral or systemic fungal infections, psychotic tendencies, osteoporosis, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic nephritis
Spironolactone- result in a paradoxical doserelated increase in urinary potassium excretion. Loop diuretic- excessive potassium loss. Risk of tendon rupture may be increased in patients receiving concomitant fluoroquinolones and corticosteroids
Flumazenil 0.5 mg/5 ml Injection
Anexate
i) Initial, 0.2 mg IV over 30 seconds; if desired level of consciousness not obtained after an additional 30 seconds, give dose of 0.3 mg IV over 30 seconds; further doses of 0.5 mg IV over 30 seconds may be given at 1-minutes intervals if needed to maximum total dose of 3 mg; patients with only partial response to 3 mg may require additional slow titration to a total dose of 5 mg; if no response 5 minutes after receiving total dose of 5 mg, overdose is unlikely to be i) Diagnosis and/or management of benzodiazepine benzodiazepine and further treatment with flumazenil overdose due to self-poisoning or accidental overdose will not help ii) 0.2 mg IV over 15 seconds; if desired ii) Reversal of sedation following anaesthesia with level of consciousness is not obtained after waiting 45 benzodiazepine seconds, a second dose of 0.2 mg IV may be given and repeated at 60-seconds intervals as needed (up to a maximum of 4 additional times) to a maximum total dose of 1 mg; most patients respond to doses of 0.6 to 1 mg; in the event of resedation, repeated doses may be given at 20-minutes intervals if needed; for repeat treatment, no more than 1 mg (given as 0.5 mg/minute) should be given at any one time and no more than 3 mg should be given in any one hour
Patients with a history of long-term benzodiazepine abuse, head injuries, history of panic disorder, liver disease, drug and alcohol dependent patients, neuromuscular blocking agents
Cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, seizure, injection site pain, headache, abnormal vision, blurred vision, agitation
Hypersensitivity to flumazenil/benzodiazepines, cyclic antidepressant overdose, patients who have been given a benzodiazepine for control Thiopental : decreased duration of thiopental of a potentially life-threatening condition (eg, anaesthetic effects control of intracranial pressure or status epilepticus)
Flunarizine HCl 5 mg Capsule
Sibelium
i) ADULT: 5 - 10 mg daily preferably at night. i) Migraine prophylaxis ii) Maintenance treatment of ELDERLY more than 65 years: 5 mg at night. Hepatic insufficiency, elderly, depression, vestibular disturbances and of cerebral and peripheral Maintenance 5-day treatment at the same daily dose pregnancy, breast feeding, may impair ability to disorders ii) 5 - 10 mg at night. If no improvement after 1 month, drive or operating machinery discontinue treatment Diagnostic fluorescein angiography or angioscopy of the fundus and of the iris vasculature Moisten tip with tear fluid from lower fornix, sterile History of allergy or bronchial asthma. Pregnancy water or ophthalmic solution and gently stroke across especially in the first trimester, lactation the conjunctiva
Drowsiness, fatigue, asthenia, depression, headache, porphyria, dizziness, insomnia, tremor, extrapyramidal effects, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, gastric pain, weight gain Nausea and headache, other symptoms and signs of hypersensitivity, allergic conjunctivitis, peri-orbital oedema, anaphylactic reaction, urticaria, rash
Hypersensitivity to flunarizine or cinnarizine, history of depressive illness, pre-existing symptoms of Parkinson's disease or other extrapyramidal disorders
Excessive sedation can occur with alcohol, hypnotics or tranquilizers. Amiodarone, beta blockers, carbamazepine, NSAIDs, anticoagulants, rifampin, sumatriptan, alcohol, hypnotics or tranquilisers, diclofenac, ibuprofen
Fluorescein 1 mg Ophthalmic Strip
Fluorets
Hypersensitivity to any of the components of Not known product. Not to be used with soft contact lenses
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Fluorescein Sodium 10% in 5 ml Injection
Fluorescite
Diagnostic fluorescein angiography or angioscopy of the fundus and of the iris vasculature
500 mg IV
History of allergy or bronchial asthma. Pregnancy especially in the first trimester, lactation
Nausea and headache, gastrointestinal distress, syncope, vomiting, hypotension, other symptoms and signs of hypersensitivity, cardiac Hypersensitivity to any of the components of arrest, basilar artery ischaemia, severe shock, product convulsions and thrombophlebitis at injection site
Not known
Fluorometholone 0.1% Ophthalmic Suspension
FML liquifilm, Flarex Treatment of steroid responsive ocular inflammation ophth Susp
1-2 drops 2 - 4 times dailyy
Glaucoma, corneal or scleral thinning
Burning or stinging, ocular irritation, unpleasant Hypersensitivity to its component, ocular viral or taste, blurred vision, increased intra-ocular fungal or tuberculosis infection, contact lense Not known pressure, glaucoma, cataract, corneal thinning use Myelosuppression, mucositis, pigmentation of infused vein, somnolence, confusion, ataxia, fits, encephalopathy, changes in ECG, chest pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, photosensitivity, hand foot syndrome Myelosuppression, mucositis, pigmentation of infused vein, somnolence, confusion, ataxia, fits, encephalopathy, changes in ECG, chest pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, photosensitivity, hand foot syndrome Myelosuppression, mucositis, pigmentation of infused vein, somnolence, confusion, ataxia, fits, encephalopathy, changes in ECG, chest pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, photosensitivity, hand foot syndrome
Fluorouracil 1 g/20 ml Injection
500 - 600 mg/m2 IV in combination with other cytotoxic agents, repeated every 3 weeks or 300 - 450 Cancers of gastro-intestinal tract, breast and mg/m2 IV slow bolus daily for 5 days in combination pancreas, head and neck. Ophtalmological indication: with biological response modifiers, repeated every 4 trabeculectomy weeks or 3000 - 3750 mg/m2 as a continuous infusion over 5 days in combination with a platinum compound every 3 to 4 weeks
Fluorouracil 100 mg Tablet
5-FU
Fluorouracil 250 mg/5 ml Injection
5-FU
Caution in ischaemic heart disease, renal or hepatic dysfunction, elderly. Previous pelvic irradiation, previous treatment with alkylating agents. Discontinue upon development of unexpected grade 3 or 4 stomatitis, oesophagopharyngitis, diarrhoea, myelosuppression or neurologic toxicities Caution in ischaemic heart disease, renal or hepatic dysfunction, elderly. Previous pelvic irradiation, previous treatment with alkylating Colorectal cancer 200 - 300 mg daily in 1 - 3 divided doses agents. Discontinue upon development of unexpected grade 3 or 4 stomatitis, oesophagopharyngitis, diarrhoea, myelosuppression or neurologic toxicities 500 - 600 mg/m2 IV in combination with other Caution in ischaemic heart disease, renal or cytotoxic agents, repeated every 3 weeks or 300 - 450 hepatic dysfunction, elderly. Previous pelvic Cancers of gastro-intestinal tract, breast and mg/m2 IV slow bolus daily for 5 days in combination irradiation, previous treatment with alkylating pancreas, head and neck. Ophtalmological indication: with biological response modifiers, repeated every 4 agents. Discontinue upon development of trabeculectomy weeks or 3000 - 3750 mg/m2 as a continuous infusion unexpected grade 3 or 4 stomatitis, over 5 days in combination with a platinum compound oesophagopharyngitis, diarrhoea, every 3 to 4 weeks myelosuppression or neurologic toxicities i) 20 mg once daily increased after 3 weeks if necessary, usual dose 20 - 60 mg (ELDERLY 20 - 40 mg) once daily max 80 mg once daily (ELDERLY max 60 mg once daily). ii) Initially 20 mg once daily increased after 2 weeks if necessary, usual dose 20 60 mg (ELDERLY 20 - 40 mg) once daily, max 80 mg (ELDERLY max 60 mg) once daily, discontinue if no improvement within 10 weeks. CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 years are not recommended By deep IM, initial test dose of 5-20 mg, then after at least 7 days. 20 - 40 mg repeated at intervals of 2 - 4 weeks. Maximum 400 mg weekly. Usual maintenance dose 50 mg every 4 weeks to 300 mg every 2 weeks. ELDERLY, initially quarter to half adult dose. CHILD not recommended. Deep IM recommended. Not for IV use
Hypersensitivity to fluorouracil, pregnancy, lactation
Leucovorin, warfarin, methotrexate, thymidine
Fluoxetine HCl 20 mg Capsule
Prozac
i) Depressive illness ii) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
History of seizure, elderly, volume depletion, diabetes, pregnancy and breastfeeding, impaired renal/liver function, abnormal bleeding, anxiety and insomnia, hyponatremia, rash, avoid abrupt withdrawal
Tremor, asthenia, gastrointestinal disorder, inappropriate secretion of adrenocortical hormone, nervousness, insomnia, headache, Present or recent treatment with MAOIs, anorexia, anxiety, dry mouth, decreased libido, hypersensitivity to fluoxetine delayed ejaculation, anorgasmia, sweating and serotonin syndrome
Drugs metabolised by cytochrome P450, CNS active drugs, drugs highly bound to protein plasma. Benzodiazepines, caffeine, ergotamine, clozapine, lithium, MAOIs, phenytoin, antipsychotics, propranolol, warfarin.
Flupenthixol Decanoate Depot 20 mg/ml lnjection
Fluanxol
Chronic psychoses
Patients known to have a predisposition to movement disorders (may cause extrapyramidal symptoms). Hepatic or renal impairment. CV or respiratory disease, phaeochromocytoma. Convulsive disorders. Withdraw gradually if patient was previously treated with neuroleptics with sedative effect. Patients on high doses and longterm therapy should be monitored carefully. Should not be given during pregnancy and lactation
Sedation, restlesness, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, weight gain. Insomnia, drowsiness. Rarely extrapyramidal symptoms, if recommended dose is exceeded. Occasionally tardive dyskinesia in long-term therapy
Hypersensitivity to flupenthixol. Extremely excitable or overactive patients. Acute alcohol, barbiturate or opiate poisoning. Bone marrow depression, coma
Barbiturates, guanethidine or similar compounds, metoclopramide and piperazine, tramadol. May enhance the response to alcohol, and other CNS depressants
Fluphenazine Decanoate 25 mg/ml Injection
Modecate
Long term management of psychotic disorders
By deep IM : Test dose 12.5 mg (6.25 mg in ELDERLY), then after 4-7 days 12.5 mg-100 mg repeated at intervals of 14-35 days, adjusted according to response. CHILD not recommended
Patients exposed to extreme heat or phosphorous insecticides, history of convulsive disorder, mitral insufficiency or other cardiovascular diseases and phaeochromocytoma; history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, history of cholestatic jaundice, hypersensitivity reaction to other phenothiazines, patients undergoing surgery may require lower doses of anaesthetics or depressants, history of dermatoses, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, seizure disorder, elderly, debilitated, liver or kidney impairment, CV or respiratory disorders, diabetes, pheochromocytoma, epilepsy, glaucoma. May impair temperature regulatory mechanism
Weight gain, agranulocytosis, akathisia, extrapyramidal effects, hepatotoxicity, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hyperprolactinaemia, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, seizures, aplastic anaemia, cholestatic jaundice, drowsiness, dependence, antimuscarinic effects, insomnia, depression, convulsions, agitation, tachycardia, postural hypotension, allergic reactions, agranulocytosis, tardive dyskinesia, depressive reactions
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Cisapride, levofloxacin, increased risk of cardiotoxicity (QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, cardiac arrest). Pethidine, increase in central nervous system and respiratory depression. Levodopa, loss of levodopa efficacy. Procyclidine, Comatose or severely depressed patients, decreased phenothiazine serum concentrations, blood dyscrasias, liver damage, hypersensitivity decreased phenothiazines effectiveness, to fluphenazine products, subcortical brain enhance anticholinergic effects (ileus, damage, phaeochromocytoma, severe hyperpyrexia, sedation, dry mouth). Sertraline, hypotension, bone marrow depression fluoxetine; increased risk of developing acute parkinsonism. Class Ia and III antiarrhytmics, beta2 agonists, carbamazepine, central alpha2 agonists, systemic corticosteroids, diuretics, lithium tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol, CNS depressants, clonidine
Flutamide 250 mg Tablet
Fugerel
Metastatic prostatic carcinoma
250 mg 3 times daily ADULT and CHILD more than 12 years i) Mild asthma : 100 mcg - 250 mcg twice daily ii) Moderate asthma : 250 - 500 mcg twice daily iii) Severe asthma : 500 mcg - 1000 mcg twice daily. Alternatively, the starting dose of fluticasone dipropionate may be gauged at half the total daily dose of beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent administered by inhalation. CHILD 4 - 11 years, 50 mcg twice daily (maximum 100 mcg twice daily)
Diarrhoea, cystitis, hot flushes, hepatotoxicity, drowsiness, confusion, depression, anxiety, Monitor liver function, aniline toxicity, use in women decreased libido, impotence, gynaecomastia, discolouration of urine, hypertension, myocardial infarction, peripheral edema Not for acute attacks but for routine long-term management. Caution when transfering patients from systemic steroid treatment, pregnancy, rarely, inhaled therapy may mask underlying eosinophilic conditions e.g. Churg Strauss Syndrome, active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis. Safety and efficacy not established for children younger than 12 years Mouth and throat candidiasis, hoarseness (patients are advised to gargle after using the medication), paradoxical bronchospasm, cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. Headache, giddiness, dizziness,sleep disorders, migraines, paralysis of cranial nerves, mood disorders
Hypersensitivity to flutamide, severe hepatic impairment, pregnancy
Warfarin
Fluticasone Propionate 125 mcg/dose Inhalation
Flixotide
Prophylactic treatment for asthma
Hypersensitivity to any of the components
Caution when co-administered with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors e.g. ketoconazole, ritonavir
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Warfarin, phenytoin, theophyline, propanolol, lithium, benzodiazepines, caffeine, ergotamine, MAOIs, sildenafil, statins, heparin, NSAIDs, aspirin, carbamazepin, clozapin, haloperidol, proton pump inhibitor, tricyclic antidepressants, grapefruit, St. John wort, dilatiazem, metoclopramide, serotonergic drugs, linezolid, tramadol, celecoxib
Fluvoxamine 100 mg Tablet
Luvox
Fluvoxamine 50 mg Tablet
Luvox
Folic Acid 5 mg Tablet
Follitropin Alpha (Recombinant Human FSH) 300 IU Injection
Gonal F
Blurred vision, dry mouth, tremor, gastrointestinal disturbances, somnolence, constipation, headache, insomnia, vomiting, Concomitant use with MAOIs, hepatic insufficiency, For depression, initially 50 - 100 mg daily in the dizziness, agitation, extrapyramidal effects, children, epilepticus, pregnancy, lactation, evening, increased if necessary to 300 mg daily (over bradycardia, seizures, hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular disease, avoid abrupt withdrawal, Depressive disorder 150 mg in divided doses); usual maintenance dose withdrawal syndrome, Steven Johnson elderly, abnormal bleeding, hyponatremia, may 100 mg daily. CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 Syndrome, anphylactic reaction, abnormal activate mania or hypomania, history of seizure, years not recommended ejaculation, hepatitis, asthenia, abnormal suicidal ideation, worsening depression bleeding, hyponatremia, seizure, serotonin syndrome, worsening depression, hypomania, mania (rare), suicidal thoughts Blurred vision, dry mouth, tremor, gastrointestinal disturbances, somnolence, constipation, headache, insomnia, vomiting, Concomitant use with MAOIs, hepatic insufficiency, For depression, initially 50 - 100 mg daily in the dizziness, agitation, extrapyramidal effects, children, epilepticus, pregnancy, lactation, evening, increased if necessary to 300 mg daily (over bradycardia, seizures, hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular disease, avoid abrupt withdrawal, Depressive disorder 150 mg in divided doses); usual maintenance dose withdrawal syndrome, Steven Johnson elderly, abnormal bleeding, hyponatremia, may 100 mg daily. CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 Syndrome, anphylactic reaction, abnormal activate mania or hypomania, history of seizure, years not recommended ejaculation, hepatitis, asthenia, abnormal suicidal ideation, worsening depression bleeding, hyponatremia, seizure, serotonin syndrome, worsening depression, hypomania, mania (rare), suicidal thoughts i) ADULT initially 5 mg daily for 4 months or until Folic acid should never be given alone or in haematopoietic response obtained. Maintenance: 5 i) For the prevention and treatment of folate deficiency mg every 1 - 7 days depending on underlying disease conjunction with inadequate amounts of vitamin B states ii) For the prevention of neural tube defect in Gastrointestinal disturbances, urticaria, pruritus CHILD up to 1 year, 500 mcg/kg daily; over 1 year, as 12 for the treatment of undiagnosed megaloblastic the foetus adult dose ii) 5 mg daily starting before pregnancy and anaemia (masking of true deficiency state) continued through the first trimester i) Infertility treatment in anovulatory women who have i) 75 - 150 IU daily, should commence within the first 7 Fever, arthralgia, pain in lower abdominal been unresponsive to treatment with clomiphene days of the menstrual cycle and increased by 37.5 IU Evaluate patient for hypothyroidism, adrenocortical region, nausea, vomiting and weight gain, citrate ii) Stimulation of follicular development for intraor 75 IU at 7 or 14 days interval. Max daily dose 225 deficiency, hyperprolactinaemia and pituitary or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), uterine cycles iii) Stimulation of follicular development IU ii) 150 - 225 IU daily commencing on days 2 or 3 of hypothalamic tumours before starting therapy multiple pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology in the the cycle. Max daily dose 450 IU management of infertility i) Infertility treatment in anovulatory women who have been unresponsive to treatment with clomiphene citrate ii) Stimulation of follicular development for intrauterine cycles iii) Stimulation of follicular development in assisted reproductive technology in the management of infertility Infertility treatment in anovulatory women who have been unresponsive to treatment with clomiphene citrate. Stimulation of follicular development for intrauterine insemination cycles. Stimulation of follicular development in asssisted reproductive technology in the management of infertility Infertility treatment in anovulatory women who have been unresponsive to treatment with clomiphene citrate. Stimulation of follicular development for intrauterine insemination cycles. Stimulation of follicular development in assisted reproductive technology in the management of infertility
Use of MAOI within 14 days, coadministration of terfenadine, astemizole or cisapride, may cause increased plasma concentrations of these drugs and an increased incidence of side effects, hypersensitivity to fluvoxamine
Use of MAOI within 14 days, coadministration of terfenadine, astemizole or cisapride, may cause increased plasma concentrations of these drugs and an increased incidence of side effects, hypersensitivity to fluvoxamine
Warfarin, phenytoin, theophyline, propanolol, lithium, benzodiazepines, caffeine, ergotamine, MAOIs, sildenafil, statins, heparin, NSAIDs, aspirin, carbamazepin, clozapin, haloperidol, proton pump inhibitor, tricyclic antidepressants, grapefruit, St. John wort, dilatiazem, metoclopramide, serotonergic drugs, linezolid, tramadol, celecoxib Antiepileptics, oral contraceptives, aminosalicylates, barbiturates, antituberculous drugs, alcohol and folic acid antagonists such as aminopterin, methotrexate, trimethoprim and sulphonamides Other ovulation stimulation agents may potentiate the follicular response whereas concurrent use in GnRH agonist- induced pituitary desensitization may increase the dosage of Gonal-F needed to elicit an adequate ovarian response Other ovulation stimulation agents may potentiate the follicular response whereas concurrent use in GnRH agonist- induced pituitary desensitization may increase the dosage of Gonal-F needed to elicit an adequate ovarian response Concomitant use with clomiphene citrate may enhance the follicular response. A higher dose may be needed after pituitary desensitization induced by a GnRH agonist Concomitant use with clomiphene citrate may enhance the follicular response. A higher dose may be needed after pituitary desensitization induced by a GnRH agonist
Pernicious, aplastic or normocytic anaemias
Follitropin Alpha (Recombinant Human FSH) 75 IU Injection
Gonal F
Follitropin Beta (Recombinant Human Puregon FSH) 300 IU Injection
Follitropin Beta (Recombinant Human Puregon FSH) 50 IU Injection
Fondaparinux Sodium 2.5 mg/0.5 ml Arixtra Injection
i) Prevention of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in orthopedic surgery (e.g. hip fracture, major knee or hip replacement surgery), abdominal surgery in patients at risk of thromboembolic complication. ii) Treatment of unstable angina or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction [UA/NSTEMI] in patients for whom urgent invasive management (PCI) is not indicated. iii) Treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients managed with thrombolytics or are not receiving other forms of reperfusion therapy
Pregnancy, lactation, ovarian enlargement or cyst not due to polycystic ovarian disease, gynaecological haemorrhages of unknown aetiology, ovarian, uterine or mammary carcinoma tumours of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland Pregnancy, lactation, ovarian enlargement or i) 75 - 150 IU daily, should commence within the first 7 Fever, arthralgia, pain in lower abdominal cyst not due to polycystic ovarian disease, days of the menstrual cycle and increased by 37.5 IU Evaluate patient for hypothyroidism, adrenocortical region, nausea, vomiting and weight gain, gynaecological haemorrhages of unknown or 75 IU at 7 or 14 days interval. Max daily dose 225 deficiency, hyperprolactinaemia and pituitary or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), aetiology, ovarian, uterine or mammary IU ii) 150 - 225 IU daily commencing on days 2 or 3 of hypothalamic tumours before starting therapy multiple pregnancy carcinoma tumours of the hypothalamus and the cycle. Max daily dose 450 IU pituitary gland Pregnancy, lactation, ovarian enlargement or To be individualized. Give in multiples of 50 IU. Ovarian hyperstimulation, bruising, pain, cyst not due to polycystic ovarian disease, Starting dose can be 50 IU - 200 IU daily. It can be a Presence of uncontrolled non-gonadal redness, swelling and itching, ectopic gynaecological haemorrhages of unknown step-up regime or a step-down, depending on the endocrinopathies should be excluded pregnancy, multiple gestations, aetiology, ovarian, uterine or mammary protocol and the ovarian response arteriothromboembolism carcinoma, tumours of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland Pregnancy, lactation, ovarian enlargement or To be individualized. Give in multiples of 50 IU. cyst not due to polycystic ovarian disease, Ovarian hyperstimulation, bruising, pain, Starting dose can be 50 IU - 200 IU daily. It can be a Presence of uncontrolled non-gonadal gynaecological haemorrhages of unknown redness, swelling & itching, ectopic pregnancy, step-up regime or a step-down, depending on the endocrinopathies should be excluded aetiology, ovarian, uterine or mammary multiple gestations, arteriothromboembolism protocol and the ovarian response carcinoma, tumours of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland i) 2.5 mg once daily given by SC, administered 6 hr following surgical closure provided homeostasis has been established. Usual duration of therapy is 5 to 9 days; for hip fracture patients, an extended course of up to 24 days is recommended. ii) ADULT more than 18 years: 2.5 mg once daily given by SC, initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis and continued for up to 8 days or until hospital discharge. If patient needs Increased haemorrhagic risk eg congenital or Active major bleeding; increased risk for major to undergo PCI, unfractionated heparin to be admin as acquired coagulopathy, active ulcerative GI bleeding episodes;risk of uncontrollable per local practice protocol, taking into account the disease, recent intracranial haemorrhage or shortly hemorrhage, bacterial endocarditis, body weight patient's bleeding risk and time of last dose of after brain, spinal or ophth surgery, diabetic less than 50 kg for prophylactic therapy of hip fondaparinux. Fondaparinux may be restarted no Pruritus, rash, injection site hemorrhage, fever, retinopathy, uncontrolled arterial hypertension, fracture, hip replacement or knee replacement earlier than 2 hr after sheath removal. iii) ADULT more anemia, bleeding, thrombocytopenia, fever, moderate renal impairment (CrCl < 30-50 mL/min), surgery, or abdominal surgery; increased risk than 18 years: 2.5 mg once daily; first dose to be nausea, vomiting, constipation severe hepatic impairment. Measure platelet counts for major bleeding episode. Fondaparinuxgiven IV (directly through an existing IV line or as at baseline & end of treatment. Elderly. Pregnancy related thrombocytoenia. Hypersensitivity to infusion in 25 or 50 ml of 0.9% saline over 1-2 min), & lactation. Avoid concurrent administration with fondaparinux. Severe renal impairment (CrCl subsequent doses to be given SC. Treatment to be drugs that may increase haemorrhagic risk less than 30 ml/min) initiated as soon as diagnosis is made and continued up to a max of 8 days or until hospital discharge, whichever comes earlier. If patient needs to undergo non-primary PCI, unfractionated heparin to be admin as per local practice protocol, taking into account the patient's bleeding risk and time of last dose of fondaparinux. Fondaparinux may be restarted no earlier than 3 hr after sheath removal
Agents that increase the risk of hemorrhage (eg, other anticoagulants, NSAIDs, platelet inhibitors). Discontinue prior to administration of fondaparinux
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate 4.5 mcg /dose Inhalation
Oxis
i) Moderate persistent and severe persistent asthma ii) COPD
Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate 9 mcg/dose Inhalation
Oxis
i) Moderate persistent and severe persistent asthma ii) COPD
Framycetin Sulphate 0.5%, Dexamethasone 0.05% and Gramicidin 0.005% Ear Drops Fuller's Earth 30% Suspension
Thyrotoxicosis, severe cardivascular disorder e.g. ischaemic heart disease, tachyarrhythmias or severe heart failure, coronary insufficiency, cardiac i) ADULT and ELDERLY : 6 - 12 mcg (1 - 2 puff) once - arrhythmias, and hypertension, acute severe twice daily, maximum daily dose 8 puff. CHILD over 6 asthma, severe liver cirrhosis, increased risk of years : 2 puff once - twice daily ii) ADULT and asthma-related death and serious asthma events, Headache, palpitations, tremor ELDERLY : 2 puff once - twice daily, maximum 4 puff bronchospasm, potentially fatal paradoxical, once or twice daily concomitant corticosteroid use - discontinuing or reducing corticosteroids may precipitate a worsening of asthma symptoms, diabetes mellitus or ketoacidosis Thyrotoxicosis, severe cardivascular disorder e.g. ischaemic heart disease, tachyarrhythmias or severe heart failure, coronary insufficiency, cardiac i) ADULT and ELDERLY : 1 puff once - twice daily, arrhythmias, and hypertension, acute severe maximum daily dose 4 - 6 puff. CHILD over 6 years : 1 asthma, severe liver cirrhosis, increased risk of puff once - twice daily, maximum dose : 2 puff daily ii) asthma-related death and serious asthma events, Headache, palpitations, tremor ADULT and ELDERLY : 1 puff, once - twice daily, bronchospasm, potentially fatal paradoxical, maximum dose : 2 - 4 puff daily concomitant corticosteroid use - discontinuing or reducing corticosteroids may precipitate a worsening of asthma symptoms, diabetes mellitus or ketoacidosis Apply 2 - 3 drops 3 to 4 times daily 200 - 500 ml of Fuller's Earth together with magnesium sulphate or mannitol every 2 hours for several days Glaucoma, pregnancy, prolonged use in infants Sensitivity reactions
Hypersensitivity to formoterol or to inhaled lactose. Pregnancy and lactation
MAOIs : increased risk of tachycardia, agitation or hypomania
Hypersensitivity to formoterol or to inhaled lactose. Pregnancy and lactation
MAOIs : increased risk of tachycardia, agitation or hypomania
Sofradex
Otitis externa
Fuller's Earth
Adsorbent in pesticide poisoning
Not known
Irritation of the skin, inflammation, blistering, cracking, shedding of the nails, delayed healing Not known of cuts and wounds
Herpes simplex infection, viral diseases of cornea and conjuctiva, tuberculosis and fungal diseases of eyes, herpetic keratitis
Can increase nephrotocixity with amphotericin, cyclosporin Not known
Furosemide 20 mg/2 ml Injection
Lasix
Pulmonary oedema
Furosemide 40 mg Tablet
Lasix
Pulmonary oedema
Fusafungine 1% Nasal Spray
Locabiotal
Local antibiotic, anti-inflammatory treatment of infectious and inflammatory syndromes of the respiratory mucosa
Fusidate, Sodium 250 mg Tablet
Fucidin
Treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms especially Staphylococcal infections ADULT: 500 mg 3 times daily, skin and soft tissue including Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: 250 - 500 mg twice daily (MRSA)
Alterations in blood glucose and glucose tolerance tests. Diabetes mellitus, electrolyte imbalance (eg: hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia), fluid imbalance, dehydration, blood volume reduction with circulatory collapse and possible vascular thrombosis and emboli may occur with excessive diuresis, especially in elderly patients. Gout or Initially 20 -40 mg IM or slow IV (rate not exceeding 4 hyperuricaemia. Hepatic disease (cirrhosis and mg/min). CHILD: 0.5 - 1.5 mg/kg. Max: 20 mg daily ascites). Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. Ototoxicity (hearing loss, tinnitus), avoid rapid injection, high doses or concurrent administration of other ototoxic agents. If high-dose therapy is used, controlled intravenous infusion is recommended at a rate not to exceed 4 mg/min. Severe progressive renal disease (azotemia, oliguria). Systemic lupus erythematosus Alterations in blood glucose and glucose tolerance tests. Diabetes mellitus, electrolyte imbalance (eg, hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia), fluid imbalance, dehydration, blood volume reduction with ADULT: Initial 40 - 80 mg on morning if required, can circulatory collapse and possible vascular be increased to a max of 1 g/day in certain cases thrombosis and emboli may occur with excessive especially in chronic renal failure. CHILD : 1 - 3 mg/kg diuresis especially in elderly patients. Gout or daily hyperuricaemia. Hepatic disease (cirrhosis and ascites). Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. Ototoxicity (hearing loss, tinnitus), systemic lupus erythematosus ADULT : 1 oral or 1 nasal inhalation 4 hourly, withdraw if no improvement after 7 days. CHILD : 1 oral or 1 Treatment should be less than 10 days, reevaluate nasal inhalation 6 hourly, withdraw if no improvement after this after 7 days Hepatic insufficiency. Pregnancy and lactation
Hypokalaemia, hyperuricaemia, hypotension, hyperglycaemia
Anuria, hypersensitivity to furosemide, hepatic coma and pre-coma. Severe hypokalaemia, severe hyponatraemia, hypovolaemia with or without concomitant hypotension
Activated charcoal, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, aspirin, chloral hydrate, digoxin steroids, NSAIDs
Hypokalaemia, hyperuricaemia, hypotension, hyperglycaemia
Anuria, hypersensitivity to furosemide, hepatic coma and pre-coma. Severe hypokalaemia, severe hyponatraemia, hypovolaemia with or without concomitant hypotension
Activated charcoal, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, aspirin, chloral hydrate, digoxin steroids, NSAIDs
Rare cases of buccopharyngeal irritation and sneezing Gastrointestinal disturbances (dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting)
Hypersensitivity to fusafungine. Children less than 30 months of age (risk of laryngospasm)
Systematically report any other ongoing treatment to the doctor or pharmacist so as to avoid any interaction between several drugs Hepatotoxicity and increased plasma concentrations of fusidic acid and ritonavir. An increased risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis with simvastatin Cross allergy between fusidic acid and other antibiotics has not been reported
Hypersensitivity to fusidic acid and or its salts
Fusidic Acid 1% Eye Drops
Fucithalmic
For staphylococcal infections
1 drop in conjunctival sac 12 hourly. To be continued for 2 days after the eye appears normal. On the first day of treatment, may be applied more frequently : 1 drop 4 hourly. Surgical prophylaxis : 1 drop every 12 hours, 24 - 48 hours before operation
Do not apply to eyes with contact lenses
Transient stinging
Allergy to any of the constituents
Fusidic Acid 2% Cream
Fucidin
Fusidic Acid 2% in Betamethasone Valerate 0.1% Cream
Fucicort
Skin infections caused by staphylococci, streptococci, Apply to affected area 2 - 3 times daily corynebacterium minutissumun and other sodium fusidate-sensitive organisms Inflammatory dermatosis where bacterial infection is likely to occur eg atopic eczema, discoid eczema, Uncovered lesion- Apply 2 to 3 times daily. Covered stasis eczema, seborrhoic dermatitis, contact lesions- Less frequent applications may be adequate dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus, psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus Treatment of infections caused by staphylococcal especially Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes Avoid prolong use on flexures and intertriginous areas should be avoided
Rashes, irritation, pruritus and contact dermatitis
Infections caused by non-susceptible organisms Not known in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa Viral disease of skin, perioral dermatitis, acne rosacea and ulcerative condition
Mild stinging, irritation, rash
Not known Hepatotoxicity and increased plasma concentrations of fusidic acid and ritonavir. An increased risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis with simvastatin
Fusidic Acid 50 mg/ml Suspension
Fucidin
ADULT : 15 ml 3 times daily. CHILD 1 - 5 years: 5 ml 3 times daily; 5 - 12 years: 10 ml 3 times daily. INFANT : Hepatic insufficiency. Pregnancy and lactation 1 ml/kg body weight daily in 3 - 4 divided doses
Gastrointestinal disturbances (dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting)
Generic Name
Fusidic Acid 500 mg Injection
Trade Name
Fucidin
Indications
Treatment of severe staphylococcal infections especially Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To be used in combination therapy only i) Add-on therapy for intractable partial epilepsy, refractory to standard anti-epileptic drugs ii) Treatment of various types of neuropathic pain, both peripheral (which includes diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia) in adult more than 18 years
Dosage Form
ADULT : 500 mg 3 times daily diluted to 250 - 500 ml infused slowly over 2 hours. Maximum : 2 g daily. CHILD and INFANT : 20 mg/kg/day divided into 3 equal doses infused slowly over 2 - 4 hours i) ADULT: 900 - 1800 mg/day in 3 divided doses. CHILD: 10-40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses ii) ADULT: 900 mg/day in 3 equally divided doses, maximum: 3600 mg/day. Initiate therapy with 300 mg once on Day 1, 300 mg twice daily on Day 2, 300 mg three times daily on Day 3. Thereafter, the dose may be increased in 3 equally divided doses up to maximum 3600 mg/day i) ADULT: 900 - 1800 mg/day in 3 divided doses. CHILD: 10-40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses ii) ADULT: 900 mg/day in 3 equally divided doses, maximum: 3600 mg/day. Initiate therapy with 300 mg once on Day 1, 300 mg twice daily on Day 2, 300 mg three times daily on Day 3. Thereafter, the dose may be increased in 3 equally divided doses up to maximum 3600 mg/day i) ADULT: 900 - 1800 mg/day in 3 divided doses. CHILD: 10-40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses ii) ADULT: 900 mg/day in 3 equally divided doses, maximum 3600 mg/day. Initiate therapy 300 mg once on Day 1, 300 mg twice daily on Day 2, 300 mg three times daily on Day 3. Thereafter, the dose may be increased in 3 equally divided doses up to maximum 3600 mg/day 0.1 mmol/kg body weight (equivalent to 0.2 ml/kg body weight) up to 100 kg. Above 100 kg body weight 20 ml is usually sufficient to provide diagnostically adequate contrast The usual dose in adults, children, and neonates is 0.2 mL/kg (0.1 mmol/kg) intravenously. For cranial and spinal imaging, a further dose of 0.2 mL/kg (0.1 mmol/kg) may be given within 30 minutes if necessary; in adults this second dose may be 0.4 mL/kg (0.2 mmol/kg). For whole body imaging in adults and children over 2 years, a dose of 0.4 mL/kg (0.2 mmol/kg) may be needed in some cases to produce adequate contrast and in special circumstances a dose of 0.6 mL/kg (0.3 mmol/kg) may be used in adults
Precautions
Hepatic insufficiency, pregnancy and lactation Renal insufficiency, patients less than 12 years old, diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, elderly, renal impairment, haemodialysis, absence seizures. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Discontinuation of gabapentin and or addition or substitution of alternative therapy should be gradual, over a minimum of 1 week. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Renal insufficiency, patients less than 12 years old, diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, elderly, renal impairment, haemodialysis, absence seizures. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Discontinuation of gabapentin and or addition or substitution of alternative therapy should be gradual, over a minimum of 1 week. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Renal insufficiency, patients less than 12 years old, diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, elderly, renal impairment, haemodialysis, absence seizures. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Discontinuation of gabapentin and or addition or substitution of alternative therapy should be gradual, over a minimum of 1 week. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Severe renal impairment, epilepsy, hypotension, history of hypersensitivity, asthma or allergic respiratory disorders, hepatic disease, seizzure disorder, sickle cell anemia. Care should taken to avoid extravasation
Adverse Reaction
Reversible jaundice, thrombophlebitis
Contraindications
Interactions
Hepatotoxicity and increased plasma concentrations of fusidic acid and ritonavir. An increased risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis with simvastatin
Gabapentin 100 mg Tablet
Neurontin
Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, weight gain, fatigue, nystagmus, tremor, diplopia, amnesia, dyspepsia, asthenia, leukopenia, headache, myalgia
Hypersensitivity to gabapentin
Antacid like Maalox reduced the bioavailability of gabapentin
Gabapentin 300 mg Capsule
Neurontin
i) Add-on therapy for intractable partial epilepsy, refractory to standard anti-epileptic drugs ii) Treatment of various types of neuropathic pain, both peripheral (which includes diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia) in adult more than 18 years
Gabapentin 600 mg Tablet
i) Add-on therapy for intractable partial epilepsy, refractory to standard anti-epileptic drugs ii) Treatment of various types of neuropathic pain, both peripheral (which includes diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia) in adult over 18 years Contrast medium for cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intravenous administration. The product provides contrast enhancement and facilitates visualisation of abnormal structure or lesions in the CNS
Gadodiamide 287mg (0.5 mmol/ml)
Omniscan
Headache, nausea, vomiting, transient sensations of heat, taste disturbance, anaphylaxis, shock, paraesthesias, dizziness, localized pain, serum iron level abnormal
Hypersensitive to Omniscan or its constituent
Not known
Gadopentetate Dimeglumine 469 mg/ml
Magnevist
i) Cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging ii) Whole body magnetic resonance imaging
Thrombophlebitis, hypotension, headache, nausea, vomiting, cold/warm sensation, cardiac arrest, chest pain, syncope, tachycardia, History of asthma, allergic conditions, severe renal erythema multiforme, injection site pain, insufficiency, sickle cell anaemia, chronic nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, rash, diarrhea, haemolytic anaemia, history of seizure disorder, excessive salivation, flatulence, gastrointestinal Hypersensitivity to gadopentetate products gastrointestinal disorders, hemodialysis patients, irritation, nausea, stomach ache, taste sense thrombotic syndrome altered, vomiting, xerostomia, anxiety, asthenia, dizziness, headache, paresthesia, seizure, somnolence, conjunctivitis, cough, dyspnea, nasal discharge, sneezing, throat irritation Experience of warmth, coldness pain at site of Hypersensitive with contrast media, have history of injection, nausea, vomiting, erythema, loss of allergy reaction, severe renal failure, treated with consciousness, malaise, urticaria, hypotension, Hypersensitive to gadolinium salts beta blocker, had convulsion and being treated for cardiogenic shock, pharyngeal oedema, epilepsy epistaxis, procedural complication
Not known
Gadoterate Meglumine (Gadoteric Acid) 0.5 mmol/ ml Injection
Dotarem
The recommended dose is 0.1 mmol/kg (equivalent to High risk patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance 0.2 mL/kg in adults, children and infants. In Imaging for cerebral and spinal disease, diseases of angiography, depending on the results of the the vertebral column and other whole body pathology examination being performed, a second injection may be administered during the same session if necessary
Allopurinol, Atorvastatin, Emla
Gamma Benzene Hexachloride 0.1 % Lindane Lotion
Scabies
Gamma Benzene Hexachloride 0.1% Lindane in Oil Solution
Head lice
Gamma Benzene Hexachloride 1% Cream
Lindane
Only for scabies in adult
Pregnancy and premature babies, lactation. Avoid in patients with a history of epilepsy (e.g. HIV, history of head trauma or prior seizure, CNS tumor, excessive alcohol consumption) or who have a low body-weight, hypersensitivity to Not known lindane products, Norwegian (crusted) scabies ,other skin conditions (e.g. atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) that may increase systemic absorption Pregnancy and premature babies, lactation. Not for oral ingestion and avoid eye contact. Apply a sufficient quantity of shampoo onto clean, dry Avoid in patients with a history of epilepsy (e.g. Dermatological disorders, excoriated skin, elderly. hair; generally 1 ounce is sufficient, no more than 2 Seizures, dermatitis, dizziness, eczema, HIV, history of head trauma or prior seizure, Simultaneous use of lindane lotion and other ounces should be used. Work the shampoo into hair papular lesions, itching, Henoch- Schonlein CNS tumor, excessive alcohol consumption) or creams, ointments or oils. CNS toxicity may be thoroughly and allow to remain on hair for 4 minutes. purpura, percutaneous absorption, atypical who have a low body-weight, hypersensitivity to Not known greater in the young; use with extreme caution in Add small quantities of water and massage until a leukaemia, aplastic anemia and abnormal vision lindane products, Norwegian (crusted) scabies infants, children, and pregnant and nursing good lather forms. Rinse thoroughly and towel dry on the use of lindane cream ,other skin conditions (e.g. atopic dermatitis, mothers, conditions which may increase the risk of briskly psoriasis) that may increase systemic seizure absorption Pregnancy and premature babies, lactation. Not for oral ingestion and avoid eye contact. Avoid in patients with a history of epilepsy (e.g. Dermatological disorders, excoriated skin, elderly. Seizures, dermatitis, dizziness, eczema, HIV, history of head trauma or prior seizure, Apply on dry and cool skin and leave for 6 - 8 hours Simultaneous use of lindane lotion and other papular lesions, itching, Henoch- Schonlein CNS tumor, excessive alcohol consumption) or before washing off. Only 1 application is necessary. In creams, ointments or oils. CNS toxicity may be purpura, percutaneous absorption, atypical who have a low body-weight, hypersensitivity to Not known children under 2 yrs, use Gamma Benzene greater in the young; use with extreme caution in leukaemia, aplastic anemia and abnormal vision lindane products, Norwegian (crusted) scabies Hexachloride cream 0.5%, with caution infants, children, and pregnant and nursing on the use of lindane cream ,other skin conditions (e.g. atopic dermatitis, mothers, conditions which may increase the risk of psoriasis) that may increase systemic seizure absorption Not for oral ingestion and avoid eye contact. Dermatological disorders, excoriated skin, elderly. Simultaneous use of lindane lotion and other Apply lotion to entire body from neck down for 8 to 12 creams, ointments or oils. CNS toxicity may be hours, then rinse greater in the young; use with extreme caution in infants, children, and pregnant and nursing mothers, conditions which may increase the risk of seizure Seizures, dermatitis, dizziness, eczema, papular lesions, itching, Henoch- Schonlein purpura, percutaneous absorption, atypical leukaemia, aplastic anemia and abnormal vision on the use of lindane cream
Generic Name
Ganciclovir Sodium 546 mg/10 ml Injection
Trade Name
Indications
Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in immunocompromised patients, prevention of CMV disease during immunosuppressive therapy following organ transplantation
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Pregnancy, lactation, patients with neutrophil count less than 500 cells/mcL
Interactions
Probenecid, zidovudine, imipenem-cilastatin, didanosine, imipenem /cilastatin, mycophenolate mofetil May require dose adjustments of exogeneous gonadotrophins when used during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Cymevene
Initial: 5 mg/kg infused over 1 hour 12 hourly for 14 Pre-existing cytopenias. Maintain adequate 21 days (CMV retinitis treatment) or 7 - 14 days (CMV Fever, rash, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hydration of patients. Impaired renal function. High disease prevention). Long term maintenance: 6 mg/kg anaemia, decreased blood sugar pH (9 - 11) of reconstituted solution daily for 5 days/week or 5 mg/kg daily for 7 days/week
Ganirelix 0.25 mg/0.5 ml Injection
Orgalutran
Prevention of premature luteinizing hormone surges in Given by SC 0.25 mg once daily, starting on day 6 of women undergoing controlled ovarian ovarian stimulation and continued until ovulation hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction technique induction i) Locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer ii) Locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer iii) In combination with carboplatin in the treatment of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma, who have relapsed more than six months, following platinum-based therapy iv) In combination with paclitaxel for treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer who have relapsed following adjuvant/ neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prior chemotherapy should have included an anthracycline unless clinically contraindicated i) Locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer ii) Locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer iii) In combination with carboplatin in the treatment of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma, who have relapsed more than six months, following platinum-based therapy iv) In combination with Paclitaxel, for treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer who have relapsed following adjuvant/ neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prior chemotherapy should have included an anthracycline unless clinically contraindicated
Nausea, headache, injection site reactions, Pregnancy and lactation, moderate to severe Women with active allergic conditions or a history of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, abdominal renal or hepatic impairment, severe allergic allergies pain, vaginal bleeding, dizziness, malaise, condition congenital abnormalities
Gemcitabine HCl 1 g Injection
Gemzar
i) Alone or with cisplatin: 1000 mg/m2 day 1 & 8 every 3 weeks or 1000 mg/m2 day 1, day 8, day 15 every 4 weeks ii) Initially 1000 mg/m2 weekly for 7 weeks followed by 1 week rest. Subsequent cycles 1000 mg/ m2 weekly for 3 weeks followed by 1 week rest iii) Caution in hepatic dysfunction, myelosuppression, Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 as 30 minutes IV infusion renal impairment. Avoid prolonging infusion times day 1 & 8 of each 21-day cycle followed by carboplatin more than 60 minutes on day 1 to attain a target AUC of 4 mg/ml/minute iv) 1250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 given as a 3-hour infusion before gemcitabine on day 1 of each 21-day cycle i) Alone or with cisplatin: 1000 mg/m2 day 1 & 8 every 3 weeks or 1000 mg/m2 day 1, day 8, day 15 every 4 weeks ii) Initially 1000 mg/m2 weekly for 7 weeks followed by 1 week rest. Subsequent cycles 1000 mg/ m2 weekly for 3 weeks followed by 1 week rest iii) Caution in hepatic dysfunction, myelosuppression, Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 as 30 minutes IV infusion renal impairment. Avoid prolonging infusion times day 1 & 8 of each 21-day cycle followed by carboplatin more than 60 minutes on day 1 to attain a target AUC of 4 mg/ml/minute iv) 1250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle, with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 given as a 3-hour infusion before gemcitabine on day 1 of each 21-day cycle Cervical dilatation: 1 pessary 3 hourly before surgery to a max of 5 pessaries over 24 hours Obstructive airway disease, elevated intraocular pressure, cervicitis or vaginitis, ulcerative colitis, cardiovascular disease, renal or hepatic disease. Patients with hypertension or hypotension
Flu-like symptoms, proteinuria, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, oral soreness, rash, pruritus, elevation of liver enzymes, haematuria, dyspnoea, allergic reactions, myalgia, alopecia, diarrhoea, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome
Hypersensitivity to gemcitabine. Pregnancy, lactation
Increased risk of infection by live vaccines. Cisplatin, etoposide, radiotherapy
Gemcitabine HCl 200 mg Injection
Gemzar
Flu-like symptoms, proteinuria, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, oral soreness, rash, pruritus, elevation of liver enzymes, haematuria, dyspnoea, allergic reactions, myalgia, alopecia, diarrhoea, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome
Hypersensitivity to gemcitabine. Pregnancy, lactation
Increased risk of infection by live vaccines. Cisplatin, etoposide, radiotherapy
Gemeprost (Prostagladin E1 Synthetic Analogue) 1 mg Pessary
Cervagem
Inducing abortion in the first trimester
Gemfibrozil 300 mg Capsule
Lopid
Treatment of hyperlipoprotinaemias (TYPES IIA, IIB, III, IV, V)
Vaginal bleeding, mild uterine pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, muscle weakness, dizziness, flushing, chills, backache, dyspnoea, chest pain, palpitations and mild pyrexia. Anapylactic reactions (rare) Dizziness, chest pain, fatigue, rash, pruritis, Cholelithiasis, concomitant use of anticoagulants dermatitis, urticaria, pain in extremities, and hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) ADULT: 1200 mg/day in 2 divided doses, 30 minutes abdominal and epigastric pain, diarrhoea, reductase inhibitor (statin) risk of rhabdomyolysis. before breakfast and dinner. Dose range from 0.9-1.5 vomiting, flatulence, gout, headache, Diabetes, hypothyroidism, not recommended for g daily paraesthesia, blurred vision. Myalgia, patients with type IIa hyperlipidemia (low-density rhabdomyolysis especially when coadministered lipoproteins cholesterol elevations only) with a statin Apply 2 - 3 times daily Discontinue if irritation or sensitization occurs Contact lens users, overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms on prolonged use, discontinue if irritation or sensitization occurs, pre-existing renal, vestibular, or auditory impairment, concomitant anesthesia, risk for neuromuscular blockade, respiratory paralysis, concomitant neurotoxic, ototoxic, nephrotoxic drugs Contact lens users, overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms on prolonged use, discontinue if irritation or sensitization occurs, pre-existing renal, vestibular, or auditory impairment, concomitant anesthesia, risk for neuromuscular blockade, respiratory paralysis, concomitant neurotoxic, ototoxic, nephrotoxic drugs Contact lens users, overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms on prolonged use, discontinue if irritation or sensitization occurs, pre-existing renal, vestibular, or auditory impairment, concomitant anesthesia, risk for neuromuscular blockade, respiratory paralysis, concomitant neurotoxic, ototoxic, nephrotoxic drugs Not known Avoid prolonged use Non-specific conjunctivitis, conjunctival epithelial defect and hyperemia, temporary burning sensation (rare), irritation, stinging, itching and dermatitis,hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia Non-specific conjunctivitis, conjunctival epithelial defect and hyperemia, temporary burning sensation (rare), irritation, stinging, itching and dermatitis,hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia Non-specific conjunctivitis, conjunctival epithelial defect and hyperemia, temporary burning sensation (rare), irritation, stinging, itching and dermatitis,hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia
Hypersensitivity to gemeprost or other prostagladin derivatives. Acute pelvic Not known inflammatory disease and uterine scars Induction of labour or cervical softening at term Co-admin with repaglinide may lead to an increase in the serum levels of repaglinide. May enhance the effects of oral anticoagulants. May also increase the plasma concentrations of ciclosporin and associated nephrotoxicity when used concurrently Not known
Hypersensitivity to gemfibrozil, severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, gall stones, neonates, children, pregnancy, lactation Hypersensitivity to gentamicin or other aminoglycosides
Gentamicin 0.1% Cream
Garamycin
For localised infections
Gentamicin 0.3% Eye Drops
Garamycin
Broad spectrum antibiotic in superficial eye infections 1 - 2 drops every 4 hours, in severe infection dosage and also for Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be increased up to 2 drops every hour
Hypersensitivity to Gentamicin or aminoglycosides products
Not known
Gentamicin 0.3% Eye Ointment
Garamycin
Conjunctivitis, blepharitis, blepharo-conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, episcleritis, dacrocystitis, Apply into the conjunctival sac 3 - 4 times daily corneal ulcers, styes and infected eye socket
Not known
Gentamicin 3% Fortified Eye Drops
Broad spectrum antibiotic in superficial eye infections Dose according to the needs of the patient and also for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Not known
Gentamicin 7.5 mg Beads
Septopal
Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of post-traumatic, post-operative or hematogenous origin
7.5 - 22.5 mg chains to fill affected cavity
Toxic side-effects are not anticipated since after use of Septopal chains only extremely low Established gentamicin intolerance gentamicin concentrations are found in serum Vestibular& auditory toxicity, renal toxicity, neuromuscular blockade, superinfection, nausea, vomitting, rash, blood disorders Vestibular& auditory toxicity, renal toxicity, neuromuscular blockade, superinfection, nausea, vomitting, rash, blood disorders Known hypersensitivity. Patients with preexistent vestibular& or cochlear disease. Administration of other ototoxic or nephrotoxic antibiotics. Pregnancy and lactation
Not known
Gentamicin Sulphate 20 mg/2 ml Injection
Garamycin
ADULT: 3 - 5 mg/kg/day 8 hourly IM or IV. CHILD up to 2 weeks: 3mg/kg every 12 hours; 2 weeks - 12 years: 2 mg/kg 8 hourly ADULT: 3 - 5 mg/kg/day 8 hourly IM or IV. CHILD up to 2 weeks: 3mg/kg every 12 hours; 2 weeks - 12 years: 2 mg/kg 8 hourly
Pregnancy, patients with reduced renal function, myasthenia gravis or Parkinson
Gentamicin Sulphate 80 mg/2 ml Injection
Garamycin
Pregnancy. Patients with reduced renal function, myasthenia gravis or Parkinson
Concurrent or sequestial administration with potent antidiuretics, anaesthetics, neuromuscular blockers, other aminoglycosides, polymyxin, amphotericin B, mannitol, cephalosporins Concurrent or sequestial administration with Known hypersensitivity. Patients with prepotent antidiuretics, anaesthetics, existent vestibular& or cochlear disease. neuromuscular blockers, other Administration of other ototoxic and/or aminoglycosides, polymyxin, amphotericin B, nephrotoxic antibiotics. Pregnancy and lactation mannitol, cephalosporins
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Gentamicin Sulphate and Betamethasone Disodium Phosphate Garasone Eye Drops
Inflammatory and allergic conditions involving superficial eye structures and when bacterial infection is present : conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, 2 drops 3 - 4 times daily episcleritis, dacryocystitis, hordeolum, meibomianitis, injuries involving anterior segment of the eye Inflammatory and allergic conditions involving superficial eye structures and when bacterial infection is present : conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, Thin coating of ointment 3 - 4 times daily episcleritis, dacryocystitis, hordeolum, meibomianitis, injuries involving anterior segment of the eye Diabetes mellitus type 2 Range: 2.5 - 15 mg daily (with or immediately after breakfast). Initially 2.5 mg daily increasing by 2.5 mg required for metabolic control. Max: 15 mg daily
Prolonged use in infants. May impair ability to drive Rise in intraocular pressure, corneal ulcers. or operate machinery. Pregnancy. Withdraw if there Rarely, acute sensitization to neomycin, optic is spread of infection nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects
Hypersensitivity to any of the components or to Not known other aminoglycosides
Gentamicin Sulphate and Betamethasone Disodium Phosphate Garasone Eye Ointment
Prolonged use in infants. May impair ability to drive Rise in intraocular pressure, corneal ulcers. or operate machinery. Pregnancy. Withdraw if there Rarely, acute sensitization to neomycin, optic is spread of infection nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects Elderly, mild and moderate hepatic and renal Gastrointestinal disturbance, blood dyscrasia, impairment. Cross-sensitivity to sulphonamides and increase appetite, weight gain, skin rashes, its derivatives pruritus, hypersensitivity reaction
Hypersensitivity to any of the components or to Not known other aminoglycosides Alcohol, beta blockers, biguanides, MAOIs, Diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetic coma, severe sulphonamides, thyroid hormone, ACE inhibitor, renal or renal impairment, pregnancy analgesic Potentiates hyperglycaemia with danazol, chlorpromazine, glucocorticoids, progestogens, beta 2 agonist. Potentiated hypoglycaemic effect with sulfonamides, salicylates, phenylbutazone, beta-blockers, alcohol, H2 antagonists, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, MAOIs, fluconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole. Diminished hypoglycaemic effect with thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids and oestrogens Potentiates hyperglycaemia with danazol, chlorpromazine, glucocorticoids, progestogens, beta2 agonist. Potentiated hypoglycaemic effect with sulfonamides, salicylates, phenylbutazone, beta-blockers, alcohol, H2 antagonists, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, MAOIs, fluconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole. Diminished hypoglycaemic effect with thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids and oestrogens
Glibenclamide 5 mg Tablet
Daonil
Gliclazide 30 mg Modified Release Tablet
Diamicron MR
Diabetes mellitus type 2
30 mg daily, adjust according to response every 4 weeks, max 120 mg daily
Hepatic and or renal impairment. Hypoglycaemia may occur with reduced dietary intake or too high doses
Diabetes type 1. Severe renal or hepatic insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic Nausea, headache, rashes and gastrointestinal precoma. Pregnancy and lactation. Avoid disturbances. Rarely, haematological disorders concomitant treatment with miconazole preparation
Gliclazide 80 mg Tablet
Diamicron
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Initially 40-80 mg daily. Total daily dose may vary from Hepatic and or renal impairment. Hypoglycaemia 80- 320 mg orally. Adjust dose according to patient's may occur with reduced dietary intake or too high individual response doses
Diabetes type 1. Severe renal or hepatic insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic Nausea, headache, rashes and gastrointestinal precoma. Pregnancy and lactation. Avoid disturbances. Rarely, haematological disorders concomitant treatment with miconazole preparation
Glucagon (Lyophilised) 1 mg/ml Injection
Glucagen
Management of hypoglycaemia
Glucometamine 150 mg Injection Glucometamine Capsule
Jetepar Jetepar
For disorders in which hepatic function is impaired For disorders in which hepatic function is impaired 2% formulation - High level disinfection for heat sensitive equipments such as endoscopes
ADULT: 1 mg by SC, IM or IV. Repeat in 20 minutes if necessary. CHILD less than 20 kg: 0.02 to 0.03 mg/kg/dose or 0.5mg dose SC, IM or IV. Maximum: 1mg/dose. CHILD greater than 20 kg: 1mg SC, IM or IV NEWBORN below 8 kg body weight: 2 ml daily by IV diluted in saline or glucose. ADULT 2-10 ml oncetwice daily by IV or infusion 2 capsules 3 times daily
Patients with marked depletion of liver glycogen stores
Gastrointestinal upset, hypersensitivity
Glucagonoma, insulinoma, phaeochromocytoma
Not known
Not known
Not known Not known Nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, airway obstruction, asthma, rhinitis, eye irritation and dermatitis. Skin reactions were due to hypersensitivity or a direct irritant effect Mainly due to dehydration action, irritation
Not known Not known
Not known Not known
Glutaraldehyde Solution
Glycerin
As a lubricant and osmotic dehydrating agent
Glycerin 15% Eye Drops Glycerin 25% and Sodium Chloride 15% Enema Glycerin with Spirit 33% w/w Ear Drops
As an adjunct in the management of acute glaucoma
Ravin -
Constipation To relieve oedematosus otitis externa
Not known Irritating to skin and mucous membrane. Shelf life 20 minutes or more immersion is recommended for shortens when diluted (effective for 14-30 days endoscopes before the session and between patients depending on formulations). Must wear personal after thorough cleaning based on manufacturer protective equipment (PPE). Preparation room must recommendation be well ventilated Cause irritation when given locally, local anesthetic Apply to area when required may be used before application Administer with caution to patients with cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease, diabetes, haemolytic 1 - 2 drops as needed anaemia. Long-term use of is not well tolerated and instillation is painful Frequent or prolonged use of laxatives may result 1 enema as required in dependence Administer with caution to patients with cardiac, 2 - 3 drops 3 - 4 times daily renal, or hepatic disease, diabetes, haemolytic anaemia Severe hepatic , renal impairment, hypothyroidism, malnutrition, hypothermia. Cerebrovascular disease, lung disease or cor pulmonale, pregnancy, lactation, glaucoma, mitral valve prolapse, cardiac tamponade, syncope. Avoid prolonged excessive hypotension. Nitrate-free interval is recommended in patients on continuous treatment with nitrates to reduce the risk of tolerance Severe renal or hepatic impairment. Need to be diluted for infusion via approved administration sets only. Absorption by plastics & filters. Nitrate-free interval is recommended in patients on continuous treatment with nitrates to reduce the risk of tolerance Hepatic impairment: since any absorption and consequent metabolism may cause hyperammonaemia cardiopulmonary or renal dysfunction.
Hypersensitivity to any of its component
Organic matters
Not known
Not known
May damage endothelial cells of the cornea
Hypersensitivity to any component in the preparation, severe dehydration, severe cardiac Not known decompensation Hypersensitivity to any component in the Not known preparation Hypersensitivity to any component in the preparation, severe dehydration, severe cardiac Not known decompensation
Rectal discomfort, burning sensation Not known
Glyceryl Trinitrate 0.5 mg Tablet
Angised
Prophylaxis and treatment of angina and left ventricular failure
0.5-1 mg sublingually
Flushing, dizziness,throbbing headache, vomiting, restlessness, blurred vision,tachycardia,bradycardia , hypotension (which can be severe), syncope, and cyanosis rarely),methaemoglobinaemia, respiratory impairment Flushing, dizziness, tachycardia and throbbing headache. Large doses cause vomiting, restlessness, blurred vision, hypotension (which can be severe), syncope and rarely cyanosis and methaemoglobinaemia, impairment of respiration and bradycardia
For sublingual:Severe anaemia, early myocardial infarction, increased intracranial pressure, symptomatic hypotension, hypersensitivity to organic nitrates
Imipramine, atropine, nitrates and sildenafil
Glyceryl Trinitrate 25 mg/5 ml Injection
Nitro-bid
Prophylaxis and treatment of angina, left ventricular failure. Not for direct IV injection.
Initial 5 mcg/min delivered via infusion pump. Subsequent titration must be adjusted to clinical situation with dose increment becoming more cautious as partial response is seen. The dosage depends on the extent of the procedure and its duration
For IV :Constrictive pericarditis, pericardial tamponade, restrictive cardiomyopathy, symptomatic hypotension, hypersensitivity to organic nitrates
Hypotensive effect enhanced by alcohol, beta blockers, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, narcotics, sildenafil. May potentiate effects of antihistamines, anticholinergics. Antagonises pressor action of sympathomimetics Not known
Glycine 1.5% Irrigating Solution
Bladder irrigation during genitourinary surgery
Systemic absorption can lead to disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance and cardiovascular Anuric patients and pulmonary disorders
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, severe allergic reactions including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions; hypersensitivity; urticaria, pruritus, dry skin, and other dermal manifestations; some degree of mental confusion and/or excitement, especially in elderly
Contraindications
Interactions
Glycopyrrolate 200 mcg/ml Injection
Autonomic neuropathy, children and elderly patients, congestive heart failure, coronary heart i) ADULT: 0.2 - 0.4 mg by IV before anaesthesic i) To reduce secretions (respiratory tract) for certain disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, ileostomy induction or intraoperatively. CHILD: 4-8 mcg/kg up to types of surgery ii) Reversal of neuromuscular block in or colostomy, mild hepatic or renal disease, a max of 200 mcg (0.2 mg) by IV ii) 0.2 mg by IV for patients where atropine is contraindicated prostatic hypertrophy, tachyarrythmia, tachycardia. each 1 mg of neostigmine or 5 mg pyridostigmine May cause heat prostration, neuromuscular blockade
Goserelin 3.6 mg Depot Injection
Zoladex
Prostate cancer,endometriosis,leiomyoma uteri and assissted reproduction,breast cancer in 3.6 mg depot injection every 28 days premenopausal and perimenopausal women suitable for hormonal manipulation
Granisetron HCl 1 mg Tablet
Kytril
Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy
ADULT 1 mg twice daily or 2 mg once daily with the first dose to be administered within 1 hour prior to cytostatic therapy. Maximum 9 mg/day i) ADULT 1-3 mg as an IV bolus not not less than 30 seconds; maximum 9 mg/day. CHILD over 2 years; single dose of 10-40 mcg/kg as an IV infusion; maximum 3 mg/day ii) ADULT 1 mg by slow IV injection over 30 seconds prior to induction of anaesthesia
Initially may increase bone pain, increase serum testosterone levels, and worsen symptoms of prostatic cancer.Isolated cases of spinal cord Bone pain, hot flashes, gynecomastia, compression and renal impairment from ureteral impotence, breakthrough bleeding, deep obstruction have occurred.History of prior treatment venous thrombosis, depression, imsomnia that may have resulted in bone mineral density loss or patients with increased risk factors for decreased bone mineral density Headache, asthenia, fever, pain, bradycardia, Subacute intestinal obstruction, pregnancy and constipation, nausea, leukopenia, lactation, liver disease thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity reaction, transiet increases in liver enzymes, rash Subacute intestinal obstruction, pregnancy and lactation, liver disease Headache, asthenia, fever, pain, bradycardia, constipation, nausea, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity reaction, transiet increases in liver enzymes, rash
Cisapride, with other anticholinergics or medications with anticholinergic activity, such as phenothiazines, antiparkinson drugs, or Glaucoma, obstructive uropathy, GI obstruction, tricyclic antidepressants, may intensify the myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity to antimuscarinic effects and may result in an glycopyrrolates newborns less than 1 month of increase in anticholinergic side effects.Postage marketing reports have included cases of heart block and QTc interval prolongation associated with the combined use of glycopyrrolate and an anticholinesterase Pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to goserelin products, leutenizing hormonereleasing hormon (LHRH) or LHRH analogues. Not Known Depot injection of 10.8 mg is contraindicated in women
Hypersensitivity to granisetron and other 5-HT3 Cytochrome P450 effect (minor). Apomorphine receptor antagonists
Granisetron HCl 3 mg/3 ml Injection
Kytril
i) Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy ii) Post-operative nausea and vomiting
Hypersensitivity to granisetron and other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Injection contains benzyl Cytochrome P450 effect (minor). Apomorphine alcohol and should not be used in neonates Absorption reduced by barbiturates. Effectiveness reduced by liver enzyme inducing drugs. Decreases anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptive. Enhancement of effects of alcohol Absorption reduced by barbiturates. Effectiveness reduced by liver enzyme inducing drugs. Decreases anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptive. Enhancement of effects of alcohol Generally, drugs of low molecular weight, high water solubility, low volume of distribution, low protein binding and high renal clearance are most extensively removed by dialysis e.g. aminoglycosides. Dialysis-induced changes in fluids and electrolytes
Griseofulvin (Ultramicrosize 125 mg = Fulcin 250 mg Microsize) Tablet
Ability to drive and operate machinery may be ADULT: 500 mg daily up to 1 g daily in divided doses, Dermatophyte infections of the skin, scalp, hair and impaired. Lactation. May damage sperm cells CHILD: 10 mg/kg daily in divided doses or as a single nails, where topical therapy has failed or inappropriate male should not father children within 6 month of dose treatment Ability to drive and operate machinery may be CHILD: up to 1 year: 62.5 mg twice daily, 1 - 5 years: impaired. Lactation. May damage sperm cells 62.5 mg 3 times daily, 6 - 12 years: 125 mg 2-3 times male should not father children within 6 month of daily treatment
Oral thrush, gastrointestinal distress, taste perversion, dizziness, confusion, headache, Established porphyria, hepatocellular failure, depression, insomnia, fatigue, peripheral SLE and related conditions, pregnancy neuritis, photosensitivity, skin rashes, urticaria, erythema multiforme, leucopaenia, proteinuria Oral thrush, gastrointestinal distress, taste perversion, dizziness, confusion, headache, Established porphyria, hepatocellular failure, depression, insomnia, fatigue, peripheral systemic and related conditions, pregnancy neuritis, photosensitivity, skin rashes, urticaria, erythema multiforme, leucopenia, proteinuria Nausea, vomiting, hypotension, muscle cramps and air embolus. Effects related to vascular access include infection, thrombosis and haemorrhage. Long-term complications in dialysed patients, some of which may relate to Not known renal failure itself, include haemodialysis-related amyloidosis, acquired cystic kidney disease and accelerated atherosclerosis. Dialysis dementia is a special hazard of aluminium overload Nausea, vomiting, hypotension, muscle cramps and air embolus. Effects related to vascular access include infection, thrombosis and haemorrhage. Long-term complications in dialysed patients, some of which may relate to Not known renal failure itself, include haemodialysis-related amyloidosis, acquired cystic kidney disease and accelerated atherosclerosis. Dialysis dementia is a special hazard of aluminium overload Injection site reaction, fever Hypersensitivity to any components of the vaccine
Griseofulvin Syrup
Fulcin
Dermatophyte infections
Haemodialysis Concentrate with Acetate
For acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, overhydration, intoxication, adjustment of acid-base and electrolyte balance
Unstable cardiovascular disease or active bleeding. During haemodialysis and haemofiltration, heparin are required to prevent clotting of the blood in the extracorporeal circuit. Dialysis solutions should be warmed to body temperature with dry heat because wet heat carries a risk of microbial contamination
Haemodialysis Concentrate with Bicarbonate
For acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, overhydration, intoxication, adjustment of acid-base and electrolyte balance
Unstable cardiovascular disease or active bleeding. During haemodialysis and haemofiltration, heparin are required to prevent clotting of the blood in the extracorporeal circuit. Dialysis solutions should be warmed to body temperature with dry heat because wet heat carries a risk of microbial contamination
Generally, drugs of low molecular weight, high water solubility, low volume of distribution, low protein binding and high renal clearance are most extensively removed by dialysis e.g. aminoglycosides. Dialysis-induced changes in fluids and electrolytes
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Conjugate 10 mcg Vaccine
Act-Hib
Immunisation of infants against Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
0.5 ml IM
Presence of fever or acute infection
Not known
Haloperidol 1.5 mg Tablet
Serenace
Schizophrenia and other psychoses
Concomitant anticoagulant use, concomitant CNS depressant use (anaesthetics, opiates, and alcohol), history of convulsive disorders, known allergies or allergic reactions to drugs, manic patients, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, elderly ADULT : 1.5 - 5 mg 2 - 3 times daily up to 30 mg daily. patients, impaired liver function, CV disease, Paed : Initial: 0.05 mg/kg/day or 0.25-0.5 mg/day thyrotoxicosis. Parkinsonism, angle-closure given in 2-3 divided doses; increase by 0.25-0.5 mg glaucoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia; severe every 5-7 days; maximum: 0.15 mg/kg/day. Maximum cardiac or hepatic disease, presence of acute 10 mg infections or leucopaenia; hyperthyroidism; pregnancy, elderly, children. Patients receiving anticoagulants. Discontinue treatment upon signs of neurological toxicity in patients taking lithium. Temperature regulation: Impaired core body temperature regulation may occur
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), tardive dyskinesia, sedation, hypotension, tachycardia, insomnia, anxiety, weight changes, anticholinergic effects, gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, menstrual irregularities, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, arrhythmias, seizure, jaundice, hyperpyrexia. Anxiety, depression, anorexia, leukopaenia
Parkinson's disease, severe CNS depression, bone marrow suppression, severe cardiac or hepatic disease, comatose states, hypersensitivity to haloperidol. Lactation
Tramadol, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, carbamazepine, cisapride,dicoumarol, procyclidine, methyldopa, olanzapine, rifampicin, lithium, tricyclic antidepressants. May increase the plasma levels of haloperidol when used with clozapine or chlorpromazine
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Haloperidol 5 mg Tablet
Serenace
Haloperidol 5 mg/ml Injection
Serenace
Acute psychoses and mania
Heparin 1000 units/ml Injection
i) Prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. ii) Treatment of myocardial infarction and arterial embolism. iii) Prevention of clotting in arterial and heart surgery and for prevention of cerebral thrombosis
Heparin 5000 units/ml Injection
i) Prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. ii) Treatment of myocardial infarction and arterial embolism. iii) Prevention of clotting in arterial and heart surgery and for prevention of cerebral thrombosis
Heparin Sodium 50 units in Sodium Chloride Injection
Hepsal
To maintain patency of peripheral venous catheters
Concomitant anticoagulant use, concomitant CNS depressant use (anaesthetics, opiates, and alcohol), history of convulsive disorders, known allergies or allergic reactions to drugs, manic patients, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, elderly ADULT : 1.5 - 5 mg 2 - 3 times daily up to 30 mg daily. patients, impaired liver function, CV disease, Paed : Initial: 0.05 mg/kg/day or 0.25-0.5 mg/day thyrotoxicosis. Parkinsonism, angle-closure given in 2-3 divided doses; increase by 0.25-0.5 mg glaucoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia; severe every 5-7 days; maximum: 0.15 mg/kg/day. Maximum cardiac or hepatic disease, presence of acute 10 mg infections or leucopaenia; hyperthyroidism; pregnancy, elderly, children. Patients receiving anticoagulants. Discontinue treatment upon signs of neurological toxicity in patients taking lithium. Temperature regulation: Impaired core body temperature regulation may occur Concomitant anticoagulant use, concomitant CNS depressant use (anaesthetics, opiates, and alcohol), history of convulsive disorders, known allergies or allergic reactions to drugs, manic patients, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, elderly patients, impaired liver function, CV disease, ADULT: IM or IV , 2 mg - 10 mg then every 4 - 8 hours thyrotoxicosis. Parkinsonism, angle-closure according to response to total maximum 18 mg daily. glaucoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia; severe Use in child is not recommended cardiac or hepatic disease, presence of acute infections or leucopaenia; hyperthyroidism; pregnancy, elderly, children. Patients receiving anticoagulants. Discontinue treatment upon signs of neurological toxicity in patients taking lithium. Temperature regulation: Impaired core body temperature regulation may occur i) By IV injection, loading dose of 5000 units (10,000 units in severe pulmonary embolism) followed by continuous infusion of 15-25 units/kg/hr. By SC injection (for DVT) of 15,000 units every 12 hours (laboratory monitoring on daily basis essential to adjust dose). Small adult or child, lower loading dose Heparin should be used cautiously in patients with then, 15-25 units/kg/hr by IV infusion, or 250 units/kg allergies since it is of animal origin, renal and every 12 hours by SC injection. ii) As i), for unstable hepatic disease. Hypertension during menstruation. Patients with indwelling catheters. Precaution must angina and acute peripheral arterial occlusion. iii) Prophylaxis in general surgery, by SC injection, 5000 be taken if using long-term subcutaneous heparin units 2 hour before surgery, then every 8-12 hours for in pregnant women and bacterial endocarditis 7 days or until patient is ambulant, during pregnancy (with monitoring), 5000-10000 units every 12 hours. An adjusted dose regimen may be used for major orthopaedic surgery or low molecular weight heparin may be selected i) By IV injection, loading dose of 5000 units (10,000 units in severe pulmonary embolism) followed by continuous infusion of 15-25 units/kg/hr. By SC injection (for DVT) of 15,000 units every 12 hours (laboratory monitoring on daily basis essential to adjust dose). Small adult or child, lower loading dose Heparin should be used cautiously in patients with then, 15-25 units/kg/hr by IV infusion, or 250 units/kg allergies since it is of animal origin, renal and every 12 hours by SC injection. ii) As i), for unstable hepatic disease. Hypertension during menstruation. Patients with indwelling catheters. Precaution must angina and acute peripheral arterial occlusion. iii) Prophylaxis in general surgery, by SC injection, 5000 be taken if using long-term subcutaneous heparin units 2 hour before surgery, then every 8-12 hours for in pregnant women and bacterial endocarditis 7 days or until patient is ambulant, during pregnancy (with monitoring), 5000-10000 units every 12 hours. An adjusted dose regimen may be used for major orthopaedic surgery or low molecular weight heparin may be selected Heparin should be used cautiously in patients with allergies since it is of animal origin, renal and hepatic disease. Hypertension during menstruation. Flush with 5 ml (50 units) every 4 hours or as required Patients with indwelling catheters. Precaution must be taken if using long-term subcutaneous heparin in pregnant women. Bacterial endocarditis Hepatic disease, hypersensitivity to neomycin, avoid IV route of administration
Hypersensitivity, in patients who are actively bleeding, or have blood dyscrasias, in patients Haemorrhage, cutaneous necrosis, with haemophilia or other blood disorders, and thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, hyperkalaemia in cases where sufficient blood coagulation tests are not available
Alprostadil, alteplase, aspirin, cefoperazone, clopidogrel, dextran, moxalactam, reteplase, urokinase, warfarin, digitalis, tetracyclines, nicotine, antihistamines, ACE inhibitors, analgesics, dipyridamole,drotrecogin Alfa, iloprost, nitrates, sibutramine
Hypersensitivity, in patients who are actively bleeding, or have blood dyscrasias, in patients Haemorrhage, cutaneous necrosis, with haemophilia or other blood disorders, and thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, hyperkalaemia in cases where sufficient blood coagulation tests are not available
Hypersensitivity in patients who are actively bleeding or have blood dyscrasias, in patients Haemorrhage, cutaneous necrosis, with haemophilia or other blood disorders and in thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, hyperkalaemia cases where sufficient blood coagulation tests are not available Fatique, fever, headache, muscle or joint pain and gastrointestinal upset. Mild reversible rise in liver enzymes
Hepatitis A, Inactivated Vaccine 160 Avaxim antigen units Injection
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (Human) Hyperhep/Hepabig Injection
0.5 ml per injection. ADULT and CHILD more than 15 Vaccination against hepatitis A especially in those at years: A single primary dose followed by a booster risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus such as: i) Visitors dose 6 - 12 months later. CHILD 2 - 15 years: A single ii) Chronic hepatitis B and C patient iii) Those primary dose followed by a booster dose 6 - 12 requiring vaccination against hepatitis A months later i) Recommended dose in ADULT and CHILD more i) For post-exposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B ii) than 10 years: A single dose of 500 units IM within 48 Prophylaxis against recurrence of hepatitis B infection hours and not more than 1 week after exposure ii) in chronic hepatitis B post liver transplantation Different regimens depending on hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA positivity
Fever, acute illness, chronic progressive disease, hypersensitivity
Immunosuppressants
Extreme hypogammaglobulinaemia, severe thrombocytopenia, bleeding disorders
Local reaction at injection site, headache, malaise, fever, nephrotic syndrome
Selective IgA deficiencies
Live vaccines
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Hepatitis B Vaccine Injection
B-Hepavac
Homatropine 2% Eye Drops
ADULTS over 20 years: 10 mcg/dose. ADOLESCENT 11 - 19 years: 5 mcg/dose. NEWBORN and CHILD up Pregnancy, immunodeficiency and or receiving Immunisation against infections caused by Hepatitis B to 10 years: 2.5 mcg/dose. INFANTS born to HBsAg immunosuppresant therapy, severely compromised virus positive mothers: 3 doses of 0.5 ml each. Second cardiopulmonary status dose to be given after 1 month and booster dose after 6 months Systemic toxicity especially in infants and small children.Children with brain damage, Down's Treatment of anterior segment inflammation. syndrome. Elderly, keratoconus, avoid bright light, 1 drop 1 - 4 times daily Producing cycloplegia and mydriasis for refraction driving, or hazardous activity while pupils are dilated,avoid contact with oral mucosa; wash hands thoroughly after use i) Acute hypovolemic shock ii) Hypoproteinaemia iii) Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia i) ADULT 25 g. CHILD 0.6 g/kg body weight ii) Hepatic or renal failure due to protein load; rapid Maximum daily dose is 2g iii) 1 g/kg before exchange infusion of albumin solutions may cause vascular transfusion. Dose is given at rate of 1 ml of 25% overload solution per minute
Fatigue, malaise, nausea, diarrhoea, reactions at injection site
Hypersensitivity to any of the components
Not known
Hypersensitivity to homatropine products, Transient stinging, local irritation, keratitis, pain primary glaucoma or tendency toward glaucoma Cisapride, procainamide in eye, raised intraocular pressure (e.g. narrow anterior chamber) CHF precipitation, oedema, hypertension, hypervolemia, hypotension, tachycardia,chills, fever, headache, pruritus, rash, urticaria, nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm, pulmonary oedema, anaphylaxis ACE inhibitors: May have increased risk of atypical reactions; withhold ACEIs for at least 24 hours prior to plasma exchanges using large volumes of albumin Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines (Inactivated)
Human Albumin Injection
Hypersensitivity to albumin; patients at risk for acute circulatory overload (cardiac failure, pulmonary edema, severe anemia)
Human Papillomavirus (Types 16, 18) Vaccine Injection
Cervarix
For the prevention of cervical cancer due to papilloma Acute severe febrile illness (postpone vaccination), Headache, myalgia, injection site reactions, Given by IM into deltoid region. ADULT and CHILD 10 Hypersensitivity to papillomavirus recombinant virus. To be used as part of the public health program thrombocytopenia or any coagulation disorder, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal 25 years, 3 doses of 0.5 mL, at 0, 1 and 6 months vaccine or any component of the formulation only pregnancy & lactation pain, pruritus, rash, urticaria, arthralgia, fever Pyrexia, pain in extremity, injection site reactions (erythema, pain and swelling, pruritus), bronchospasm, lymphadenopathy, dizziness, Guillain-Barre syndrome, headache, Hypersensitivity to papillomavirus recombinant syncope, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, myalgia, vaccine or any component of the formulation asthenia, fatigue, malaise, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic reactions, bronchospasm and urticaria Tachycardia, palpitation, hypotension, fluid retention, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, abnormal liver function, jaundice, blood disorders including haemolytic anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Metabolic disturbances, electrolyte imbalance, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, postural hypotension, paresthesia, impotence, yellow vision, hypersensitivity. Rarely cholestatic jaundice, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasias Idiopathic systemic lupus erythematous, severe tachycardia, high output heart failure, myocardial insufficiency due to mechanical obstruction, dissecting aortic aneurysm, cor pulmonale, porphyria
Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, Gardasil 16, 18) Vaccine Injection
For the prevention of cervical cancer due to papilloma Given by IM into deltoid region or higher anterolateral Impaired immune response, thrombocytopenia or virus. To be used as part of the public health program thigh. ADULT and CHILD 9 - 26 years, 3 doses of 0.5 any coagulation disorder, pregnancy & lactation only mL, at 0, 2 and 6 months
Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines (Inactivated)
Hydralazine HCl 20 mg Injection
Hypertensive crisis in pregnancy
i) Slow IV injection, ADULT: 5-10 mg diluted with 10ml sodium chloride 0.9%. May be repeated after 20-30 Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, coronary minutes if necessary. ii) IV infusion 200-300 artery disease, cerebrovascular disease mcg/minutes. Maintenance dose 50-150 mcg/minutes ADULT: Diuretics; 25-200 mg daily. Hypertension 12.525 mg daily CHILD: Oedema and hypertension; Adjunct; 1 to 2 mg/kg ORALLY daily in single or two Renal or hepatic impairment, pregnancy and divided doses; Children 2-12 years old MAX dose, not lactation, elderly, debilitated patients, syndrome to exceed 100 mg ORALLY daily; Infants less than 6 lupus erythematous. Monitor fluid and electrolytes, months old, may require doses up to 3 mg/kg ORALLY bronchial asthma daily in two divided doses, Infants up to 2 yrs old: MAX dose, not to exceed 37.5 mg ORALLY daily ADULT: Diuretics; 25-200 mg daily. Hypertension 12.525 mg daily CHILD: Oedema and hypertension; Adjunct; 1 to 2 mg/kg ORALLY daily in single or two Renal or hepatic impairment, pregnancy and divided doses; Children 2-12 years old MAX dose, not lactation, elderly, debilitated patients, syndrome to exceed 100 mg ORALLY daily; Infants less than 6 lupus erythematous. Monitor fluid and electrolytes, months old, may require doses up to 3 mg/kg ORALLY bronchial asthma daily in two divided doses, Infants up to 2 yrs old: MAX dose, not to exceed 37.5 mg ORALLY daily Apply to affected part 2-3 times daily (occasionally may cause sensitisation to Neomycin)
Concomitant treatment with other vasodilators, calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants and major tranquillisers, as well as the consumption of alcohol, may potentiate the blood pressurelowering effect May enhance toxicity of digitalis glycosides, neuromuscular-blocking action of competitive muscle relaxants, effect of antihypertensives. Increased risk of postural hypotension with alcohol, barbiturates, opioids. Potassiumdepleting effect enhanced by corticosteroids, ACTH, carbenoxolone May enhance toxicity of digitalis glycosides, neuromuscular-blocking action of competitive muscle relaxants, effect of antihypertensives. Increased risk of postural hypotension with alcohol, barbiturates, opioids. Potassiumdepleting effect enhanced by corticosteroids, ACTH, carbenoxolone
Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg Tablet
Diuretic, hypertension
Anuria, concurrent lithium therapy, renal decompensation
Hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg Tablet
Diuretic, hypertension
Metabolic disturbances, electrolyte imbalance, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, postural hypotension, paresthesia, impotence, yellow vision, hypersensitivity. Rarely cholestatic jaundice, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasias
Anuria, concurrent lithium therapy, renal decompensation
Hydrocortisone 1% & Neomycin 0.5% Cream
Hydrocortisone 1% Cream
Hydrocortisone 1% Ointment
Hydrocortisone 10 mg Tablet
Hydrocortisone Enema 0.1%
Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate 100 mg Injection
Solu-Cortef
Hydrogen Peroxide 1.5% Ear Drops
Dry skin, pruritus, irritation, mild to moderate Extensive or prolonged use, pregnancy, infant and Viral diseases, bacteria and fungal infection, Not known transient burning or stinging and allergic contact children less than 4 year. Avoid contact with eyes acne, rosacea and perioral dermatitis dermatitis Fungal and bacterial infections, tuberculosis of Inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of Apply sparingly to affected area 2 - 3 times daily until Prolonged use in infants and children, ulceration at Local atrophic skin changes, impaired skin the skin, viral disease of the skin, acne vulgaris, Not known corticosteroid responsive dermatoses condition improve, then reduce frequency infection site, diabetes mellitus healing rosacea, perioral dermatitis. Hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone Fungal and bacterial infections, tuberculosis of Inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of Apply sparingly to affected area 2 - 3 times daily until Prolonged use in infants and children, ulceration at Local atrophic skin changes, impaired skin the skin, viral disease of the skin, acne vulgaris, Not known corticosteroid responsive dermatoses condition improve, then reduce frequency infection site, diabetes mellitus healing rosacea, perioral dermatitis. Hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone Concurrent use of barbiturates, carbamazepine, Glucocorticoid replacement therapy in primary or phenytoin, primidone or rifampicin may enhance secondary adrenal insufficiencies and long term ADULT: 20 - 30 mg daily in divided doses. CHILD: 10 - Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle the metabolism and reduce the effects of Hypersensitivity, systemic fungal infection management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 30 mg daily in divided doses gradually weakness, peptic ulcer systemic corticosteroids. Oral contraceptives or children ritonavir may increase plasma concentrations of corticosteroids ADULT 100 mg 1-2 times/day for 2-3 weeks. If used Hypersensitivity, bowel obstruction and Adjunctive treatment for ulcerative colitis and proctitis for longer than 3 weeks, taper treatment over 2-3 Prolonged use, untreated infection Local irritation Not known perforation, extensive fistulas weeks Concurrent use of barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone or rifampicin may enhance Conditions responsive to systemic or local Initially 100 - 500 mg IV over 30 seconds to more than Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle the metabolism and reduce the effects of glucocorticoid injection therapy especially in 10 minutes. Dose may be repeated at intervals of 2, 4 Hypersensitivity, systemic fungal infection gradually weakness, peptic ulcer systemic corticosteroids. Oral contraceptives or emergencies or 6 hours ritonavir may increase plasma concentrations of corticosteroids Instill 1 - 2 drops into the ear as required (leave for a Perforated eardrum, suppurative otitis media, To soften impacted ear wax Not known Not known Not known few minutess) history of ear discharge Inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Hydrogen Peroxide 6% (=approx. 20 vol) shall be dispensed. For cleansing wounds: 1.5% to 6% solution apply 2-3 times daily or when nescessary. As a mouthwash: rinse the mouth for 2-3 minutes with 15ml of hydrogen peroxide 6% diluted in half a tumblerful of warm water 2-3 times daily. Disinfecting cleaned equipment: immersion for 30 minutes in 6% solution. As ear drop for removal of wax: hydrogen peroxide 6% diluted with 3 parts of water preferably just before use i) Initially 400 mg daily in divided dose. Maintenance : 200 - 400 mg daily ii) ADULT : 400 - 600 mg daily. Maintenance: 200 - 400 mg daily. CHILD : up to 6.5 mg/kg daily (maximum 400mg daily) Apply sufficiently for lubricating purpose ADULT daily dose up to 20 ml/kg/day. Normally 5001500 ml. The rate of infusion may approach 20 ml/kg/hour in acute haemorrhagic shock, slower rates in burns and septic shock. CHILD under 10 years 15 ml /kg/hour. Do not exceed
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Hydrogen Peroxide 20 volume Solution
Skin disinfection, particularly cleansing and deodorising wounds and ulcers
Large or deep wound, avoid normal skin, bleaches fabric. Strong solution which contain 27% and 30% (100 vol) are only for the preparation of weaker solution and should not be applied to tissue undiluted
Bleaching effect on hair, irritating burn on the skin, mucous membrane and eye. Continued use as a mouthwash may cause reversible hypertrophy of the papillae of the tongue
Should not be used in abscesses
Incompatible with reducing agents, including organic matter and oxidisable substances, some metals, metallic salts, iodides and permanganates
Hydroxychloroquine Sulphate 200 mg Tablet
Plaquenil
i) SLE and mixed connective tissue disease for skin, joint and serosa ii) Second line therapy for acute rheumatoid arthritis For lubricating purpose Therapy and prophylaxis of hypovolaemia and shock in connection with surgery trauma, infections and burns
Liver disease, alcoholism or concurrent administration with known hepatotoxic drugs. G6PD deficiency, renal impairment or metabolic acidosis, patients with psoriasis or porphyria, haematologic disorders. If patient develops pigmentary abnormality or visual field defect, discontinue drug Not known Elevated serum amylase levels may be observed temporarily following administration. Pregnant and lactation Asthma, migraine, epilepsy, cardiac dysfunction, renal dysfunction, history of psychic depression, hepatic and endocrine tests maybe altered during treatment. Benign and rarely malignant liver tumour which may lead to life-threatening intra abdominal haemorrhage had been observed
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Jelly
KY Jelly
Gastrointestinal disturbances, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, headache, skin reactions, bleaching of hair, alopecia, blurred vision, difficulty in focusing, blood dyscrasias, druginduced myopathy, disorder of cornea, cardiovascular: Torsades de pointes, agranulocytosis, retinopathy, ototoxicity (rare) Not known
Pre-existing maculopathy, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinoline compound, Digoxin - increase level, metoprolol long-term use in children, retinal or visual field changes from prior 4-aminoquinoline compound Not known Not known
Hydroxyethyl Starch 6% Injection
Haes-Steril
Not known
Bleeding disorders, congestive heart failure, renal failure with oliguria or anuria not related to Not known hypovolemia, known hypersensitivity to hydroxyethyl starch Hypersensitivity to hydroxyprogesterone, carcinoma of the breast (known or suspected), undiagnosed genital bleeding, missed abortion, Requirements for oral antidiabetics and insulin history of thrombophlebitis and thromboembolic can change disorders, history of cerebral apoplexy, genital malignancy, liver tumours, liver tumours, history of herpes of pregnancy
Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate 250 mg/ml Injection
Proluton-Depot
Habitual and threatened abortion
250 - 500 mg once weekly by IM injection
Oedema, thrombophlebitis, mental depression, weight changes, abdominal cramps, anorexia, bloating, nausea, vomiting, cervical secretions, menstrual disorders, cholestatic jaundice, pulmonary embolism, rash
Hydroxyurea 500 mg Capsule
Hydrea
i)Solid tumours ii) Chronic myelocytic leukaemia and myeloproliferative disease iii)Severe psoriasis eg. Extensive plaque psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, pustular psoriasis -as third line therapy.
i)Intermittent therapy : 80 mg/kg orally as a single dose every 3rd day. Continuous therapy : 20 - 30 mg/kg orally as a single dose dly. Concomitant therapy with irradiation : 80 mg/kg orally as a single dose every 3rd day.(administration of hydroxyurea should be started at least 7 days before initiation of irradiation and continued during radiotherapy as well). ii)Continuous therapy (20 - 30 mg/kg orally as a single dose daily, therapy should be interrupted if the white blood cell count drops below 2500/mm3, or the platelet count below 100,000/mm3. iii) 500 mg tds. Initially 25 mg at night, increased if necessary up to 25 mg 3-4 times daily. ADULT and CHILD more than 10 years : 50 - 75 mg; 6 - 10 years: 25 - 50 mg; 1 - 5 years: 12.5 - 25 mg; to be taken daily in divided doses
Hydroxyurea is mutagenic and clastogenic. Correct anaemia prior to initiating hydroxyurea therapy. Exacerbation of postirradiation erythema. Elderly patients, marked renal dysfunction, impairment of fertility.
Myelosupression, GI disturbances, Hyperpigmentation, facial erythema, diffuse maculopapular rash, headache, drowsiness, confusion ,transient renal function abnormalities.
Severe bone marrow depression , pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea products.
Didanosine, stavudine and zidovidine (in HIVinfected patients), fatal and non fatal pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy. Live vaccines, fluorouracil, methotrexate, cytarabine
Hydroxyzine HCl 25 mg Tablet
Atarax
Allergic pruritus
Sleepiness, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, Concomitant administration with central nervous weakness, depression and irritability, dry system depressants, asthma, dose adjustment in Pregnancy, breastfeeding and hypersensitivity mouth, chest tightness, tremor, convulsions, liver disease. Avoid driving and operating reaction hypersensitivity reactions (wheezing, shortness machinery. Lactation, ECG abnormalities, porphyria of breath) Cardiovascular disease, avoid in the elderly, paralytic ileus, myasthenia gravis, epilepsy, prostatic enlargement Geriatric and pediatric patients, pregnancy, breastfeeding, intestinal atony, paralytic ileus and ulcerative colitis, coronary artery diseases, arrhythmias , heart failure, hypertension, xerostomia, hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis, prostatic hypertrophy Geriatric and pediatric patients, pregnancy, breastfeeding, intestinal atony, paralytic ileus and ulcerative colitis, coronary artery diseases, arrhythmias , heart failure, hypertension, xerostomia, hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis, prostatic hypertrophy. Geriatric and pediatric patients, pregnancy, breastfeeding, intestinal atony, paralytic ileus and ulcerative colitis, cardiac disease, coronary artery diseases, arrhythmias , heart failure, hypertension, xerostomia, hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis, prostatic hypertrophy Tachycardia, mydriasis, dry mouth, CNS History of hypersensitivity to hyoscine. depression, urinary urgency, weakness, blurred Porphyria, closed-angle glaucoma, urinary vision, ataxia retention Xerostomia, dyshidrosis, tachycardia, urinary hesistancy and retention, allergic reactions, skin reactions, confusions, excitement, constipation, paralytic ileus Obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract, narrow-angle glaucoma, cardiac tachyarrhythmias, myasthenia gravis, prostatic hypertrophy with urinary retention
Sedating antihistamines may enhance the sedative effects of CNS depressants including alcohol, barbiturates, hypnotics, opioid analgesics, anxiolytic sedatives and antipsychotics. Have an additive antimuscarinic action with other antimuscarinic drugs Sedative effects enhanced by alcohol. Concurrent administration with MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressant, antihistamine, amantadine can potentiate antimuscarinic effect of hyoscine Intensifies anticholinergic effects of tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, quinidine, amantadine and disopyramide. Enhances tachycardic effects of beta-adrenergic agents. Dopamine antagonist eg metoclopramide reduces effects of both drugs on gastrointestinal tract Intensifies anticholinergic effects of tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, quinidine, amantadine and disopyramide. Enhances tachycardic effects of beta-adrenergic agents. Dopamine antagonist eg metoclopramide reduces effects of both drugs on gastrointestinal tract Intensifies anticholinergic effects of tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, quinidine, amantadine and disopyramide. Enhances tachycardic effects of beta-adrenergic agents. Dopamine antagonist eg metoclopramide reduces effects of both drugs on gastrointestinal tract
Hyoscine Hydrobromide 400 mcg/ml Injection
To reduce oral secretions before surgery
200-600 mcg given as SC or IM 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. CHILD: 15 mcg/kg
Hyoscine N-Butylbromide 1 mg/ml Liquid
Buscopan
Gastrointestinal tract and genito-urinary tract spasm, dyskinesia of the biliary system
ADULT and CHILD over 6 years : 10 ml 3 times daily
Hyoscine N-Butylbromide 10 mg Tablet
Buscopan
ADULT 10-20 mg 3-4 times daily. CHILD 6-12 years: 10 mg 3 times daily
Xerostomia, dyshidrosis, tachycardia, urinary hesistancy and retention, allergic reactions, skin reactions, confusions, excitement, constipation, paralytic ileus
Obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract, narrow-angle glaucoma, cardiac tachyarrhythmias, myasthenia gravis, prostatic hypertrophy with urinary retention Obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract, narrow-angle glaucoma, cardiac tachyarrhythmias, myasthenia gravis, prostatic hypertrophy with urinary retention, paraben allergy (multi-dose vial for injection contains parabens)
Hyoscine N-Butylbromide 20 mg/ml Injection
Buscopan
ADULT 20 - 40 mg. Max : 40 mg 6 - 8 hourly. CHILD 0.5 mg/kg/dose
Xerostomia, dyshidrosis, tachycardia, urinary hesistancy and retention, allergic reactions, skin reactions, confusions, excitement, constipation, paralytic ileus, rarely anaphylactoid reactions & anaphylactic shock
Hyperimmune Gamma Globulin Injection
Gamma-16
i) Hypogammaglobulinaemia and other deficiency states ii) Severe refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (platelet less than 20,000) with internal bleeding, particularly central nervous system iii) Septicaemia in immunocompromised patients or patients not responding to antibiotics iv) Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia not responding to conventional therapy
i) 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 5 days, then 25 - 50 mg/kg weekly for maintenance according to the severity of the condition ii) 400 mg/kg daily for 5 days with a further dose of 400 mg/kg as required iii) Pregnancy Septicaemia in immunocompromised patients or patients not responding to antibiotics iv) 250 mg/kg per month
Local reaction at injection site, allergic reaction, Anaphylactic or severe systemic response to headache, malaise, fever, chest tightness, back human Ig. Selective IgA deficiencies who have pain known antibody against IgA
Live virus vaccines
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Self-prescribed use as an ocular lubricant should not exceed 3 days, avoid contamination of the applicator tip through contact, remove viscoelastic solutions form the anterior chamber at the end of the surgical procedure, treat emergent elevations of intraocular pressure Avoid contamination of the applicator tip through contact, self-prescribed use as an ocular lubricant should not exceed 3 days ,treat emergent elevations of intraocular pressure Concurrent therapies with corticosteroids, chemotherapy, radiotherapy; increased risk for osteonecrosis especially in the jaw. Creatinine clearance less than 35 ml/minute, vitamin D and mineral deficiencies to be corrected before initiating therapy Patients with active or severe peptic ulceration, history of bronchial asthma, renal or hepatic disorders, bleeding disorders, CV disease, pregnancy and lactation
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Hypromellose 0.3% Eye Drops
Dacrolux
Tear deficiency, ophthalmic lubricant; for relief of dry eyes and eye irritation
1 - 2 drops several times a day
Increases in intraocular pressure, blurred vision
Hypersensitivity to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Not known
Hypromellose 0.3%, Carbomer 980 Ophthalmic Gel
Genteal Gel
Symptomatic relief of severe dry eye conditions and as lens lubricant during ophthalmic diagnostic procedures
Instill 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) as needed
Blurred vision, raised intraocular pressure, transient, postoperatively, Sticking of eyelids (discharge) Rash, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, indigestion, nausea, arthralgia, back pain, myalgia, headache, bronchitis, dyspepsia, nausea, flulike symptoms Peptic ulceration, GI bleeding, headache, dizziness, nervousness, skin rash, pruritus, tinnitus, oedema depression, drowsiness, insomnia, blurred vision, hypersensitivity, impairment of renal function, dyspepsia, thrombocytopaenia, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, heartburn, jaundice, hepatitis, depression Slightly irritant to skin, if excessive can impair hearing ability Cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, mucositis, alopecia, rash, photosensitivity, hyperpigmentation, vesicant, discolouration of urine, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Hypersensitivity to hypromellose
Not known
Ibandronic Acid 150 mg Tablet
Bonviva
Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis to reduce 150 mg once monthly the risk of fracture
Hypersensitivity to ibandronate or to any of its excipients. Inability to stand or sit upright for 60 Concurrent use with calcium and antacids may minutes. Uncorrected hypocalcaemia, result in reduced alendronate absorption hypocalcaemia, esophageal reactions Coumarin-type anticoagulants, aspirin or NSAIDs, digitalis glycosides, lithium, methotrexate, diuretics, cefoperazone, valproic acid, ciclosporin, gold compound, other nephrotic medications, probenecid. Moclobemide enhances effects of ibuprofen. Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with warfarin. Lost of BP response with ACEI Not known
Ibuprofen 200 mg Tablet
Brufen
ADULT : 200 - 400 mg 3 times daily after food, maximum. 2.4 g daily CHILD : 20-30 mg/kg body weight daily in divided doses
Patients with history of hypersensitivity to aspirin/other NSAIDs, active peptic ulcer, hypersensitivity, lactation, neonates
Ichthammol Glycerin 10% Ear Drops -
Ear wick for otitis externa with oedema
2 - 3 drops 3 - 4 times daily and in ear wick for otitis externa
Not known
Idarubicin 10 mg Injection
Zavedos
i) Acute promyelocytic leukaemia ii) Relapse Acute myeloid leukemia (with sibling match) iii) Acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (salvage therapy)
Idarubicin 5 mg Injection
Zavedos
i) Acute promyelocytic leukaemia ii) Relapse Acute myeloid leukemia (with sibling match) iii) Acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (salvage therapy)
Risk for cardiotoxicity increased in elderly, hypertension, heart disease, previous treatment i) Induction phase: 12 mg/m2 IV slow bolus on Days 3, with anthracyclines, previous chest radiotherapy. 5 and 7. Consolidation phase, month 1: 12 mg/m2 IV Cumulative doses more than 150 mg/m2 are on Days 1 and 2. Repeat monthly for 3 courses ii) 12 associated with decreased left ventricular ejection mg/m2 D1-3 iii) 12 mg/m2 D1-3 as part of FLAG-IDA fraction. Monitor cardiac function. Caution against regimen sun exposure. Avoid extravasation. Anticipate and prevent tumour lysis syndrome. Caution with abnormal liver function tests Risk for cardiotoxicity increased in elderly, hypertension, heart disease, previous treatment i) Induction phase: 12 mg/m2 IV slow bolus on Days 3, with anthracyclines, previous chest radiotherapy. 5 and 7. Consolidation phase, month 1: 12 mg/m2 IV Cumulative doses more than 150 mg/m2 are on Days 1 and 2. Repeat monthly for 3 courses ii) 12 associated with decreased left ventricular ejection mg/m2 D1-3 iii) 12 mg/m2 D1-3 as part of FLAG-IDA fraction. Monitor cardiac function. Caution against regimen sun exposure. Avoid extravasation. Anticipate and prevent tumour lysis syndrome. Caution with abnormal liver function tests i) 1.2 - 2.4 g/m2/day for 3 - 7 days as a 30 - 120 minutes infusion. Alternatively, can also be given as a single high dose, eg. 5 g/m2 in a 24 hour infusion. Cycles may be repeated every 3 - 4 weeks ii) CHILD: 400 - 3000 mg/m2/day for 3 - 5 days according to protocol iii) Refer to protocols Brain metastases, electrolyte imbalance, hepatic and renal impairment. Hydration required. Renal function should be checked prior to administration. Co-administration with mesna, which is a urothelial protective agent is mandatory
Allergy and hypersensitivity to any of its component
Hypersensitivity to idarubicin and other anthracyclines. Pregnancy, lactation, cardiac impairment, renal and hepatic impairment
Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, heparin. Live vaccine, other myelosuppressants, azidamfenicol, chloramphenicol, ciclosporin, trastuzumab
Cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, mucositis, alopecia, rash, photosensitivity, hyperpigmentation, vesicant, discolouration of urine, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Hypersensitivity to idarubicin and other anthracyclines. Pregnancy, lactation, cardiac impairment, renal and hepatic impairment
Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, heparin. Live vaccine, other myelosuppressants, azidamfenicol, chloramphenicol, ciclosporin, trastuzumab
Ifosfamide 1 g Injection
Holoxan
i) Solid tumours ii) Leukaemia iii) Lymphoma
Alopecia, myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, mucositis, transient abnormalities of liver enzymes, acute hepatocellular injury (not common at standard Hypersensitivity to ifosfamide, pregnancy, doses), erythematous rash, pruritis, pigmentary lactation. Severe myelosupression changes, photosensitivity, acute renal failure (high dose), headache, drowsiness, dizziness, encephalopathy/ acute confusion (high dose) Myelosuppression, gastrointestinal disturbances, eczema, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, Hypersensitivity to imatinib or any component of fluid retention, pneumonia, cardiac failure and the product. Avoid pregnancy and lactation hepatic failure, gynaecomastia (due to reduced testosterone), vomiting, nausea Myelosuppression, gastrointestinal disturbances, eczema, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, Hypersensitivity to imatinib or any component of fluid retention, pneumonia, cardiac failure and the product. Avoid pregnancy and lactation hepatic failure, gynaecomastia (due to reduced testosterone), vomiting, nausea
Phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin
Imatinib Mesylate 100 mg Tablet
Glivec
Imatinib Mesylate 400 mg Tablet
Glivec
i) ADULT: Chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: 400 mg once daily. Accelerated phase or blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia: 600 mg once daily. CHILD more than 2 years, chronic myeloid leukemia: 340 mg/m2 daily. Max: 60 mg/day ii) Unresectable and or metastatic, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours GIST: 400 mg/day i) ADULT: Chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: i) ADULT and CHILD: Philadelphia positive (Ph+) 400 mg once daily. Accelerated phase or blast crisis chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase and in chronic myeloid leukemia: 600 mg once daily. CHILD early acceleration after failure of interferon therapy ii) more than 2 years, chronic myeloid leukemia: 340 Treatment of patients with unresectable and or mg/m2 daily. Max: 60 mg/day ii) Unresectable and or metastatic, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours metastatic, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) who are positive for CD117/c-kit GIST: 400 mg/day i) ADULT and CHILD: Philadelphia positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase and in early acceleration after failure of interferon therapy ii) Treatment of patients with unresectable and or metastatic, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) who are positive for CD117/c-kit Based on type or severity of infection, susceptibility of pathogen(s) and patient condition including body weight and renal function. ADULT: 1 - 2 g/day in 3 - 4 divided doses. Maximum: 4 g/day or 50 mg/kg/day. Infusion rate: less than 500 mg dose: over 20 - 30 minutes, more than 500 mg: dose over 40 - 60 minutes. CHILD: 15 - 30 mg/kg/dose, infusion at 6 - 12 hourly intervals depending on age. Maximum: 2 g/day Initially up to 75 mg daily in divided doses increased gradually to 150 - 200 mg (up to 300 mg in hospital patients); up to 150 mg may be given as a single dose at bedtime. ELDERLY initially 10 mg daily; increased gradually to 30 - 50 mg daily; CHILD is not recommended
Hepatic or severe renal impairment. History of cardiac disease. Severe fluid retention may occur. It is recommended that patients be weighed regularly. Regular monitoring of complete blood counts and liver function tests. Children less than 3 year. Pregnancy, lactation (avoid) Hepatic or severe renal impairment. History of cardiac disease. Severe fluid retention may occur. It is recommended that patients be weighed regularly. Regular monitoring of complete blood counts and liver function tests. Children less than 3 year. Pregnancy, lactation (avoid) Hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins and other beta lactams. History of GI disease. Caution in patients with CNS disorders and or compromised renal function in whom accumulation of drug could occur. If CNS symptoms occur, dosage should be decreased or discontinued. Usage during pregnancy, lactation and children less than 3 months or paediatrics patients with impaired renal function Patient with thrombosis, angina, congestive heart failure, urinary retention, glaucoma and agitated patient, seizure, thyroid disease, impaired liver function, lactation
Alfuzosin, aprepitant, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, ketoconazole, levothyroxine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, simvastatin, St John's Wort, warfarin, ciclosporin and paracetamol Alfuzosin, aprepitant, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, ketoconazole, levothyroxine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, simvastatin, St John's Wort, warfarin, ciclosporin and paracetamol
Imipenem 500 mg and Cilastatin 500 Tienam mg Injection
Severe infections caused by susceptible pathogens especially useful in infections involving ESBL organisms. Not to be used for prophylaxis
Thrombophlebitis, pain, erythema & tenderness following injection. Rash, urticaria, pruritus, GI disturbances, pseudomembranous colitis, Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics of the haematological disturbances, increase in liver amide-type and in patients with severe shock or Ganciclovir enzymes, taste perversion. Myoclonic activity, heart block seizures, psychic disturbances, confusional states Anticholinergic, drowsiness, dizziness, tinitus, palpitation and tachycardia, seizure, weight gain, constipation, urinary retention, increased appetite, confusion, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, blood dyscrasias MAOIs use within 14 days, first trimester of pregnancy, hypersensitivity to imipramine products, during acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction, arrhythmias (particularly heart block), not indicated in manic phase, severe liver disease Barbiturates, alcohol, tranquilliser, anticholinergics, class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, beta 2 agonists, carbamazepine, cimetidine, lithium, quinolones, indirect/mixed sympathomimetics, fluoxetine, clonidine, CNS antidepressants
Imipramine HCI 25 mg Tablet
Tofranil
Depression
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Imiquimod 5 % w/w Cream
Aldara
Treatment of external genital and perianal warts or condyloma acuminata in adults
Apply to affected area at bedtime for 3 times a week for up to 16 weeks; leave on skin for 6-10 hours
Indinavir Sulfate 400 mg Capsule
Crixivan
i) Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among healthcare workers in high-risk HIV occupational exposure ii) For therapy as part of combination antiretroviral treatment on adult HIV patients ie Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) Pain and inflammation in rheumatic arthritis
Autoimmune conditions, pre-existing; use with caution, drug treatment to affected area; hold therapy until completely healed, inflammatory conditions of the skin, including chronic graft versus host disease; may be exacerbated by imiquimod, local inflammatory reaction due to imiquimod therapy; if severe local or systemic flu-like signs and symptoms occur, discontinue imiquimod Erythema, erosion, excoriation/flaking, oedema, Hypersensitivity to imiquimod products therapy temporarily until completely healed, induration, scabbing, vesicles sunlight exposure, including sunlamps; use methods to protect skin from sunlight exposure to prevent serious sunburns; if sunburn occurs hold imiquimod therapy until completely healed, surgical treatment to affected area; hold therapy until completely healed, superficial basal cell carcinoma; confirm diagnosis before treatment, avoid contact with eyes Nephrolithiasis, acute haemolytic anaemia, hyperglycaemia, pregnancy, lactation, hyperlipidaemia Asthenia/fatigue, abdominal pain, dry mouth, flatulence, lymphadenopathy Breast feeding, known hypersensitivity to this compound Hypersensitivity, rhinitis, urticaria, asthma, or allergic reactions to aspirin or other antiinflammatory agents, use of suppository contraindicated in patients with recent rectal bleeding or proctitis, pregnancy, lactation
Not known
ADULT: 800 mg every 8 hours. CHILD (investigational): 500 mg/m2 every 8 hours (patients with smaller body surface area (BSA) may require lower doses of 300 - 400 mg/m2 every 8 hours)
Ketoconazole, rifampicin, cisapride, astemizole, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, sildenafil, St. John's Wort Salicylates, anticoagulant drugs, probenecid, methotrexate, ciclosporin, lithium, diuretics, digoxin, beta-blockers, captopril Salicylates, anticoagulant drugs, probenecid, methotrexate, ciclosporin, lithium, digoxin, betablockers, captopril, heparin or thrombolytic agents, aminoglycosides, digitalis glycosides. antihypertensives, diuretics especially triamterene, diflunisal, other salicylates, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotetan, plicamycin, valproic acid, gold compound, other nephrotoxics & zidovudine
Indomethacin 100 mg Suppository
Indocid
100 mg at night.Child not recommended
Suppository may cause tenesmus & irritation of rectal mucosa
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric, constipation, fatigue Gastrointestinal disturbances and bleeding, headache, vertigo, depression, epigastric disease, dizziness, somnolence, depression & fatigue, anxiety, psychic disturbances including psychotic episodes, mental confusion, tinnitus, corneal deposits, retinal disturbances, oedema, weight gain, flushing, sweating, thrombocytopenia, rash, pruritus & urticaria Influenza, herpes infections, serum-sicknesslike reactions, headache, vertigo/dizziness, flushing, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, dyspnoea, sinusitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, rash, pruritus, urticaria, increased sweating, dry skin, fatigue, chest pain, infusionrelated reactions, fever, elevated hepatic transaminases
Indomethacin 25 mg Capsule
Indocid
Infliximab 100 mg Injection
Remicade
i) Rheumatoid arthritis (moderate to severe), in combination with methotrexate ii) Ankylosing spondylitis in patients with active disease despite treatment with methotrexate
Active or previous history of gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding, or perforation. History of renal/liver dysfunction. Hypertension or cardiac conditions aggravated by fluid retention and 50 - 200 mg daily in divided doses, with food. Child not oedema. May aggravate depression/psychiatric recommended. disorders such as epilepsy, mental depression, Parkinsonism. Patients with coagulation defects. Renal impairment. Retinal disturbances. Elderly. Pregnancy and lactation i) Rheumatoid arthritis: ADULT over 18 years old: 3 mg/kg at 0, 2, 6 weeks, then every 8 weeks; May Discontinue use if severe infections develop. Heart increase to 10 mg/kg or increase dosing frequency to failure, history of recurrent infections, demyelinating 4 weekly for patients with incomplete response. disorders, risk of infections, acute suppurative Discontinue if no response by 12 weeks of initial fistula. Patients undergoing surgery. Child and infusion or after dose adjustment ii) Ankylosing elderly. Monitor for signs of infection for 6 month spondylitis: ADULT over 18 years: 5 mg/kg IV over 2 before, during and for 6 month after treatment. hour given at week 0, 2, and 6 then every 6-8 weeks. Monitor hepatic function. Avoid pregnancy/breast Discontinue if no response by 6 weeks of initial feeding for at least 6 months after last treatment infusion
Hypersensitivity, rhinitis, urticaria, asthma or allergic reactions to aspirin or other antiinflammatory agents, proctitis, pregnancy & lactation
Hypersensitivity, severe infections such as tuberculosis, sepsis, abscesses and opportunistic infections, moderate or severe heart failure, pregnancy and lactation
Methotrexate and other immunomodulators, anakinra, vaccines
Influenza Vaccine (Inactivated, trivalent) Injection (containing 3 strains, two type A subtypes, of which one must include pandemic A (H1N1) and one Type B subtype)
Serious acute febrile, bleeding disorders, on CHILD 6-35 months: Single dose of 0.5 ml IM or deep anticoagulant therapy, active neurologic disorder, Prophylaxis of influenza for frontliners (KKM staff and SC; 3-8 years: 1-2 doses of 0.5 ml IM ADULT & patients known to have experienced Guillain-Barr essential services personnel) and in high risk groups CHILD more than 9 years: Single dose of 0.5 ml IM syndrome within 6 to 8 weeks after a previous influenza vaccination
Transient thrombocytopenia, transient lymphadenopathy, allergic reactions, neuralgia, Hypersensitivity to any components of the paraesthesia, febrile convulsions, neurological vaccine, eggs, chicken proteins, neomycin, disorders (such as encephalomyelitis, Guillainformaldehyde and octocinol 9 Barr Syndrome), vasculitis, generalized skin reactions
Immunosuppressive drugs
Insulin Aspart 100 IU/ml Injection
Novorapid
Decreased insulin requirements due to hepatic or renal impairment, malabsorption, diarrhoea, Diabetic Type 1 and 2 in patients that still experienced Dose to be individualised. The average daily insulin nausea/vomiting, hypothyroidism hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia with use of human insulin requirement is between 0.5 to 1.0 units/kg body weight stress due to fever, infection, surgery, trauma, systemic allergic reactions
Transient oedema, local reactions and fat hypertrophy at injection site, hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, generalized hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity to insulin aspart and its components, hypoglycaemia
Oral hypoglycaemic agents, ocreotide, MAOIs, alcohol, lithium, non selective beta blocker, ACE inhibitor, salicylates, anabolic steroids, glucocorticoids, oral contraceptives, sulphonamides, disopyramides, diuretics fibrates, fluoxetine, propoxyphene, thyroid hormone, symphatomimetics, danazol, niacin, isonazide, guanethidine, reserpine, clonidine, phenothiazine Oral hypoglycaemic agents, octreotide, MAOIs, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, salicylates, alcohol, anabolic steroids, sulphonamides, oral contraceptives, thiazides, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, sympathomimetics, danazol ACE inhibitors, aspirin, beta- blockers, fibrates, fluoxetine, fenfluramine, fluoroquinolones, ginseng, MAOIs, oestrogen and progestogens, somatropin, lithium, clonidine, sulphonamide antibiotic, pentoxifylline MAOIs, alcohol, corticosteroid, oral contraceptives, beta-blocker, thyroid hormone, diuretic
Insulin Aspart 30% and Protaminated Novomix Insulin Aspart 70% 100 U/ml Injection
Decreased insulin requirements due to hepatic or renal impairment, malabsorption, diarrhoea, Diabetic type 1 and 2 in patients that still experienced Dose to be individualised. The average daily insulin nausea/vomiting, hypothyroidism, hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia with use of human insulin requirement is between 0.5 to 1.0 units/kg body weight stress due to fever, infection, surgery, trauma, systemic allergic reactions Insulin dose adjustment may be needed with renal or hepatic impairment, illness, stress, emotional disturbances or in elderly patients, may impair ability to drive and operate machinery
Hypoglycaemia, lipodystrophy, cutaneous Hypersensitivity to insulin aspart and its hypersensitivity, injection site reaction , diabetic components, hypoglycaemia ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia
Insulin Glargine 300 IU/3ml Injection Lantus
i) Diabetes mellitus type I in adults and child over 6 years ii) Diabetes mellitus type II in adult
ADULT and CHILD over 6 years: individualised dose given by SC, once daily at the same time every day
Severe hypoglycemic episodes, lipodystrophy, rash, diabetic ketoacidosis, allergic skin reactions
Hypersensitivity, intravenous administration
Insulin Recombinant Neutral Human short-acting 100 IU/ml Injection in Actrapid/Humulin 10ml vial
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, non insulin dependent diabetes unresponsive to treatment to diet Dose to be individualised. The average daily insulin or oral hypoglycaemics. hyperkalaemia to assure requirement is between 0.5-1.0 units/kg body weight proper utilisation of glucose and reduce glucosuria in non diabetic patients receiving parenteral nutrition
Psychic stress, infection, pregnancy
Rare incidence of allergy and lipoatrophy
Hypoglyacemia, insulinoma
Generic Name
Insulin Recombinant Synthetic Human, intermediate-acting 100 IU/ml Injection in 10ml vial
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
MAOIs, alcohol, corticosteroid, oral contraceptives, beta-blocker, thyroid hormone, diuretic
Humilin/Insulatard
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, non insulin dependent diabetes unresponsive to treatment to diet Dose to be individualised. The average daily insulin or oral hypoglycaemics, hyperkalaemia, to assure requirement is between 0.5-1.0 units/kg body weight proper utilisation of glucose and reduce glucosuria in non diabetic patients receiving parenteral nutrition Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, non insulin dependent diabetes unresponsive to treatment to diet Dose to be individualised. The average daily insulin or oral hypoglycaemics, hyperkalaemia to assure requirement is between 0.5-1.0 units/kg body weight proper utilisation of glucose and reduce glucosuria in non diabetic patients receiving parenteral nutrition Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, non insulin dependent diabetes unresponsive to treatment to diet Dose to be individualised. The average daily insulin or oral hypoglycaemics, hyperkalaemia, to assure requirement is between 0.5-1.0 units/kg body weight proper utilisation of glucose and reduce glucosuria in non diabetic patients receiving parenteral nutrition Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, non insulin dependent diabetes unresponsive to treatment to diet Dose to be individualised. The average daily insulin or oral hypoglycaemics, hyperkalaemia to assure requirement is between 0.5-1.0 units/kg body weight proper utilisation of glucose and reduce glucosuria in non diabetic patients receiving parenteral nutrition Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, non insulin dependent diabetes unresponsive to treatment to diet Dose to be individualised. The average daily insulin or oral hypoglycaemics, hyperkalaemia to assure requirement is between 0.5-1.0 units/kg body weight proper utilisation of glucose and reduce glucosuria in non diabetic patients receiving parenteral nutrition i) 2 MIU SC or IM 3 times a week ii) Patient more than 18 years: 3 - 9 MIU 3 - 5 times a week or daily depending on response iii) Patient more than 18 years. Initially escalating dose to 18-36 MIU SC/IM for 10-12 weeks. Maintenance: up to 36 MIU 3 times weekly iv) 2.5-5 MIU/m2 SC 3 times weekly for 4-6 month. CHILD: up to 10 MIU/m2 BSA v) 3 MIU for 12 months vi) As an adjunct to cytotoxic chemotherapy: An escalating dose of 3 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 9 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 18 million IU 3 times/week thereafter for 3-12 month SC or IM i) 2 MIU SC or IM 3 times a week ii) Patient more than 18 years: 3 - 9 MIU 3 - 5 times a week or daily depending on response iii) Patient more than 18 years. Initially escalating dose to 18-36 MIU SC/IM for 10-12 weeks. Maintenance: up to 36 MIU 3 times weekly iv) 2.5-5 MIU/m2 SC 3 times weekly for 4-6 month. CHILD: up to 10 MIU/m2 BSA v) 3 MIU for 12 months vi) As an adjunct to cytotoxic chemotherapy: An escalating dose of 3 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 9 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 18 million IU 3 times/week thereafter for 3-12 month SC or IM i) 2 MIU SC or IM 3 times a week ii) Patient more than 18 years: 3 - 9 MIU 3 - 5 times a week or daily depending on response iii) Patient more than 18 years. Initially escalating dose to 18-36 MIU SC/IM for 10-12 weeks. Maintenance: up to 36 MIU 3 times weekly iv) 2.5-5 MIU/m2 SC 3 times weekly for 4-6 month. CHILD: up to 10 MIU/m2 BSA v) 3 MIU for 12 months vi) As an adjunct to cytotoxic chemotherapy: An escalating dose of 3 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 9 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 18 million IU 3 times/week thereafter for 3-12 month SC or IM i) 2 MIU SC or IM 3 times a week ii) Patient more than 18 years: 3 - 9 MIU 3 - 5 times a week or daily depending on response iii) Patient more than 18 years. Initially escalating dose to 18-36 MIU SC/IM for 10-12 weeks. Maintenance: up to 36 MIU 3 times weekly iv) 2.5-5 MIU/m2 SC 3 times weekly for 4-6 month. CHILD: up to 10 MIU/m2 BSA v) 3 MIU for 12 months vi) As an adjunct to cytotoxic chemotherapy: An escalating dose of 3 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 9 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 18 million IU 3 times/week thereafter for 3-12 month SC or IM
Insulin Recombinant Synthetic Human, intermediate-acting 100 IU/ml Penfill and Refill
Insulatard
Insulin Recombinant Synthetic Human, pre-mixed 100 IU/ml Injection in 10ml vial
Mixtard
MAOIs, alcohol, corticosteroid, oral contraceptives, beta- blocker, thyroid hormone, diuretic
Insulin Recombinant Synthetic Human, pre-mixed 100 IU/ml Penfill and Refill
Mixtard
MAOIs, alcohol, corticosteroid, oral contraceptives, beta- blocker, thyroid hormone, diuretic
Insulin Recombinant Synthetic Human, short-acting 100 IU/ml Penfill Actrapid and Refill
Interferon Alfa-2b 18 MIU Multidose Injection Pen
Intron-A
For the treatment of i) Hairy cell leukaemia ii) Chronic myelogenous leukaemia iii) AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma iv) Chronic hepatitis B v) Chronic hepatitis C vi) Advanced renal cell carcinoma
Pregnancy, lactation, cardiovascular disease, patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment, cardiac and coagulation disorders, depression or psychiatric disorders, epilepsy or other central nervous system diseases, pulmonary and autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, myelosuppression, poorly controlled thyroid function. May affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. Monitor blood counts, hepatic and renal function Pregnancy, lactation, cardiovascular disease, patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment, cardiac and coagulation disorders, depression or psychiatric disorders, epilepsy or other central nervous system diseases, pulmonary and autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, myelosuppression, poorly controlled thyroid function. May affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. Monitor blood counts, hepatic and renal function Pregnancy, lactation, severe myelosuppression. Cardiac disease, renal and hepatic impairment, history of seizures, central nervous system disorders, myelosuppressive disorders, depression or psychosis, poorly controlled thyroid dysfunction, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, psoriasis. Monitor blood counts and serum chemistry in patients at high risk of myelosuppression. Monitor hepatic, renal and cardiac function. Maintain adequate hydration. Driving or operating machinery may be impaired Pregnancy, lactation, severe myelosuppression. Cardiac disease, renal and hepatic impairment, history of seizures, central nervous system disorders, myelosuppressive disorders, depression or psychosis, poorly controlled thyroid dysfunction, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, psoriasis. Monitor blood counts and serum chemistry in patients at high risk of myelosuppression. Monitor hepatic, renal and cardiac function. Maintain adequate hydration. Driving or operating machinery may be impaired
Nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, lethargy, ocular side effects, bone marrow depression and other central nervous system effects, anorexia, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmias, rash, alopecia, diarrhoea, diaphoresis, change in taste. SC: Injection site pain. Nasal: Mucosal irritation and damage
Decompensated hepatic disease, immunosuppressed transplant
Inhibit metabolism of theophylline, ACE inhibitors, colchicine, warfarin
Interferon Alfa-2b 30 MIU Multidose Injection Pen
Intron-A
For the treatment of i) Hairy cell leukaemia ii) Chronic myelogenous leukaemia iii) AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma iv) Chronic hepatitis B v) Chronic hepatitis C vi) Advanced renal cell carcinoma
Nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, lethargy, ocular side effects, bone marrow depression and other central nervous system effects, anorexia, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmias, rash, alopecia, diarrhoea, diaphoresis, change in taste. SC: Injection site pain. Nasal: Mucosal irritation and damage
Decompensated hepatic disease, immunosuppressed transplant
Inhibit metabolism of theophylline, ACE inhibitors, colchicine, warfarin
Interferon Alpha - 2a 3 MIU Injection Roferon-A
For the treatment of i) Hairy cell leukaemia ii) Chronic myelogenous leukaemia iii) AIDS related Kaposi's Sarcoma iv) Chronic hepatitis B v) Chronic hepatitis C vi) Advanced renal cell carcinoma
Nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, lethargy, ocular side effects, bone marrow depression and other central nervous system effects, anorexia, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmias, rash, alopecia, diarrhoea, diaphoresis, change in taste, thyroid dysfunction. SC: Inj site pain. Nasal: Mucosal irritation and damage
Decompensated hepatic disease, immunosuppressed transplant. Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy and lactation. Autoimmune Inhibit metabolism of theophylline, ACE diseases, visceral AIDS-related Kaposi's inhibitors, colchicine, warfarin sarcoma associated with rapidly progressing or life-threatening disease
Interferon Alpha - 2a 4.5 MIU Injection
Roferon-A
For the treatment of i) Hairy cell leukaemia ii) Chronic myelogenous leukaemia iii) AIDS related Kaposi's Sarcoma iv) Chronic hepatitis B v) Chronic hepatitis C vi) Advanced renal cell carcinoma
Nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, lethargy, ocular side effects, bone marrow depression and other central nervous system effects, anorexia, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmias, rash, alopecia, diarrhoea, diaphoresis, change in taste, thyroid dysfunction. SC: Inj site pain. Nasal: Mucosal irritation and damage
Decompensated hepatic disease, immunosuppressed transplant. Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy and lactation. Autoimmune Inhibit metabolism of theophylline, ACE diseases, visceral AIDS-related Kaposi's inhibitors, colchicine, warfarin sarcoma associated with rapidly progressing or life-threatening disease
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Pregnancy, lactation, severe myelosuppression, cardiovascular disease, patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment, cardiac and coagulation disorders, depression or psychiatric disorders, epilepsy or other central system diseases, pulmonary and autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, poorly controlled thyroid function. May affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. Monitor blood counts, hepatic and renal function
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Interferon Alpha 2b 3 MIU Injection
Intron-A
Interferon beta -1b 250mcg (8MIU) Injection
Betaferon
i) 2 MIU SC or IM 3 times a week ii) Patient more than 18 years: 3 - 9 MIU 3 - 5 times a week or daily depending on response iii) Patient more than 18 years. Initially escalating dose to 18-36 MIU SC/IM for For the treatment of i) Hairy cell leukaemia ii) Chronic 10-12 weeks. Maintenance: up to 36 MIU 3 times myelogenous leukaemia iii) AIDS related Kaposi's weekly iv) 2.5-5 MIU/m2 SC 3 times weekly for 4-6 Sarcoma iv) Chronic Hepatitis B v) Chronic Hepatitis C month. CHILD: up to 10 MIU/m2 BSA v) 3 MIU for 12 vi) Advanced renal cell carcinoma months vi) As an adjunct to cytotoxic chemotherapy: An escalating dose of 3 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 9 million IU 3 times/week for 1 week, then 18 million IU 3 times/week thereafter for 3-12 month SC or IM i)Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): Reduction of frequency and degree of severity of clinical relapses in ambulatory patients characterized by at least two attacks of neurological dysfunction over the preceding two year period, followed by 0.25 mg (8 MIU) by SC injection every other day complete or incomplete recovery ii)Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS):Reduction of frequency and severity of clinical relapses and for slowing the progression of disease
Nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, lethargy, ocular side effects, bone marrow depression and other central nervous system effects, anorexia, arrhythmias, rash, alopecia, diarrhoea, diaphoresis, change in taste, thyroid dysfunction. SC: Injection site pain. Nasal: Mucosal irritation and damage
Decompensated hepatic disease, immunosuppressed transplant, hypersensitivity. Pregnancy and lactation. Autoimmune Inhibit metabolism of theophylline diseases, visceral AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma associated with rapidly progressing or life-threatening disease
History of seizures, depression, pre-existing heart disorders, bone marrow disorder, anaemia or a low platelet level. Fever or infection. Renal insufficiency. Discontinue therapy until healing from multiple lesions has taken place. Monoclonal gammopathy Angina, chronic heart failure or arrhythmia, severe renal and hepatic failure, severe myelosuppression, depression. Monitor serum ALT levels at baseline, month 1, 3 and 6 of therapy and periodically thereafter in the absence of clinical symptoms. Monitor full blood count (FBC) with differential and platelet count. Preexisting seizure disorders. Thyroid function testing is recommended at baseline and if abnormal, 6-12 monthly following initiation of therapy Angina, chronic heart failure or arrhythmia, severe renal and hepatic failure, severe myelosuppression, depression. Monitor serum ALT levels at baseline, month 1, 3 and 6 of therapy and periodically thereafter in the absence of clinical symptoms. Monitor full blood count (FBC) with differential and platelet count. Preexisting seizure disorders. Thyroid function testing is recommended at baseline and if abnormal, 6-12 monthly following initiation of therapy
Injection site reactions, flu-like symptoms (decreases over time). Menstrual disorders, CNS effects, muscle stiffness, haematological changes, occasional nausea and vomiting. Rarely, alopecia, serious hypersensitivity reactions, cardiomyopathy, thyroid gland dysfunction
Pregnancy, lactation. Children less than 18 year. History of severe depressive illness and or Immune-modulating drugs, other drugs suicidal thoughts, liver failure or inadequately metabolised by cytochrome P450 system treated epilepsy
Interferon Beta-1a 22 mcg
Rebif
Multiple sclerosis of the relapsing remitting type with 2 22 mcg 3 times weekly or more relapses within the last 2 years
Irritation at injection site. Headache, fatigue, fever, pain, chills, depression, dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, urinary tract infection, leucopenia
Hypersensitivity, severe renal and liver failure, children less than 6 years, pregnancy, lactation, psychiatric disorders, severe depressive ACE inhibitors, warfarin, zidovudine, disorders and or suicidal ideation. Epileptic antiepileptics, antidepressant patients with a history of seizures not adequately controlled by treatment
Interferon Beta-1a 44 mcg
Rebif
Multiple sclerosis of the relapsing remitting type with 2 44 mcg 3 times weekly or more relapses within the last 2 years
Irritation at injection site. Headache, fatigue, fever, pain, chills, depression, dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, urinary tract infection, leucopenia
Hypersensitivity, severe renal and liver failure, children less than 6 years, pregnancy, lactation, psychiatric disorders, severe depressive ACE inhibitors, warfarin, zidovudine, disorders and or suicidal ideation. Epileptic antiepileptics, antidepressant patients with a history of seizures not adequately controlled by treatment
Iodamide Injection
Isteropac
For hysterosalpingography
Multiple myeloma, known or suspected pheochromocytoma should use the lowest possible dose; blood pressure should be monitored throughout the procedure, severely debilitated and marked hypertension, severe concomitant hepatic According to the procedure and route of administration and renal disease or anuria, dehydration, sickle cell disease, hypersensitivity iodine products, possibility of thrombosis or other complications due to the mechanical trauma of the procedure hyperthyroidism or with an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule
Warm sensation, hypertension, hypotension, nausea, vomiting,taste changes, bradycardia, chest pain, tachycardia, venospasm, syncope, shock, thrombophlebitis, dyspnea, agitation, confusion, and cyanosis progressing to unconsciousness may occur, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrythmia, pruritus, urticaria, pallor, rash, fever, facial or conjunctival petechiae, hematomas, red blood cell clumping and agglutination, crenation, Hypersensitivity to iodamide products neutropenia, muscle-cramps, allergic-like reaction, which may range in severity from rhinitis or angioneurotic edema to laryngeal or bronchial spasm, and rarely anaphylactoid shock, headache, fatigue, malaise, tremors, anxiety, numbness of head and neck, convulsions, lacrimation, proteinuria, temporary renal shutdown, coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, laryngeal or pulmonary oedema, shortness of breath and asthmatic reaction Hypersensitivity reactions, headache, lacrimation Nausea, vomiting, skin rash and pruritus depending on type of examination, cortical blindness, heat sensation, abdominal, discomfort, hypersensitivity reaction, arrhythmias, hypertension, ischemia, vasovagal reactions, chest pain, injection site pain, altered or bad taste, paresthesias, nephrotoxicity Breast feeding
Metformin
Iodine and Potassium Iodide Solution Lugol's Solution
i) Pre-operative treatment of thyrotoxicosis ii) Thyrotoxicosis crisis X-ray contrast medium for cardioangiography, cerebral angiography, peripheral arteriography, abdominal angiography, uroloraphy, venography, CT enhancement, lumbar, thoracic and cervical myelography
i) 1 ml daily in divided doses ii) 2 - 3 ml daily
Should not be used for long term treatment. Pregnancy, lactation, children Hypersensitivity to other iodinated contrast media, history of allergies or allergic reactions to other medications, renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure, history of thromboembolic disorders, multiple myeloma, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, patients should be wellhydrated prior to iodixanol administration to minimize adverse renal effects
Concomitant use with lithium may result in hypothyroidism and decrease the effects of oral anticoagulants Metformin; injection of iodinated contrast materials in metformin-treated patients has been associated with lactic acidosis and can lead to acute renal failure. False-positive results for protein in urine when measured with Multistix(R)
Iodixanol 320 mg I/ml Injection
Visipaque
Depending on type of examination
Manifest thyrotoxicosis, hypersensitivity, intrathecal administration may cause death,concurrent use of metformin is contraindicated in patients receiving intravascular iodinated contrast media
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Patients should be well hydrated prior to and following iohexol administration, previous reaction to a contrast medium, sensitivity to iodine, asthma, hay fever, food allergy. Meticulous angiographic techniques are recommended, including close attention to guidewire and catheter manipulation, use of manifold systems and/or 3-way stopcocks, frequent catheter flushing with heparinized solutions, and minimizing the length of the procedure, severe hepatic impairment, renal impairment, dehydration - correct fluid and electrolyte balance before administration; multiple myeloma, cardiac disease, hypertension, phaeochromocytoma, sickle-cell disease, hyperthyroidism, elderly and debilitated or children, pregnancy, lactation Asthma, history of allergy, severe hepatic and renal impairment, dehydrated patient, severe hypertension, advanced cardiac disease, phaeochromocytoma, sickle-cell disease, hyperthyroidism, very old and very young patient, multiple myeloma or other paraproteinemia, homozygous sickle cell disease, known sensitivity to iodine Patients should be well hydrated prior to and following iopromide administration, previous reaction to a contrast medium, sensitivity to iodine, asthma, hay fever, food allergy. Caution in patients with renal dysfunction, combined renal and hepatic disease, combined renal and cardiac disease, dehydration, diabetes mellitus, sickle-cell disease, severe thyrotoxicosis, myelomatosis or anuria, allergic reactions, cardiovascular disease especially congestive heart failure, extravasation, hyperthyroidism, elderly patients, multiple myeloma, pheochromocytoma Not known
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Iohexol Injection
Omnipaque
X-ray contrast medium for use in adults and children for cardioangiography, arteriography, urography, phlebography and CT-enhancement. Lumbar, thoracic, cervical myelography and computed tomography of the basal cisterns, following Dose depending on the route and procedure subarachnoid injection. Arthrography, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP), herniography, hysterosalpingography, sialography and studies of the gastrointestinal tract
Nausea, vomiting, thromboembolism, injection site pain, headache, altered taste, general feeling of warmth, flushing, weakness, dizziness, coughing, rhinitis, sweating, sneezing, lacrimation, visual disturbances, pruritus, salivary gland enlargement, pallor, cardiac disorders, haemodynamic disturbances Manifest thyrotoxicosis. History of serious Locetamic acid, iopanoic acid, ipodate, and hypotension, nephrotoxicity. Rarely, reaction to iohexol and hypersensitivity to iodine- metformin, tyropanoate sodium, interleukin-2, convulsions, paralysis, coma, rigors, containing compounds amiodarone arrhythmias, pulmonary oedema, circulatory failure and cardiac arrest; occasionally anaphylactoid or hypersensitivity reactions, hyperthyroidism; pain on injection; extravasation may result in tissue damage, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, venospasm and embolism Pulmonary hypertension, cerebral venous thrombosis, coagulation abnormalities, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, neurological sequelae to lumbar myelography, myocardial infarction, stroke, ventricular arrhythmias, bradycardia and transient ischemic attacks, hives, skin rash, urticaria, pruritus, severe thrombocytopenia, deep venous thrombosis, dizziness, neurobahavioral reactions, headache
Iopamidol Injection
Iopamiro
i) Neuroradiology : myeloradiculography, cisternography and ventriculography ii) Angiograph : cerebral arteriography, thoracic aortography, abdominal aortography, angiocardiography, selective visceral arteriography, peripheral arteriography, venography, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), DSA of cerebral arteries, DSA of peripheral arteries, DSA of abdominal arteries iii) Urography : intravenous urography iv) Contrast enhancement in CT Scanning, arthrography, fistulography
For angiography and cardiac cases- dose depending on the route and procedure. For selected vascular examination - bottles of 30 ml and 100 ml; dose depending on the route and procedure
There are no definite or absolute contraindications, with the possible exception of Metformin Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia, multiple myeloma and severe liver and kidney diseases
Iopromide 300mg/50ml Injection
Ultravist
i) For angiography, urography, aortography and the visualization of body cavities ii) Contrast enhancement Dose depending on the route and procedure during computerized tomography iii) To check functioning of a dialysis shunt
Vasodilation, chest pain, hypertension, injection site pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, urinary urgency, back pain, cardiac arrest and rarely hypotension or shock, injection site pain, urticaria, angiodema, metallic taste, dizziness, blurred vision, nephrotoxicity
Hypersensitivity to iopromide, iodine, or any component of the formulation; intrathecal use. In paediatrics : additional contraindication of prolonged fasting and laxative use prior to administration of iopromide
Interleukins, metformin
Ipecacuanha Pro Infant Mixture
Ipecac
As paediatric expectorant Only for treatment of : i) Patients with ischaemic heart disease who develop extrasystole with salbutamol or terbutaline ii) Patients with chronic bronchitis who have airway obstruction and who do not respond to salbutamol or terbutaline. Reversible airways obstruction, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Only for treatment of : i) Patients with ischaemic heart disease who develop extrasystole with salbutamol or terbutaline ii) Patients with chronic bronchitis who have airway obstruction and who do not respond to salbutamol or terbutaline. Reversible airways obstruction, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CHILD up to 1 year : 5 ml, 1 - 5 years : 10 ml
Large doses is irritant to whole gastrointestinal and can lead to vomiting and diarrhoea Headache, nausea, dry mouth, rare and reversible anticholinergic side effects, ocular side effects if substances enters eyes, cough
Avoid in shock, convulsion and cardiovascular disease
Not known Bronchodilatory effect intensified by betaadrenergic and xanthine preparation. Anticholinergic effects of other drugs may be enhanced. Cisapride - loss of cisapride efficacy
Ipratropium Bromide 0.0125% Inhalation Solution (125 mcg/ml)
Atrovent
ADULT : 500 mcg up to 4 times daily. CHILD 5 - 12 years : 125 - 250 mcg up to 4 times daily, 12 years : 250 - 500 mcg up to 4 times daily
Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, cystic fibrosis, bladder-neck obstruction
Hypersensitivity to ipratropium products, atropine, soya lecithin or related food products
Ipratropium Bromide 0.025% Inhalation Solution (250 mcg/ml)
Atrovent
ADULT : 500 mcg up to 4 times daily. CHILD 5 - 12 years : 125 - 250 mcg up to 4 times daily, 12 years : 250 - 500 mcg up to 4 times daily
Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, cystic fibrosis, bladder-neck obstruction
Headache, nausea, dry mouth, rare and reversible anticholinergic side effects, ocular side effects if substances enters eyes, cough
Hypersensitivity to ipratropium products, atropine, soya lecithin or related food products
Bronchodilatory effect intensified by betaadrenergic and xanthine preparation. Anticholinergic effects of other drugs may be enhanced. Cisapride - loss of cisapride efficacy
Ipratropium Bromide 0.5 mg and Salbutamol 2.5 mg per UDV
Combivent
Ipratropium Bromide 20 mcg and Fenoterol 50 mcg/dose Inhalation
Berodual
Ipratropium Bromide 20 mcg and Salbutamol base 100 mcg/dose Inhalation
Combivent
Patients predisposed to glaucoma, insufficiently controlled diabetes mellitus, recent myocardial infarction, severe organic heart or vascular Acute attacks : 1 unit dose vial. In severe cases not disorders, hyperthyroidism, phaechromocytoma, Management of reversible bronchospasm associated relieved by 1 unit dose vial, 2 unit dose vials may risk of narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic with obstructive airway diseases require, patient should consult a doctor immediately. hypertrophy or bladder-neck obstruction, hypoxia, Maintenance : 1 unit dose vial 3 - 4 times daily cystic fibrosis, pregnancy and lactation, uriticaria, angioedema, rash, broncospasm, oropharyngeal oedema Insufficiently controlled Diabetes Mellitus, recent ADULT & CHILD more than 6 years; Acute asthma 2 Myocardial Infarction, severe organic heart or Management of symptoms in chronic obstructive puffs. Severe cases: if breathing has not noticeably vascular disorders, hyperthyroidism, airway disorders with reversible bronchospasm such improved after 5 mins, 2 further puffs may be taken. phaeochromocytoma, prostatic hypertrophy, as bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis with or Intermittent and long-term treatment 1-2 puffs for each bladder-neck obstruction, cystic fibrosis, without emphysema administration, up to max 8 puffs/day (average: 1-2 predisposition to narrow-angle glaucoma. puffs three times daily) Pregnancy, lactation Patients predisposed to glaucoma, insufficiently controlled diabetes mellitus, recent myocardial infarction, severe organic heart or vascular ADULT and ELDERLY : 2 inhalations 4 times daily. disorders, hyperthyroidism, phaechromocytoma, Management of reversible bronchospasm associated Maximum : 12 inhalations daily. CHILD under 12 years risk of narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic with obstructive airway diseases not recommended hypertrophy or bladder-neck obstruction, hypoxia, cystic fibrosis, pregnancy and lactation, urticaria, angioedema, rash, broncospasm, oropharyngeal oedema
Headache, dizziness, nervousness, tachycardia, fine tremor, palpitations. Potentially Hypersensitivity to atropine or its derivatives or serious hypokalaemia may result from beta2to any other component. Hypertrophic agonist therapy, dryness of mouth, dysphonia, obstructive cardiomyopathy or tachyarrythmia ocular complications, allergic type reactions
Xanthine derivatives, other anticholinergics, beta2-agonists, beta-blockers, tricyclic anti depressants, MAOIs, glucocorticoids increased risk of tachycardia, agitation, hypomania, hypokalaemia
Fine tremor of skeletal muscles, nervousness, dry mouth, headache, dizziness, tachycardia Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and palpitations, hypokalaemia, cough, nausea, tachyarrhythmias. Hypersensitivity to atropinevomiting, sweating, weakness, myalgia/muscle like substances & sympathomimetic amines cramps
Other beta-adrenergics and anticholinergics, xanthine derivatives, steroids, diuretics, digoxin, MAOI, tricyclic antidepressants, halogenated hydrocarbon anaesthesia
Headache, dizziness, nervousness, tachycardia, fine tremor, palpitations. Potentially Hypersensitivity to atropine or its derivatives or serious hypokalaemia may result from beta2to any other component. Hypertrophic agonist therapy, dryness of mouth, dysphonia, obstructive cardiomyopathy or tachyarrythmia ocular complications, allergic type reactions
Xanthine derivatives, other anticholinergics, beta2-agonists, beta-blockers, tricyclic anti depressants, MAOIs, glucocorticoids : increased risk of tachycardia, agitation, hypomania, hypokalaemia
Generic Name
Ipratropium Bromide 20 mcg/dose Inhalation
Trade Name
Indications
Only for treatment of : i) Patients with chronic bronchitis who have airway obstruction and who do not respond to Salbutamol or Terbutaline ii) Patients with ischaemic heart disease who develop extrasystole with Salbutamol or Terbutaline
Dosage Form
20 - 40 mcg 3 - 4 times daily. In the early treatment, up to 80 mcg 3 - 4 times daily. CHILD up to 6 years : 20 mcg 3 times daily, 6 - 12 years : 20 - 40 mcg 3 times daily
Precautions
Narrow - angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, cystic fibrosis
Adverse Reaction
Headache, nausea, dry mouth, rare and reversible anticholinergic side effects, ocular side effects if substances enters eyes, cough Symptomatic hypotension including dizziness, hyperkalaemia, angioedema, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, flushing, tachycardia, cough, sexual dysfunction, rash, urticaria, headache, myalgia, athralgia, tinnitus, taste disturbances, hepatitis and renal dysfunction Diarrhoea, dyspepsia or heart burn, fatigue, headache, upper respiratory tract infection, angioedema of the face, lips or throat Symptomatic hypotension including dizziness, hyperkalaemia, angioedema, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain,diarrhoea, dyspepsia, flushing, tachycardia, cough, sexual dysfunction, rash, urticaria, headache, myalgia, athralgia, tinnitus, taste disturbances, hepatitis and renal dysfunction Diarrhoea, dyspepsia or heart burn, fatigue, headache, upper respiratory tract infection, angioedema of the face, lips or throat
Contraindications
Interactions
Bronchodilatory effect intensified by betaadrenergic and xanthine preparation. Anticholinergic effects of other drugs may be enhanced. Cisapride - loss of cisapride efficacy
Atrovent
Hypersensitivity to atropine and its derivatives
Irbesartan 150 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Tablet
Co-approvel
Hypertension in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors because of cough
1 tablet daily
Caution in aortic or mitral valve stenosis, obstructive hyperthrophic cardiomyopathy, renal artery stenosis. Monitoring of plasma potassium concentration is advised, particularly in elderly and patients with renal impairment Angioedema (present or past), lactation period, excessive hypotension, hepatic or renal impairment, hyperkalaemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, stenosis, aortic or mitral valve stenosis, surgery or anaesthesia Caution in aortic or mitral valve stenosis, obstructive hyperthrophic cardiomyopathy, renal artery stenosis. Monitoring of plasma potassium concentration is advised, particularly in elderly and patients with renal impairment
Lithium, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, central nervous system Pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters), lactation, depressants, antidiabetic drugs, severe hepatic and renal impairment, refractory cholestyramine, corticosteroids, ACTH, digitalis hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia, biliary cirrhosis glycosides, NSAIDs, non-depolarising muscle and cholestatis relaxants, antigout medications and calcium salts Hypersensitivity, pregnancy Potassium supplements, potassium sparing diuretics, lithium, NSAIDs
Irbesartan 150 mg Tablet
Aprovel
Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy (in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors because of cough)
150 mg to 300 mg daily
Irbesartan 300 mg & Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Tablet
CoAprovel
1 tablet daily
Lithium, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, central nervous system Pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters), lactation, depressants, antidiabetic drugs, severe hepatic and renal impairment, refractory cholestyramine, corticosteroids, ACTH, digitalis hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia, biliary cirrhosis glycosides, NSAIDs, non-depolarising muscle and cholestatis relaxants, antigout medications and calcium salts Potassium supplements, potassium sparing diuretics, lithium, NSAIDs
Irbesartan 300 mg Tablet
Aprovel
Irinotecan HCl Trihydrate 100 mg/5ml Campto Injection
Irinotecan HCl Trihydrate 40 mg/2 ml Campto Injection
Angioedema (present or past), lactation period, excessive hypotension, hepatic or renal impairment, hyperkalaemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, stenosis, aortic or mitral valve stenosis, surgery or anaesthesia Diarrhoea (early or late) must be treated Only for patients with colorectal cancer who: i) have adequately with delay of subsequent cycle until In combination therapy (for previously untreated relapsed within 6 months after the end of adjuvant recovery. Antiemetic premedication is patients): 180 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks as an IV chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil-based regime ii) recommended. Avoid extravasation. Caution with infusion over 90 mins followed by infusion with folinic have progressive disease despite 5-fluorouracil myelosuppression. Patients over 65 years old, acid and 5-fluorouracil. In monotherapy (for previously chemotherapy for advanced disease iii) good patients who have previously received pelvic / treated patients): 350 mg/m2 administered as an performance status (WHO of 2 or less) The treatment abdominal radiation and with poor performance intravenous infusion over 90 minutes period once must be given in a tertiary oncology centre or have status have increased risk of bone marrow every 3 weeks clearance in writing by an oncologist suppression and diarrhoea, neutopenia: may lead to sepsis and death Diarrhoea (early or late) must be treated Only for patients with colorectal cancer who: i) have adequately with delay of subsequent cycle until In combination therapy (for previously untreated relapsed within 6 months after the end of adjuvant recovery. Antiemetic premedication is patients): 180 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks as an IV chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil-based regime ii) recommended. Avoid extravasation. Caution with infusion over 90 mins followed by infusion with folinic have progressive disease despite 5-fluorouracil myelosuppression. Patients over 65 years old, acid and 5-fluorouracil. In monotherapy (for previously chemotherapy for advanced disease iii) good patients who have previously received pelvic / treated patients): 350 mg/m2 administered as an performance status (WHO of 2 or less) The treatment abdominal radiation and with poor performance intravenous infusion over 90 minutes period once must be given in a tertiary oncology centre or have status have increased risk of bone marrow every 3 weeks clearance in writing by an oncologist suppression and diarrhoea, neutopenia: may lead to sepsis and death Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy (in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors because of cough) 150 mg to 300 mg daily An initial test dose of 0.5 ml should be given over the desired route. For severe iron deficiency anaemia, 1-2 ml daily given by deep IM. Dosage is individualized according to total iron deficit Anaphylaxis has occurred with parenteral iron dextran. Patients with history of allergic disorders, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory disorders such as lupus erythematosus
Hypersensitivity, pregnancy
Myelosuppression, diarrhoea (early or late), nausea, vomiting, alopecia, dyspnoea, weakness, hypotension, acute renal failure, colitis
Hypersensitivity to irinotecan, pregnancy and lactation, inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction, plasma bilirubin concentration 1.5 times the upper limit of reference range
Increased risk of infection by the live vaccine, diuretics increase risks of dehydration secondary to vomiting/diarrhea, prophylactic dexamethasone as an antiemetic may enhance lymphocytopenia, prochlorperazine may increase incidence of akathisia, antineoplastic agents (myelosuppression and diarrhoea)
Myelosuppression, diarrhoea (early or late), nausea, vomiting, alopecia, dyspnoea, weakness, hypotension, acute renal failure, colitis
Hypersensitivity to irinotecan, pregnancy and lactation, inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction, plasma bilirubin concentration 1.5 times the upper limit of reference range
Increased risk of infection by the live vaccine, diuretics increase risks of dehydration secondary to vomiting/diarrhea, prophylactic dexamethasone as an antiemetic may enhance lymphocytopenia, prochlorperazine may increase incidence of akathisia, antineoplastic agents (myelosuppression and diarrhoea)
Iron Dextran 50 mg Fe/ml Injection
Severe iron deficiency anaemia
Anaphylactic reactions, chest pain, hypertension, urticaria, pruritus, rash, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, leucocytosis, arthralgias, arthritis, convulsions, seizures, headache, respiratory arrest, dyspnoea, haematuria Anaphylactoid reactions, metallic taste, headache, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, diarrhoea, leg cramp, loss of consciousness, seizure, dyspnoea
Iron Sucrose 100 mg/5 ml Injection
Venofer
Dialysis patients on erythropoietin therapy, second and third trimester pregnancy and post partum anaemia patients with iron deficiency: i) who are not responsive to oral iron therapy ii) who may be at risk of allergic reactions to iron dextran injection
Individualised dosage. ADULT and ELDERLY: Cumulative dose is to be administered in single doses Avoid fast infusion as can cause hypotension, of 100 - 200 mg of iron 2 - 3 times weekly depending cardiovascular collapse. Do not administer on Hb level. By IV drip infusion, slow IV injection or concomitant with oral iron preparations directly into the venous limb of the dialyser i) Induction- Initiate at a concentration of 0.5 % ii) Maintenance- 1 - 2.5 % in oxygen or nitrous oxide mixture. 0.5 - 0.75 % with oxygen and nitrous oxide for Caesarian section Uterine curettage, raised intracranial pressure, cardiac, respiratory, renal or hepatic impairment. Elderly or obese patients. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Avoid alcohol. Concomitant use with adrenaline or other sympathomimetics. Pregnancy and lactation Increased risk of hepatitis in severe renal dysfunction, chronic liver disease, daily users of alcohol, increased risk of fatal hepatitis in females Increased risk of hepatitis in severe renal dysfunction, chronic liver disease, daily users of alcohol, increased risk of fatal hepatitis in females
Haemachromatosis, haemosiderosis, haemolytic anaemia and all anaemias other than iron deficiency anaemia, hypersensitivity to product or any of its components and parenteral preparation is not for subcutaneous administration Anaemia not due to iron deficiency, iron overload or disturbances in utilisation of iron, history of asthma, eczema or atopy, history of cirrhosis or hepatitis, serum transaminases 3 times the upper limit, acute or chronic infection, chronic alcoholism
Mycophenolate mofetil, decreased mycophenolate mofetil efficacy. Chloramphenicol, decreased iron effectiveness
Doxycycline, levodopa, methyldopa, mycophenolate mofetil, ofloxacin, omeprazole, penicillamine, tetracycline, zinc
Isoflurane Liquid
Forane
i) Induction and ii) Maintenance of anaesthesia
Cardio-respiratory depression, hepatic injury, hepatotoxicity, jaundice, malignant Hypersensitivity to isoflurane, halogenated hyperthermia, gastrointestinal upset, ileus, post- agents. Genetic susceptibility to malignant operation shivering. Hypotension, arrhythmias, hyperthermia. Porphyria transient rise in cerebrospinal fluid pressure Peripheral neuropathy and hepatotoxicity, psychiatric sign or symptom, agranulocytosis, anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus, seizure Peripheral neuropathy and hepatotoxicity, psychiatric sign or symptom, agranulocytosis, anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus, seizure
Isoniazid 100 mg Tablet
i) Tuberculosis ii)Tuberculous meningitis
i) ADULT and CHILD 5 mg/kg (4-6 mg/kg) daily,maximum 300 mg daily) or 10 mg/kg 3 times weekly ii) 15 - 20 mg/kg daily i) ADULT and CHILD 5 mg/kg (4-6 mg/kg) daily,maximum 300 mg daily) or 10 mg/kg 3 times weekly ii) 15 - 20 mg/kg daily
Isoniazid 400 mg Tablet
i) Tuberculosis ii)Tuberculous meningitis
Potentiates action of nondepolarising muscle relaxants. Enhance effects of neuromuscular blockers, central nervous system depressants. Enhanced hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), MAOIs, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, betablockers Inhibits metabolism of antiepileptics (carbamazepine, ethosuximide and phenytoin) Acute liver disease, hypersensitivity to isoniazid and diazepam, reduced plasma concentration of ketoconazole and increased theophylline plasma concentration Inhibits metabolism of antiepileptics (carbamazepine, ethosuximide and phenytoin) Acute liver disease, hypersensitivity to isoniazid and diazepam, reduced plasma concentration of ketoconazole and increased theophylline plasma concentration
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
If given as IM: Initially 0.2 mg (1 ml of 1:5000 solution), followed by 0.02-1 mg depending on clinical response. If given as SC: 0.2 mg (1 ml of 1:5000 solution), followed by 0.15-0.2 mg depending on clinical response. If given as IV : 1-2 mg in 500 ml of dextrose 5%, infused at a rate of 0.5-2 ml/min while the patient's EKG is being monitored. The dose should be titrated to produce the desired clinical response If given as IM: Initially 0.2 mg (1 ml of 1:5000 solution), followed by 0.02-1 mg depending on clinical response. If given as SC: 0.2 mg (1 ml of 1:5000 solution), followed by 0.15-0.2 mg depending on clinical response. If given as IV : 1-2 mg in 500 ml of dextrose 5%, infused at a rate of 0.5-2 ml/min while the patient's EKG is being monitored. The dose should be titrated to produce the desired clinical response
Precautions
CV disorders;toxic symptoms in patients with CV disorders may occur. Doses sufficient to increase the heart rate more than 130bpm may induce ventricular arrhythmias. Use with caution in patients with coronary artery disease, coronary insufficiency, diabetes, or hyperthyroidism, and in patients sensitive to sympathomimetic amines. Elderly, labor & delivery, cardiogenic shock,hypovolemia, refractory asthmatic children,elderly, children, pregnancy CV disorders;toxic symptoms in patients with CV disorders may occur. Doses sufficient to increase the heart rate more than 130 bpm may induce ventricular arrhythmias. Use with caution in patients with coronary artery disease, coronary insufficiency, diabetes, or hyperthyroidism, and in patients sensitive to sympathomimetic amines. Elderly, labor and delivery, cardiogenic shock,hypovolemia, refractory asthmatic children,elderly, children, pregnancy Acute myocardial infarction,cerebral hemorrhage,congestive heart failure, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy, hypotension,methemoglobinemia, recent head trauma, severe anemia, volume depletion Acute myocardial infarction,cerebral hemorrhage,congestive heart failure, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism,hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy, hypotension,methemoglobinemia, recent head trauma, severe anemia, volume depletion Acute myocardial infarction,cerebral hemorrhage,congestive heart failure, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism,hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy, hypotension,methemoglobinemia, recent head trauma, severe anemia, volume depletion Acute myocardial infarction,cerebral hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy, hypotension,methemoglobinemia, recent head trauma, severe anemia, volume depletion Acute myocardial infarction,cerebral hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, hypertrophic, cardiomyopathy, hypotension,methemoglobinemia, recent head trauma, severe anemia, volume depletion
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Isoprenaline HCl 0.2 mg/ml Injection Isuprel
Complete heart block (third-degree artrioventricular block) not responding to atropine, while waiting for cardiac pacing
Nervousness, dizziness, headache, tachycardia, palpitations, angina, AdamsStokes attacks, pulmonary eodema, hypertension, hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias, flushing and sweating
Angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia associated with tachycardia, Digitalis-induced tachycardia Isoprenaline with adrenaline may produce or heart block. Hypersensitivity to isoproterenol arrhythmias or other product ingredients and ventricular arrhythmia requiring inotropic therapy
Isoprenaline HCl 1 mg/5 ml Injection Isuprel
Complete heart block (third-degree artrioventricular block) not responding to atropine, while waiting for cardiac pacing
Nervousness, dizziness, headache, tachycardia, palpitations, angina, AdamsStokes attacks, pulmonary eodema, hypertension, hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias, flushing and sweating
Angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia associated with tachycardia, digitalis-induced tachycardia Isoprenaline with adrenaline may produce or heart block. Hypersensitivity to isoproterenol arrhythmias or other product ingredients and ventricular arrhythmia requiring inotropic therapy
Isosorbide Dinitrate 1 mg/ml Injection Isoket
Treatment for angina pectoris and left ventricular failure
2-10 mg/hour IV infusion after dilution, higher doses up to 20 mg/hour may be required
GI disturbances, headache, hypotension, tachycardia
Hypersensitivity to organic nitrates, anaemia, symptomatic hypotension
Hypotensive effects may be enhanced by alcohol, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive, sildenafil and tricyclic antidepressant Hypotensive effects may be enhanced by alcohol, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive, sildenafil, tricyclic antidepressant Hypotensive effects may be enhanced by alcohol, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive, sildenafil and tricyclic antidepressant Hypotensive effects may be enhanced by alcohol, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive, sildenafil and tricyclic antidepressant Hypotensive effects may be enhanced by alcohol, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive, sildenafil and tricyclic antidepressant Concurrent use with vitamin A intensifies symptoms of hypervitaminosis A. Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline may result in pseudotumour cerebri. Ethanol - a disulfiramlike reaction. Food - Increases its bioavailability
Isosorbide Dinitrate 10 mg Tablet
Isordil
Prophylaxis and treatment for: i) Angina ii) Left ventricular failure
i) 30 - 120 mg daily in divided doses ii) 40 - 160 mg, up to 240 mg if required; in acute episodes: 5 - 10 mg by sublingually
Isosorbide Mononitrate 50 mg SR Capsule
Elantan
Prophylaxis and treatment of angina pectoris
50 mg daily
Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate 30 mg SR Tablet
Imdur
30-120 mg daily
Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate 60 mg SR Tablet
Imdur
30-120 mg daily
Isotretinoin 10 mg Capsule
Roaccutane
Only for treatment of i) Severe nodulo-cystic acne ii) Acne conglobata iii) Acne fulminans iv) Severe acne vulgaris failing conventional treatment WARNING: THIS DRUG IS TERATOGENIC
Initially: 0.5 mg/kg body weight daily (in one to or two divided doses) with food once. Maintenance: 0.1 - 1 mg/kg daily body weight
Isotretinoin 20 mg Capsule
Roaccutane
Only for treatment of i) Severe nodulo-cystic acne ii) Acne conglobata iii) Acne fulminans iv) Severe acne vulgaris failing conventional treatment WARNING: THIS DRUG IS TERATOGENIC
Initially: 0.5 mg/kg body weight daily (in one to or two divided doses) with food once. Maintenance: 0.1 - 1 mg/kg daily body weight
Itopride HCl 50 mg Tablet
Ganaton
Treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms of functional, non-ulcer dyspepsia (chronic gastritis) i.e sensation of 50 mg 3 times daily before meal bloating, early satiety, upper abdominal pain or discomfort, anorexia, heartburn, nausea and vomiting i) 200 mg daily in 2 intakes, or in 1 intake, for 1 week. If no response after 1 week, continue treatment for another week ii) 100 - 200 mg twice daily for 2 weeks. If no response after 2 weeks, continue treatment for another 2 weeks. The 400 mg daily dose should not be used for more than 14 days i) 200 mg once daily for 7 days ii) 100 mg daily for 15 days iii) 200 mg twice daily for 7 days iv) 200 mg twice daly for 1 week/month v) 200 mg twice daily for 1 week/month for 3 months vi) 200 mg morning and evening for 1 day or 200 mg once daily for 3 days
Dry mucosa, dermatitis facialis, pruritus, sweating. Occasionally, reversible alopecia, muscle and joint pain. Rarely, inflammatory bowel disease, hyperuricaemia, benign intracranial hypertension, visual disturbances and photosensitivity reactions. Haematuria or proteinuria, hirsutism, pancreatitis, lymphadenopathy Dry mucosa, dermatitis facialis, pruritus, sweating. Occasionally, reversible alopecia, Diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, disturbances of lipid muscle and joint pain. Rarely, inflammatory metabolism and childbearing potential, bowel disease, hyperuricaemia, benign hepatotoxicity, inflammatory bowel disease, nursing intracranial hypertension, visual disturbances mothers, visual problems, corneal opacities and photosensitivity reactions. Haematuria or proteinuria, hirsutism, pancreatitis, lymphadenopathy Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anaphylactic Enhances the action of acetylcholine and may reaction, dizziness, headache, tremor, produce cholinergic side effects. Pregnancy and gastrointestinal disturbance, jaundice, rash, lactation, elderly, renal and hepatic impairement, redness, itching, acute dystonic reaction, mental depression abdominal pain Diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, disturbances of lipid metabolism and childbearing potential, hepatotoxicity, inflammatory bowel disease, nursing mothers, visual problems, corneal opacities Lactation, history of liver or renal disease, children, decreased gastric acidity. Patients with risk factors for congestive heart failure such as ischaemic and valvular cardiac disease Rash, hypokalemia, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, neutropenic disorder, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis
Pregnancy and lactation. Hepatic or renal insufficiency. Hypervitaminosis A. Patients with excessively elevated blood lipid values. Concomitant tetramycin therapy. Hypersensitivity to isotretinoin products or paraben Pregnancy and lactation. Hepatic or renal insufficiency. Hypervitaminosis A. Patients with excessively elevated blood lipid values. Concomitant tetramycin therapy. Hypersensitivity to isotretinoin products or paraben
Concurrent use with vitamin A intensifies symptoms of hypervitaminosis A. Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline may result in pseudotumour cerebri. Ethanol - a disulfiramlike reaction. Food - Increases its bioavailability
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage, mechanical obstruction or perforation
Reduced effect with anticholinergic drugs
Itraconazole 10 mg/ml Oral Solution
Sporanox
Treatment of: i) oral and/or oesophageal candidiasis ii) fluconazole resistant and/or oesophageal candidiasis
Pregnancy, hypersensitivity to itraconazole
Rifampicin& phenytoin reduce oral bioavailability of itraconazole. Inhibits metabolism of warfarin, digoxin, terfenadine, cyclosporin A, astemizole, cisapride, oral midazolam Rifampicin& phenytoin reduce oral bioavailability of itraconazole. Inhibits metabolism of warfarin, digoxin, terfenadine, cyclosporin A, astemizole, cisapride, oral midazolam
Itraconazole 100 mg Capsule
Sporanox
i) Dermatomycosis including pityriasis versicolor ii) Oral candidiasis iii) Palmar tinea manus and plantar tinea pedis iv) Fingernail onychomycosis v) Toenail onychomycosis vi) Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Lactation, history of liver or renal disease, children, decreased gastric acidity. Patients with risk factors for congestive heart failure such as ischaemic and valvular cardiac disease
Rash, hypokalemia, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, neutropenic disorder, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis
Pregnancy, hypersensitivity to itraconazole
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Mild heart failure including asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation or other arrythmias, second degree AV-block, CHF, stroke, retinitis pigmentosa, galactose intolerance, hypotension, congenital QT syndrome, moderate hepatic insufficiency, severe renal insufficiency, elderly Mild heart failure including asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation or other arrythmias, second degree AV-block, CHF, stroke, retinitis pigmentosa, galactose intolerance, hypotension, congenital QT syndrome, moderate hepatic insufficiency, severe renal insufficiency, elderly Renal impairment, elderly, poor oral or parenteral nutrition. Pregnancy and lactation
Adverse Reaction
Luminous phenomena (phosphenes), blurred vision, bradycardia, first degree AV block, ventricular extrasystoles, muscle cramps, eosinophilia, dyspnoea, palpitation, hyperuricaemia, raised plasma-creatinine concentration
Contraindications
Resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute prior to treatment, cardiogenic shock, acute myocardial infarction, severe hypotension (less than 90/50 mmHg), severe hepatic insufficiency, sick sinus syndrome, sino-atrial block, severe heart failure, pacemaker-dependent, unstable angina, AV-block of third degree, combination with strong cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors, pregnancy & lactation Resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute prior to treatment, cardiogenic shock, acute myocardial infarction, severe hypotension (less than 90/50 mmHg), severe hepatic insufficiency, sick sinus syndrome, sino-atrial block, severe heart failure, pacemaker-dependent, unstable angina, AV-block of third degree, combination with strong cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors, pregnancy & lactation Hypersensitivity to other aminoglycosides
Interactions
Ivabradine 5 mg Tablet
Coralan
Initial dose 5 mg twice daily. May increase dose after Symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina 3-4 weeks to 7.5 mg twice daily depending on pectoris in patients with normal sinus rhythm, who response. ELDERLY, initial dose 2.5 mg twice daily have a contraindication or intolerance to beta blockers and titrate to a maximum of 7.5 mg twice daily
QT-prolonging drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg azole antifungals, macrolides, HIV protease inhibitors, nefazodone, diltiazem & verapamil) & inducers (eg rifampicin, barbiturates, phenytoin, St. John's wort), grapefruit juice
Ivabradine 7.5 mg Tablet
Coralan
Initial dose 5 mg twice daily. May increase dose after Symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina 3-4 weeks to 7.5 mg twice daily depending on pectoris in patients with normal sinus rhythm, who response. ELDERLY, initial dose 2.5 mg twice daily have a contraindication or intolerance to beta blockers and titrate to a maximum of 7.5 mg twice daily
Luminous phenomena (phosphenes), blurred vision, bradycardia, first degree AV block, ventricular extrasystoles, muscle cramps, eosinophilia, dyspnoea, palpitation, hyperuricaemia, raised plasma-creatinine concentration
QT-prolonging drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg azole antifungals, macrolides, HIV protease inhibitors, nefazodone, diltiazem & verapamil) & inducers (eg rifampicin, barbiturates, phenytoin, St. John's wort), grapefruit juice Use with blood substitute or diuretics aggravates ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Respiratory depression with anaesthetics or muscle relaxants
Kanamycin 1 g Injection
i) Treatment of gonorrhoea and neonatal meningitis ii) Treatment of TB patients who require reserved second line drugs but have no pre-existing renal complications
i) ADULT: 1 - 2 g daily IM in 1 - 2 equally divided doses. CHILD: 30 - 50 mg/kg/day in 1 - 2 divided doses ii) ADULT: 2 g daily IM in 2 equally divided doses twice a week or 1 g once daily 3 days a week
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity. Rarely, shock, vitamin K& vitamin B deficiency Cardiovascular stimulation, increased arterial pressure, tachycardia, emergence phenomena (hallucination and other transient psychotic squelae, vivid dreams), muscle hyperactivity. Irrational behaviour. Increased muscle tone sometimes resembling seizures. Temporary hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias. respiratory depression, apnoea, laryngospasm, diplopia, nystagmus; nausea, vomiting, lachrymation; hypersalivation; raised intraocular and cerebrospinal fluid pressure; skin irritation and pain at injection site Cardiovascular stimulation, increased arterial pressure, tachycardia, emergence phenomena (hallucination and other transient psychotic squelae, vivid dreams), muscle hyperactivity. Irrational behaviour. Increased muscle tone sometimes resembling seizures. Temporary hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias. respiratory depression, apnoea, laryngospasm, diplopia, nystagmus; nausea, vomiting, lachrymation; hypersalivation; raised intraocular and cerebrospinal fluid pressure; skin irritation and pain at injection site Local irritation, pruritus, alopecia and photosensitivity
Ketamine 10 mg/ml Injection
Ketalar
Sole anaesthetic for short procedures or induction of anaesthesia in certain types of patients (e.g in shock states)
IV - onset 30 sec : 2 mg/kg body weight or IM - onset 3 - 4 min : 10 mg/kg body weight
Those prone to hallucinations, severe coronary heart disease, eclampsia/pre-eclampsia, history of convulsive or psychiatric disorders, raised intracranial or intraocular pressure. Glaucoma, elderly, alcoholics, epilepsy
Hypersensitivity to ketamine products, conditions where hypertension is hazardous. History of cardiovascular accident; severe angina, myocardial infarction, raised ocular and intracranial pressure, psychiatric disorders
Atracurium, metrizamide, theophylline, tramadol, tubocurarine, barbiturates, opioid. Inhalational anaesthetics and cerebral depressants may prolong effect of ketamine and delay recovery. Prolonged recovery with concomitant use of barbiturates and/or opioids. Sustained hypertension with thyroid hormones
Ketamine 50 mg/ml Injection
Ketalar
Sole anaesthetic for short procedures or induction of anaesthesia in certain types of patients (e.g in shock states)
IV - onset 30 sec : 2 mg/kg body weight or IM - onset 3 - 4 min : 10 mg/kg body weight
Those prone to hallucinations, severe coronary heart disease, eclampsia/pre-eclampsia, history of convulsive or psychiatric disorders, raised intracranial or intraocular pressure. Glaucoma, elderly, alcoholics, epilepsy
Hypersensitivity to ketamine products, conditions where hypertension is hazardous. History of cardiovascular accident; severe angina, myocardial infarction, raised ocular and intracranial pressure, psychiatric disorders
Atracurium, metrizamide, theophylline, tramadol, tubocurarine, barbiturates, opioid. Inhalational anaesthetics and cerebral depressants may prolong effect of ketamine and delay recovery. Prolonged recovery with concomitant use of barbiturates and/or opioids. Sustained hypertension with thyroid hormones
Ketoconazole 2% Shampoo
Nizoral
Resistant dandruff only
Apply twice weekly for 2 - 4 weeks. Prophylaxis: Once After prolonged treatment with topical every 1 - 2 weeks corticosteroids
Known hypersensitivity to ketoconazole products
Ketoconazole 200 mg Tablet
Nizoral
i) 200 mg with meal once daily for 10 days ii) 200 i) Pityriasis versicolor ii) Systemic mycosis (other skin 400 mg daily for 4 weeks - 6 months iii) 200 - 400 mg mycoses) iii) Nail infections daily for 6 - 12 months. Maximum 400 mg daily
GI disturbances; pruritus; elevated liver function Adrenal insufficiency or borderline adrenal function, Liver disease, recovery phase of hepatitis, tests. Rarely, acute allergic reactions, hepatitis, prolonged periods of stress, pregnancy & lactation known hypersensitivity gynaecomastia, photophobia, alopecia Active peptic ulceration, history of recurrent peptic ulcer or chronic dyspepsia, asthma, alergy provoked by aspirin or NSAIDs. Treatment of peri-operative pain in setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery hypersensitivity to ketoprofen Avoid in patient with exudative dermatoses, eczema, sores, infected skin. Do not apply to the mucous membranes or eyes
Ketoprofen 100 mg/2ml Injection
Orudis
To be used only in treatment of acute inflammatory conditions
Ketoprofen 2.5% Gel
Orudis
As a short term treatment for traumatic lesions, sprains, tendinitis, oedema, bruises
Ketoprofen 200 mg Slow Release Capsule
Oruvail
Ketoprofen 30 mg Transdermal Plaster Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.5% Eye drops
Ketotop
Treatment of signs & symptoms of arthritis deformans, periarthritis humero-scapularis, tendinitis, Apply 1 plaster to the affected area twice daily peritendinitis, sore muscle, swelling, pain resulting from trauma (eg. contusion, distorsion, sprain). i) Ocular itching due to allergic conjunctivitis ii) Prophylaxis and reduction of inflammation and associated symptoms following ocular surgery
Renal impairment. Increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial infarction and stroke; risk may increase with By deep IM into gluteal muscle, 50-100 mg every 4 duration of use and in patients at risk for hours. Maximum 200 mg in 24 hours for up to 3 days. cardiovascular disease. Increased risk of serious Child not recommended gastrointestinal adverse events (bleeding, ulceration, perforation of stomach or intestines) that can occur at any time and without warning, higher risk in elderly or debilitated patients Avoid in children less than 5 years. If skin rash Apply twice daily. Maximum 20 g daily occurs after gel application, treatment should be stopped Renal impairment. Increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial infarction and stroke, risk may increase with duration of use and in patients at risk for 100-200 mg daily with food. Child not recommended cardiovascular disease increased risk of serious gastrointestinal adverse events (bleeding, ulceration, perforation of stomach or intestines) that can occur at any time and without warning; higher risk in elderly or debilitated patients Avoid in children less than 5 years. If skin rash occurs after application, treatment should be stopped. Pregnancy Bleeding tendencies, ocular surgery, dry eye syndrome, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis. Avoid contact lens use
Concurrent use with ethanol may result in a disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, vomiting, increased respiratory rate, tachycardia) Antacids, H2 receptor antagonist, antimuscarinic agents, alcohol, warfarin, prednisolone, quinidine, cyclosporin, phenytoin, rifampicin, oral contraceptives
Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, drowsiness, oedema, rashes, insomnia, constipation, flatulence
NSAIDs, methotrexate, highly protein bound drugs
Pruritus and localised erythema
Not known
Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, drowsiness, oedema, rashes, insomnia, constipation, flatulence
Active peptic ulceration, history of recurrent peptic ulcer or chronic dyspepsia. Patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria or allergictype reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs, methotrexate, highly protein bound nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. drugs Treatment of peri-operative pain in setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery hypersensitivity to ketoprofen Avoid in patient with exudative dermatoses, eczema sores & infected skin. Do not apply to the mucous membranes or eyes. Not known Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, aspirin, NSAIDs : may increase ocular bleeding risk postoperation. Intraocular cholinergic agent : may decrease cholinergic agent efficacy
Pruritus and localised erythema.
Acular
i) 1 drop 4 times daily ii) 1 drop 4 times daily starting 24 hours post-operation, continue for 2 weeks
Hpersensitivity to its component, aspirin, Transient burning sensation in the eye, corneal NSAIDs or phenylacetic acid derivatives. edema, eye irritation Pregnancy third trimester
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Hystory of peptic ulcer or coagulation disorders, hypersensitivity to ketorolac, NSAIDs, aspirin, oxpentifylline, probenecid, lithium or other prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. Gastrointestinal bleeding, suspected or confirmed cerebrovascular (intracranial) bleeding, history of haemorrhagic diatheses, including coagulation disorders. Individuals with complete or partial syndrome of nasal polyps, angioedema or bronchospasm. Dehydration or hypovolaemia from any cause. Moderate or severe renal impairment (serum creatinine more than 180 mmol/L). History of asthma. Patients who have had operations with a high risk of haemorrhage or incomplete haemostasis. Patients on anticoagulants including low dose heparin. Pregnancy, labour, delivery or lactation. Children less than 16 year Hypersensitivity to labetalol products, bradycardia, asthma/obstructive airway disease, cardiogenic shock, heart block overt cardiac failure Hypersensitivity to labetalol products, bradycardia, asthma/obstructive airway disease, cardiogenic shock, heart block overt cardiac failure Hypersensitivity to labetalol products, bradycardia, asthma/obstructive airway disease, cardiogenic shock, heart block overt cardiac failure
Interactions
Ketorolac Tromethamine 30 mg/ml Injection
Toradol
Short term management of moderate to severe postoperative pain
ADULT : By IM/IV injection.(over not less than 15 seconds.) Initially 15 mg 4 - 6 hourly. MAXIMUM: 90 mg daily
Bronchospasm, dyspnoea, gastrointestinal disturbances and ulceration, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, hallucinations, Active hepatitis and cholestasis, conditions headache, insomnia, myalgia, sweating, predisposing to GI toxicity, conditions predisposing tinnitus, vertigo, urinary tract and kidney to or exacerbated by fluid retention, cardiac or disorders, bradycardia, flushing, hypertension, hepatic impairment, elderly. History of GIT disease, pallor, purpura, thrombocytopenia, asthma, Coagulation disorders dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema, skin reactions, hypersensitivity reactions, bleeding, asthenia, injection site pain, weight gain
ACEIs : decreased antihypertensive and natriuretic effects. Aspirin, NSAIDs : enhanced gastrointestinal adverse effects (peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and or perforation) and possible increase in serum ketorolac levels. Beta-adrenergic block
Labetalol HCl 100 mg Tablet
Trandate
Hypertension (including in pregnancy)
Anaesthesia/surgery, including when used in cases ADULT: 100 mg (50 mg in elderly) daily with food, to control bleeding (myocardial depression). Avoid increased at intervals of 14 days to usual dose of 200 abrupt withdrawal; gradual withdrawal over a period Hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting mg twice daily, up to 800 mg twice daily (3 - 4 divided of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Bronchospastic doses if higher dose). Max: 2.4 g daily disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus ADULT: Bolus injection 50 mg IV for at least 1 min. Max: 200 mg. IV infusion, dilute 2 amps to 200ml with sodium chloride and dextrose injection or 5% dextrose IV infusion, Hypertension of pregnancy; 20mg per hour doubled every 30 min to max 160 mg per hour ADULT: 100 mg (50 mg in elderly) daily with food, increased at intervals of 14 days to usual dose of 200 mg twice daily, up to 800 mg twice daily (3 - 4 divided doses if higher dose). Max: 2.4 g daily Anaesthesia/surgery, including when used in cases to control bleeding (myocardial depression). Avoid abrupt withdrawal; gradual withdrawal over a period Hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus Avoid abrupt withdrawal; gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus
Labetalol HCl 100 mg/20 ml Injection Trandate
Hypertension crisis
Labetalol HCl 200 mg Tablet
Trandate
Hypertension (including in pregnancy)
Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, cimetidine, clonidine, digoxin, dihydropyridine, calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, enflurane, epinephrine, flunarizine, halothane, hypoglycemic agents, imipramine, isoflurane, lidoflazine, methyldopa, verapamil Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, bepridil, cimetidine, clonidine, digoxin, dihydropyridine, calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, enflurane, epinephrine, flunarizine, halothane, hypoglycemic agents, imipramine, isoflurane, lidoflazine, methyldopa, verapamil Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, cimetidine, clonidine, digoxin, dihydropyridine, calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, enflurane, epinephrine, flunarizine, halothane, hypoglycemic agents, imipramine, isoflurane, lidoflazine methyldopa, verapamil Response may be altered by anti-infective agents
Lactulose 3.35 g/5 ml Liquid
Duphalac
i) Constipation ii) Hepatic encephalopathy
i) ADULT 15 ml twice daily adjusted to patient's need. CHILD 0.5 ml/kg/dose once or twice daily ii) 30-50 ml Diabetics, patients with lactose intolerance, 3-4 times daily, dose adjusted to produce 2-3 soft pregnancy, lactation stools daily. CHILD 1 ml/kg/dose 3-4 times daily
Flatulence, cramps and abdominal discomfort
Galactosaemia, intestinal obstruction
Lamivudine 10 mg/ml Oral Solution
3TC
Lamivudine 100 mg Tablet
Zeffix
Lamivudine 150 mg Tablet
3TC
Lamotrigine 100 mg Tablet
Lamictal
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, cough, headache, fatigue, insomnia, malaise, ADULT: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily. Moderate to severe renal impairment, advanced fever, rash, alopecia, muscle disorders, HIV infection in combination with other antiretroviral INFANT under 1 month: 2 mg/kg twice daily. CHILD 1 cirrhotic liver disease, pregnancy, lactation, chronic peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, agents month or over: 4 mg/kg twice daily. Maximum 300 mg hepatitis B or C, hepatic disease neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and daily red-cell aplasia, lactic acidosis, raised liver enzymes and serum amylase, hepatomegaly Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, cough; headache, fatigue, insomnia, malaise, Management of chronic hepatitis B infection Moderate to severe renal impairment, advanced fever, rash, alopecia, muscle disorders, ADOLESCENTS more than 16 years and ADULTS: associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral cirrhotic liver disease, pregnancy, lactation, chronic peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, 100 mg/dose once daily replication and active liver inflammation hepatitis B or C, hepatic disease neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and red-cell aplasia, lactic acidosis, raised liver enzymes and serum amylase, hepatomegaly Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, cough; headache, fatigue, insomnia, malaise, ADULT: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily. Moderate to severe renal impairment, advanced fever, rash, alopecia, muscle disorders, HIV infection in combination with other antiretroviral INFANT under 1 month: 2 mg/kg twice daily. CHILD 1 cirrhotic liver disease, pregnancy, lactation, chronic peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, agents month or over: 4 mg/kg twice daily. Maximum 300 mg hepatitis B or C, hepatic disease neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and daily red-cell aplasia, lactic acidosis, raised liver enzymes and serum amylase, hepatomegaly Concomitant use of other antiepileptics, discontinue therapy at the first sign of rash, renal, hepatic or Dizziness, fatigue, headache, hypersensitivity cardiac impairment, pregnancy, lactation. Closely reactions, rashes, malaise, leukopenia, monitor and consider withdrawal if hypersensitivity thrombocytopenia, photosensitivity, blurred i) Adjunctive or monotherapy for partial seizures and syndrome develops. Avoid abrupt withdrawal vision, conjunctivitis, drowsiness, insomnia, generalised tonic-clonic seizures not satisfactorily (reduce dosage stepwise over a period of 2 week) ataxia, nausea. Irritability, drowsiness, controlled with other antiepileptic drugs ii) Prevention i) Up to 200 mg daily in single or divided dosage ii) 25unless serious skin reaction occurs. Significant insomnia, tremor, nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia, of mood episodes in adult 18 years and above with 200 mg daily hepatic or renal impairment. Monitor and adjust blurred vision, gastrointestinal disturbances, bipolar disorder, predominately by preventing dose if necessary in women who are starting or arthralgia, pain including back pain. Rarely, depressive episodes stopping hormonal contraceptives during Lamictal severe skin reactions including Stevenstherapy. Close supervision of patients at high risk of Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal suicide in bipolar disorder. Potential of an increase necrolysis in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours
Hypersensitivity to lamivudine, abnormally low neutrophil counts or abnormally low haemoglobin levels
Trimethoprim, interferon alfa, ribavirin, sulfamethoxazole, zalcitabine
Metabolism is increased by carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone, decreased by valproate. Central nervous system events occur with carbamazepine. Hypersensitivity to lamotrigine products, hepatic Rifampicin, ethinyloestradiol/levonorgestrel impairment combination enhances the metabolism of lamotrigine. Sodium valproate reduces the metabolism of lamotrigine. Possible interference with folate metabolism during long-term therapy
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Concomitant use of other antiepileptics, discontinue therapy at the first sign of rash, renal, hepatic or cardiac impairment, pregnancy, lactation. Closely monitor and consider withdrawal if hypersensitivity syndrome develops, avoid abrupt withdrawal (reduce dosage stepwise over a period of 2 week) unless serious skin reaction occurs. Significant hepatic or renal impairment. Monitor and adjust dose if necessary in women who are starting or stopping hormonal contraceptives during lamictal therapy. Close supervision of patients at high risk of suicide in bipolar disorder. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Concomitant use of other antiepileptics, discontinue therapy at the first sign of rash, renal, hepatic or cardiac impairment, pregnancy, lactation. Closely monitor and consider withdrawal if hypersensitivity syndrome develops, avoid abrupt withdrawal (reduce dosage stepwise over a period of 2 week) unless serious skin reaction occurs. Significant hepatic or renal impairment. Monitor and adjust dose if necessary in women who are starting or stopping hormonal contraceptives during lamictal therapy. Close supervision of patients at high risk of suicide in bipolar disorder. Potential for an increase risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Lamotrigine 25 mg Dispersible/Chewable Tablet
Lamictal Dispersible Add-on therapy in intractable partial seizures
25 mg daily - 50 mg twice daily
Fatigue, headache, hypersensitivity reactions, rashes, malaise, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, photosensitivity, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, nausea, irritability, drowsiness, insomnia, dizziness, tremor, nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia, Hypersensitivity to lamotrigine products, hepatic blurred vision, gastrointestinal disturbances, impairment arthralgia, pain including back pain. Rarely, severe skin reactions including StevensJohnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Central nervous system events occur with carbamazepine. Phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, rifampicin, ethinyloestradiol/levonorgestrel combination enhance the metabolism of lamotrigine. Sodium valproate reduces the metabolism of lamotrigine. Possible interference with folate metabolism during long-term therapy
Lamotrigine 5 mg Dispersible/Chewable Tablet
a) Add-on therapy in patients not taking Valproate: week 1 and 2: 2 mg/kg/day twice daily, week 3 and 4: 5 mg/kg/day twice daily. Maintenance: 5 - 15 mg/kg/day twice daily b) Add-on therapy in patients Lamictal Dispersible Management of seizures in children aged 2 - 12 years taking Valproate or other anti-epileptic drugs, week 1 and 2: 0.2 mg/kg/day as a single dose (children less than 25 kg may take 5 mg on alternate days), week 3 and 4: 0.5 mg/kg/day as a single dose. Maintenance dose: 1 -5 mg/kg/day once daily or twice daily
Fatigue, headache, hypersensitivity reactions, rashes, malaise, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, photosensitivity, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, nausea, irritability, drowsiness, insomnia, dizziness, tremor, nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia, Hypersensitivity to lamotrigine products, hepatic blurred vision, gastrointestinal disturbances, impairment arthralgia, pain including back pain. Rarely, severe skin reactions including StevensJohnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Central nervous system events occur with carbamazepine. Phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, rifampicin, ethinyloestradiol/levonorgestrel combination enhance the metabolism of lamotrigine. Sodium valproate reduces the metabolism of lamotrigine. Possible interference with folate metabolism during long-term therapy
Lamotrigine 50 mg Tablet
Lamictal
Concomitant use of other antiepileptics, discontinue therapy at the first sign of rash, renal, hepatic or cardiac impairment, pregnancy, lactation. Closely monitor and consider withdrawal if hypersensitivity i) Adjunctive or monotherapy for partial seizures and syndrome develops. Avoid abrupt withdrawal generalised tonic-clonic seizures not satisfactorily (reduce dosage stepwise over a period of 2 week) controlled with other antiepileptic drugs ii) Prevention i) Up to 200 mg daily in single or divided dosage ii) 25unless serious skin reaction occurs. Significant of mood episodes in adult 18 years and above with 200 mg daily hepatic or renal impairment. Monitor and adjust bipolar disorder, predominately by preventing dose if necessary in women who are starting or depressive episodes stopping hormonal contraceptives during Lamictal therapy. Close supervision of patients at high risk of suicide in bipolar disorder. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours As an emollient Apply to the affected area
Dizziness, fatigue, headache, hypersensitivity reactions, rashes, malaise, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, photosensitivity, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, drowsiness, insomnia, ataxia, nausea. Irritability, drowsiness, insomnia, tremor, nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia, blurred vision, gastrointestinal disturbances, arthralgia, pain including back pain. Rarely, severe skin reactions including StevensJohnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Metabolism is increased by carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone, decreased by valproate. Central nervous system events occur with carbamazepine. Hypersensitivity to lamotrigine products, hepatic Rifampicin, ethinyloestradiol/levonorgestrel impairment combination enhances the metabolism of lamotrigine. Sodium valproate reduces the metabolism of lamotrigine. Possible interference with folate metabolism during long-term therapy
Lanolin
Avoid contact with eyes. Not to be applied over Possible allergic reaction to material if inhaled, deep or puncture wounds, infections or lacerations ingested or in contact with skin
Hypersensitivity to lanolin
Not known
Lansoprazole 30 mg Tablet
Prevacid
Lanthanum Carbonate 1000mg Chewable Tablet
Fosrenol
i) 30 mg daily for 8 weeks ii) 30 mg once 1-2 times daily for 4-8 weeks iii) 60-120mg once daily adjusted i) Peptic ulcer disease ii) Reflux oesophagitis iii) according to the patient's response iv) 30 mg twice Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome iv) For eradication of daily in combination with any of the 2 antibiotics Helicobacter pylori in combination with antibiotic (clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily , amoxicillin 1 g twice daily or metronidazole 400 mg twice daily) for 12 weeks Phosphate binding agent for the treatment of Initial: 750 to 1500 mg/day in divided doses with hyperphosphataemia in dialysis patients with meals, then titrate in increments of 750 mg/day at sustained hypercalcaemia of more than three months intervals of 2 to 3 weeks. Maintenance: 1500-3000 and secondary hyperparathyroidism mg/day in divided doses. Max: 3750 g/day
Hepatic impairment, elderly, pregnancy, lactation
Agitation, constipation, diarrhoea, dry mouth, abdominal distension, headache, sleepiness, insomnia, dizziness, rash, pruritus, fever
May retard metabolism and excretion of Hypersensitivity to lansoprazole, in patients with diazepam and phenytoin. May decrease plasma known hypersensitivity to any component of the concentration of theophylline, inhibition of formulation gastric acid secretion may interfere with dissolution of the drug Possibly reduces absorption of ketoconazole, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or other compounds that are known to interact with antacids (give at least 2 hours apart)
Caution when used in patients with acute peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or bowel obstruction. Tablets should be thoroughly chewed before swallowing. Pregnancy and lactation
Gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea, Specific contraindications have not been vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, dyspepsia determined and abdominal pain Hypersensitivity reactions (urticaria, chills, fever, anaphylaxis), hyperglycaemia, lethargy, depression, confusion, coagulopathy, anorexia, mild nausea and vomiting, acute pancreatitis, Hypersensitivity to L-Asparaginase, history of coma, myelosuppression (usually mild), hepatic pancreatitis dysfunction, renal dysfunction, somnolence, hallucination, central nervous system disturbances including depression, coma, transient bone-marrow depression
L-Asparaginase 10,000 IU Injection
Leunase
i) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ii) Non-hodgkin's lymphoma
i) 5,000 iu/m2 for 10 days during induction, 10,000 iu/m2 also used with high dose methotrexate rescue in Haematologic, renal and hepatic dysfunction, consolidation phase of acute lymphoblastic leukemia pregnancy. Monitor for severe allergic reactions, ii) CHILD: 5,000 - 25,000 iu/m2 per dose depending caution in underlying coagulopathy and lactation on protocol
Vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, steroids, live vaccine
Latanoprost 0.005% Eye Drops
Xalatan
Leflunomide 10 mg Tablet
Arava
Inflammatory, neovascular, angle closure or The recommended dosage is one drop (1.5 g) in the congenital glaucoma, open angle glaucoma of Slight discomfort, mild to moderate conjunctival Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. If more than pseudophakic patients, pigmentary glaucoma, hyperaemia, transient punctate ephitelial with open-angle glaucoma one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, the drugs acute attacks of closed angle glaucoma, pregnancy erosions, increased pigmentation of iris, rash should be administered at least five (5) minutes apart and lactation. Contact lens users Gastrointestinal disturbances, anorexia, oral mucosa ulceration, elevation of liver parameters, headache, dizziness, paraesthesias, increase blood pressure, weight i) Persistent active rheumatoid arthritis ii) Active Loading dose: 100 mg once daily for 3 days. Renal impairment, anaemia, leucopenia, loss, increase hair loss, eczema, dry skin, mild psoriatic arthritis Maintenance: 10-20 mg once daily thrombocytopenia, history of tuberculosis allergic reactions, leucopenia, mild hyperlipidaemia. Rarely, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme
Effects additive to beta-adrenergic antagonist, Known hypersensitivity to any component of the adrenergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase products inhibitors and cholinergic agonists. Other eye preparation containing thiomersal Severe immunodeficiency state, serious infection, hepatic impairment, severe Other antirheumatic or immuno-suppressive hypoproteinaemia, pregnancy, lactation, agents, alcohol, phenytoin, warfarin, significantly impaired bone marrow function or tolbutamide significant anaemia, leucopenia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Gastrointestinal disturbances, anorexia, oral mucosa ulceration, elevation of liver parameters, headache, dizziness, paraesthesias, increase blood pressure, weight loss, increase hair loss, eczema, dry skin, mild allergic reactions, leucopenia, mild hyperlipidaemia. Rarely, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme Gastrointestinal disturbances, anorexia, oral mucosa ulceration, elevation of liver parameters, headache, dizziness, paraesthesias, increase blood pressure, weight loss, increase hair loss, eczema, dry skin, mild allergic reactions, leucopenia, mild hyperlipidaemia. Rarely, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme
Contraindications
Interactions
Arava
i) Persistent active rheumatoid arthritis ii) Active psoriatic arthritis
Loading dose: 100 mg once daily for 3 days. Maintenance: 10-20 mg once daily
Renal impairment, anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, history of tuberculosis
Severe immunodeficiency state, serious infection, hepatic impairment, severe Other antirheumatic or immuno-suppressive hypoproteinaemia, pregnancy, lactation, agents, alcohol, phenytoin, warfarin, significantly impaired bone marrow function or tolbutamide significant anaemia, leucopenia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia
Arava
i) Persistent active rheumatoid arthritis ii) Active psoriatic arthritis
Loading dose: 100 mg once daily for 3 days. Maintenance: 10-20 mg once daily.
Renal impairment, anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, history of tuberculosis
Severe immunodeficiency state, serious infection, hepatic impairment, severe Other antirheumatic or immuno-suppressive hypoproteinaemia, pregnancy, lactation, agents, alcohol, phenytoin, warfarin, significantly impaired bone marrow function or tolbutamide significant anaemia, leucopenia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia
Letrozole 2.5 mg Tablet
Femara
i) Treatment of hormone responsive metastatic or locally advance breast cancer after failure of tamoxifen ii) Adjunct for node positive postmenopausal women with early breast cancer (positive or unknown oestrogen or positive progesterone receptor status / receptor status) who have received 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy Treatment of folic acid antagonist overdose
2.5 mg once daily
Impaired liver function. Only to be used in Headache, nausea, fatigue, arthralgia, postmenopausal women. Cirrhosis and severe musculoskeletal pain, hot flushes, facture of hepatic dysfunction, risk of drug toxicity pregnancy, bone, heart failure, myocardial infarction potential for maternal and fetal malformations
Hypersensitivity to letrozole, pregnancy, lactation
Inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, tamoxifen
Leucovorin Calcium (Calcium Folinate) 15mg Tablet
15 mg every 6 hours for the next 48 - 72 hours
Pregnancy, lactation, seizure disorder
Anaphylatoid reactions, urticaria, nausea, vomiting
Leucovorin Calcium (Calcium Folinate) 3 mg Injection
i) 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days before 5-Fluorouracil or 200 mg/m2 IV infusion over 2 hours prior to 5i) Biochemical modulator for 5-Fluorouracil in the Fluorouracil on Day 1 and Day 2 (refer specific treatment of colorectal cancer ii) As rescue for high Leucovorin Calcium Pregnancy, lactation, seizure disorder protocol) ii) Starting 24 - 42 hours of methotrexate dose methotrexate iii) Megaloblastic anaemias due to administration, doses usually 15-30 mg/m2 every 6 deficiency of folic acid hours for 3 to 6 doses depending on protocol iii) 1 mg orally 4 times daily i) 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days before 5-Fluorouracil or 200 mg/m2 IV infusion over 2 hours prior to 5Fluorouracil on Day 1 and Day 2 or 500 mg/m2 IV Day 1 weekly (refer to specific protocol) ii) Starting 24 - 42 hours of methotrexate administration, doses usually Pregnancy, lactation, seizure disorder 15 - 30 mg/m2 every 6 hours for 8 to 12 doses depending on protocol and serum methotrexate levels iii) 6 - 12 mg exactly 30 hours after each dose of methotrexate. In EMA-CO regime for high risk gestational trophoblastic disease, use 30 mg IM
Hypersensitivity to leucovorin, pernicious anaemia or megaloblastic anaemia where vitamin B12 is deficient Hypersensitivity to leucovorin, pernicious anaemia or megaloblastic anaemia where vitamin B12 is deficient
Phenobarbitone, phenytoin
Leucovorin Calcium (Calcium Folinate) 50 mg Injection
Leucovorin Calcium
i) Biochemical modulator for 5-Fluorouracil in the treatment of colorectal cancer ii) As rescue for high dose methotrexate iii) Gestational trophoblastic disease
Hypersensitivity to leucovorin, pernicious anaemia or megaloblastic anaemia where vitamin B12 is deficient
Leuprolide Acetate 11.25 mg Injection
Lucrin
Leuprolide Acetate 3.75 mg Injection Lucrin Depot
Levetiracetam 100 mg/ml Oral Solution
Keppra
Levetiracetam 250 mg Tablet
Keppra
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, congestive heart failure or other conditions requiring sodium restriction, history of i) Endometriosis ii) Hormonal therapy in advanced 11.25 mg every 3 months thromboembolism or cardiovascular disease, prostate cancer metastatic vertebral lesions, urinary tract obstruction history of osteoporosis, lactation, occurrence of memory disorders Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, congestive heart failure or other conditions requiring sodium restriction, history of i) Endometriosis ii) Hormonal therapy in advanced i) 3.75 mg monthly for 3 - 6 months ii) 3.75 mg IM or thromboembolism or cardiovascular disease, prostate cancer SC injection monthly metastatic vertebral lesions, urinary tract obstruction history of osteoporosis, lactation, occurrence of memory disorders CHILD: 4-11 years and adolescent (12-17 years) less Avoid abrupt discontinuation, renal impairment, As adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset than 50 kg: Initially 10 mg/kg twice daily, may be severe hepatic impairment, pregnancy, lactation, seizures with or without secondary generalization in increased up to 30 mg/kg twice daily. Dose changes elderly. May affect ability to drive or operate adults and children from 4 years of age with epilepsy should not exceed increments or decrements of 10 machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of mg/kg two times daily twice weekly suicidal thoughts or behaviours i) Monotherapy ADULTS and ADOLESCENT (from 16 years) : Starting dose: 250 mg twice daily, Increase dose to 500 mg twice daily after 2 week. Dose can be further increased by 250 mg twice daily every 2 week i) Monotherapy therapy in the treatment of partial depending upon the clinical response. Max: 1500 mg onset seizures with or without secondary twice daily. ii) ADULT more than 18 years and generalization in patients from age 16 years of age Avoid abrupt discontinuation, renal impairment, ADOLESCENT (12-17 years) more than or equal to 50 with newly diagnosed epilepsy ii) Adjunctive treatment severe hepatic impairment, pregnancy, lactation, kg: Initially 500 mg twice daily may be increased up to in partial onset seizures with or without secondary elderly. May affect ability to drive or operate 1500 mg twice daily. Dose changes can be made in generalization in adults and children from 4 years of machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of 500 mg twice daily increments or decrements 2-4 age with epilepsy; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and suicidal thoughts or behaviours weekly. CHILD (4-11 years) and ADOLESCENT (12idiopathic generalized tonic clonic epilepsy from 12 17 years) less than 50 kg : Initially 10 mg/kg twice years of age daily, may be increased up to 30 mg/kg twice daily. Dose changes should not exceed increments or decrements of 10 mg/kg twice daily every 2 weeks. CHILD more than or equal to 50 kg: Adult dose
Hot flashes, vaginal haemorrhage, bone pain, nausea, vomiting, peripheral oedema, gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziness, headache, paraesthesia, congestive heart failure, oedema, thrombophlebitis, breast tenderness, impotence, increases/decreases in certain hormone levels Hot flashes,vaginal haemorrhage,bone pain, nausea, vomiting, peripheral oedema, gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziness, headache, paraesthesia, congestive heart failure, oedema, thrombophlebitis, breast tenderness, impotence, increases/decreases in certain hormone levels Asthenia, somnolence, dizziness, anorexia, diarrhoea, nausea, dyspepsia, rash, diplopia
Pregnancy, hypersensitivity to leuprolide products/GnRH agonists
Not known
Pregnancy, hypersensitivity to leuprolide products/GnRH agonists
Not known
Hypersensitivity to levetiracetam products
Evening primrose, ginkgo
Asthenia, somnolence, dizziness, anorexia, diarrhoea, nausea, dyspepsia, rash, diplopia
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Levetiracetam 500 mg Tablet
Keppra
Levobupivacaine 5mg/ml Injection
Chirocaine
i) Monotherapy ADULTS and ADOLESCENT (from 16 years) : Starting dose: 250 mg twice daily, Increase dose to 500 mg twice daily after 2 week. Dose can be further increased by 250 mg twice daily every 2 week i) Monotherapy therapy in the treatment of partial depending upon the clinical response. Max: 1500 mg onset seizures with or without secondary twice daily. ii) ADULT more than 18 years and generalization in patients from age 16 years of age Avoid abrupt discontinuation, renal impairment, ADOLESCENT (12-17 years) more than or equal to 50 with newly diagnosed epilepsy ii) Adjunctive treatment severe hepatic impairment, pregnancy, lactation, kg: Initially 500 mg twice daily may be increased up to in partial onset seizures with or without secondary elderly. May affect ability to drive or operate 1500 mg twice daily. Dose changes can be made in generalization in adults and children from 4 years of machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of 500 mg twice daily increments or decrements 2-4 age with epilepsy; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and suicidal thoughts or behaviours weekly. CHILD (4-11 years) and ADOLESCENT (12idiopathic generalized tonic clonic epilepsy from 12 17 years) less than 50 kg : Initially 10 mg/kg twice years of age daily, may be increased up to 30 mg/kg twice daily. Dose changes should not exceed increments or decrements of 10 mg/kg twice daily every 2 weeks. CHILD more than or equal to 50 kg: Adult dose Surgical anesthesia : Lumber epidural : 10 - 20 ml (50 Production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery 150 mg) , caesarean section : 15 - 30 ml (75 - 150 Use with caution in patients with hypotension, and obstetrics, and for postoperative pain mg), intrathecal: 3 ml (15 mg), peripheral nerve block : hypovolemia, heart block, hepatic or cardiac management 1 - 40 ml, ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block. CHILD : impairment 0.25 - 0.5 ml/kg (1.25-2.5 mg/kg) Initial: 100/25 mg 1-2 times/day, increase every 3 - 4 days until therapeutic effect, optimal dosage: 400/100 mg to 800/200 mg/day divided into 4 - 6 doses. Dose: 200/50 mg used only when maintenance therapy is reached and not to exceed levodopa 1000 - 1200 mg/benserazide 250 - 300 mg per day. Dispersible formulation for dysphagia or where a more rapid onset of action is required ie patients with early morning/afternoon akinesia Open-angle glaucoma, depression, diabetes, severe cardiovascular disease, bronchial asthma, renal, hepatic or endocrine disease, history of psychoses or convulsion. Lactation. Perform liver function and blood count tests during treatment. Discontinue 12 - 48 hour before surgery requiring general anaesthesia. If patient must undergo surgery without Madopar having been withdrawn, avoid anaesthesia with cyclopropane or halothane
Asthenia, somnolence, dizziness, anorexia, diarrhoea, nausea, dyspepsia, rash, diplopia
Hypotension, anemia, nausea, vomiting, fever, pruritus, cardiac arrest, cardiac dysrhythmia, apnea Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, insomnia, agitation, cardiac arrhythmias, postural hypotension (rarely labile hypertension), dizziness, tachycardia, arrhythmias, reddish discoloration of urine and other body fluid, rarely hypersensitivity, abnormal involuntary movement. Lost or change of taste. Abnormal involuntary movements. Rarely, skin reactions, haemolytic anaemia, mild, transient leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Agitation, anxiety, insomnia, hallucination, delusion and temporal disorientation in the elderly Central nervous system: Anxiety, confusion, nervousness, mental depression, psychotic symptoms. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, insomnia, agitation, postural hypotension, dizziness, chest pain, tachycardia, arrhythmias, reddish discoloration of urine and other body fluid. Dyskinesia, muscle twitching and blepharospasm may be taken as early signs to consider dosage reduction. Gastrointestinal bleeding, development of duodenal ulcer, dark saliva, leukopenia, hemolytic and non-hemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, angioedema, urticaria, pruritus, paraesthesia, increased libido, dyspnoea, alopecia, rash, dark sweat, dark urine Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, insomnia, agitation, cardiac arrhythmias, postural hypotension (rarely labile hypertension), dizziness, tachycardia, arrhythmias, reddish discoloration of urine and other body fluid, rarely hypersensitivity, abnormal involuntary movement. Lost or change of taste. Abnormal involuntary movements. Rarely, skin reactions, haemolytic anaemia, mild, transient leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Agitation, anxiety, insomnia, hallucination, delusion and temporal disorientation in the elderly Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting, anorexia, gastrointestinal bleeding, duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, taste alterations, heartburn, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, arrhythmia, chest pain, palpitation, dizziness, fatigue, hallucinations, anxiety, somnolence, agitation, memory impairment, EPS, disorientation, delusions, euphoria, somnolence, confusion, nightmares, headache, purpura, rash, alopecia, malignant melanoma, urticaria, pruritus, urine discoloration, dyspnoea, increased libido, hemolytic anaemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
Intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier's block), St John's Wort paracervical block in obstetrics
Levodopa 100 mg and Benserazide 25 mg Dispersible Tablet
Madopar Dispersible
Parkinson's Disease
Hypersensitivity to this drug. Patient on MAOIs therapy with decompensated endocrine, renal or hepatic function, cardiac disorders, psychiatric diseases or closed-angle glaucoma. Pregnancy. Patients less than 25 years. Lactation. Combination with MAOIs (except selegiline)
Hypertensive crisis with MAOIs, increased hypotensive effect with antihypertensives, antagonism effect of antipsychotic, reduced absorption by iron, plasma concentration increased by metoclopramide. Tricylic antidepressant, phenothiazines, phenytoin, pyridoxine. Potentiates effects of sympathomimetics. Neuroleptics, opioids, antihypertensives containing reserpine, antacid, protein-rich meal
Levodopa 100 mg and Carbidopa 25 Sinemet mg Tablet
Parkinson's disease
Not recommended for treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. The occurrence of dyskinesias in patients previously treated with levodopa alone may require dosage reduction. All patients should be observed carefully for the Patients not receiving Levodopa before, initially 100 development of depression with concomitant 125 mg 3 - 4 times daily adjusted according to suicidal tendencies. Cardiovascular disease or response. Maintenance: 0.75 - 2 g in divided doses. In pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma. Hepatic patients previously treated with Levodopa the dose impairment, renal impairment, endocrine disease, should be about 20 - 25% of the dose previously being chronic wide-angle glaucoma. Observe carefully taken when the dosage is reduced abruptly or discontinued, especially if the patient is receiving neuroleptics. Pregnancy, women of childbearing potential. Not recommended in patients less than 18 years
Hypersensitivity to this drug. Patient on MAOIs therapy or 2 weeks prior to initiating therapy. May be administered concomitantly with or an MAOI with or selectivity for MAO type B (eg selegiline HCl). Narrow-angle glaucoma with compensated endocrine, renal or hepatic function, cardiac disorders, psychiatric diseases or closed-angle glaucoma, undiagnosed skin lesion, melanoma, pregnancy
Hypertensive crisis with MAOIs, increased hypotensive effect with antihypertensives, antagonism effect of antipsychotic, reduced absorption by iron, plasma concentration increased by metoclopramide. Linezolid, clonidine, anticholinergics, tricylic antidepressant, phenothiazines, phenytoin, papaverine, selegiline and high protein diet
Levodopa 100 mg, Benserazide 25 mg HBS capsule
Madopar
Parkinson's Disease
Open-angle glaucoma, depression, diabetes, severe cardiovascular disease, bronchial asthma, Initial: 100/25 mg 1-2 times/day, increase every 3-4 renal, hepatic or endocrine disease, history of days until therapeutic effect, optimal dosage: 400/100 psychoses or convulsion. Lactation. Perform liver mg to 800/200 mg/day divided into 4-6 doses. Dose: function and blood count tests during treatment. 200/50 mg used only when maintenance therapy is Discontinue 12-48 hours before surgery requiring reached and not to exceed levodopa 1000-1200 general anaesthesia. If patient must undergo mg/benserazide 250-300 mg per day surgery without Madopar having been withdrawn, avoid anaesthesia with cyclopropane or halothane
Levodopa 100 mg, Carbidopa 25 mg Stalevo and Entacapone 200 mg Tablet
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease
100 mg 3 - 4 times daily and subsequently titrated up to 150 mg 3 - 4 times daily as required. Maximum dose of entacapone is 1600 mg/ day (8 tablet)
Renal function periodically in chronic renal impairment including those receiving dialysis, mild to moderate hepatic impairment, dose reduction may be necessary, abrupt discontinuation/dose reduction of carbidopa/levodopa
Hypersensitivity to any component of the product, concomitant use of nonselective MAOIs (must be discontinued at least two weeks prior to initiating therapy with Stalevo), severe hepatic impairment, narrow-angle glaucoma, patients with history of melanoma or suspicious, undiagnosed skin lesions, history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Antihypertensive agents, MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, papaverine, phenytoin, drugs known to interfere with biliary excretion, glucuronidation, and intestinal betaglucuronidase, drugs metabolized by COMT, iron salts, metoclopramide
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting, anorexia, gastrointestinal bleeding, duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, taste alterations, heartburn, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, arrhythmia, chest pain, palpitation, dizziness, fatigue, hallucinations, anxiety, somnolence, agitation, memory impairment, EPS, disorientation, delusions, euphoria, somnolence, confusion, nightmares, headache, purpura, rash, alopecia, malignant melanoma, urticaria, pruritus, urine discoloration, dyspnoea, increased libido, haemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, insomnia, agitation, cardiac arrhythmias, postural hypotension (rarely labile hypertension), dizziness, tachycardia, arrhythmias, reddish discoloration of urine and other body fluid, rarely hypersensitivity, abnormal involuntary movement. Lost or change of taste. Abnormal involuntary movements. Rarely, skin reactions, haemolytic anaemia, mild, transient leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Agitation, anxiety, insomnia, hallucination, delusion and temporal disorientation in the elderly Central nervous system: Anxiety, confusion, nervousness, mental depression, psychotic symptoms. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, insomnia, agitation, postural hypotension, dizziness, chest pain, tachycardia, arrhythmias, reddish discoloration of urine and other body fluid. Dyskinesia, muscle twitching and blepharospasm may be taken as early signs to consider dosage reduction. Gastrointestinal bleeding, development of duodenal ulcer, dark saliva, leukopenia, hemolytic and non-hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, angioedema, urticaria, pruritus, paresthesia, increased libido, dyspnea, alopecia, rash, dark sweat, dark urine
Contraindications
Interactions
Levodopa 150 mg, Carbidopa 37.5 mg and Entacapone 200 mg Tablet
Stalevo
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease
100 mg 3 - 4 times daily and subsequently titrated up to 150 mg 3 - 4 times daily as required. Maximum dose of entacapone is 1600 mg/ day (8 tablet)
Renal function periodically in chronic renal impairment including those receiving dialysis, mild to moderate hepatic impairment, dose reduction may be necessary, abrupt discontinuation/dose
Hypersensitivity to any component of the product, concomitant use of nonselective MAOIs (must be discontinued at least two weeks prior to initioating therapy with Stalevo), severe hepatic impairment, narrow-angle glaucoma, patients with history of melanoma or suspicious, undiagnosed skin lesions, history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Antihypertensive agents, MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, papaverine, phenytoin, drugs known to interfere with biliary excretion, glucuronidation, and intestinal betaglucuronidase, drugs metabolized by COMT, iron salts, metoclopramide
Levodopa 200 mg, Benserazide 50 mg Tablet
Madopar
Parkinson's Disease
Initial: 100/25 mg 1-2 times/day, increase every 3-4 days until therapeutic effect, optimal dosage: 400/100 mg to 800/200 mg/day divided into 4-6 doses. Dose: 200/50 mg used only when maintenance therapy is reached and not to exceed levodopa 1000-1200 mg/benserazide 250-300 mg per day
Open-angle glaucoma, depression, diabetes, severe cardiovascular disease, bronchial asthma, renal, hepatic or endocrine disease, history of psychoses or convulsion. Lactation. Perform liver function and blood count tests during treatment. Discontinue 12-48 hours before surgery requiring general anaesthesia. If patient must undergo surgery without Madopar having been withdrawn, avoid anaesthesia with cyclopropane or halothane
Levodopa 250 mg and Carbidopa 25 Sinemet mg Tablet
Parkinson's disease
Not recommended for treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. The occurrence of dyskinesias in patients previously treated with levodopa alone may require dosage reduction. All patients should be observed carefully for the Patients not receiving Levodopa before, initially 100 development of depression with concomitant 125 mg 3 - 4 times daily adjusted according to suicidal tendencies. Cardiovascular disease or response. Maintenance: 0.75 - 2 g in divided doses. In pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma. Hepatic patients previously treated with Levodopa the dose impairment, renal impairment, endocrine disease, should be about 20 - 25% of the dose previous being chronic wide-angle glaucoma. Observe carefully taken when the dosage is reduced abruptly or discontinued, especially if the patient is receiving neuroleptics. Pregnancy, women of childbearing potential. Not recommended in patients less than 18 years
Hypersensitivity to this drug. Patient on MAOIs therapy or 2 weeks prior to initiating therapy. May be administered concomitantly with or an MAOI with or selectivity for MAO type B (eg selegiline HCl). Narrow-angle glaucoma with compensated endocrine, renal or hepatic function, cardiac disorders, psychiatric diseases or closed-angle glaucoma, undiagnosed skin lesion, melanoma, pregnancy
Hypertensive crisis with MAOIs, increased hypotensive effect with antihypertensives, antagonism effect of antipsychotic, reduced absorption by iron, plasma concentration increased by metoclopramide. Linezolid, clonidine, anticholinergics, tricylic antidepressant, phenothiazines, phenytoin, papaverine, selegiline and high protein diet
Levofloxacin 250 mg Tablet
Loxof, Cravit
Community acquired pneumonia
500 mg daily for 7 - 14 days
Renal impairment (CrCl less than 50 mL/minute), CNS disorders, predisposition to seizures, lowered convulsion threshold, diabetes mellitus, conditions Diarrhoea, nausea, headache, blurred vision, predisposing to torsade de pointes, significant hypoglycemia, tendinitis, anaphylactic bradycardia, cardiomyopathy, G6PD deficiency. reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Ensure adequate hydration. Avoid excessive sun exposure. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Renal impairment (CrCl less than 50 mL/minute), CNS disorders, predisposition to seizures, lowered convulsion threshold, diabetes mellitus, conditions Diarrhoea, nausea, headache, blurred vision, predisposing to torsade de pointes, significant hypoglycemia, tendinitis, anaphylactic bradycardia, cardiomyopathy, G6PD deficiency. reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Ensure adequate hydration. Avoid excessive sun exposure. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Renal impairment (CrCl less than 50 mL/minute), CNS disorders, predisposition to seizures, lowered convulsion threshold, diabetes mellitus, conditions Diarrhoea, nausea, headache, blurred vision, predisposing to torsade de pointes, significant hypoglycemia, tendinitis, anaphylactic bradycardia, cardiomyopathy, G6PD deficiency. reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Ensure adequate hydration. Avoid excessive sun exposure. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Not effective in terminating an existing pregnancy, not recommended for routine use as a contraceptive and in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction Acne, weight gain, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, headache, depression, breast tenderness, cyst of ovary, fatigue pelvic inflammatory disease, sepsis, menstrual irregularities
Hypersensitivity to quinolones, pregnancy & lactation. Children and growing adolescents less than 18 years old
Levofloxacin 500 mg Injection
Loxof, Cravit
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Levofloxacin 500 mg Tablet
Loxof, Cravit
Community acquired pneumonia
Antacids, sucralfate, divalent cations, multivitamin, theophylline, warfarin, NSAIDS, antidiabetic agents, amiodarone, chlorpromazine, cortisone, dexamethasone, diclofenac, disopyramide, ibuprofen, indomethacin, iron, ketoprofen, ketorolac, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, naproxen, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, prednisolone, prochlorperazine, quinidine Antacids, sucralfate, divalent cations, multivitamin, theophylline, warfarin, NSAIDS, antidiabetic agents, amiodarone, chlorpromazine, cortisone, dexamethasone, diclofenac, disopyramide, ibuprofen, indomethacin, iron, ketoprofen, ketorolac, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, naproxen, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, prednisolone, prochlorperazine, quinidine Antacids, sucralfate, divalent cations, multivitamin, theophylline, warfarin, NSAIDS, antidiabetic agents, amiodarone, chlorpromazine, cortisone, dexamethasone, diclofenac, disopyramide, ibuprofen, indomethacin, iron, ketoprofen, ketorolac, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, naproxen, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, prednisolone, prochlorperazine, quinidine Effectiveness is reduced by enzyme inducing drugs such as barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, St. John's Wort, rifampicin, ritonavir and griseofulvin
Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg Tablet
Escapelle
Emergency contraception within 72 hours of 1.5 mg as a single dose as soon as possible after unprotected sexual intercourse for the female victim of coitus [preferably within 12 hours but no later than sexual violence to prevent unwanted pregnancy after 72 hours]
Genital bleeding of unknown etiology, pregnancy
Levonorgestrel 150 mcg and Ethinyloestradiol 30 mcg Tablet
Rigevidon
Contraception
1 tablet daily for 21 days from first day of the cycle, followed by 7 tab free days
Age, smoking, gall bladder disease, diabetes, hypertension, epilepsy, migraine, cardiac or renal dysfunction, history of depression, uterine fibroids, Thromboembolic disease, hypertension, gall bladder disease, nausea, vomiting, migraine lactation. Gastrointestinal disease (impaired absorption of oral contraceptive steroids in the small bowel due to inflammatory disease)
Thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, breast or endometrial cancer, Effectiveness may be reduced by antibiotics, oestrogen dependent neoplasia, undiagnosed phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbiturates, abnormal vaginal bleeding, cholestatic jaundice rifampicin of pregnancy, hepatic adenomas or carcinomas, known or suspected pregnancy
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Discontinue treatment if crescendo migraine or other symptoms indicating transient cerebral ischaemia, exceptionally severe headache, jaundice, marked increase of blood pressure, unexplained loss of vision or other symptoms of retinal thrombosis occurs. Hormone dependent neoplasia including breast cancer, malignancies affecting the blood or leukaemias, severe arterial disease eg stroke or myocardia infarction. Diabetics. In recurrent endometriosis, pelvic infections or if an acute infection does not respond to treatment within a few days, perforation, accidental pregnancy. Not a contraceptive of choice during lactation
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System
Mirena
One unit intrauterine device to be inserted into the uterine cavity within 7 days of the onset of menstruation or immediately after first trimester Contraception (Initial release rate of 20 mcg/24 hours) abortion. Postpartum insertion should be postponed until 6 weeks after delivery. One unit IUD is effective for 5 years
Menstrual changes, lower abdominal pain, acne or other skin problems, backpain, mastalgia, headache, vaginal discharge, mood changes, nausea, oedema, weight gain, decreased libido, sweating, hair loss, greasy hair, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), perforation of uterine wall, enlarged follicles may develop
Active hepatic disease, active thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders, haemorrhagic diathesis, carcinoma of the breast, pregnancy, undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding, Not known undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, hypersensitivity
Levothyroxine Sodium 100 mcg Tablet
Oroxine
Hypothyroidism
ADULT: 1.7 mcg/kg/day orally in a single daily dose (usual maintenance dose is 100 - 125 mcg/day 70 kg adult). CHILD; 0 - 3 months: 10 - 15 mcg/kg/day; 3 - 6 months: 8 - 10 mcg/kg/day; 6 - 12 months: 6 - 8 mcg/kg/day; 1 - 5 years: 5 - 6 mcg/kg/day; 6 - 12 years: 4 - 5 mcg/kg/day; more than 12 years: 2 -3 mcg/kg/day
Angina, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, elderly, long-standing hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, myxoedema. Do not use for treatment of obesity or for weight loss. Pregnancy, lactation
Reduced absorption with iron, cholestyramine, colestipol, aluminium- and magnesiumcontaining antacids, calcium carbonate, Nervousness, excitability, tremor, muscle simethicone, sucralfate. May alter requirements weakness, cramps, sweating, flushing, heat of antidiabetic drugs. Reduced efficacy of intolerance, headache, insomnia, tachycardia, thyroid replacement therapy with imatinib. palpitations, angina pectoris, excessive weight Untreated hyperthyroidism; uncorrected adrenal Reduced tri-iodothyronine serum levels with loss, menstrual irregularities, diarrhoea, failure; recent myocardial infarction amiodarone. Reduced serum levels of thyroxine vomiting, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmia, heart with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, failure, coma, myocardial infarction, osteopenia, rifampicin, oestrogens. May change pseudotumor cerebri, seizure hypoprothrombinaemic response to warfarin and other oral anticoagulants. Increased risk of significant hypertension and tachycardia with ketamine Reduced absorption with iron, colestyramine, colestipol, aluminium- and magnesiumcontaining antacids, calcium carbonate, Nervousness, excitability, tremor, muscle simethicone, sucralfate. May alter requirements weakness, cramps; sweating, flushing, heat of antidiabetic drugs. Reduced efficacy of intolerance, headache, insomnia, tachycardia, thyroid replacement therapy with imatinib. palpitations, angina pectoris, excessive weight Untreated hyperthyroidism; uncorrected adrenal Reduced tri-iodothyronine serum levels with loss; menstrual irregularities; diarrhoea, failure; recent myocardial infarction amiodarone. Reduced serum levels of thyroxine vomiting, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmia, heart with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, failure, coma,myocardial infarction, osteopenia, rifampicin, oestrogens. May change pseudotumor cerebri, seizure hypoprothrombinaemic response to warfarin and other oral anticoagulants. Increased risk of significant hypertension and tachycardia with ketamine Reduced absorption with iron, cholestyramine, colestipol, aluminium- and magnesiumcontaining antacids, calcium carbonate, Nervousness, excitability, tremor, muscle simethicone, sucralfate. May alter requirements weakness, cramps, sweating, flushing, heat of antidiabetic drugs. Reduced efficacy of intolerance, headache, insomnia, tachycardia, thyroid replacement therapy with imatinib. palpitations, angina pectoris, excessive weight Untreated hyperthyroidism; uncorrected adrenal Reduced tri-iodothyronine serum levels with loss, menstrual irregularities, diarrhoea, failure; recent myocardial infarction amiodarone. Reduced serum levels of thyroxine vomiting, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmia, heart with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, failure, coma, myocardial infarction, osteopenia, rifampicin, oestrogens. May change pseudotumor cerebri, seizure hypoprothrombinaemic response to warfarin and other oral anticoagulants. Increased risk of significant hypertension and tachycardia with ketamine Congenital or idiopathic methaemoglobinaemia, avoid in infant less than 6 months old. Open wounds other than leg ulcers. Genital mucosa of children. Impaired tympanic membrane. Prior to intracutaneous injection of a live vaccine eg BCG, infants less or 12 month, preterm infants with gestational age less than 37 week
Hypothyroidism
ADULT:1.7 mcg/kg/day ORALLY in a single daily dose (usual maintenance dose is 100-125 mcg/day 70 kg adult) CHILD; 0-3 months: 10-15 mcg/kg/day; 3-6 months: 8-10 mcg/kg/day; 6-12 months: 6-8 mcg/kg/day; 1-5 years: 5-6 mcg/kg/day; 6-12 years: 45 mcg/kg/day; more than 12 years: 2-3 mcg/kg/day
Angina, heart failure; diabetes mellitus; diabetes insipidus; elderly; long-standing hypothyroidism; adrenal insufficiency; myxoedema. Do not use for treatment of obesity or for weight loss. Pregnancy, lactation
Hypothyroidism
ADULT: 1.7 mcg/kg/day orally in a single daily dose (usual maintenance dose is 100 - 125 mcg/day 70 kg adult). CHILD; 0 - 3 months: 10 - 15 mcg/kg/day; 3 - 6 months: 8 - 10 mcg/kg/day; 6 - 12 months: 6 - 8 mcg/kg/day; 1 - 5 years: 5 - 6 mcg/kg/day; 6 - 12 years: 4 - 5 mcg/kg/day; more than 12 years: 2 -3 mcg/kg/day
Angina, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, elderly, long-standing hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, myxoedema. Do not use for treatment of obesity or for weight loss. Pregnancy, lactation
Lidocaine 25mg and Prilocaine 25mg Emla Cream
Used for painless venepunctures, radial artery cannulations before extradural/spinal and other Apply a thick layer under occlusive dressing at least 1 Not for use on wounds or mucous membrane, regional blocks in children above 1 year old and hour before the procedure atopic dermatitis. Application in vicinity of the eyes adults. Also used in chronic renal failure patients for insertion of A-V fistulas and shunts for haemodialysis.
Oedema, itching and exanthema allergic reactions, increase methaemoglobin level. Paleness, erythema (redness). Mild burning sensation, itch or warmth in leg ulcer
Potentiation of cardiac effects, antiarrhythmias; other local anaesthetics. Increased risk of systemic toxicity in patients receiving other local anaesth. Sulfonamides
Lignocaine 10 % w/w Spray
For surface anaesthesia in dental practice, in otorhinolaryngology and paracentesis
Spray to affected part
Cardiovascular disease, wounds or traumatised mucosa in the application region. Partial or complete heart block, elderly and patients in poor general health. Advanced liver disease or severe renal dysfunction. Avoid contact with eyes, wound or traumatised mucosa
Circumoral paraesthesia, numbness of the tongue, light headedness, tinnitus, severe hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiovascular collapse. Sore throat, hoarseness, loss of voice, allergic reactions (rare)
Lignocaine 2 % with Adrenaline (1:80,000) Injection
Xylocaine with Adrenaline
For local anaesthesia including infiltration, nerve and plexus blocks
By infiltration: 0.5 - 1 ml; not to exceed 7 mg/kg body weight
Severe hypertension, arteriosclerotic heart disease Nervousness, dizziness, sedation, blurred cerebrovascular insufficiency, heart block vision, tinnitus, gastrointestinal effects
Potentiation of cardiac effects antiarrhythmias. Lidocaine should be used with caution with dental injection anaesthesia, other local anaesthetics or class intrabursal (IB) Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or amide type of antiarrhythmic drugs, as the toxic effects are local anaesthetics additive. Tocainide and drugs that reduce the clearance of lidocaine (eg, cimetidine or blockers) may cause potentially toxic plasma concentrations when lidocaine is given in repeated high doses over a long time period Thyrotoxicosis, region with compromised blood Potentiation of cardiac effects antiarrhythmias, supply tricyclic antidepressants
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Lignocaine 2% Jelly
Xylocaine
Traumatised mucosa and sepsis in the region of application, chronic heart failure, bradycardia or respiratory depression, hepatic insufficiency. Use for endotracheal tubes and instruments, painful Should not be used as ophthalmic drug. Presence procedures in the ear, nose and throat, burns, Apply to affected area 10 mins before catheterization, of sepsis or severely traumatized mucosa in area of wounds, abrasions, lacerations; catheterisation of the etc application. When used for endotracheal tube male and female urethra and for symptomatic lubrication, avoid introducing into the lumen of the treatment of cystitis and urethritis tube. Closely supervise patients being treated with class III antiarrhythmic drugs eg amiodarone and monitor ECG due to the additive effects For post-tonsilectomy, sore throat, dumping syndrome, hiccough, reflux vomiting, painful lesions of To be taken orally as directed the mouth, cardiospasm, instrumentation of the respiratory and digestive tract To provide local anaesthesia and lubrication during catheterization, exploration by sound and other endourethral operations and examinations, cytoscopy 6-11 ml into urethra and symptomatic treatment of painful cystitis and urethritis For anaesthesia of mucous membranes of the oropharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial areas eg. in laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy, 2 - 3 ml with suitable spray; biopsy in mouth, 3 - 4 ml with suitable spray or swab (with adrenaline if necessary); maximum 7.5 ml Traumatised mucosa and sepsis, minimum interval between doses: 3 hours. Monitoring should be considered with amiodarone. Partial or complete heart block, elderly and patients in poor general health. Advanced liver disease or severe renal dysfunction Severe hypertension, severe cardiac insufficiency, arteriosclerotic heart disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, heart block, seriously impaired hepatic and renal function, traumatized mucosa and or inflammation/sepsis in the region of the proposed application and in patients with tendency to convulsions
Allergic reactions. Intoxication, cutaneous and hypersensitivity symptoms. Sore throat. Central nervous system excitation followed by depression with drowsiness, respiratory failure Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or amide type of and coma, numbness of tongue and perioral local anaesthetics. Hypovolaemia, heart block region, myocardial depression, peripheral or other conduction disturbances vasodilation, hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest. Prolonged use in the eye may lead to severe contact keratitis and corneal damage Intoxication, hypersensitivity, drowsiness, Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or amide type of excitement, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred local anaesthetics vision. Allergic reactions (rare)
Potentiation of cardiac effects antiarrhythmias. Drugs structurally related to local anaesthesia
Lignocaine 2% Viscous Solution
Xylocaine
Potentiation of cardiac effects, antiarrhythmias. Dental injection anaesthesia, other local anaesthesia or class intrabursal (IB) antiarrhythmic drugs
Lignocaine 2% with Chlorhexidine 0.05% Gel
Xylocaine with Chlorhexidine
Nervousness, dizziness, sedation, blurred vision, tinnitus, gastrointestinal effects. Rarely: allergic reactions
Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or amide type of local anaesthetics. Severe bradycardia
Potentiation of cardiac effects, antiarrhythmic drugs, -receptor-blocking agents, calcium channel antagonists
Lignocaine 4 % Solution
Xylocaine
Perioral numbness, tinnitus, hypersensitivity, Traumatised mucosa and sepsis, minimum interval drowsiness, excitement, dizziness, nausea, between doses: 3 hours vomiting, blurred vision, arrhythmias Adams-Stokes syndrome, advanced heart failure. EKG monitoring for intravenous administration. Epidural anaesthesia; a test dose is recommended, heart block, hepatic disease, hypovolaemia, renal disease, severe degrees of sinoatrial, atrioventricular or intraventricular block. Shock, sinus bradycardia, spinal anaesthesia, severe haemorrhage, shock, heart block, local infection at injection site, septicaemia. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or amide type of local anaesthetics
Potentiation of cardiac effects, antiarrhythmias Beta-adrenergic blockers; increased lidocaine levels.Cimetidine;decreased lidocaine level. Class I antiarrhythmic agents (eg, tocainide, mexiletine);toxic effects are additive and potentially synergistic. Procainamide; additive neurological and cardiac effects. Succinylcholine;prolongation of neuromuscular blockade. Incompatibility with; amphotericin B, parenteral cephalosporins, doxycycline, epinephrine, isoprenaline, methohexital, nitroprusside, norepinephrine, phenytoin, sodium bicarbonate, sulfadiazine
Lignocaine HCl (Lidocaine) 100 mg/5 Xylocard ml Injection
50-100 mg IV as a bolus, repeated after 5 minutes if Ventricular tachycardia and ventricullar fibrillation. To necessary. Maintenance : 1-4 mg/min by IV infusion be diluted before use under ECG monitoring
Nervousness, dizziness, paraesthesia, drowsiness, tinnitus, disorientation, blurred vision, tremor, convulsions, respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia
Hypersensitivity to amide local anesthetics, Stokes-Adams syndrome, Wolff-ParkinsonWhite syndrome,severe degrees of sinoatrial, AV or intraventricular block in absence of pacemaker, ophthalmic use
Lignocaine HCl (Lidocaine) 2% Injection
Xylocaine
Nervousness, dizziness, sedation, blurred vision, tinnitus, gastrointestinal effects, doserelated methaemoglobinaemia and cyanosis. Local anesthesia : ADULT Maximum: 200 mg; CHILD Neurological disorder, severe bradycardia, cardiac Restlessness, excitement, nervousness, Local anesth by infiltration IV regional anesthesia and Maximum: 30 mg/kg Cardiac arrhythmias : ADULT 50conduction abnormalities, pregnancy, congestive paraesthesia, vomiting, muscle twitching and nerve block. Emergency management of ventricular 100 mg IV. Maximum: 200-300 mg/hour; CHILD heart failure, respiratory depression, hepatic or tremors, convulsions. Numbness of tongue and arrhythmias particularly after myocardial infarction and Loading dose: 0.8-1 mg/kg IV repeated if necessary renal insufficiency, epilepsy, shock, myasthenia perioral region, light headedness, sedation, cardiac surgery up to 3-5 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of gravis. Elderly. Pregnancy and lactation CNS depression, respiratory failure and coma. 10-50 mcg/kg/min Arrhythmias, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis. Lassitude, amnesia, foetal intoxication Adams-Stokes syndrome, advanced heart failure. EKG monitoring for intravenous administration. Epidural anaesthesia; a test dose is recommended, heart block, hepatic disease, hypovolaemia, renal disease, severe degrees of sinoatrial, atrioventricular or intraventricular block. Shock, sinus bradycardia, spinal anaesthesia, severe haemorrhage, shock, heart block, local infection at injection site, septicaemia. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Local inflammation and/or sepsis, septicaemia. Hypovolaemia, heart block and other Potentiation of cardiac effects antiarrhythmias, conduction disturbances, bradycardia, cardiac phenytoin, beta-blockers, cimetidine decompensation or hypotension
Lignocaine HCl (Lidocaine) 500 mg/5 Xylocard ml Injection
50-100 mg IV as a bolus, repeated after 5 minutes if Ventricular tachycardia and ventricullar fibrillation. To necessary. Maintenance : 1-4 mg/min by IV infusion be diluted before use under ECG monitoring
Nervousness, dizziness, paraesthesia, drowsiness, tinnitus, disorientation, blurred vision, tremor, convulsions, respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia
Hypersensitivity to amide local anesthetics, Stokes-Adams syndrome, Wolff-ParkinsonWhite syndrome,severe degrees of sinoatrial, AV or intraventricular block in absence of pacemaker, ophthalmic use
Beta-adrenergic blockers; increased lidocaine levels.Cimetidine;decreased lidocaine level. Class I antiarrhythmic agents (eg, tocainide, mexiletine);toxic effects are additive and potentially synergistic. Procainamide; additive neurological and cardiac effects. Succinylcholine;prolongation of neuromuscular blockade. Incompatibility with; amphotericin B, parenteral cephalosporins, doxycycline, epinephrine, isoprenaline, methohexital, nitroprusside, norepinephrine, phenytoin, sodium bicarbonate, sulfadiazine
Lignocaine HCl 1% Injection
Lakan
Local or regional anaesthesia for episiotomy repairs
According to patients weight and nature of procedures, maximum 200mg. For most obstetric procedures, the preparation is diluted to 0.5%, which gives the maximum effect with the least toxicity. [lignocaine 1%, 1 part and normal saline or sterile distilled water, 1 part]
Chronic heart failure, respiratory depression, hepatic or renal insufficiency, epilepsy, shock, myasthenia gravis. Elderly. Pregnancy and lactation
Restlessness, excitement, nervousness, paraesthesia, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, muscle twitching and tremors, convulsions. Numbness of tongue and perioral Hypovolaemia, heart block and other region, lightheadedness, sedation, central conduction disturbances, bradycardia, cardiac nervous system depression, respiratory failure decompensation or hypotension and coma. Arrhythmias, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis. Lassitude, amnesia. Methaemoglobinaemia, foetal intoxication Dry skin, pruritus, irritation, transient burning/stinging and atrophy of anal skin Dry skin, pruritus, irritation, transient burning/stinging and atrophy of anal skin
Other antiarrhythmics, -blockers, cimetidine
Lignocaine, Aluminium Acetate, Zinc Xyloproct Oxide and Hydrocortisone Ointment Lignocaine, Aluminium Acetate, Zinc Xyloproct Oxide and Hydrocortisone Suppository
Anorectal pain, pruritis, inflammation and irritation
Apply once or twice daily. Not for prolonged use 1 suppository to be used once or twice daily. Not for prolonged use ADULT: 600 mg twice daily for 10 - 14 days. CHILD: 10 mg/kg 3 times daily. PREMATURE NEONATES less than 7 days: 10 mg/kg twice daily
Anorectal pain, pruritis, inflammation and irritation
Linezolid 2 mg/ml Injection
Zyvox
MRSA patient with severe sepsis requiring intensive care and not clinically responding to vancomycin
Children less than 12 years, traumatised mucosa, sepsis in anorectal region or suspected herpes simplex infection Children less than 12 years old, traumatised mucosa, sepsis in anorectal region or suspected herpes simplex infection Monitor Full Blood Count (FBC) in patients with preexisting myelosuppression, increased bleeding risk or who receive medications that may decrease haemoglobin levels, platelet count or function, or who received linezolid for more than 2 weeks. Pregnancy
With large doses of lidocaine, risk of additional Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics or to other systemic toxicity in patients receiving other local components of the product anaesthetics With large doses of lidocaine, risk of additional Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics or to other systemic toxicity in patients receiving other local components of the product anaesthetics Citalopram, dopamine, epinephrine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, venlafaxine, pseudoephedrine, tramadol
Headache, insomnia, thrombocytopenia, myelosuppression, optic nerve disorder, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhoea, nausea, Hypersensitivity to linezolid myelosuppression, vomiting, constipation, rash, dizziness, fever
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Citalopram, dopamine, epinephrine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, venlafaxine, pseudoephedrine, tramadol Citalopram, dopamine, epinephrine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, venlafaxine, pseudoephedrine, tramadol
Linezolid 20 mg/ml Suspension
Zyvox
Linezolid 600 mg Tablet
Zyvox
Monitor full blood count (FBC) in patients with preexisting myelosuppression, increased bleeding risk MRSA patients with severe sepsis requiring intensive CHILD: 10 mg/kg 3 times daily. PREMATURE or who receive medications that may decrease care and not clinically responding to vancomycin NEONATES less than 7 days: 10 mg/kg twice daily haemoglobin levels, platelet count or function or who received linezolid for more than 2 weeks. Pregnancy Monitor FBC in patients with pre-existing ADULT: 600 mg twice daily for 10-14 days. CHILD :10 myelosuppression, increased bleeding risk or who MRSA patient with severe sepsis requiring intensive mg/kg 3 times daily. PREMATURE NEONATES less receive medications that may decrease care and not clinically responding to vancomycin. than 7 days: 10 mg/kg twice daily haemoglobin levels, platelet count or who received linezolid for more than 2 weeks
Headache, insomnia, thrombocytopenia, myelosuppression, optic nerve disorder, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhoea, nausea, Hypersensitivity to linezolid myelosuppression, vomiting, constipation, rash, dizziness, fever
Liquid Paraffin
Lithium Carbonate 300 mg Tablet
Loperamide 2 mg Capsule
Imodium
Headache, insomnia, thrombocytopaenia, myelosuppression, optic and peripheral neuropathy.diarrhea , nausea, myelosuppression, vomiting, constipation, rash, dizziness, fever Anal seepage of paraffin and consequent anal irritation after prolonged use, granulomatous ADULT 10-30 ml daily at night but should not be taken Avoid prolong use, patients with with recent change reactions caused by absorption of small Constipation immediately before going to bed. CHILD not of bowel habits or suspected bowel malignancy and quantities of liquid paraffin, lipoid pneumonia recommended rectal bleeding and interference with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins Cardiovascular insufficiency, elderly, electrolyte Gastrointestinal effect, vertigo, dazed feeling, imbalance, current infection, impaired renal fine hand tremor, polyuria, drowsiness, muscle function, volume depletion, thyroid disorder, CAD, i) Prophylaxis and treatment of acute mania and weakness, anorexia, dry mouth, fatigue, 1800 mg/day in 2-3 divided doses, desired serum myasthaenia gravis, pregnancy and lactation. hypomania episodes ii)Prophylaxis of manic seizures, leucocytosis, goitre, coma. lithium level ranging between 0.4-1 mmol/litre. Monitor serum levels cardiac, renal and thyroid depression in bipolar illness or bipolar depression and Exacerbation of psoriasis, acne, rash, nausea, Maintenance 900-1200 mg/day in 2-3 divided doses function regularly. Maintain adequate fluid intake. recurrent depression diarrhoea, vertigo,loss of concentration, Avoid alcohol. May impair ability to perform skilled tremors, hypothyroidism, weight gain, cardiac tasks. Discontinue temporarily 24 hours prior to arrhythmias; exophthalmos, restlessness major surgery Acute diarrhoea: ADULT: 4 mg stat, followed by 2 mg Hepatic dysfunction, acute dysentery, acute Abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, vomiting, after each unformed stool (up to 5 days). Usual 6- 8 Adjunct to rehydration in acute diarrhoea in adult also ulcerative colitis with abdominal distension toxic megacolon, dry mouth, drowsiness, mg daily. Max: 16 mg daily. Chronic diarrhoea: Initially in chronic diarrhoea in adult (discontinue use), children under 6 years, lactation dizziness, fatigue, skin reactions, abdominal 4-8 mg daily in divided doses, adjust according to and pregnancy bloating response. Max: 16 mg daily As second line protease inhibitor if intolerant to indinavir/ ritonavir as part of HAART regimen Management of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic (early or advanced) HIV Infection with CD4 cell counts Allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria and other allergic dermatological disorders Allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatoses ADULT and CHILD with BSA greater than 1.4 m2 or body weight 40kg and over: 2 tablets twice daily Dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia, Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, haemophilia, hypercholesterolemia, increased triglycerides, pregnancy, diabetes, pancreatitis diarrhoea, nausea, headache, pain, insomnia
Hypersensitivity to linezolid
Nausea, vomiting, undiagnosed abdominal pain, pregnancy, difficulty swallowing, bedridden May impair the absorption of fat soluble vitamin patients, children less than 3 years
Diuretics, steroids, haloperidol, fluphentixol, diazepam, methyldopa, tetracyclines, Renal insufficiency, Addison's disease, phenytoin, carbamazepine, Lithium toxicity with untreated hypothyrodism, lactation, delibated or ACE inhibitors, caffeine, COX2 inhibitors, dehydrated patient, pregnancy, disturbed metronidazole, non-depolarising neuromuscular electrolyte balance, major surgery blockers, NSAIDs, potassium iodide, SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants
Children lessthan 2 years of age, hypersentivity Increased risk of severe constipation when to the drug. Infective or antibiotic induced colitis used with opioid analgesics Antiarrhythmias, anticonvulsant, antihistamines, Hypersensitivity to lopinavir or ritonavir, benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, concomitant use with drugs that are highly cisapride, clarithromycin, dexamethasone, dependent on CYP3A or CYP2D6 for clearance disulfiram, didanosine Antiarrhythmias, anticonvulsant, antihistamines, Hypersensitivity to lopinavir or ritonavir, benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, concomitant use with drugs that are highly cisapride, clarithromycin, dexamethasone, dependent on CYP3A or CYP2D6 for clearance disulfiram, didanosine Hypersensitivity to loratadine Cimetidine, erythromycin, ketoconazole and other hepatic enzyme inhibitors Cimetidine, erythromycin, ketoconazole and other hepatic enzyme inhibitors Loratadine is metabolised by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Therefore concomitant administration of other drugs that inhibit or are metabolised by these hepatic enzymes may result in changes in plasma concentrations of either drug, bromocriptine, hydrocodone, selegiline Theophylline, decreased benzodiazepine effectiveness. Valproic acid, increased lorazepam concentrations. Clozapine, alcohol or central nervous system depressants, will give additive central nervous system depression effect. Contraceptive, decreased lorazepam effect. Rifampicin, decreased effect of lorazepam. Digoxin, increased serum digoxin concentrations
Lopinavir 200 mg and Ritonavir 50 mg Tablet
Kaletra
Lopinavir/Ritonavir Oral Solution
Kaletra
12 mg/kg twice daily for those 7 - 15 kg and 10mg/kg Dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, twice daily for those 15 - 40 kg taken with food, up to a Hepatic impaiment, renal impairment, haemophilia, hypercholesterolemia, increased triglycerides, maximum dose of 533 mg Lopinavir/13.3mg Ritonavir pregnancy, diabetes, pancreatitis diarrhoea, nausea, headache, pain, insomnia in children greater than 45 kg (5 ml) twice daily ADULT and CHILD over 6 years : 10 mg once daily. CHILD 2 - 6 years: 5 mg once daily ADULT and CHILD over 6 years 10 mg once daily. CHILD 2 - 6 years: 5 mg once daily Impaired liver and renal function (use lower dose). Should not take with alcohol and avoid operating vehicle and machinery Impaired liver and renal function (use lower dose). Should not take with alcohol and avoid operating vehicle and machinery Avoid in hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency (use lower initial dose), pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, increased intraocular pressure, hyperthyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing peptic ulcer, elderly, lactating, prostatic hypertrophy Headache, nervousness, sedation
Loratadine 1 mg/ml Syrup
Clarityne
Loratadine 10 mg Tablet
Clarityne
Headache, sedation, nervousness
Hypersensitivity to loratadine Narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, severe coronary artery disease, severe hypertension, concomitant therapy with MAOIs or within 10 days of continuing such treatment, hyperthyroidism, hepatic and renal impairment, hypersensitivity to loratadine or pseudoephedrine Respiratory depression, acute pulmonary insufficiency, sleep apnoea syndrome, severe hepatic impairment, myasthenia gravis, phobic or obsessional states, depression or anxiety with depression, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
Loratadine 5 mg and Pseudoephedrine Sulphate 120 mg Tablet
Clarinase
For treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatoses
ADULT and CHILD over 12 years 1 tablet twice daily
Headache, nervousness, dizziness, tachycardia, rhinitis, pruritis, acne, insomnia, fatigue, pharyngitis, somnolence, nausea, palpitations, tachycardia
Lorazepam 1 mg Tablet
Ativan
i) Severe anxiety ii) Insomnia
Concomitant use of central nervous system drugs such as phenothiazines, narcotic analgesics, barbiturates, antidepressants, scopolamine and i) 1 - 4 mg increase to 10 mg daily in divided doses. MAOIs; elderly and debilitated patients, patients ELDERLY (or delibitated) half adult dose ii) 1 - 2 mg at with a limited pulmonary reserve, doses exceeding bedtime Not recommended in children 2 mg/day in geriatric patients or debilitated patients, not recommended in patients with primary depressive disorder or psychosis. Potential for drug abuse, impaired liver/renal function Hypertension: Usual starting and maintenance dose: 50 mg once daily. Maximum increasing the dose to 100 mg once daily. Patients with intravascular volumedepletion starting dose of 25 mg once daily. Renal protection in Type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria and hypertension, starting dose: 50 mg once daily, may be increased to 100 mg once daily based on blood pressure response
Fatigue, hypotension, ataxia, respiratory depression, sedation, confusion, depression, headache, nausea, tremor, urinary retention, vertigo, withdrawal syndrome, bradycardia, dependence or abuse
Losartan 50 mg Tablet
Cozaar
Patients intolerant of ACE inhibitors, only in the treatment of i) Hypertensive patient with left ventricular hypertrophy ii) Hypertension in diabetics with proteinuria or nephropathy
Angioedema: intravascular volume depletion (eg those treated with high-dose diuretics), electrolyte imbalance: lower dose should be considered for patients with a history of hepatic impairment, changes in renal function including renal failure Angioedema, headache, dizziness, cough may occur in susceptible individuals. Blood urea and serum creatinine may be increased in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a solitary kidney, lactation, children
Hypersensitivity to losartan, pregnancy
Fluconazole, lithium, rifampicin
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Angioedema. Not recommended for hepatic impairment or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less or equal to 30 mL/min). Changes in renal function including renal failure may occur. Bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a solitary kidney. Hypotension and electrolyte or fluid imbalance may occur. Thiazide therapy may impair glucose tolerance, decrease urinary calcium excretion, intermittent and slight increases in serum calcium may occur, increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels, precipitate with or without a history of allergy or bronchial asthma. Thiazides have also been reported to exacerbate or activate systemic lupus erythematosus. Should not be initiated in patients with intravascular volume depletion (eg those treated with high dose diuretics), black patients, lactation, children Angioedema. Not recommended for hepatic impairment or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min). Changes in renal function including renal failure may occur. Bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a solitary kidney. Hypotension and electrolyte or fluid imbalance may occur. Thiazide therapy may impair glucose tolerance, decrease urinary calcium excretion, intermittent and slight increases in serum calcium may occur increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels, precipitate with or without a history of allergy or bronchial asthma. Thiazides have also been reported to exacerbate or activate systemic lupus erythematosus. Should not be initiated in patients with intravascular volume depletion (eg those treated with high dose diuretics), black patients, lactation, children Heavy alcohol use, history of liver disease. Discontinue therapy if serum transaminase levels rise to 3 times upper limit of normal and are persistent. This class of drug has been known to cause myopathy and renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant administration of fibrates, niacin, ciclosporin or erythromycin may increase the risk of myopathy Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Losartan Potassium 100 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Tablet
Hyzaar
Hypertension in patients who cannot tolerate ACE 1 tablet once daily, may increase to maximum dose inhibitors because of cough, hypertensive patient with losartan 100 mg/ hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once left ventricular hypertrophy daily
Dizziness, asthenia and fatigue, vertigo. Anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, vasculitis including Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hepatitis, diarrhoea, cough, urticaria, erythroderma, oedema, palpitations, headache, electrolyte abnormalities, abdominal pain, nausea, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, upper respiratory infection, skin rash, back pain
Hypersensitivity including to other sulfonamidederived drugs, anuria. When used during second and third trimesters, drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause foetal injury and death. Discontinue as soon as possible if pregnancy is detected
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcitriol, chlorpropamide, cholestyramine, corticotropin, cortisone, diazoxide, digitalis glycosides, diuretics, droperidol, hydrocortisone, indomethacin, liquorice, lithium, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, propranolol, tolbutamide, triamcinolone
Losartan Potassium 50 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Tablet
Hyzaar
Hypertension in patients who cannot tolerate ACE 1 tablet once daily, may increase to maximum dose inhibitors because of cough, hypertensive patient with losartan 100 mg/ hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once left ventricular hypertrophy daily
Dizziness, asthenia and fatigue, vertigo. Anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, vasculitis including Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hepatitis, diarrhoea, cough, urticaria, erythroderma, oedema, palpitations, headache, electrolyte abnormalities, abdominal pain, nausea, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, upper respiratory infection, skin rash, back pain
Hypersensitivity including to other sulfonamidederived drugs, anuria. When used during second and third trimesters, drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause foetal injury and death. Discontinue as soon as possible if pregnancy is detected
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcitriol, chlorpropamide, cholestyramine, corticotropin, cortisone, diazoxide, digitalis glycosides, diuretics, droperidol, hydrocortisone, indomethacin, liquorice, lithium, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, propranolol, tolbutamide, triamcinolone
Lovastatin 20 mg Tablet
Mevacor
Hypercholesterolaemia and coronary heart disease
Gastrointestinal upsets, headache, skin rashes, fatigue, pruritis, dry mouth, sleep disorders. Pregnancy, liver disease, hypersensitivity to Rarely, hepatitis, hypersensitivity syndrome, lovastatin, lactation erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis Prolonged or repeated use may damage the surrounding skin
Use with caution with coumarin anticoagulants and with immunosuppressive drugs, gemfibrozil or niacin (as a lipid lowering agent) or erythromycin. Itraconazole
Magnesium Sulphate 45% Paste
Inflammatory skin conditions such as boils and carbuncles Treatment and prophylaxis of hypomagnesaemia. Prevention and treatment of life-threatening seizures in the treatment of toxemias of pregnancy (preeclampsia and eclampsia)
Apply under dressing ADULT 5-10 ml by IM. CHILD 20-40 mg/kg body weight as a 20% solution by IM. Hypomagnesaemia: 0.5-1 mmol/kg body weight up to 160 mmol magnesium over to 5 days. Eclampsia: IV 4 g over up to 20 minutes followed by IV infusion at rate of 1 g every hour. Recurrent seizures may require an additional IV bolus of 2-4 g (4 g if body weight over 70 kg)
Hypersensitivity to magnesium sulfate
Not known
Magnesium Sulphate 50% Injection
Hypotension, flushing, sweating, depression of reflexes, flaccid paralysis, hypothermia, Impaired renal function and those receiving digitalis circulatory collapse, depression of cardiac glycosides. Pregnancy and lactation. Product function, central nervous system depression, Heart block, myocardial damage contains aluminum therefore increasing the risk of abnormal ECG, heart block, hypotension, aluminum toxicity vasodilatation, blood coagulation disorder with prolonged bleeding time Renal impairment-nonabsorbable calcium, magnesium or aluminum preparations such as Diarrhoea, systemic alkalosis has been antacids or laxatives should not be used in patients reported when administered orally with cationreceiving oral cation-exchange resins. Alternatively, exchange resins the interaction may be avoided by administering the resin as an enema Renal impairment Diarrhoea
Additive central depressant effects with central nervous system depressants. Neuromuscular blocking agents, cardiac glycosides, nifedipine
Magnesium Trisilicate Mixture
Heartburn, dyspepsia
10-20 ml 3-4 times daily before meals
Acute surgical abdomen, hypersensitivity to antacids, hypophosphataemia
Major: sodium polystyrene sulfonate (advoid). Moderate: tetracyclines, ketoconazole, itraconazole, dipyridamole, quinolones, captopril, iron and aspirin (adjust frequency interval) Tetracyclines, ketoconazole, itraconazole, dipyridamole, quinolones, captopril, iron and aspirin
Magnesium Trisilicate Tablet
Heartburn, dyspepsia
ADULT 1-2 tablet to be chewed up to 6 times a day before meals. CHILD over 6 years one tablet to be taken 3-4 times a day
Hypersensitivity to antacids, hypophosphataemia
Magnesium, Aluminium Hydroxide and Simethicone Suspension
Maalox Plus
As a buffering agent for reconstituting didanosine powder for oral administration so as to prevent acid degradation of didanosine which is used for the treatment of paediatric patients (more than 6 months old) with symptomatic HIV infection
Aluminium hydroxide may react with phosphate to form insoluble aluminium phosphate. This can be DDI should be mixed with water and diluted with the overcome by regular intake of milk or phosphorus Gastrointestinal disturbances (constipation or appropriate dose of antacids to a final concentration of supplements. Elevated serum magnesium ion diarrhoea), hypophosphatemia, seizures 10 mg per ml concentration may cause central nervous system (serious) depression. Impaired bowel motility, gastrointestinal obstruction, upper gastrointestinal bleeding Wet hair, apply shampoo and work up lather. Leave for 15 minutes and rinse, comb. Repeat if necessary after 7 - 9 days 0.25- 2 g/kg IV of a 15% to 25% solution over 30-60 minutes. Safety and efficacy not established in children under 12 years of age May cause eye irritation and systemic absorption. Keep preparation and medicated hair away from heat or flame Cardiopulmonary dysfunction, renal dysfunction. An in-line filter should be used during intravenous administration. Maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance. Monitor urinary output. Renal dysfunction and solutions should be examined for crystals before use. Solutions of 15% and 20% should always be filtered
Severe debilitation, kidney failure
Inhibits absorption of tetracyclines, vitamin
Malathion 1 % Shampoo
Lice infestation
Acute renal insufficiency has been described in Neonates and infants. Known sensitivity to one patient associated with excessive exposure malathion or any of the vehicle ingredients to a malathion spray Hyperkalaemia, diarrhoea, renal failure, acidosis, pulmonary oedema, seizure, thrombophlebitis, urinary retention
Not known
Mannitol 10% Injection (10 g/100 ml) -
Cerebral oedema
Anuria, pulmonary oedema/congestion, severe Lithium toxicity (with diuretic induce chronic heart failure, intracranial bleeding, renal hyponatraemia) damage/dysfunction (after initiation of mannitol)
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Mannitol 20% Injection (20 g/100 ml) -
Cerebral oedema
0.25- 2 g/kg IV of a 15% to 25% solution over 30-60 minutes. Safety and efficacy not established in children under 12 years of age
Cardiopulmonary dysfunction, renal dysfunction. An in-line filter should be used during intravenous administration. Maintain proper fluid and electrolyte Hyperkalaemia, diarrhoea, renal failure, balance. Monitor urinary output. Renal dysfunction acidosis, pulmonary oedema, seizure, thrombophlebitis, urinary retention and solutions should be examined for crystals before use. Solutions of 15% and 20% should always be filtered Hypersensitivity to egg protein and allergy to neomycin Hyperthermia, mild mobiliform skin lesion
Anuria, pulmonary oedema/congestion, severe Lithium toxicity (with diuretic induce chronic heart failure, intracranial bleeding, renal hyponatraemia) damage/dysfunction (after initiation of mannitol) Congenital or acquired immune deficiency including HIV infection, children born to HIV Chemotherapeutic agents positive mothers. Recent injection of immunoglobulin Children with untreated malignant disease or altered immunity and those receiving immunosuppressive drugs or radiotherapy or Chemotherapeutic agents high-dose corticosteroids, allergies to neomycin, kanamycin, child who received another live vaccine by injection within 3 weeks. Pregnancy Cystic fibrosis, porphyria, paralytic ileus, Not known hypersensitivity to any component of formulation Hypersensitivity to meclozine May enhanced sedative effect of central depressants including alcohol Not known
Measle's Vaccine (Live Attenuated) Injection
Prophylaxis against measles and to prevent development of infection (if given within 72 hours of contact)
By SC or IM injection, 0.5 ml as a single dose at 12 15 months of age
Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine Live
M-M-R
For immunisation of children against measles, mumps Subcutaneous or by intramuscular injection, 0.5 ml and rubella
Not suitable for prophylaxis following exposure to mumps or rubella since the antibody response to the mumps and rubella components is too slow for effective prophylaxis
Malaise, fever, rash may occur following first dose of measle, mumps and rubella vaccine
Mebeverine HCl 135 mg Tablet
Duspatalin
Irritable bowel syndrome
135 mg 3 times daily
Hypersensitivity to mebeverine HCl, severe hepatic Dizziness, headache, nausea, peritonitis, skin insufficency, porphyria reactions Use with caution in prostatic hyperthrophy, urinary retention, glaucoma and pyloroduodenal obstruction, hepatic disease, severe heart failure, asthma. Avoid operating vehicles and machinery Drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance
Meclozine HCl 25 mg and Pyridoxine Navidoxine 50 mg Tablet Mecobalamin 500 mcg Tablet Methylcobal
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
1 - 2 tablet 2 - 3 times daily in severe cases
Peripheral neuropathies
Anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, pain and 1 tablet 3 times daily. The dosage should be adjusted Discontinue medication if there is no response after induration at IM injection site. Headache, according to age of patient and severity of symptoms taking orally for several months sweating or hot sensation i) 5-10 mg daily for 5-10 days. To produce optimum secretory transformation 10 mg daily for 10 days ii) 510 mg daily for 5-10 days on day 15-21 of menstrual Depressions, diabetes, epilepsy, migraine, asthma cycle. Optimum secretory transformation 10 mg daily for 10 days from day 15 of the cycle Examination of breast, pelvis and PAP smear before starting treatment. Diabetes, history of depression, cardiac dysfunction, ocular disorder, prolonged progestin therapy and bone mineral density loss Gastrointestinal distress, oedema, menstrual disorders, dermatologic effects, nausea, fatique, depression, acne, hirsutism, breast tenderness, thromboembolic phenomena, galactorrhoea, decreased glucose tolerance, anaphylaxis, corticoid like reaction (high doses) Vaginal bleeding, cholestatic jaundice, depression, fluid retention, weight gain, hirsutism, acne, visual abnormalities, nausea, fatigue, galactorrhea, amenorrhea and anovulation, decreased glucose tolerance, thromboembolic phenomena, anaphylaxis, corticoid-like activity (high doses)
Not known Thromboembolic disorders, liver disease, known or suspected malignancy of breast or genital organs, undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, known or suspected pregnancy, hypersensitivity to medroxyprogesterone products Hypersensitivity to medroxyprogesterone, thrombophlebitis, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, impaired liver function, pregnancy, known or suspected malignancy of breast or genital organs, missed abortion Thromboembolic disorders, liver disease, breast or genital cancer, undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, known or suspected pregnancy, hypersensitivity to medroxyprogesterone products Thromboembolic disorders, liver disease, known or suspected malignancy of breast or genital organs, undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, known or suspected pregnancy, hypersensitivity to medroxyprogesterone products Hypersensitivity to medroxyprogesterone, thrombophlebitis, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, impaired liver function, pregnancy, known or suspected malignancy of breast or genital organs, missed abortion
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 10 mg Provera/Farlutal Tablet
i) Secondary amenorrhoea ii) Abnormal uterine bleeding due to hormonal imbalance
Aminoglutethimide, rifampicin
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 100 mg Tablet
Provera/Farlutal
Breast carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, renal carcinoma
200-500 mg orally daily
Aminoglutethimide, alprazolam, bexarotane, nevirapine, rifampicin
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 150 mg/3 ml Injection
Provera/Farlutal
Prevention of pregnancy and to provide long term contraception
To be administered every 3 month
Depression, epilepsy, migraine, asthma, diabetes, cardiac or renal dysfunction, fluid retention, thromboembolic disorders, cerebral apoplexy
Gastrointestinal distress, oedema, menstrual disorders, dermatologic effects
Concurrent use with aminoglutethimide may result in decreased medroxyprogesterone efficacy. Concurrent use with nevirapine may result in loss of contraceptive efficacy. Concurrent use with succinylcholine may result in prolongation of neuromuscular blockade
Provera/Farlutal
i) Secondary amenorrhoea ii) Abnormal uterine bleeding due to hormonal imbalance
i) 5-10 mg daily for 5-10 days. To produce optimum secretory transformation 10 mg daily for 10 days ii) 510 mg daily for 5-10 days on day 15-21 of menstrual Depressions, diabetes, epilepsy, migraine, asthma cycle. Optimum secretory transformation 10 mg daily for 10 days from day 15 of the cycle Examination of breast, pelvis and PAP smear before starting treatment. Diabetes, history of depression, cardiac dysfunction, ocular disorder, prolonged progestin therapy and bone mineral density loss
Gastrointestinal distress, oedema, menstrual disorders, dermatologic effects, nausea, fatique, depression, acne, hirsutism, breast tenderness, thromboembolic phenomena, galactorrhoea, decreased glucose tolerance, anaphylaxis, corticoid like reaction (high doses)
Aminoglutethimide, rifampicin
Provera/Farlutal
Breast carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, renal carcinoma
Mefenamic Acid 250 mg Capsule
Ponstan
Mefenamic Acid 250 mg Tablet
Ponstan
Vaginal bleeding, cholestatic jaundice, depression, fluid retention, weight gain, hirsutism, acne, visual abnormalities, nausea, 200-500 mg orally daily fatigue, galactorrhea, amenorrhea and anovulation, decreased glucose tolerance, thromboembolic phenomena, anaphylaxis, corticoid-like activity (high doses) Diarrhoea, skin rash, allergic, ADULT: 250 - 500 mg 3 times daily after meals. Elderly, renal impairment, asthmatic sensitive to glomerulonephritis, non-oliguric renal failure, CHILD over 6 months: 6.5 - 25 mg/kg daily 3 - 4 times NSAIDs or salicylates, pregnancy, increased risk of thrombocytopenia, reversible haemolytic daily for not longer than 7 days except in juvenile serious cardivascular thrombotic events, anaemia, hypertension, oedema, myocardial arthritis myocardial infarction infarction Diarrhoea, skin rash, allergic, ADULT: 250 - 500 mg 3 times daily after meals. Elderly, renal impairment, asthmatic sensitive to glomerulonephritis, non-oliguric renal failure, CHILD over 6 months: 6.5 - 25 mg/kg daily 3 - 4 times NSAIDs or salicylates, pregnancy, increased risk of thrombocytopenia, reversible haemolytic daily for not longer than 7 days except in juvenile serious cardivascular thrombotic events, anaemia, hypertension, oedema, myocardial arthritis myocardial infarction infarction Treatment of malaria : ADULT and CHILD 25 mg/kg usually given over 2-3 days. Prophylaxis of malaria : ADULT 250 mg once a week. CHILD over 5 kg : 5 mg/kg once a week; prophylaxis should start 1-3 weeks before departure and continue for 4 weeks after last exposure
Aminoglutethimide, alprazolam, bexarotane, nevirapine, rifampicin
Gastrointestinal ulceration or inflammatory bowel disease, renal/hepatic impairment
Alendronate, ACEIs, antacids, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blocker, ciclosporin, diuretics, methotrexate, sulphonylureas, warfarin Alendronate, ACEIs, antacids, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blocker, ciclosporin, diuretics, methotrexate, sulphonylureas, warfarin Quinine or related compounds, cardioactive agents eg beta-blockers, oral live typhoid vaccines, amiodarone, astemizole, chloral hydrate, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, clarithromycin, enflurane, erythromycin, fluconazole, fluoxetine, haloperidol, halothane, isoflurane, octreotide, prochlorperazine, propranolol, quetiapine, quinidine, quinine, risperidone, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, vasopressin
Gastrointestinal ulceration or inflammatory bowel disease, renal/hepatic impairment
Mefloquine HCl 250 mg Tablet
Lariam
For multi-drug resistant cases of malaria only
Impaired liver function, cardiac conduction diseases, pregnancy, lactation, young children, epilepsy and psychiatric disorders
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, loss of balance, headache, somnolence, sleep disorders, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anorexia, Hypersensitivity, history of psychosis or neurological and psychiatric disturbances. convulsions Rarely, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, atrioventricular block and encephalopathy
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, pruritis, skin rash, constipation. Vomiting, flatulence, diarrhoea, anaemia, pruritus, lightheadedness, headache, oedema Bone marrow depression, mild gastrointestinal effects, diarrhoea, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonitis, alopecia, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, secondary malignancy Bone marrow depression, mild gastrointestinal effects, diarrhoea, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonitis, alopecia, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, secondary malignancy Temporary hyperthermia and mild erythema at injection site
Contraindications
Active peptic ulceration, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to NSAIDs or aspirin, severe hepatic insufficiency, non-dialysed severe renal insufficiency. Children less than 15 year
Interactions
NSAIDs, salicylates, oral anticoagulants, ticlopidine, heparin, thrombolytics, lithium, methotrexate, IUD, diuretics, antihypertensives, cholestyramine, ciclosporin
Meloxicam 7.5 mg Tablet
Mobic
History of gastrointestinal disease, liver cirrhosis, i) initially 7.5 mg daily. May be increased to 15 mg dehydration. Chronic heart failure, nephrotic Only for patients not responding to other NSAIDs in daily ii) initially 15 mg daily. May be reduced to 7.5 mg syndrome, overt renal disease, recent major the treatment of i) painful osteoarthritis ii) rheumatoid daily. Maximum 15 mg daily. Child under 12 years not surgical procedures. Withdraw if peptic ulceration arthritis recommended or gastrointestinal bleeding occurs. Concomitant anticoagulant or diuretic treatment. Elderly i) Multiple myeloma ii) Neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma iii) Recurrent neuroblastoma (palliative) i) 8 - 10 mg/m2 for 4 days every 4 weeks ii) 10 - 35 mg/m2 once every month For dose regimes, refer to protocols Use with caution in renal impairment and elderly. Dose adjustment with blood count. To be taken on empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
Melphalan 2 mg Tablet
Alkeran
Lactation, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to melphalan, severe myelosuppression
Ciclosporine, steroid, cimetidine Phenytoin, clozapine, ciclosporin, digoxin, nalidixic acid, trastuzumab, natalizumab, leflunomide, Vitamin K Antagonists, Vaccines Inactivated or live, cisplatin, carmustine, alpha interferons
Melphalan 50 mg Injection
High dose conditioning therapy for stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma Immunisation against meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitis Group A, Group C, Group Y or Group W-135 Treatment of infertility where clomifene has fail or stimulation of follicle growth as part of an assisted reproductive technology (ART)
200 mg/ m2 IV infusions in divided doses for Day 1 to Use with caution in renal impairment and elderly. day 3 followed by IV infusions of autologous stem Dose adjustment with blood count cells Prophylaxis: 0.5 ml subcutaneously Infants less than 18 months have a lower rate of seroconversion to C, Y and W135 Discontinue if the ovaries become enlarged or abdominal pain occurs. Special care should be exercised to monitor for pregnancy. During ovulation induction therapy and for a two week period after therapy, patients should be examined every other day for signs of excessive ovarian stimulation. Multiple births can occur Discontinue if the ovaries become enlarged or abdominal pain occurs. Special care should be exercised to monitor for pregnancy. During ovulation induction therapy and for a two-week period after therapy, patients should be examined every other day for signs of excessive ovarian stimulation. Multiple births can occur Discontinue if the ovaries become enlarged or abdominal pain occurs. Special care should be exercised to monitor for pregnancy. During ovulation induction therapy and for a two-week period after therapy, patients should be examined every other day for signs of excessive ovarian stimulation. Multiple births can occur Not known
Lactation, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to melphalan, severe myelosuppression
Meningococcal A, C, Y, W 135 Vaccine Injection
Hypersensitivity to thiomersal or any component Decreased effect with administration of of the form immunoglobulin within 1 month Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, intracranial bleeding, adrenal or thyroid disorders, preexisting ovarian cysts or enlargement, primary ovarian or testicular failure, pituitary tumor, pregnancy
Menotrophin 150 IU Injection (Follicle Stimulating Hormone 150 IU and Luteinizing Hormone 150 IU)
SC or IM injection according to patients response
Adnexal torsion (with ovarian enlargement), ovarian cysts, flu like symptoms, pulmonary or vascular complications
Not known
Menotrophin 75 IU Injection (Follicle Stimulating Hormone 75 IU and Luteinizing Hormone 75 IU)
Treatment of infertility where clomifene has fail or stimulation of follicle growth as part of an assisted reproductive technology (ART)
SC or IM Injection according to patient's response
Adnexal torsion (with ovarian enlargement), ovarian cysts, flu-like symptoms, pulmonary/ vascular complications
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, intracranial bleeding, adrenal/thyroid disorders, preexisting ovarian cysts/enlargement, primary Not known ovarian/testicular failure, pituitary tumor, pregnancy Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, intracranial bleeding, adrenal/thyroid disorders, preexisting ovarian cysts/enlargement, primary Not known ovarian/testicular failure, pituitary tumor, pregnancy Not known Not known
Menotrophin, Highly Purified 75 IU Injection (Follicle Stimulating Hormone 75 IU and Luteinizing Hormone 75 IU)
Menopur
Treatment of infertility where clomifene has fail or stimulation of follicle growth as part of an assisted reproductive technology (ART)
SC or IM injection according to patients response
Adnexal torsion (with ovarian enlargement), ovarian cysts, flu-like symptoms, pulmonary/ vascular complications Hypersentivity reactions including contact dermatitis
Menthol 1.6% in Industrial Methylated Spirit Inhalation
Decongestion of the upper respiratory tract
As directed for local use
Mercaptopurine 50 mg Tablet
Puri-Nethol
Meropenem 1 g Injection
Meronem
Meropenem 500 mg Injection
Meronem
Dose reduction with an abnormal liver or renal function. Myelosuppression (temporarily ADULT: Maintenance therapy: 60 - 75 mg/m2 body discontinue treatment with an abnormally large fall i) Langerhan's cell histocytosis ii) Acute lymphoblastic surface area once daily. Adjust doses depending on in any formed blood element), inherited deficiency leukaemia iii) Acute promyelocytic leukaemia APML peripheral blood counts. CHILD: 2.5 mg/kg body of the enzyme thioguanine methyltransferase (maintenance) weight or 25 - 100 mg/m2 body surface area once (TPMT), hepatotoxicity, reduce dosage when daily according to protocol. Refer to protocols administered with allopurinol, pregnancy. Take on an empty stomach History of hypersensitivity to carbapenems or other beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillins and i. Emperical treatment for presume infections in cephalosporins. Monitor transaminase and bilirubin patients (adult and children) with febrile neutropenia, levels when used in hepatic disease. Not ADULT: 0.5 - 1g 3 times daily, CHILD: 10 - 20 mg/kg 3 used as monotherapy or in combination with antirecommended for MRSA infections. Consider times daily (except meningitis 40 mg/kg) virals or antifungal agent ii. Septicaemia iii. Serious diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis in patients infections in renal impaired patients who develop diarrhoea. Critically ill patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Pregnancy and lactation History of hypersensitivity to carbapenems or other beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillins and i. Emperical treatment for presume infections in cephalosporins. Monitor transaminase and bilirubin patients (adult and children) with febrile neutropenia, levels when used in hepatic disease. Not ADULT: 0.5 - 1g 3 times daily, CHILD: 10 - 20 mg/kg 3 used as monotherapy or in combination with antirecommended for MRSA infections. Consider times daily (except meningitis 40 mg/kg) virals or antifungal agent ii. Septicaemia iii. Serious diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis in patients infections in renal impaired patients who develop diarrhoea. Critically ill patients with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection. Pregnancy and lactation Ulcerative colitis : 1 g suppository insert rectally once daily at bedtime. The dose may be increased to 500 mg 3 times daily if the response is inadequate after 2 Inflammatory bowel disease of ulcerative colitis and weeks of therapy. To achieve maximum benefit, it is Crohn's disease. Only for patients who cannot tolerate Pregnancy, lactation, elderly recommended that the suppository be retained in the or do not respond to Sulfasalazine rectum for a minimum of 1 to 3 hours or longer. The usual course of therapy, depending upon response, may last from 3 to 6 weeks. CHILD not recommended
Bone marrow depression, nausea and vomiting, Lactation, pregnancy, severe bone marrow hepatotoxicity, rash, hyperpigmentation, suppression, severe liver disease, hyperuricaemia hypersensitivity to mercaptopurine
Allopurinol, methotrexate, warfarin, decreased anticoagulant effectiveness, sulfasalazine
Local injection site reactions, rash, pruritus, urticaria, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, paraesthesia, oral and vaginal candidiasis, reversible thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
Hypersensitivity to meronem, carbapenems, penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics
Probenecid, valproic acid, typhoid vaccine
Local injection site reactions, rash, pruritus, urticaria, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, paraesthesia, oral and vaginal candidiasis, reversible thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
Hypersensitivity to meronem, carbapenems, penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics
Probenecid, valproic acid, typhoid vaccine
Mesalazine 1 g Suppository
Salofalk
Allergic exanthema, drug fever, bronchospasm, Severe hepatic and renal function disorders, Sulfonylureas, coumarins, methotrexate, lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, hepatitis, active peptic ulcer, blood clotting abnormalities, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, frusemide, pancreatitis, hair loss salicylate hypersensitivity, babies and infants rifampicin
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Mesalazine 250 mg Suppository
Salofalk
Ulcerative colitis : 1 g suppository insert rectally once daily at bedtime. The dose may be increased to 500 mg 3 times daily if the response is inadequate after 2 Inflammatory bowel disease of ulcerative colitis and weeks of therapy. To achieve maximum benefit, it is Crohn's disease. Only for patients who cannot tolerate Pregnancy, lactation, elderly recommended that the suppository be retained in the or do not respond to Sulfasalazine rectum for a minimum of 1 to 3 hours or longer. The usual course of therapy, depending upon response, may last from 3 to 6 weeks. CHILD not recommended Inflammatory bowel disease of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Only for patients who cannot tolerate or do not respond to Sulfasalazine Inflammatory bowel disease of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Only for patients who cannot tolerate or do not respond to Sulfasalazine Inflammatory bowel disease of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Only for patients who cannot tolerate or do not respond to Sulfasalazine For prevention of urotoxic effects of oxazaphosphorines e.g. ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide ADULT: 250 - 500 mg 3 - 4 times daily for 3 - 6 weeks. Pregnancy, lactation, elderly CHILD up 2 years with Crohn's disease: 20 - 30 mg/daily in divided doses ADULT: 250 - 500 mg 3 - 4 times daily for 3 - 6 weeks. Pregnancy, lactation, elderly CHILD up 2 years with Crohn's disease: 20 - 30 mg/daily in divided doses 60 ml (4g) at bedtime, retained overnight, approximately 8 hours IV injection at a dosage of 20% of the corresponding oxazaphosphorine dose at the times 0 hour (concurrently with the oxazaphosphorine), 4 hours and 8 hours thereafter. CHILD: Dose given at greater frequency (e.g. 6 times) and a shorter intervals (e.g. 3 hours) Pregnancy, lactation, elderly Do not use multi-dose vial in infants and neonates due to benzyl alcohol content, patients treated with mesna may have false positive test for urinary ketones, pregnancy
Allergic exanthema, drug fever, bronchospasm, Severe hepatic and renal function disorders, Sulfonylureas, coumarins, methotrexate, lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, hepatitis, active peptic ulcer, blood clotting abnormalities, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, frusemide, pancreatitis, hair loss salicylate hypersensitivity, babies and infants rifampicin
Mesalazine 250 mg Tablet
Salofalk
Mesalazine 500 mg Tablet
Salofalk
Mesalazine 6.67% w/w Enema
Salofalk
Allergic exanthema, drug fever, bronchospasm, lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, hepatitis, pancreatitis, hair loss Allergic exanthema, drug fever, bronchospasm, lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, hepatitis, pancreatitis, hair loss Allergic exanthema, drug fever, bronchospasm, lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, hepatitis, pancreatitis, hair loss
Severe hepatic and renal function disorders, active peptic ulcer, blood clotting abnormalities, salicylate hypersensitivity, babies and infants Severe hepatic and renal function disorders, active peptic ulcer, blood clotting abnormalities, salicylate hypersensitivity, babies and infants Severe hepatic and renal function disorders, active peptic ulcer, blood clotting abnormalities, salicylate hypersensitivity, babies and infants
Mesna 400 mg/4 ml Injection
Uromitexan
Hypotension, nausea, vomiting, headache, limb pain, headache, gastrointestinal effects, skin Hypersensitivity to mesna/other thiol rash, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, transient drop compounds in blood pressure, increase in pulse rate
Sulfonylureas, coumarins, methotrexate, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, frusemide, rifampicin Sulfonylureas, coumarins, methotrexate, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, frusemide, rifampicin Sulfonylureas, coumarins, methotrexate, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, frusemide, rifampicin Warfarin: increased risk of bleeding. In vitro mesna is incompatible with cisplatin. The combination of an oxazaphosphorine cytostatic agent with mesna and cisplatin in the same infusion solution is not stable and is not to be used
Metformin 500 mg and Glibenclamide Glucovance 2.5 mg Tablet
As second-line therapy when diet, exercise and initial treatment with sulphonylurea or metformin do not One tablet twice daily, titrate up to a maximum daily result in adequate glycemic control in patients with dose of 2000 mg metformin/20 mg glibenclamide type 2 diabetes mellitus
Adrenal or pituitary insufficiency elderly, debilitated or malnourished patients, excessive alcohol intake, hypoxic states due to shock, acute chronic heart failure or acute myocardial infarction, lactic Hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, cobalamin acidosis, severe metabolic complication due to deficiency, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea accumulation of metformin, liver or renal disease, and vomiting, dizziness peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary disease, pregnancy or lactation, stress caused by infection, fever, trauma or surgery
Cationic drugs that are eliminated by renal tubular secretion. Thiazide and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, Renal disease or renal dysfunction, chronic phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment, calcium channel blockers and isoniazid may acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including produce hyperglycaemia and lead to loss of diabetic ketoacidosis with or without coma, glycaemic control. The hypoglycaemic action of hypersensitivity to metformin or glibenclamide sulphonylureas may be potentiated by NSAIDs and other highly protein-bound drugs, salicylates, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, probenecid, coumarins, MAOIs, -blockers, ciprofloxacin, oral miconazole Cationic drugs that are eliminated by renal tubular secretion. Thiazide and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, Renal disease or renal dysfunction, chronic phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment, calcium channel blockers and isoniazid may acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including produce hyperglycaemia and lead to loss of diabetic ketoacidosis with or without coma, glycaemic control. The hypoglycaemic action of hypersensitivity to metformin or glibenclamide sulphonylureas may be potentiated by NSAIDs and other highly protein-bound drugs, salicylates, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, probenecid, coumarins, MAOIs, -blockers, ciprofloxacin, oral miconazole Diabetic pre-coma, ketoacidosis, renal impairment, chronic liver disease, cardiac failure, hypoxaemia, history of lactic acidosis, acute alcohol intoxication, hypoxia Diabetic pre-coma, ketoacidosis, renal impairment, chronic liver disease, cardiac failure, hypoxaemia, history of lactic acidosis, acute alcohol intoxication, hypoxia Hypersensitivity to methadone, severe hepatic impairment, respiratory depression, obstructive airways disease, ulcerative colitis, concomitant administration with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 2 weeks of discontinuation Alcohol, sulfonylureas, cimetidine, anticoagulants
Metformin 500 mg and Glibenclamide Glucovance 5 mg Tablet
As second-line therapy when diet, exercise and initial treatment with sulphonylurea or metformin do not One tablet twice daily, titrate up to a maximum daily result in adequate glycemic control in patients with dose of 2000 mg metformin/20 mg glibenclamide type 2 diabetes mellitus
Adrenal or pituitary insufficiency elderly, debilitated or malnourished patients, excessive alcohol intake, hypoxic states due to shock, acute chronic heart failure or acute myocardial infarction, lactic Hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, cobalamin acidosis, severe metabolic complication due to deficiency, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea accumulation of metformin, liver or renal disease, and vomiting, dizziness peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary disease, pregnancy or lactation, stress caused by infection, fever, trauma or surgery
Metformin HCl 500 mg Extended Release Tablet
Glucophage XR
Diabetes mellitus who experienced gastrointestinal side effects with normal metformin
500 mg once daily. Maximum dose 2000 mg once daily with evening meal
Dehydration, serious infection or trauma, patients Metallic taste, epigastric discomfort, nausea, undergoing surgery, pregnancy, lactation, children. vomiting, decreased vitamin B12 absorption. Monitor serum B12 levels annually Rarely, diarrhoea, anorexia Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (usually Dehydration, serious infection or trauma, patients transient), abdominal pain, metalic taste, rarely undergoing surgery, pregnancy, lactation, children. lactic acidosis (withdraw treatment), decreased Monitor serum B12 levels annually vitamin-B12 absoption, erythema Constipation, nausea, vomiting, asthenia, dizziness, somnolence, cardiac arrest, disease of cardiovascular system, shock, respiratory arrest, respiratory depression, diaphoresis, constipation, sedation
Metformin HCl 500 mg Tablet
Glucophage
Diabetes mellitus
500 mg 3 times daily or 850 mg twice daily with food, maximum: 3 g daily in 3 divided doses
Alcohol, sulfonylureas, cimetidine, anticoagulants
Methadone 5mg/ml Syrup
Detoxification treatment of narcotic addiction
May cause dependence on prolonged use. Avoid alcoholic beverages, effects on ability to drive or 10 - 40 mg orally once daily. Increased by up to 10 mg operate machine. Methadone, even in low doses is daily (maximum increase 30 mg weekly) until no signs a special hazard for children, non-dependent adults of withdrawal or intoxication, usual dose range 60 are also at risk of toxicity and dependent adults are 120 mg daily. CHILD not recommended at risk if tolerance is incorrectly asessed during induction
Buprenorphine, didanosine, efavirenz, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, naltrexone, nevirapine, rifampin, risperidone, ritonavir, voriconazole, zidovudine
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Methotrexate 2.5 mg Tablet
i) Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia (maintenance) ii) Extensive plaque psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, connective tissue disease
Impaired renal function, pleural effusion, ascitis, poor nutritional status, myelosuppression, acute or chronic hepatotoxicity (elevated transaminases, fibrosis, cirrhosis), pulmonary toxicity (dry cough, i) ADULT: 20 mg/m2 weekly. CHILD: 20 - 30 mg/m2 pneumonitis), nephrotoxicity with high-dose weekly according to protocol ii) Relapsed acute therapy, patients with a creatinine clearance of less lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL): 100 mg/m2/day for 5 than 60 ml/minute should not receive high-dose days 6 weekly according to protocol iii) Dose used by methotrexate, high-dose or intrathecal dermatologist: 5 - 25 mg weekly. Liver biopsy after methotrexate therapy must not be formulated with cumulative dose of 1.5 gram and repeat liver biopsy diluents containing preservatives, women of childwith additional gram received. Maximum cumulative bearing potential, gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting, dose is 4 gram. Monitor full blood count (FBC), renal diarrhoea, stomatitis), tumour lysis syndrome in and liver function iv) Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic patients with rapidly growing tumors, severe and arthropathy: dose used by rheumatologist: 2.5 sometimes fatal skin reactions, potentially fatal mg/week orally starting dose, increasing to 7.5 - 20 infections (especially Pneumocystis carinii mg/weekly pneumonia), neurotoxicity (leukoencephalopathy, seizures), high-dose methotrexate therapy will generally require the use of leucovorin rescue, care should be taken in handling the body fluids of persons receiving antineoplastic agents i) 50 mg/m2 once every 2 - 3 weeks in combination with other drugs ii) 50 mg IV Day 1, 3, 5, 9 every 3 weeks. For high risk gestational trophoblastic disease, use 100 mg/m2 as part of EMA-CO regime iii) High dose regimes: 500 - 3000 mg/m2 per dose may be used, employing the 500 mg preparations. CHILD: Central nervous system prophylaxis for acute leukaemia 2 gm/m2 over 24 hours with folinic acid rescue, 3 doses for B-cell lineage. 4 doses for Tlineage all every 3 weeks. Relapse acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL): 1 gm/m2 over 36 hours with folinic acid rescue every 3 weeks for 9 doses, maintenance: 50 mg/m2 every 2 weeks. B-cell lymphoma: 3 gm/m2 over 3 hours with folinic acid rescue for three doses. Methotrexate level monitoring recommended when using high dose regimens. The 500 mg strength is not for intrathecal (IT) use. Dosage for intrathecal treatment and prophylaxis in leukaemia: less than 1 year: 5 mg, 1 - 2 years: 7.5 mg, 2 - 3 years: 10 mg, more than 3 years: 12.5 mg. IT preparation must be clearly stated/verified. ENSURE THAT PREPARATION IS SUITABLE FOR INTRATHECAL USE iv) Dose used by rheumatologist: 10 - 15 mg IM injection or oral weekly. Dose used by dermatologist: 10 - 25 mg IM injection weekly i) 50 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks in combination with other drugs (for this dose, use the 50 mg preparation) ii) 50 mg IV Day 1, 3, 5, 9 every 3 weeks. For high risk gestational trophoblastic disease, use 100 mg/m2 as part of EMA-CO regime iii) High dose regimes: 500 3000 mg/m2 per dose may be used, employing the 500 mg preparations. CHILD: Central nervous system prophylaxis for acute leukaemia 2 gm/m2 over 24 hours with folinic acid rescue, 3 doses for B-cell lineage. 4 doses for T-lineage all every 3 weeks. Relapse acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL): 1 gm/m2 over 36 hours with folinic acid rescue every 3 weeks for 9 doses, maintenance: 50 mg/m2 every 2 weeks. B-cell lymphoma: 3 gm/m2 over 3 hours with folinic acid rescue for three doses. Methotrexate level monitoring recommended when using high dose regimens. THE 500 MG STRENGTH IS NOT FOR INTRATHECAL USE Apply 0.1% lotion to area to be exposed to the UVA light ( need to dilute the 1% lotion to 0.1% lotion, otherwise the skin will burn)
Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, mucositis, transient abnormalities in serum levels of liver enzymes, acute hepatocellular injury (not common at standard dose), erythematous rash, pruritis, pigmentary changes, photosensitivity, acute renal failure (high dose), headache, drowsiness, dizziness, acute confusion (high dose), interstitial pneumonitis, myelosuppression, interstitial pneumonitis
Pregnancy, lactation, severe myelosuppression, serious renal and liver impairment, increase risk of toxicity in the presence of third space fluid (pleural effusion, ascites)
Alcohol, aminophenazone, amiodarone, amitriptyline, antibiotics, cisplatinum, ciclosporin, cytosine arabinoside, diclofenac, etoposide, etretinate, 5-fluorouracil, NSAIDs, salicylates, nephrotoxic drugs, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, teniposide, warfarin, folic acid
Methotrexate 50 mg Injection
i) Solid tumours ii) Gestational trophoblastic disease iii) Acute leukaemia/lymphomas iv) Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthropathy, severe/erythrodermic psoriasis
Patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 60 ml/minute, impaired renal function, pleural effusion, ascitis and poor nutritional status should not receive high-dose methotrexate. High-dose or intrathecal methotrexate therapy must NOT be formulated with diluents containing preservatives. High-dose methotrexate therapy requires the use of leucovorin rescue. Myelosuppression, acute or chronic hepatotoxicity (elevated transaminases, fibrosis, cirrhosis), pulmonary toxicity (dry cough, pneumonitis). Women of child-bearing potential, gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis), tumour lysis syndrome in patients with rapidly growing tumors, severe and sometimes fatal skin reactions, potentially fatal infections (especially pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), neurotoxicity (leukoencephalophathy, seizures), care should be taken in handling the body fluids of persons receiving antineoplastic agents
Methotrexate 500 mg/20 ml Injection -
i) Solid tumours ii) Gestational trophoblastic disease iii) Acute leukaemias, lymphomas
Patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 60 ml/minute, impaired renal function, pleural effusion, ascitis or poor nutritional status should not receive high-dose methotrexate. High-dose or intrathecal methotrexate therapy must NOT be formulated with diluents containing preservatives. High-dose methotrexate therapy requires the use of leucovorin rescue. Myelosuppression, acute or chronic hepatotoxicity (elevated transaminases, fibrosis, cirrhosis), pulmonary toxicity (dry cough, pneumonitis). Women of child-bearing potential, gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis), tumour lysis syndrome in patients with rapidly growing tumors, severe and sometimes fatal skin reactions, potentially fatal infections (especially Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), neurotoxicity (leukoencephalophathy, seizures), care should be taken in handling the body fluids of persons receiving antineoplastic agents
Methoxsalen 1% Lotion
Methoxsalen 1% Lotion
Repigmenting agent in vitiligo in conjuction with controlled doses of UVA or sunlight
Methoxsalen 10 mg Capsule
Meladinine
Protection before exposure to sunlight, psoriasis and vitiligo
0.2 - 0.6 mg/kg/body weight. For repigmentation of larger lesions (greater than 6 cm sq): 20 mg/day 2 hours before exposure. Take with food or milk
Methyl Salicylate 25% Ointment Methylcellulose 1% with 50 mg Vitamin C Eye Drops
Relief of pain associated with musculoskeletal To be applied to affected area discomfort To be used only for i) Post-operative cases with dry eye ii) Unconscious patients in critical care unit (CCU) 1 to 4 times daily depending on severity of cases with exposure keratitis
Hepatic insufficiency and diseases associated with photosensitivity. Idiosyncratic reactions to Erythema, pain of skin, pruritus, nausea, After each UVA treatment, thoroughly wash treated psoralens, specific history of light sensitive dizziness, headache, fatigue, neoplasm of skin, areas and protect from UVA disease, melanoma or history of melanoma, precancerous, hepatotoxicity invasive squamous cell carcinomas, aphakia. Children less than 12 years Breast feeding, exposure to sunlight or UVA History of idiosyncratic reactions to psoralens, radiation, ocular changes, patients with a history of history of light sensitive disease states (lupus Erythema, pruritus, headache, dizziness, previous arsenic exposure should be observed for erythematosus, porphyria cutanea tarda, fatigue, nausea, skin pain, hepatotoxicity, signs of carcinoma, patients with a history of erythropoietic protoporphyria, variegate precancerous changes previous radiation therapy or Grenz ray therapy porphyria, xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism). should be observed History of melanoma Extreme overdosage results in excessive Avoid contact with eyes, open wounds Patient with aspirin or salicylate idiosyncrasy irritation, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting Not known Not known Not known
Phenytoin may decreased methoxsalen effectiveness
Phenytoin may decreased methoxsalen effectiveness
Not known Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
250 mg 2 - 3 times daily, gradually increased at intervals of 2 or more days, maximum; 3 g/day. ELDERLY initially 125 mg twice daily, increased gradually, maximum; 2 g daily
Precautions
Avoid abrupt withdrawal, congestive heart failure, dialysis patients (risk of hypertension following procedure), oedema, haemolytic anaemia, hypotension, liver disease, severe bilateral cerebrovascular disease (risk of choreoathetotic movements) Haemolytic anaemia (Heinz-body anaemia) and hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates who had been exposed to methylene blue in the amniotic cavity. Do NOT administer by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. G6PD deficiency, renal impairment
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Methyldopa 250 mg Tablet
Aldomet
Hypertension
Sedation, headache, weakness, dizziness, Hypersensitivity to methyldopa, history of parkinsonism, bradycardia, orthostatic hepatitis, autonomic dysfunction, bilateral hypotension, GI symptoms, hepatic impairment, cardiovascular disease impotence
Antihypertensive drugs, lithium, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Methylene Blue 1% Injection
For treatment of idiopathic and drug-induced methaemoglobinemia
1 to 2 mg/kg (0.1 to 0.2 mL/kg of a 1% solution) IV very slowly over several minutes
Hypertension, hypotension, sweating symptom, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Hypersensitivity to methylene blue, severe renal ,dizziness, headache, confusion, cardiac impairment, methaemoglobinemia in cyanide Not known dysrhythmia, malignant hyperthermia, hemolytic poisoning, intraspinal injection anemia, methemoglobinemia Nervousness, insomnia, decreased appetite. Ocassionally headache, drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin reactions, fever, arthralgia. Rare: blurred vision, moderately reduced weight gain and minor growth retardation in children. Seizures, dependency, leucopenia Anxiety and tension states, agitation, tics, tics in siblings, familial history or diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome, glaucoma, Pressor agents, MAOIs, anticoagulants, hyperthyrodism, cardiac arrythmias, severe anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, angina pectoris, hypersensitivity to drug/class, phenylbutazone, guanethidine children less than 6 years of age, MAOIs use within 14 days
Methylphenidate HCl 10 mg Tablet
Ritalin
Hyperkinetic disorder (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)
Methylphenidate HCl 18 mg Extended-release Tablet
Concerta
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
May exacerbate behavioral disturbance and thought disorder in psychotic patients. Not for severe depression. Chronic abuse can lead to marked tolerance and psychic dependence. Epilepsy and hypertension. Monitor blood count during long-term treatment. Careful supervision during drug withdrawal. Children less than 6 years. Pregnancy and lactation. Caution in road/machinery users. Cardiovascular disease, alcohol/drug abuse, hyperthyroidism Onset or exacerbation of motor and verbal tics, growth suppression with long-term therapy, preexisting gastrointestinal narrowing or with CHILD over 6 years: Individualize dosage, to be taken dysphagia, severe depression and fatigue, may once daily in the morning. Dose may be adjusted in exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and increments to a maximum of 54 mg/day, at weekly thought disorder in psychotic patients, patients interval. Patient new to methylphenidate: starting dose whose underlying conditions may be compromised 18 mg once daily. Patient currently using by increases in blood pressure or heart rate, history methylphenidate: 18 - 36 mg. Maximum 54 mg/day. of drug dependence or alcoholism and seizures. Discontinue if no response after 1 month Periodic hematologic monitoring during prolonged therapy. Pregnancy and lactation. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery CHILD over 6 years, initially 5 mg 1 - 2 times daily, increased if necessary at weekly intervals by 5 - 10 mg daily to maximum of 60 mg daily in divided doses; discontinue if no response after 1 month, also suspend periodically to assess child's condition (usually finally discontinued during or after puberty) May exacerbate behavioural disturbance and thought disorder in psychotic patients. Chronic abuse can lead to marked tolerance and psychic 20 mg once daily to be taken in the morning. Dosage dependence. Epilepsy and hypertension. be adjusted in increments to a maximum of 60 mg/day Emotionally unstable patients. Monitor blood pressure during long-term treatment. Careful supervision during drug withdrawal. Children less than 6 year. Pregnancy and lactation Onset or exacerbation of motor and verbal tics, growth suppression with long-term therapy, preexisting gastrointestinal narrowing or with CHILD over 6 years: Individualize dosage, to be taken dysphagia, severe depression and fatigue, may once daily in the morning. Dose may be adjusted in exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and increments to a maximum of 54 mg/day, at weekly thought disorder in psychotic patients, patients interval. Patient new to methylphenidate: starting dose whose underlying conditions may be compromised 18 mg once daily. Patient currently using by increases in blood pressure or heart rate, history methylphenidate: 18 - 36 mg. Maximum 54 mg/day. of drug dependence or alcoholism and seizures. Discontinue if no response after 1 month Periodic hematologic monitoring during prolonged therapy. Pregnancy and lactation. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery May exacerbate behavioural disturbance and thought disorder in psychotic patients. Chronic abuse can lead to marked tolerance and psychic 20 mg once daily to be taken in the morning. Dosage dependence. Epilepsy and hypertension. be adjusted in increments to a maximum of 60 mg/day Emotionally unstable patients. Monitor blood pressure during long-term treatment. Careful supervision during drug withdrawal. Children less than 6 year. Pregnancy and lactation
Loss of appetite, slurred speech, abnormal behavior, restlessness, hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, thrombocytopenia, hallucinations
Marked anxiety, tension, agitation, glaucoma, Tourette's syndrome. Treatment with MAOIs or Pressor agents, MAOIs, anticoagulants, within a minimum of 14 days following anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, discontinuation of a MAOI. Child less than 6 phenylbutazone, guanethidine year
Methylphenidate HCl 20 mg LA Capsule
Ritalin LA
Nervousness, insomnia, decreased appetite, rash, arrhythmias, blurred vision, angina pectoris, hepatic dysfunction, cerebral arteritis, blood dyscrasias, thrombocytopenic purpura, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, choreoathetoid movements, tics, convulsions, toxic psychosis, hallucinations
Anxiety and tension states, agitation, tics, tics in siblings, familial history or diagnosis of Pressor agents, MAOIs, anticoagulants, Tourette's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, cardiac anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, arrhythmias, severe angina pectoris, glaucoma, phenylbutazone, guanethidine lactation
Methylphenidate HCl 36 mg Extended-release Tablet
Concerta
Loss of appetite, slurred speech, abnormal behavior, restlessness, hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, thrombocytopenia, hallucinations
Marked anxiety, tension, agitation, glaucoma, Tourette's syndrome. Treatment with MAOIs or Pressor agents, MAOIs, anticoagulants, within a minimum of 14 days following anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, discontinuation of a MAOI. Child less than 6 phenylbutazone, guanethidine year
Methylphenidate HCl 40mg LA Capsule
Ritalin LA
Nervousness, insomnia, decreased appetite, rash, arrhythmias, blurred vision, angina pectoris, hepatic dysfunction, cerebral arteritis, blood dyscrasias, thrombocytopenic purpura, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, choreoathetoid movements, tics, convulsions, toxic psychosis, hallucinations
Anxiety and tension states, agitation, tics, tics in siblings, familial history or diagnosis of Pressor agents, MAOIs, anticoagulants, Tourette's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, cardiac anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, arrhythmias, severe angina pectoris, glaucoma, phenylbutazone, guanethidine lactation Decreased effect: Phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampicin increases clearance of methylprednisolone. Potassium depleting diuretics enhance potassium depletion. Increased toxicity: Skin test antigens, immunizations decrease response of methylprednisolone Decreased effect: Phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampicin increases clearance of methylprednisolone. Potassium depleting diuretics enhance potassium depletion. Increased toxicity: Skin test antigens, immunizations decrease response of methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate 0.5 g Injection
Solu-Medrol
Suppression of inflammatory and allergic disorders, cerebral oedema, immunosuppression treatment of haematological and oncological disorders, treatment of shock states and endocrine disorders
15 - 30 mg/kg daily. Large doses may be repeated 4 - Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage 6 hourly for up to 48 hours gradually
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness, peptic ulcer, osteoporosis, abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting
Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate 1 g Injection
Solu-Medrol
Suppression of inflammatory and allergic disorders, cerebral oedema, immunosuppression treatment of haematological and oncological disorders, treatment of shock states and endocrine disorders
15 - 30 mg/kg daily. Large doses may be repeated 4 - Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage 6 hourly for up to 48 hours gradually
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness, peptic ulcer, osteoporosis, abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Extrapyramidal effects (especially in children and young adults), hyperprolactinaemia, tardive dyskinesia, drowsiness, restlessness, anxiety, drowsiness, fatigue, akathisia, insomnia, depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, diarrhoea, bronchospasm and cardiac conduction abnormalities Extrapyramidal effects (especially in children and young adults), hyperprolactinaemia, tardive dyskinesia, drowsiness, restlessness, anxiety, drowsiness, fatigue, akathisia, insomnia, depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, diarrhoea, bronchospasm and cardiac conduction abnormalities Extrapyramidal effects (especially in children and young adults), hyperprolactinaemia, tardive dyskinesia, drowsiness, restlessness, anxiety, drowsiness, fatigue, akathesia, insomnia, depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, diarrhoea, bronchospasm and cardiac conduction abnormalities
Contraindications
Concomitant therapy with drugs which are likely to cause extrapyramidal reactions, epileptics, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, obstruction (mechanical), or perforation, hypersensitivity to metoclopramide, pheochromocytoma
Interactions
Increased absorption of aspirin and paracetamol; opioid analgesics and antimuscarinics antagonise effect on gastrointestinal activity, antipsychotics (increased risk of extrapyramidal effects). Decrease absorption of digoxin Increased absorption of aspirin and paracetamol; opioid analgesics and antimuscarinics antagonise effect on gastrointestinal activity, antipsychotics (increased risk of extrapyramidal effects). Decrease absorption of digoxin
Metoclopramide HCl 10 mg Tablet
Maxolon
i) Dyspepsia, flatulence, hiatus hernia, peptic ulceration, reflux oesophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis, cholelithiasis, nausea, vomiting ii) Promote bowel transit during diagnostic procedures
Metoclopramide HCl 10 mg/2 ml Injection
Maxolon
Hepatic and renal impairment, elderly, young adults i) ADULT over 20 years: 10 mg 3 times daily. ADULT and children; may mask underlying disorders such between 12 - 20 years: 5 mg 3 times daily. CHILD as cerebral irritation; avoid for 3 - 4 days following under 12 years: 0.12 mg/kg/dose 6 - 12 hourly ii) gastro-intestinal surgery, may cause acute Single dose 5 - 10 minutes before examination; hypertensive response in phaeochromocytoma; ADULT and CHILD over 15 years: 10 - 20 mg; CHILD pregnancy and breast feeding; porphyria. Use less than 15 years: 0.12 mg/kg/dose 6 - 12 hourly cautiously in patients with depression, Parkinson's disease or hypertension Hepatic and renal impairment, elderly, young adults i) ADULT over 20 years: 10 mg 3 times daily. ADULT and children; may mask underlying disorders such between 12 - 20 years: 5 mg 3 times daily. CHILD as cerebral irritation; avoid for 3 - 4 days following under 12 years: 0.12 mg/kg/dose 6 - 12 hourly ii) gastro-intestinal surgery, may cause acute Single dose 5 - 10 minutes before examination; hypertensive response in phaeochromocytoma; ADULT and CHILD over 15 years: 10 - 20 mg; CHILD pregnancy and breast feeding; porphyria. Use less than 15 years: 0.12 mg/kg/dose 6 - 12 hourly cautiously in patients with depression, Parkinson's disease or hypertension i) CHILD over 5 years: 2.5 - 5 ml 3 times daily. 3 - 5 years 2 ml 2 - 3 times daily. 1 - 3 years: 1 ml 2 - 3 times daily. Under 1 year: 1 ml 2 times daily ii) Single dose given 10 minutes before examination. CHILD over 5 years: 2.5 - 5 ml. Between 3 - 5 years: 2 ml. Under 1 year: 1 ml Hepatic and renal impairment, elderly, young adults and children; may mask underlying disorders such as cerebral irritation; avoid for 3 - 4 days following gastrointestinal surgery, may cause acute hypertensive response in phaeochromocytoma, pregnancy and breast feeding, porphyria. Use cautiously in patients with depression, Parkinson's disease or hypertension, insulin dosage or timing of dosage may require adjustment
Concomitant therapy with drugs which are likely to cause extrapyramidal reactions, epileptics, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, obstruction (mechanical), or perforation, hypersensitivity to metoclopramide, pheochromocytoma
Metoclopramide HCl 5 mg/5 ml Syrup Maxolon
Increased absorption of aspirin, paracetamol, tetracycline, levodopa, ethanol, cyclosporine, opioid analgesics and antimuscarinics Concomitant therapy with drugs which are likely antagonise effect on gastro-intestinal activity, to cause extrapyramidal reactions, epileptics, antipsychotics (increased risk of extrapyramidal gastrointestinal haemorrhage, obstruction effects). Decrease absorption of digoxin, (mechanical), or perforation, hypersensitivity to antagonized by anticholinergic drugs and metoclopramide, pheochromocytoma narcotic analgesics. Additive sedative effects with alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, narcotics or tranquilizers
Metolazone 2.5 mg Tablet
Diulo
Oedema in congestive cardiac failure, nephrotic syndrome and impaired renal function
ADULT: 5 - 20 mg 4 times daily. CHILD: 0.05 -0.1 mg/kg 4 times daily
Avoid concomitant lithium. Diabetics may require increased amounts of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents. Electrolyte imbalance (eg, hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypomagnesaemia), hepatic disease, hyperuricaemia, lupus erythematosus. Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, oedema, May aggravate digitalis toxicity. May potentiate the hypokalaemia, rash, cough, nausea, vomiting effects of other antihypertensives. Orthostatic hypotension, severe renal disease (may precipitate azotemia), sensitivity reactions may occur with or without a history of allergy or asthma
Anuria, hepatic coma or pre-coma and hypersensitivity to metolazone
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium carbonate, diazoxide, digitalis glycosides, lithium
Metoprolol Tartrate 100 mg Tablet
Betaloc
Hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias
Metoprolol Tartrate 50 mg Tablet
Betaloc
Hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias
Metronidazole 0.5 g Suppository
Flagyl
Anaerobic infection
Metronidazole 200 mg Tablet
Flagyl
Anaerobic infection
Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cimetidine, clonidine, digoxin, dihydropyridine, calcium Pregnancy, lactation channel blockers, flunarizine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, hydralazine, hypoglycemic agents, lidocaine, methyldopa Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, Hypertension: Initially 100 mg to maximum 400 mg Hypersensitivity to metoprolol products, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cimetidine, Lassitude, gastrointestinal and sleep pattern daily, Angina: 50 mg - 100 mg in 2 - 3 times daily. bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block overt clonidine, digoxin, dihydropyridine, calcium Pregnancy, lactation disturbances; rarely, non-specific skin reactions Myocardial infarction: 200 mg daily in divided doses. cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, obstructive channel blockers, flunarizine, fluoxetine, and coldness of extremities Arrythmias: 50 mg - 300 mg in 2 - 3 times daily pulmonary disease fluvoxamine, hydralazine, hypoglycemic agents, lidocaine, methyldopa Gastrointestinal disturbances, urticaria, ADULT: 1 g rectally 8 hourly for 3 days, then 1 g 12 angioedema, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, hourly if treatment must continue (not more than 7 ataxia, skin rashes, pruritus, darkening of urine. Alcohol, warfarin, phenobarbitone, lithium, days). CHILD up to 1 year: 125 mg every 8 hours for 3 Peripheral neuropathy or transient epileptiform phenytoin, cimetidine, amiodarone, busulfan, days, then every 12 hours. CHILD 1 - 5 years: 250 Caution in patient with active disease of CNS seizures (prolonged therapy), leucopenia. Hypersensitivity to metronidazole. Chronic carbamazepine, cholestyramine, cyclosporine, mg. CHILD 5 - 10 years: 500 mg. Prophylaxis: More except for brain abscess of hepatic encephalopathy Nausea, vomiting, unpleasant metallic taste, alcohol dependence dihydroergotamine, disulfiram, ergotamine, than 12 years: 1 g rectally 2 hours before surgery, up furred tongue and erythema multiforme, fluorouracil, tacrolimus to 3 further doses of 1 g may be given every 8 hours angioedema, hepatitis, jaundice, for high-risk procedure thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia, myalgia, arthralgia Unpleasant taste in mouth, furry tongue, gastrointestinal disturbances, urticaria, angioedema, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, Alcohol, warfarin, phenobarbitone, lithium, Caution in patient with active disease of CNS ataxia, skin rashes, pruritus, darkening of urine, phenytoin, cimetidine, amiodarone, busulfan, 800 mg initially followed by 400 mg 8 hourly. CHILD: Hypersensitivity to metronidazole. Chronic except for brain abscess or hepatic peripheral neuropathy or transient epileptiform carbamazepine, cholestyramine, cyclosporine, 7.5 mg/kg every 8 hours alcohol dependence encephalopathy. Pregnancy and lactation seizures, leucopenia, nausea, vomiting, dihydroergotamine, disulfiram, ergotamine, erythema multiforme, hepatitis, jaundice, fluorouracil, tacrolimus thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia, myalgia, arthralgia Hypertension: Initially 100 mg to maximum 400 mg daily, Angina: 50 mg - 100 mg in 2 - 3 times daily. Myocardial infarction: 200 mg daily in divided doses. Arrythmias: 50 mg - 300 mg in 2 - 3 times daily Hypersensitivity to metoprolol products, Lassitude, gastrointestinal and sleep pattern bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block overt disturbances; rarely, non-specific skin reactions cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, obstructive and coldness of extremities pulmonary disease Unpleasant taste in mouth, furry tongue, gastrointestinal disturbances, urticaria, angioedema, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, ataxia, skin rashes, pruritus, darkening of urine, Caution in patient with active disease of CNS Hypersensitivity to metronidazole. Chronic peripheral neuropathy or transient epileptiform except for brain abscess of hepatic encephalopathy alcohol dependence seizures ,leucopenia, nausea, vomiting, erythema multiforme, angioedema, hepatitis, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia, myalgia, arthralgia
Metronidazole 200 mg/5 ml Suspension
Flagyl
Anaerobic infection
CHILD: 7.5 mg/kg 3 times daily for 7 days
Alcohol, warfarin, phenobarbitone, lithium, phenytoin,c imetidine, amiodarone, busulfan, carbamazepine, cholestyramine, cyclosporine, dihydroergotamine, disulfiram, ergotamine, fluorouracil, tacrolimus
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
If administered for more than 10 days, haematological tests are recommended. Readminister immediately after haemodialysis. Caution in patient with active disease of CNS except for brain abscess or hepatic encephalopathy. Pregnancy & lactation First trimester of pregnancy, lactation. Local sensitization or irritation, to discontinue use First trimester of pregnancy, lactation Elderly, COPD, congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, severe electrolyte and fluid disturbances, pregnancy and lactation, hepatic and renal impairment, labor and delivery, prolonged use and abrupt withdrawal, moderate lowering of intraocular pressure in ophthalmic. Children under 15 kg not to exceed 1 mg/ml Elderly, COPD, congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, severe electrolyte and fluid disturbances, pregnancy and lactation, hepatic and renal impairment, labor and delivery, prolonged use and abrupt withdrawal, moderate lowering of intraocular pressure in ophthalmic. Children under 15 kg not to exceed 1 mg/ml
Adverse Reaction
GI disturbances, urticaria, angioedema, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, ataxia, skin rashes, pruritus, darkening of urine, peripheral neuropathy or transient epileptiform seizures, leucopenia, anaphylaxis Ocassional skin irritation or sensitivity, contact dermatitis, vaginal burning due to cream base Ocassional skin irritation or sensitivity
Contraindications
Interactions
Alcohol, warfarin, phenobarbitone, lithium, phenytoin, cimetidine, amiodarone, busulfan, carbamazepine, cholestyramine, cyclosporine, dihydroergotamine, disulfiram, ergotamine, fluorouracil, tacrolimus
Metronidazole 500 mg/100 ml Injection
Metrogyl
Anaerobic infections
ADULT: 500 mg IV infusion 8 hourly. CHILD: 7.5 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours
Hypersensitivity to metronidazole
Miconazole 2% Cream
Daktarin
i) Fungal infections: Tinea pedis, Tinea corporis, Tinea capitis and other dermatophyte infections caused by Trichophyton and Epidermophyton species ii) Antifungal agent that has been in various candida infections including vaginal candidiasis Skin infections caused by dermatophytes or Candida
i) Skin Infection: Apply sparingly and rub gently onto affected area 1-2 times daily continuing for 10 days after lesions have healed ii) Apply twice daily continuing for 10 days after lesions have healed Dust powder over infected area 1 - 2 times daily Usual sedative range 2.5 - 7.5 mg (about 70 mcg/kg by IV injection over 30 seconds). Premedication by IM injection 70 - 100 mcg/kg 30 -60 minutes before surgery; ELDERLY: 1 - 1.5 mg/kg. Induction: Induction by slow IV infusion 200 - 300 mcg/kg (ELDERLY 100 200 mcg/kg. CHILD over 7 years 150 - 200 mcg/kg); Maximum: 0.35mg/kg. Sedation in ICU 0.03 - 0.2 mg/kg/hour Usual sedative range 2.5 - 7.5 mg (about 70 mcg/kg by IV injection over 30 seconds). Premedication by IM injection 70 - 100 mcg/kg 30 -60 minutes before surgery; ELDERLY: 1 - 1.5 mg/kg. Induction: Induction by slow IV infusion 200 - 300 mcg/kg (ELDERLY 100 200 mcg/kg. CHILD over 7 years 150 - 200 mcg/kg); Maximum: 0.35mg/kg. Sedation in ICU 0.03 - 0.2 mg/kg/hour
Children less than 2 year. Hypersensitivity to manizole products Children less than 2 years
Not known
Miconazole Nitrate 2% Powder
Daktarin
Not known Neuroleptics, tranquilizer, antidepressant, hypnotics, analgesics, anaesthetics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, antiepiletics, antihistamines, erythromycin, clarithromycin, cimetidine, omeprazole, diltiazem, efavirenz, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, fluvoxamine, halothane, sevoflurane, thiopental, itraconazole, theophylline, atorvastatin Neuroleptics, tranquilizer, antidepressant, hypnotics, analgesics, anaesthetics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, antiepiletics, antihistamines, erythromycin, clarithromycin, cimetidine, omeprazole, diltiazem, efavirenz, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, fluvoxamine, halothane, sevoflurane, thiopental, itraconazole, theophylline, atorvastatin Neuroleptics, tranquilizer, antidepressant, hypnotics, analgesics, anaesthetics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, antiepiletics, antihistamines, erythromycin, clarithromycin, cimetidine, omeprazole, diltiazem, efavirenz, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, fluvoxamine, halothane, sevoflurane, thiopental, itraconazole, theophylline, atorvastatin Oral absorption is impaired by antacids containing Al, Mg Oral absorption is impaired by antacids containing Al, Mg
Midazolam 5 mg/5 ml Injection
Dormicum
Pre-operative sedation, induction of general anaesthesia, premedication and sedation in ICU and sedation for minor procedures
Muscle stiffness, induration of veins, pain, redness, headache, apnoea, nausea, coughing, Acute narrow angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity vomitting, drowsiness, respiratory depression, to midazolam products, acute alcohol phlebitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, intoxication, shock, lactation increased appetite, jaundice, hypotension, bronchospasm, pain at the site of injection
Midazolam 5 mg/ml Injection
Dormicum
Pre-operative sedation, induction of general anaesthesia, premedication and sedation in ICU and sedation for minor procedures
Muscle stiffness, induration of veins, pain, redness, headache, apnoea, nausea, coughing, Acute narrow angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity vomitting, drowsiness, respiratory depression, to midazolam products, acute alcohol phlebitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, intoxication, shock, lactation increased appetite, jaundice, hypotension, bronchospasm, pain at the site of injection
Midazolam 7.5 mg Tablet
Dormicum
Pre and post-operative sedation
Elderly, COPD, congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, severe electrolyte and fluid disturbances, ADULT: Usually 7.5 - 15 mg at bedtime; or for pregnancy and lactation, hepatic and renal premedication, 30 - 60 minutes before the procedure. impairment, labor and delivery, prolonged use and For ELDERLY, debilitated or impaired liver/kidney abrupt withdrawal, moderate lowering of intraocular function: 7.5 mg pressure in ophthalmic. Children under 15 kg not to exceed 1 mg/ml Overgrowth of susceptible organisms, renal impairment. Use in conjunction with penicillins. Autoimmune syndromes, risk of impaired spermatogenesis Overgrowth of susceptible organisms, renal impairment. Use in conjunction with penicillins. 100 mg daily 6 - 18 months Autoimmune syndromes, risk of impaired spermatogenesis ADULTS and CHILD above 12 years old: Initially 5 mg Angina pectoris, breast feeding, cerebrovascular daily in single or divided doses (elderly 2.5 mg). May disease, cerebrovascular accident (recent), increase by 5 - 10 mg daily at intervals of 3 or more congestive heart failure (without adequate diuretic days until optimum control is achieved. Maximum 50 therapy), dialysis, fluid retention, impaired renal mg daily function, myocardial infarction 100 mg daily 6 - 18 months
Muscle stiffness, induration of veins, pain, redness, headache, apnoea, nausea, coughing, Acute narrow angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity vomitting, drowsiness, respiratory depression, to midazolam products, acute alcohol phlebitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, intoxication, shock, lactation increased appetite, jaundice, hypotension, bronchospasm, pain at the site of injection GI disorders, dizziness, vertigo, maculopapular Hypersensitivity to tetracycline. Last half of and erythematous rashes, photosensitivity, pregnancy, infants, children 8 years or less tooth discoloration, hypersensitivity reactions GI disorders, dizziness, vertigo, maculopapular Hypersensitivity to tetracycline. Last half of and erythematous rashes, photosensitivity, pregnancy, infants, children 8 years or less tooth discoloration, hypersensitivity reactions Salt and water retention, tachycardia, pericardial effusion and tamponad, hypertrichosis. Occasionally; allergic rashes, gastrointestinal effects, breast tenderness, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia
Minocycline 100 mg Capsule
Minocin
As second-line treatment for leprosy only
Minocycline 50 mg Capsule
Minocin
As second-line treatment for leprosy only
Minoxidil 5 mg Tablet
Loniten
Severe hypertension
Hypersensitivity to minoxidil products
Combination with guanethidine may produce orthostatic hypotension
Mirtazapine 15 mg Orodispersible Tablet
Episodes of major depression
Initially 15 mg daily at bedtime increased according to response up to 45 mg daily as a single dose at bedtime or in 2 divided doses. CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 years not recommended
Heart disease, hypotension, epilepsy, hepatic and renal impairment, pregnancy, mania and hypomania, hypersensitivity to other antidepressant, suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression; increased risk in children and adolescents
Agranulocytopenia, neutropenia, mania, dizziness, increase appetite, constipation, somnolence. Patients should be advised to report any fever, sore throat, stomatitis or other signs of infection during treatment. Blood count should be performed and the drug stopped Hypersensitivity to mirtazapine or component of immediately if blood dyscrasia suspected, formulation, MAOIs, procarbazine, selegiline increased appetite, raised serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides, raised ALT (SGPT) level, asthenia, dizziness, dream disorder, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, seizure, worsening depression, suicidal ideation Agranulocytopenia, neutropenia, mania, dizziness, increase appetite, constipation, somnolence. Patients should be advised to report any fever, sore throat, stomatitis or other signs of infection during treatment. Blood count should be performed and the drug stopped Hypersensitivity to mirtazapine or component of immediately if blood dyscrasia suspected, formulation, MAOIs, procarbazine, selegiline increased appetite, raised serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides, raised ALT (SGPT) level, asthenia, dizziness, dream disorder, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, seizure, worsening depression, suicidal ideation Chronic hypotony, sometimes associated with maculopathy and irreversible visual loss Chronic hypotony, sometimes associated with maculopathy and irreversible visual loss Hypersensitivity to any component of this products Hypersensitivity to any component of this products
Clonidine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, ethanol, warfarin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, ketoconazole, cimetidine, methadone, rifampicin, antivirals, St. John's wort, diazepam, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, linezolid, olanzapine, tramadol, venlafaxine
Mirtazapine 30 mg Orodispersible Tablet
Episodes of major depression
Initially 15 mg daily at bedtime increased according to response up to 45 mg daily as a single dose at bedtime or in 2 divided doses. CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 years not recommended
Heart disease, hypotension, epilepsy, hepatic and renal impairment, pregnancy, mania and hypomania, hypersensitivity to other antidepressant, suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression; increased risk in children and adolescents
Clonidine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, ethanol, warfarin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, ketoconazole, cimetidine, methadone, rifampicin, antivirals, St. John's wort, diazepam, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, linezolid, olanzapine, tramadol, venlafaxine
Mitomycin C 0.002% Eye Drops Mitomycin C 0.02% Eye Drops -
Pterygium, conjunctival tumour, glaucoma surgery Pterygium, conjunctival tumour, glaucoma surgery
1 - 2 drops several times a day 1 - 2 drops several times a day
Elderly patients, previous cytotoxic or radiation therapy, hepatic and renal disorders Elderly patients, previous cytotoxic or radiation therapy, hepatic and renal disorders
Not known Not known
Generic Name
Mitomycin C 0.04% Eye Drops
Trade Name
Indications
Pterygium, conjunctival tumour, glaucoma surgery i) Gastrointestinal, lung, breast, cervical cancers ii) Bladder tumours iii) Opthalmological conditions: conjunctival squamous neoplasia, squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva, trabeculectomy chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Gastric, colorectal, lung cancer
Dosage Form
Precautions
Elderly patients, previous cytotoxic or radiation therapy, hepatic and renal disorders
Adverse Reaction
Chronic hypotony, sometimes associated with maculopathy and irreversible visual loss Nephrotoxicity, delayed myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, alopecia, congestive heart failure, fever, haemolytic uraemic syndrome-risk increase when cumulative dose more than 50 mg/m2, interstitial pneumonitis Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, hepatotoxicity, congestive cardiac failure, constipation, diarrhoea, arrhythmias, discolouration of urine and other secretions, alopecia, secondary malignancy, fatigue, fever, headache, amenorrhoea, abdominal pain, acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplasia of the spinal cord Anaphylaxis and serum sickness if source is equine Sleep disturbance, dizziness, gastrointestinal disturbance, restlessness, agitation, blurred vision, dry mouth, headache, constipation, possible hyponatraemia, diaphoresis, rash, increase libido, abdominal pain, hepatotoxicity, oedema, orthostatic hypotension, tremor Hypersensitivity reactions, severe anaphylactoid Hypersensitivity reactions, severe anaphylactoid
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any component of this products Thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to mitomycin, hepatotoxicty Not known
Interactions
Mitomycin-C 10 mg Injection
Mitomycin-C
i) 10 - 20 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA) given as a single dose through a running IV infusion repeated Bleeding tendency, radiotherapy, extravasation, every 6 - 8 weeks. The whole schedule may be repeated depending on the bone marrow ii) 10 - 40 mg hepatic dysfunction, myelosuppression, renal impairment daily or every other day (intravesical) iii) 0.4 mg topically as a single application for opthalmological conditions, duration: 1 to 3 minutes Myelosuppression or poor general condition in cases with functional cardiac changes including congestive heart failure and decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction, hepatic insufficiency, children, pregnancy, lactation Not known Avoid in excited and agitated patient, thyorotoxicosis, hepatic impairment, pregnancy, lactation, hypertensive, avoid ingestion of excessive amounts of tyramine-rich foods, occipital headache, palpitations, neck stiffness, tachycardia or bradycardia, coadministration with dextromethorphan resulted in vertigo, tremor, nausea and vomiting Patients with cardiac disease
Vinblastine, vince alkaloids may increase risk of cardiotoxicity when given together with mitomycin C
Mitoxantrone 20 mg/10ml Injection
Novantrone
10 - 12 mg/m2 IV daily for 3 days, in combination with other cytotoxic agents. Refer to protocol. CHILD: 5 Acute leukaemia, elderly patients with acute myeloid 10 mg/m2 daily for 3 - 5 days according to protocol. leukaemia (AML), relapsed/resistant acute leukaemia, Treatment of acute leukaemia, ADULT: 8 - 12 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) mg/m2/day once daily for 4 - 5 days. CHILD more than 2 years: same as adult dose. CHILD 2 years: 0.4 mg/kg/day once daily for 3 - 5 days Mixed gas-gangrene Prophylactic: 25,000 units IM or IV. Therapeutic: Not less than 75,000 units IV Initially 300 mg daily in divided doses. Gradually to increase up to 600 mg daily in divided doses depending on response. Usual range 150 - 600 mg daily. Not recommended in children
Hypersensitivity to mitoxantrone products, Increased risk of infection by the live vaccine, pregnancy, lactation, severe myelosuppression, trastuzumab cardiac dysfunction
Mixed Gas-Gangrene Antitoxin 25,000 units/5 ml Injection
Not known
Not known
Moclobemide 150 mg Tablet
Aurorix
Treatment of depressive syndrome
Acute confusional state, hypersensitivity to moclobemide, concomitant use with selective Tricyclic antidepressants, beta-2 agonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, conventional carbamazepine MAOIs or tricyclic antidepressants, concomitant use of narcotics
Modified Fluid Gelatin 4% Injection
Gelafusine
Modified Polypeptides (Polygeline) 3.5% Injection
Haemacel
For primary volume replacement in hypovolaemia, perioperative stabilization of the circulation, ADULT 500 - 1500 ml given as IV infusion haemodilution, extracorporeal circulation (haemodialysis and heart-lung machine) For primary volume replacement in hypovolaemia, perioperative stabilization of the circulation, ADULT 500 - 1500 ml given by IV infusion haemodilution, extracorporeal circulation (haemodialysis and heart-lung machine) i) As secondary prophylaxis and therapeutic use against chemotherapy induced leucopenia according to clinician's discretion ii) Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) SC or IV 250 mcg/m2/day. Initiation: 24 to 72 hours after chemotherapy. Duration: Until a clinically adequate neutrophil recovery is achieved
Not known
Not known
Patients with cardiac disease
Not known
Not known
Molgramostim 300 mcg Injection
Leucomax
Pre-existing pulmonary disease, autoimmune disease, children under 18 years of age, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Fever, gastrointestinal disturbances, dyspnoea, rash, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, bone pain, Myeloid malignancies, pregnancy (GM-CSF) reduces the myelotoxicity but not the overall toxicity of chemotherapy drugs, therefore its chills, asthenia, loss of appetite use for increasing chemotherapy dose intensity is not recommended Systemic absorption may be increased if extensive body surface are treated. Do not use occlusive Burning, pruritus, skin atrophy, paraesthesia, dressing. Long term use in infant and children. tingling or stinging Avoid contact with eyes, pregnancy, lactation Presence of untreated localized infection involving the nasal mucosa, recent nasal surgery or trauma, pregnancy, infection e.g. tuberculosis, infection of Headache, pharyngitis, cough epistaxis, viral the respiratory tract, untreated systemic fungal, infection, chest pain, dysmenorrhoea, vomiting, bacterial, viral or parasitic infections or ocular nausea, diarrhoea, dyspepsia herpes simplex, systemic effects e.g. hypercorticism, reduced bone mineral density and adrenal suppression, untreated systemic infections Hypersensitivity to mometasone or any component of the formulation
Bleomycin, cyclosphosphamide, ifosphamide, topotecan
Mometasone Furoate 0.1% Cream
Elomet
Steroid responsive dermatosis and vitiligo. Used where a potent steroid is required for short duration not more than 6 weeks
Apply once daily to affected areas. Do not use in paediatric patients for longer than 3 weeks
CYP3A4
Mometasone Furoate 50 mcg Aqueous Nasal Spray
Nasonex
Allergic rhinitis
ADULT and CHILD over 12 years: 100 mcg/day (2 sprays) to each nostril once daily. Maximum 200 mcg (4 sprays) once daily. Reduce to 50 mcg (1 spray) once daily when control achieved. CHILD 6 - 12 years old: 50 mcg (1 spray) to each nostril once daily
Severe nasal infections especially candidiasis, patients with haemorrhagic diathesis or a history of recurrent nasal bleeding, fungal, viral or tubercular skin lesions, herpes simplex or zoster, hypersensitivity to mometasone or other corticosteroids, status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma (oral inhalation)
CYP3A4, amphotericin, antidiabetic agents, antifungal agents (imidazole), diuretics, potassium-wasting (loop or thiazide), fluoroquinolones
Monobasic Sodium Phosphate 48%, Bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy, radiological Fleet Phospho-soda Dibasic Sodium Phosphate 18% examination or bowel surgery
45 ml diluted with half a glass (120 ml) of water, followed by one full glass (240 ml) of water to be taken depending on the time of the procedure. For morning procedure, 45 ml dilute with half glass of water should be taken at 7 am and the second 45 ml at 7 pm on the day before the procedure. For afternoon procedure, the first dose should be taken at 7 pm on the day before and the second dose at 7 am on the day of the procedure. Solid food must not be taken during the preparation period; clear fluids or water can be taken liberally. Not recommended for use in children
Pregnancy, severe renal impairment, heart disease (congestive cardiac failure, hypertension and oedema), ulcerative colitis (Irritable Bowel Nausea and bloating, abdominal cramps, Syndrome) reflux oesophagitis, preexisting vomiting electrolyte disturbances (low serum calcium concentration, hyperkalaemia)
Gastrointestinal obstruction, gastric retention, gastro-intestinal ulceration, perforated bowel, congestive cardiac failure, toxic colitis, toxic megacolon or ileus
Salts of magnesium, aluminium and calcium will bind phosphate and reduce absorption. Vitamin D will increase absorption of phosphate with diuretics and drugs affect serum electroytes may induce hyperphosphataemia, hypocalaemia and hypernatraemia
Montelukast Sodium 10 mg Tablet
Singulair
Montelukast Sodium 4 mg Oral Granules
Singulair
Should not be used for treatment of acute asthma attacks. Should not be abruptly substituted for Chronic treatment of asthma and relief of symptoms of inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Pregnancy and CHILD more than 15 years and ADULT: 10 mg daily at seasonal allergic rhinitis for children more than 15 lactation. Patients with known aspirin sensitivity bedtime years and adults should continue avoidance of aspirin or NSAIDs while taking montelukast. Paediatric less than 6 month Should not be used for treatment of acute asthma attacks. Should not be abruptly substituted for Asthmatics, not controlled on high dose inhaled inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Pregnancy and 12 months - 5 years: 1 packet of 4mg oral granules corticosteroids more than 1600 mcg/day and with colactation. Patients with known aspirin sensitivity daily at bedtime morbid allergic disorders. Chronic treatment of asthma should continue avoidance of aspirin or NSAIDs while taking montelukast. Paediatric less than 6 month
Abdominal pain, headache ,thirst, diarrhea, hyperkinesia, flu-like symptoms, eczematous dermatitis and rash
Hypersensitivity to any component of montelukast
Phenobarbitone
Phenobarbitone
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Montelukast Sodium 5 mg Chewable Singulair Tablet
Should not be used for treatment of acute asthma attacks. Should not be abruptly substituted for Asthmatics, not controlled on high dose inhaled inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Pregnancy and CHILD 6 - 14 years: One 5 mg chewable tablet daily at corticosteroids more than 1600 mcg/day and with colactation. Patients with known aspirin sensitivity bedtime morbid allergic disorders. Chronic treatment of asthma should continue avoidance of aspirin or NSAIDs while taking montelukast. Paediatric less than 6 month Neonates, children, infants less than 3 months, elderly, obstetric patients, chronic obstructive airway disease, asthma; pregnancy, lactation, renal and hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism, head injury, intracranial lesions; hypotension, circulatory shock; seizure-prone patients; adrenocortical insufficiency; prostatic hyperplasia; inflammatory or obstructive bowel disease; myasthaenia gravis
Phenobarbitone
Morphine HCl 10 mg/5 ml Solution
For use in management of moderate to severe pain especially that associated with neoplastic disease
5 - 20 mg or more regularly every 4 hours in terminal pain
Constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, respiratory depression (rare). Convulsions; dry mouth, headache, vertigo; palpitations; hypothermia; pruritus, urticaria; tachycardia, bradycardia; blurred vision; miosis; dependency
Morphine Sulphate 10 mg Controlled MST Continus Release Tablet
Prolonged relief of severe pain associated with neoplastic disease; assists in procuring sleep where sleeplessness is due to pain or shock
10 - 60 mg 12 hourly intervals, depend upon the severity of the pain
Neonates, children, elderly, obstetric patients, chronic obstructive airway disease, pregnancy, lactation, renal and hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism
Morphine Sulphate 10 mg Immediate Statex Release Tablet
Relief of moderate to severe pain (cancer patient)
Neonates, children, elderly, obstetric patients, 5-10 mg every four hours. The dose may be increased chronic obstructive airway disease, pregnancy, according to needs lactation, renal and hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism
Constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, respiratory depression (rare). Convulsions; dry mouth, headache, vertigo; palpitations; hypothermia; pruritus, urticaria; tachycardia, bradycardia; blurred vision; miosis; dependency Constipation, sedation, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, respiratory depression (clinically respiratory depression) is a rare occurrence in patients whose opioid doses have been titrated
Raised intra-cranial pressure, respiratory depression and biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated in patients who are terminally ill). Hypersensitivity to morphine, acute or severe asthma; paralytic ileus; obstructive airway disease; acute liver disease; comatose patients; pregnancy, acute alcoholism Raised intra-cranial pressure, respiratory depression and biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated in patients who are terminally ill). Hypersensitivity to morphine, acute or severe asthma; paralytic ileus; obstructive airway disease; acute liver disease; comatose patients; pregnancy. acute alcoholism, head injury, paralytic ileus, delayed gastric emptying, obstructive airways disease, cardiac arrhythmias, acute hepatic disease; concurrent MAOIs (or within 2 week). Not recommended for pre-operation use or for the 1st 24 hour post-operation. Pregnancy & lactation. Children Raised intra-cranial pressure, respiratory depression and biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated in patients who are terminally ill). Hypersensitivity to morphine, acute or severe asthma; paralytic ileus; obstructive airway disease; acute liver disease; comatose patients; pregnancy. acute alcoholism Acute bronchial asthma, respiratory insufficiency, severe CNS depression, GI obstruction, biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indications in patients who are terminally ill), hypersensitivity to morphine, MAOIs Acute bronchial asthma, respiratory insufficiency, severe CNS depression, GI obstruction, biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indications in patients who are terminally ill), hypersensitivity to morphine, MAOIs Acute bronchial asthma, respiratory insufficiency, severe CNS depression, GI obstruction, biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indications in patients who are terminally ill), hypersensitivity to morphine, MAOIs Raised intra-cranial pressure, respiratory depression and biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated in patients who are terminally ill). Hypersensitivity to morphine, acute or severe asthma; paralytic ileus; obstructive airway disease; acute liver disease; comatose patients; pregnancy. acute alcoholism, head injury, paralytic ileus, delayed gastric emptying, obstructive airways disease, cardiac arrhythmias, acute hepatic disease; concurrent MAOIs (or within 2 week). Not recommended for pre-operation use or for the 1st 24 hour post-operation. Pregnancy & lactation. Children Acute bronchial asthma, respiratory insufficiency, severe CNS depression, GI obstruction, biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indications in patients who are terminally ill), hypersensitivity to morphine, MAOIs
MAOIs: hypotension and exaggeration of CNS and respiratory depressant effects. Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Cimetidine : morphine toxicity (CNS depression, respiratory depression)
MAOIs: hypotension and exaggeration of CNS and respiratory depressant effects including sedatives or hypnotics, general anaesthetic, phenothiazines, other tranquillizers, muscle relaxants, antihypertensives, alcohol; respiratory depression, cimetidine. Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Cimetidine: morphine toxicity
MAOIs: hypotension and exaggeration of CNS and respiratory depressant effects including sedatives or hypnotics, general anaesthetic, phenothiazines, other tranquillizers, muscle relaxants, antihypertensives, alcohol; respiratory depression, cimetidine. Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Cimetidine: morphine toxicity MAOIs: hypotension and exaggeration of CNS and respiratory depressant effects. Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Cimetidine: morphine toxicity (CNS depression, respiratory depression) MAOIs: hypotension and exaggeration of CNS and respiratory depressant effects. Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Cimetidine : morphine toxicity (CNS depression, respiratory depression) MAOIs: hypotension and exaggeration of CNS and respiratory depressant effects. Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Cimetidine: morphine toxicity (CNS depression, respiratory depression)
Morphine Sulphate 10 mg Suppository
Statex
Relief of severe chronic pain (cancer patient)
15 - 30 mg regularly every 4 hours
Children less than 1 year, neonates, premature infants, elderly, chronic obstructive airway disease, pregnancy, lactation, renal and hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism
Morphine Sulphate 10 mg/ml Injection
For moderate to severe pain especially that associated with neoplastic disease
ADULT: 10 - 20 mg/kg or more SC or IM every 4 hours in terminal pain. CHILD: Up to 1 month: 0.15 mg/kg body weight; 1 - 12 months: 0.2 mg/kg body weight; 1 5 years: 2.5 - 5 mg ; 6 - 12 years: 5 - 10 mg
Constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, Children less then 1 year, neonates, premature hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, infants, elderly, chronic obstructive airway disease, respiratory depression (rare). Convulsions; dry pregnancy, lactation, renal and hepatic impairment, mouth, headache, vertigo; palpitations; hypothyroidism hypothermia; pruritus, urticaria; tachycardia, bradycardia; blurred vision; miosis; dependency Children less than 1 year, neonates, premature infants, elderly, chronic obstructive airway disease, pregnancy, lactation, renal and hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism Constipation, sedation, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, respiratory depression (clinically respiratory depression) is a rare occurrence in patients whose opioid doses have been titrated
Statex
Statex
Children less than 1 yr, neonates, premature infants, elderly, chronic obstructive airway disease, pregnancy, lactation, renal and hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism
Constipation, sedation, dry mouth, psychomimetic effect (dysphoria, hallucination, nightmare), urinary retention, respiratory depression (clinically respiratory depression) is a rare occurrence in patients whose opioid doses have been titrated
MAOIs: hypotension and exaggeration of CNS and respiratory depressant effects. Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Cimetidine: morphine toxicity (CNS depression, respiratory depression)
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Raised intra-cranial pressure, respiratory depression and biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated in patients who are terminally ill). Hypersensitivity to morphine, acute or severe asthma; paralytic ileus; obstructive airway disease; acute liver disease; comatose patients; pregnancy. acute alcoholism Raised intra-cranial pressure, respiratory depression and biliary colic (these conditions are not contra-indicated in patients who are terminally ill). Hypersensitivity to morphine, acute or severe asthma; paralytic ileus; obstructive airway disease; acute liver disease; comatose patients; pregnancy. acute alcoholism, head injury, paralytic ileus, delayed gastric emptying, obstructive airways disease, cardiac arrhythmias, acute hepatic disease; concurrent MAOIs (or within 2 week). Not recommended for pre-operation use or for the 1st 24 hour post-operation. Pregnancy & lactation. Children
Interactions
Morphine Sulphate 5 mg Immediate Release Tablet
Statex
Relief of moderate to severe pain (cancer patient)
Neonates, children, elderly, obstetric patients, 5-10 mg every four hours. The dose may be increased chronic obstructive airway disease, pregnancy, according to needs lactation, renal and hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism
Moxifloxacin 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution
Vigamox
Treatment of conjunctivitis caused by susceptible organism
CHILD more than 1 year and ADULT: 1 drop to affected eye(s) 3 times daily for 7 days
Not to be injected subconjuctivally or introduced Conjunctivitis, decreased visual acuity, dry eye, directly to the anterior chamber of the eye, prolong keratitis, ocular discomfort, hyperemia, pain and Hypersensitivity to moxifloxacin and quinolone use, pregnancy and lactation pruritus, subconjunctival hemorrhage, tearing
Warfarin, concomitant use with QT prolonging agents (eg. Class 1a and class III antiarrythmic, erythromycin, cisapride, antipsychotic, cyclic antidepressant), antacid, sucralfate Pyridoxine will antagonise the therapeutic effect of levodopa (should not be administered concurrently), vitamin B6 reduces the plasma levels of phenobarbitone and phenytoin, ascorbic acid increases plasma level of ethinyloestradiol Pyridoxine will antagonise the therapeutic effect of levodopa (should not be administered concurrently), vitamin B6 reduces the plasma levels of phenobarbitone and phenytoin, ascorbic acid increases plasma level of ethinyloestradiol Pyridoxine will antagonise the therapeutic effect of levodopa (should not be administered concurrently), vitamin B6 reduces the plasma levels of phenobarbitone and phenytoin, ascorbic acid increases plasma level of ethinyloestradiol Not known Avoid products with polyethylene glycol
Multivitamin Drops
Abdec
For prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiencies
INFANT less than 1 year: 1 ml daily or based on manufacturer
Severe renal or liver failure
Hypervitaminosis
Hypersensitivity to product components
Multivitamin Injection
Parentrovite
Initially 2 - 4 pairs IV 4 - 8 hourly, reducing to 1 pair IV daily. For less serious cases, 1 pair IV 1 - 2 times daily Severe renal or liver failure or based on individual requirements
Hypervitaminosis, high doses may induce paraesthesia and hypotension
Multivitamin Syrup
CHILD 5 ml daily or based on manufacturer
Hypervitaminosis
Multivitamin Tablet Mupirocin 2% Cream
Bactroban
For prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiencies Skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis and betahaemolytic streptococcus For MRSA infections only
1 - 2 tablets daily or based on individual requirements Severe renal or liver failure Not for ophthalmic or intranasal use. Use with caution if there is evidence of moderate or severe renal impairment Not for ophthalmic or intranasal use. Use with ADULT and CHILD: Apply up to three times daily for 3 caution if there is evidence of moderate or severe 5 days renal impairment Fever, cerebrovascular disease, neurological problems, concomitant drugs that affect the CNS, underlying vascular disease and history of thrombosis, increases the risk of infections and certain malignancies. Caution when using intrauterine devices due to an increased risk of infection. Avoid use of live vaccines. Unstable angina, recent MI, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary oedema, COPD, vascular overload or depletion, septic shock, ADULT & CHILD more than 30 kg: 5 mg daily for 10 cerebrovascular disease, advanced symptomatic 14 days. CHILD 30 kg and below: 2.5 mg daily for 10 vascular disease or neuropathy, low convulsion 14 days threshold, history of thrombotic events or underlying vascular disease. Children with primary Epstein-Barr viral infection. Assess volume status prior to therapy. Perform CXR 24 hour prior to therapy to exclude fluid overload or heart failure. Perform baseline & periodic renal, hepatic & haematopoietic tests. Monitor closely over 24 hour following each of the 1st few doses. Child less than or equal to 16 year. If hypersensitivity is suspected, discontinue immediately & do not re-challenge 2 - 3 times a day
Hypervitaminosis Stinging or burning, pruritus
Hypersensitivity to product components Hypersensitivity to mupirocin products
Mupirocin 2% Ointment
Bactroban
Stinging or burning, pruritus
Hypersensitivity to mupirocin products
Avoid products with polyethylene glycol
Muromonab-CD3 5 mg Injection
Orthoclone OKT3
Only for the treatment of severe acute rejection in kidney transplant patient. For severe acute graftversus-host disease (GVHD) not responding to high dose steroids
Cytokine release syndrome, anaphylaxis, respiratory distress, haematopoietic effects, neuro-psychiatric events, fever, chills, gastrointestinal disturbances, myalgia, tremors, dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema, seizures, encephalopathy, cerebral oedema and a syndrome resembling aseptic meningitis with headache, stiff neck and photophobia
Hypersensitivity to muromonab, anti-mouse antibody titres more than or equal to 1:1000, heart failure, fluid overload, pregnancy, lactation, Patients with pre-existing fever or uncontrolled hypertension. Hypersensitivity to Azathioprine, corticosteroids, cyclosporin, products of murine origin. Avoid in patients with indomethacin a history of seizures. Patients who have undergone a more than 3% weight gain in the week preceding therapy or who have radiographic evidence of fluid overloading
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Mycophenolate Mofetil 250 mg Capsule
Cellcept
i) Prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in patients receiving allogenic renal, cardiac and hepatic transplant ii) Used with steroids for induction and maintenance of severe lupus nephritis resistant or intolerant to cyclophosphamide therapy
Mycophenolate Mofetil 500 mg tablet Cellcept
i) Prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in patients receiving allogenic renal, cardiac and hepatic transplant ii) Used with steroids for induction and maintenance of severe lupus nephritis resistant or intolerant to cyclophosphamide therapy
Mycophenolate Sodium 180mg Tablet
Myfortic
Prophylaxis of acute transplant rejection in adult patients receiving allogenic renal transplant in combination with ciclosporin and corticosteroids
Full blood count weekly for 4 weeks, then twice a month for 2 months, then monthly in the first year. Elderly, active serious gastro-intestinal disease, i) Renal transplant rejection: ADULT: 1 g twice daily. delayed graft function. Avoid exposure to sunlight. CHILD (3 months and older): 600 mg/m(2)/dose, twice Bone marrow suppression, monitor neutrophil daily; maximum daily dose, 2 g/10 mL. Cardiac count. If neutropenia develops, stop treatment or transplant rejection: 1.5 g twice daily. Hepatic reduce dose. Perform relevant diagnostic tests as transplant rejection: 1.5 g twice daily ii) Induction necessary & complete blood counts weekly. Severe phase: 2 - 3 g/day for up to 6 months. Maintenance active digestive diseases, severe chronic renal phase: dose gradually tapers to 1 g/day failure. Pregnancy & lactation. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy Full blood count weekly for 4 weeks, then twice a month for 2 months, then monthly in the first year. Elderly, active serious gastro-intestinal disease, i) Renal transplant rejection: ADULT: 1 g twice daily. delayed graft function. Avoid exposure to sunlight. CHILD (3 months and older): 600 mg/m(2)/dose, twice Bone marrow suppression. Monitor neutrophil daily; maximum daily dose, 2 g/10 mL. Cardiac count. If neutropenia develops, stop treatment or transplant rejection: 1.5 g twice daily. Hepatic reduce dose. Perform relevant diagnostic tests as transplant rejection: 1.5 g twice daily ii) Induction necessary & complete blood counts weekly. Severe phase: 2 - 3 g/day for up to 6 months. Maintenance active digestive diseases, severe chronic renal phase: dose gradually tapers to 1 g/day failure. Pregnancy & lactation. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy Avoid in patients with rare hereditary deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine hosphoribosyl-transferase (HGPRT) (eg, Lesch-Nyhan and Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome). Associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions when used during pregnancy. CellCept and myfortic dosage forms should not be used interchangeably due to differences in absorption. Increased risk of developing lymphomas & other malignancies particularly of the skin. 720 mg twice daily Oversuppression of the immune system with increased susceptibility to infection. Active serious digestive system disease. Bone marrow depression. Perform regular complete blood counts for monitoring neutropenia. Effective contraception must be used. Lactation. Severe chronic renal impairment. Avoid live attenuated vaccines. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy Avoid in patients with rare hereditary deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine hosphoribosyl-transferase (HGPRT) (eg, Lesch-Nyhan and Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome). Associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions when used during pregnancy. CellCept and myfortic dosage forms should not be used interchangeably due to differences in absorption. Increased risk of developing lymphomas & other malignancies particularly of the skin. Oversuppression of the immune system with increased susceptibility to infection. Active serious digestive system disease. Bone marrow depression. Perform regular complete blood counts for monitoring neutropenia. Effective contraception must be used. Lactation. Severe chronic renal impairment. Avoid live attenuated vaccines. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy
Myelosuppression, hypertension, infection, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, dizziness, insomnia, headache, tremor, leucopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, polycythaemia, electrolyte imbalances
Hypersensitivity to mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid, pregnancy
Antacids, cholestyramine, decreased mycophenolate mofetil efficacy. Iron decreased mycophenolate mofetil efficacy. Azathioprine, drugs which interfere with enterohepatic recirculation, acyclovir, ganciclovir
Myelosuppression, hypertension, infection, diarrhoea, nausea / vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, dizziness, insomnia, headache, tremor, leucopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, polycythaemia, electrolyte imbalances
Hypersensitivity to mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid, pregnancy
Antacids, cholestyramine, decreased mycophenolate mofetil efficacy. Iron decreased mycophenolate mofetil efficacy. Azathioprine, drugs which interfere with enterohepatic recirculation, aciclovir, ganciclovir
Leucopenia, neutropenia, lymphomas and skin malignancies. Increased risk of infections, constipation, insomnia, increased risk of first trimester pregnancy loss and increased risk of structural abnormalities in the infants born to mothers receiving mycophenolate during pregnancy. Diarrhoea, viral, bacterial & fungal infections, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, headache, cough, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, dyspepsia, flatulence, gastritis, loose stools, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pyrexia, abnormal hepatic function tests, increased blood creatinine
Azathioprine, live vaccines, aciclovir, antacids Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to with aluminium and magnesium hydroxides, mycophenolate sodium, mycophenolic acid, cholestyramine and drugs that interfere with mycophenolate mofetil or any other component enterohepatic circulation, ganciclovir, of the product tacrolimus, oral contraceptives and cyclosporin
Mycophenolate Sodium 360mg Tablet
Myfortic
Prophylaxis of acute transplant rejection in adult patients receiving allogenic renal transplant in combination with ciclosporin and corticosteroids
720 mg twice daily
Leucopenia, neutropenia, lymphomas and skin malignancies. Increased risk of infections, constipation, insomnia, increased risk of first trimester pregnancy loss and increased risk of structural abnormalities in the infants born to mothers receiving mycophenolate during pregnancy. Diarrhoea, viral, bacterial & fungal infections, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, headache, cough, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, dyspepsia, flatulence, gastritis, loose stools, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pyrexia, abnormal hepatic function tests, increased blood creatinine
Azathioprine, live vaccines, aciclovir, antacids Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to with aluminium and magnesium hydroxides, mycophenolate sodium, mycophenolic acid, cholestyramine and drugs that interfere with mycophenolate mofetil or any other component enterohepatic circulation, ganciclovir, of the product tacrolimus, oral contraceptives and cyclosporin
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Nadroparin Calcium 0.2 ml Injection
Fraxiparine
i) Prevention; moderate risk, 0.3 ml SC units daily for at least 7 days or until the patient is ambulant; the first dose being given 2 - 4 hours before the procedure. High risk: 38 IU/kg pre & post -operation and daily thereafter, up to third day post-operation. 57 IU/kg from fourth day after surgery.Continue treatment for at least 10 days. Above 70 kg: 0.4 ml pre-op & until day 3 & 0.6 ml from day 4 onwards. 50 - 69 kg: 0.3 ml prei) Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) op & until day 3 & 0.4 ml from day 4 onwards. Less especially in perioperative and high risk surgical than 50 kg: 0.2 ml pre-operative& until day 3, & 0.3 ml cases ii) Treatment of DVT iii) Unstable angina & nonfrom day 4 onwards ii) Treatment: 2 daily injection 12 Q wave myocardial infarction hourly. Above 100 kg: 1 ml/injection; 90 - 99 kg: 0.9 ml/injection; 80 - 89 kg: 0.8 ml/injection; 70 - 79 kg: 0.7 ml/injection; 60 - 69 kg: 0.6 ml/injection; 50 - 59 kg: 0.5 ml/injection; 40 - 49 kg: 0.4 ml/injection iii) Unstable angina & non-Q wave myocardial infarct: 86 IU anti-Xa/kg SC twice daily with aspirin (75-325 mg PO after loading dose of 160- 325 mg) for 6 days until stabilisation with dose adjusted to body weight i) Prevention; moderate risk, 0.3 ml SC units daily for at least 7 days or until the patient is ambulant; the first dose being given 2 - 4 hours before the procedure. High risk: 38 IU/kg pre & post -operation and daily thereafter, up to third day post-operation. 57 IU/kg from fourth day after surgery.Continue treatment for at least 10 days. Above 70 kg: 0.4 ml pre-op & until day 3 & 0.6 ml from day 4 onwards. 50 - 69 kg: 0.3 ml prei) Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) op & until day 3 & 0.4 ml from day 4 onwards. Less especially in perioperative and high risk surgical than 50 kg: 0.2 ml pre-operative& until day 3, & 0.3 ml cases ii) Treatment of DVT iii) Unstable angina & nonfrom day 4 onwards ii) Treatment: 2 daily injection 12 Q wave myocardial infarction hourly. Above 100 kg: 1 ml/injection; 90 - 99 kg: 0.9 ml/injection; 80 - 89 kg: 0.8 ml/injection; 70 - 79 kg: 0.7 ml/injection; 60 - 69 kg: 0.6 ml/injection; 50 - 59 kg: 0.5 ml/injection; 40 - 49 kg: 0.4 ml/injection iii) Unstable angina & non-Q wave myocardial infarct: 86 IU anti-Xa/kg SC twice daily with aspirin (75-325 mg PO after loading dose of 160- 325 mg) for 6 days until stabilisation with dose adjusted to body weight i) Prevention; moderate risk, 0.3 ml SC units daily for at least 7 days or until the patient is ambulant; the first dose being given 2 - 4 hours before the procedure. High risk: 38 IU/kg pre & post -operation and daily thereafter, up to third day post-operation. 57 IU/kg from fourth day after surgery.Continue treatment for at least 10 days. Above 70 kg: 0.4 ml pre-op & until day 3 & 0.6 ml from day 4 onwards. 50 - 69 kg: 0.3 ml prei) Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) op & until day 3 & 0.4 ml from day 4 onwards. Less especially in perioperative and high risk surgical than 50 kg: 0.2 ml pre-operative& until day 3, & 0.3 ml cases ii) Treatment of DVT iii) Unstable angina & nonfrom day 4 onwards ii) Treatment: 2 daily injection 12 Q wave myocardial infarction hourly. Above 100 kg: 1 ml/injection; 90 - 99 kg: 0.9 ml/injection; 80 - 89 kg: 0.8 ml/injection; 70 - 79 kg: 0.7 ml/injection; 60 - 69 kg: 0.6 ml/injection; 50 - 59 kg: 0.5 ml/injection; 40 - 49 kg: 0.4 ml/injection iii) Unstable angina & non-Q wave myocardial infarct: 86 IU anti-Xa/kg SC twice daily with aspirin (75-325 mg PO after loading dose of 160- 325 mg) for 6 days until stabilisation with dose adjusted to body weight i) Prevention; moderate risk, 0.3 ml SC units daily for at least 7 days or until the patient is ambulant; the first dose being given 2 - 4 hours before the procedure. High risk: 38 IU/kg pre & post -operation and daily thereafter, up to third day post-operation. 57 IU/kg from fourth day after surgery.Continue treatment for at least 10 days. Above 70 kg: 0.4 ml pre-op & until day 3 & 0.6 ml from day 4 onwards. 50 - 69 kg: 0.3 ml prei) Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) op & until day 3 & 0.4 ml from day 4 onwards. Less especially in perioperative and high risk surgical than 50 kg: 0.2 ml pre-operative& until day 3, & 0.3 ml cases ii) Treatment of DVT iii) Unstable angina & nonfrom day 4 onwards ii) Treatment: 2 daily injection 12 Q wave myocardial infarction hourly. Above 100 kg: 1 ml/injection; 90 - 99 kg: 0.9 ml/injection; 80 - 89 kg: 0.8 ml/injection; 70 - 79 kg: 0.7 ml/injection; 60 - 69 kg: 0.6 ml/injection; 50 - 59 kg: 0.5 ml/injection; 40 - 49 kg: 0.4 ml/injection iii) Unstable angina & non-Q wave myocardial infarct: 86 IU anti-Xa/kg SC twice daily with aspirin (75-325 mg PO after loading dose of 160- 325 mg) for 6 days until stabilisation with dose adjusted to body weight Perioperative analgesia, for relief of moderate to severe pain 10 - 20 mg SC, IM or IV every 3 - 6 hours
Previous hypersensitivity to unfractionated heparin, patients with thrombocytopenia prior to therapy and recent childbirth. Peptic ulcer disease, renal impairment (dose reductions if severe), liver disease (alterations in haemostasis may affect response to nadroparin). Recent lumbar puncture. Vasculitis, concurrent use of aspirin (increased bleeding risk). Pericarditis or pericardial effusion
Overt or concealed haemorrhage; rarely, severe thrombocytopenia, small haematoma, cutaneous necrosis at injection site; raised transaminases, hypoaldosteronism
Hypersensitivity to nadroparin, cerebrovascular haemorrhage or other active haemorrhage (except disseminated intravascular NSAIDs, aspirin, oral anticoagulants, coagulation). Cerebral aneurysm, severe and antiplatelet agents, dextrans uncontrolled hypertension (risk of cerebral haemorrhage)
Fraxiparine
Fraxiparine
Fraxiparine
Nalbuphine HCl 10 mg/ml Injection
Nubain
Impaired renal/hepatic function, MI, impaired respiration, biliary tract surgery
Sedation, sweating, GI upsets, vertigo, dry mouth, allergic reactions
Hypersensitivity to nalbuphine
Phenothiazines, alcohol, CNS depressants
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
For the complete/partial reversal of narcotic depression including respiratory depression induced by opioids such as natural and synthetic narcotics. Diagnosis of suspected acute opioids overdosage
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Naloxone HCl 0.02 mg/ml Injection
Narcan
0.005 - 0.01 mg/kg body weight repeated at intervals of 2 - 3 minutes according to the patient's needs by IM, IV or SC
Opiate withdrawal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, Dependence may precipitate withdrawal symptoms, tachycardia, tremor, sweating, pulmonary concurrent cardiotoxic drugs, pre-existing cardiac oedema, hyperventilation, cardiac dysrhythmia, Hypersensitivity to naloxone disease, narcotic dependency, pregnancy, biliary colic, dysphagia, memory impairment, lactation, neonates seizure, agitation, dyspnea, laryngeal spasm, pulmonary edema, tachyarrhythmia Dependence may precipitate withdrawal symptoms, concurrent cardiotoxic drugs, pre-existing cardiac disease, narcotic dependency, pregnancy, lactation, neonates Opiate withdrawal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, tremor, sweating, pulmonary oedema, hyperventilation, cardiac dysrhythmia, Hypersensitivity to naloxone biliary colic, dysphagia, memory impairment, seizure, agitation, dyspnea, laryngeal spasm, pulmonary edema, tachyarrhythmia Concomitant opioid analgesics, opioid dependency or withdrawal, hypersensitivity to naltrexone, acute hepatitis or liver failure
Clonidine: hypertension
Naloxone HCl 0.4 mg/ml Injection
Narcan
For the complete/partial reversal of narcotic depression including respiratory depression induced by opioids such as natural and synthetic narcotics. Diagnosis of suspected acute opioids overdosage
Initially 0.4 - 2 mg IV repeated at intervals of 2 - 3 minutes according to patient's needs
Clonidine: hypertension
Naltrexone HCl 50 mg Tablet
Trexan
Nandrolone Decanoate 25 mg/ml Injection
Deca-Durabolin
Naproxen 25 mg/ml Suspension
Naprosyn
Naproxen 250 mg Tablet
Naprosyn
Naproxen Sodium 275 mg Tablet
Should be discontinued at least 48 hours before elective surgery involving opioid analgesia. When Adjunct in relapse prevention treatment in detoxified analgesia is required, larger doses than usual of formerly opioid-dependant patients opioids will be needed and there is an increased risk of respiratory depression and other adverse effects Congestive heart failure or hypertension.Patients with coronary artery disease, previous myocardial infarction, or lipid-lipoprotein abnormalities, hepatic ADULT: 25 - 50 mg every 3 weeks by IM. CHILD over or renal function impairment, diabetes mellitus, Anabolic therapy 2 years: 25 - 50 mg every 3 to 4 weeks benign prostatic hypertrophy, breast-feeding period, lupus erythematosus, previous hypersensitivity to other androgens or anabolic steroids Active or previous history of gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding or perforation. History of renal CHILD: over 5 years: 10 mg/kg daily in 2 divided or liver dysfunction or coagulation defects. Juvenile arthritis doses Hypertension or cardiac conditions aggravated by fluid retention and oedema, dehydration, diuretics, pregnancy and lactation Active or previous history of gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding or perforation. History of renal i) Rheumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing i) 0.5 - 1 g daily in 2 divided doses ii) 750 mg initially or liver dysfunction or coagulation defects. spondylitis ii) Acute gout iii) Muscular skeletal then 250 mg 8 hourly iii) 500 mg initially then 250 mg Hypertension or cardiac conditions aggravated by disorder, dysmenorrhoea every 6 - 8 hour as required fluid retention and oedema, dehydration, diuretics, pregnancy and lactation Active or previous history of gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding or perforation. History of renal i) Rheumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis and alkylosing i) 0.5 - 1 g daily in 2 divided doses ii) 750 mg initially or liver dysfunction or coagulation defects. spondylitis ii) Acute gout iii) Muscular skeletal disorder then 250 mg 8 hourly iii) 500 mg initially then 250 mg Hypertension or cardiac conditions aggravated by and dysmenorrhoea every 6 - 8 hours as required fluid retention and oedema, dehydration, diuretics, pregnancy and lactation Initial 25 mg may be increased to 50 mg. Maintenance: 350 mg weekly; administered as 50 mg daily. Dosing interval may be lengthened to improve compliance; 100 mg on alternate days or 150 mg every third day Infections of the skin due to susceptible organisms Treatment of the following conditions where bacterial infection is present or likely to occur: eczemas, prurigo nodularis, psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis), neurodermatoses, anal and genital intertrigo Treatment of the following conditions where bacterial infection is present or likely to occur: eczemas, prurigo nodularis, psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis), neurodermatoses, anal and genital intertrigo Treatment of the following conditions where bacterial infection is present or likely to occur: eczemas, prurigo nodularis, psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis), neurodermatoses, anal and genital intertrigo Treatment of the following conditions where bacterial infection is present or likely to occur: eczemas, prurigo nodularis, psoriasis (excluding widespread plaque psoriasis), neurodermatoses, anal and genital intertrigo Infections of the skin due to susceptible organisms Apply sparingly to affected area up to 3 times daily (For short term use, 1 - 2 weeks)
Opioid withdrawal-like syndrome, nausea, headache, dizziness, anxiety
Opioids analgesics: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Disulfiram may increase risk of hepatotoxicity. Thioridazine may cause lethargy and somnolence
Acne, amenorrhoea, oedema, hypertension, virilization, hypoglycaemia, lipid abnormalities
Hypersensitivity to nandrolone products, male breast/prostate cancer, metastatic female breast cancer with hypercalcaemia, nephrosis/nephrotic phase of nephritis, known/suspected pregnancy, severe liver disease Hypersensitivity, active or history of peptic ulceration. Patients whom aspirin & other NSAIDs induced symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, urticaria or other allergic reactions Hypersensitivity, active or history of peptic ulceration. Patients whom aspirin & other NSAIDs induced symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, urticaria or other allergic reactions Hypersensitivity, active or history of peptic ulceration. Patients whom aspirin & other NSAIDs induced symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, urticaria or other allergic reactions Hypersensitivity to neomycin or other aminoglycosides
Increased toxicity: Oral anticoagulants, insulin, oral hypoglycaemic agents, adrenal steroids, ACTH
Abdominal discomfort, epigastric distress, gastrointestinal reactions, peptic ulceration, skin rash, pruritus, insomnia, visual disturbance, headache, nausea, peripheral oedema, tinnitus, vertigo. Prolongs bleeding time Abdominal discomfort, epigastric distress, gastrointestinal reactions, peptic ulceration, skin rash, pruritus, insomnia, visual disturbance, headache, nausea, peripheral oedema, tinnitus, vertigo. Prolongs bleeding time Abdominal discomfort, epigastric distress, gastrointestinal reactions, peptic ulceration, skin rash, pruritus, insomnia, visual disturbance, headache, nausea, peripheral oedema, tinnitus, vertigo. Prolongs bleeding time
Probenecid, oral anticoagulants, thiazide diuretics, ACEIs, beta-blockers, methotrexate, lithium, aspirin, other NSAIDs
Neomycin 0.5% Cream
Skin sensitization or contact dermatitis. The Superinfection may occur on prolonged use. Renal sensitivity disappears when treatment is impairment discontinued
Not known
Neomycin 0.5% in Betamethasone 17-Valerate 0.01% Cream
Betnovate-N
Skin sensitization or contact dermatitis. The Apply sparingly to affected area 2 - 3 times daily. (May Superinfection may occur on prolonged use. Renal sensitivity disappears when treatment is cause sensitisation to neomycin. Use with caution) impairment discontinued Apply sparingly to affected area 2 to 3 times daily. (May cause sensitisation to Neomycin. Use with caution) Skin sensitization or contact dermatitis. The Superinfection may occur on prolonged use. Renal sensitivity disappears when treatment is impairment discontinued
Not known
Neomycin 0.5% in Betamethasone 17-Valerate 0.01% Ointment
Betnovate-N
Not known
Neomycin 0.5% in Betamethasone 17-Valerate 0.1% Cream
Betnovate-N
Skin sensitization or contact dermatitis. The Apply sparingly to affected area 2 - 3 times daily (May Superinfection may occur on prolonged use. Renal sensitivity disappears when treatment is cause sensitisation to neomycin. Use with caution) impairment discontinued Apply sparingly to affected area 2 to 3 times daily. (May cause sensitisation to neomycin. Use with caution) Apply sparingly to affected area up to 3 times daily (For short term use, 1- 2 weeks) Skin sensitization or contact dermatitis. The Superinfection may occur on prolonged use. Renal sensitivity disappears when treatment is impairment discontinued Superinfection may occur on prolonged use, renal impairment Skin sensitization or contact dermatitis. The sensitivity disappears when treatment is discontinued
Not known
Neomycin 0.5% in Betamethasone 17-Valerate 0.1% Ointment
Betnovate-N
Not known
Neomycin 0.5% Ointment
Hypersensitivity to neomycin or other aminoglycosides
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Neomycin with Polymyxin B Sulphate Neosporin and Gramicidin Eye Drops
Eye infections that require a broad spectrum antibiotic
1 - 2 drops in the affected eye 2 - 4 times daily. In severe infections : 1 - 2 drops every 15 - 30 minutes
Cross-sensitivity may occur with kanamycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, and gentamicin. Prolonged use may enable overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi
Burning and stinging or local irritation may occur. The preparation may also be associated with localized hypersensitivity (due to neomycin content). Symptoms consist of ocular itching, reddening, conjunctival oedema, rash, or persistent irritation, and may be mistakenly confused as a worsening of the condition being Hypersensitivity to any of the components or to treated. Sensitization to neomycin is more likely Not known other aminoglycosides when the drug is given topically for longer than 5 or 6 days. These reactions are reversible. The product should be discontinued if signs of sensitization occur, and such patients should avoid neomycin-containing products in the future. Bilateral periorbital oedema has been reported Allergic reactions, salivation, gastrointestinal upsets, diaphoresis, diarrhea, flatulence, increased peristalsis, nausea and vomiting, cardiac dysrhythmia, anaphylaxis, seizure, bronchospasm, respiratory arrest, respiratory depression Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity (auditory & vestibular toxicity); local reactions; GI effects, fever; blood coagulation abnormalities Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity (auditory & vestibular toxicity); local reactions; GI effects, fever; blood coagulation abnormalities Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity (auditory & vestibular toxicity); local reactions; GI effects, fever; blood coagulation abnormalities Antagonism effect by lithium, antimuscarinics, aminoglycoside, clindamycin, procainamide, quinidine, propranolol. Enhanced effect of suxamethonium. Chloroquine have potential to increase symptoms of myasthenia gravis. Cyclopropane or halothane Lysine, tacrolimus, neuromuscular blockers such as alcuronium, pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium Lysine, tacrolimus, neuromuscular blockers such as alcuronium, pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium Lysine, tacrolimus, neuromuscular blockers such as alcuronium, pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium
Neostigmine Methylsulphate 2.5 mg/ml Injection
Prostigmine
i) Myasthenia gravis ii) Reversal of non-depolarising neuromuscular blockade
Netilmicin Sulphate 100 mg/2 ml Injection
Netromycin
Systemic infections
Netromycin
Systemic infections
Netromycin
Systemic infections
Nevirapine 200 mg Tablet
Nicotinic Acid 50 mg Tablet
Niacin
Nicotinic Acid 500 mg Tablet
Niacin
Nifedipine 10 mg Capsule
Adalat
Nifedipine 10 mg Tablet
Adalat
Hepatic impairment, history of chronic hepatitis, Treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other 200 mg once daily for first 14 days then 200 mg twice hepatic disease, pregnancy. Avoid use in patients antiretroviral agents daily with CD4 cell counts more than 250 cells/mm3 in adult women and 400 cells/mm3 in adult men Renal disease, history of liver disease, consumption of substantial quantities of alcohol, Prophylactic: 15 - 30 mg daily. Therapeutic: 50 - 250 unstable angina, concurrent vasoconstrictors and For prophylaxis and treatment of Vitamin B3 mg daily. Maximum single dose: 200 mg. Maximum concurrent anticoagulants. Predisposition to gout. deficiency dose in 24 hours: 800 mg Women have a greater hypolipidaemic response than men at equivalent doses. Pregnancy and lactation Renal disease, history of liver disease, 100 - 200 mg 3 times daily, gradually increased over 2 consumption of substantial quantities of alcohol, - 4 weeks to 1 - 2 g 3 times daily with or after meals. unstable angina, concurrent vasoconstrictors and CHILD: 100 - 250 mg/day in 3 divided doses with Hyperlipidaemia concurrent anticoagulants. Predisposition to gout. meals, increase 100 mg/day weekly or 250 mg/day Women have a greater hypolipidaemic response every 2 - 3 weeks as tolerated. Maximum: 10 than men at equivalent doses. Pregnancy and mg/kg/day lactation Angina (exacerbation) during initiation of treatment, with dosage increases, during beta-blocker withdrawal, taper slowly prior to calcium channel blocker therapy. Chronic renal insufficiency, combination therapy with beta-blockers (with left ventricular dysfunction), congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal hypermotility (extended release dose forms) and obstruction (extended release 10 - 30 mg 3 times daily. Maximum: 120 - 180 mg per Hypertension dose forms). Hypotension (with initial therapy, day combination beta-blocker therapy), liver function, isolated transaminase elevation usually mild and transient, hepatocellular injury may occur, peripheral oedema (confounding physical findings in congestive failure), persistent dermatologic reactions induced by calcium antagonists have progressed to erythema multiforme or exfoliative dermatitis Angina (exacerbation) during initiation of treatment, with dosage increases during beta-blocker Initial dose of 10 mg twice daily. Usual range 10 - 30 withdrawal, taper slowly prior to calcium channel Hypertension mg 3 times daily. Maximum: 120 - 180 mg per day blocker therapy. Chronic renal insufficiency, combination therapy with beta-blockers (with left ventricular dsfunction)
i) ADULT: 1 - 2.5 mg at suitable intervals by SC, IM or IV. Usual total daily dose 5 - 20 mg. CHILD: 200 - 500 mcg at suitable intervals throughout the day. NEONATE: 50 - 250 mcg every 4 hours ii) By IV injection over 1 minute, 50 - 70 mcg/kg (maximum 5 mg) after or with atropine sulphate 0.6 - 1.2 mg ADULT: 4 - 6.5 mg/kg/day IM or IV in 2 - 3 equally divided doses for 7 - 14 days. Maximum: 7.5 mg/kg/day. CHILD: 5 - 7.5 mg/kg/day 8 - 12 hourly depending on gestation and age. Maximum: 7.5 mg/kg/day ADULT: 4 - 6.5 mg/kg/day IM or IV in 2 - 3 equally divided doses for 7 - 14 days. Maximum: 7.5 mg/kg/day. CHILD: 5 - 7.5 mg/kg/day 8 - 12 hourly depending on gestation and age. Maximum: 7.5 mg/kg/day ADULT: 4 - 6.5 mg/kg/day IM or IV in 2 - 3 equally divided doses for 7 - 14 days. Maximum: 7.5 mg/kg/day. CHILD: 5 - 7.5 mg/kg/day 8 - 12 hourly depending on gestation and age. Maximum: 7.5 mg/kg/day
Bronchial asthma (extreme caution), bronchitis, bradycardia, peptic ulcer, epilepsy, parkinsonism, pregnancy and lactation Renal impairment; neuromuscular disorder eg myasthenia gravis or Parkinson, hypocalcaemia. Pregnancy & lactation. Good hydration during treatment required Renal impairment; neuromuscular disorder eg myasthenia gravis or Parkinson, hypocalcaemia. Pregnancy & lactation. Good hydration during treatment required Renal impairment; neuromuscular disorder eg myasthenia gravis or Parkinson, hypocalcaemia. Pregnancy & lactation. Good hydration during treatment required
Mechanical intestinal or urinary obstruction, peritonitis
Known allergy to netilmicin products/aminoglycosides
Hepatitis, hepatic failure (life threatening), Hypersensitivity to nevirapine or any component Methadone, rifampicin, ketoconazole, other hepatotoxicity, severe skin reaction, headache, of the formulation, breast feeding, severe antivirals such as saquinaxir, indinavir, St. fatique, diarrhoea, nausea, rash hepatic impairment John's wort, warfarin Flushing with burning of the hands, ears and face, pruritis and rash, gastrointestinal upset, hypotension, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, feeling of restlessness, headache, hypotension, rash, tingling, itching and dry skin Flushing with burning of the hands, ears and face, pruritis and rash, gastrointestinal upset, hypotension, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, feeling of restlessness, headache, hypotension, rash, tingling, itching and dry skin
Active liver disease, active peptic ulcer disease, Aspirin, atorvastatin, colestipol, cholestyramine, hypersensitivity to niacin or any of its fluvastatin, isoniazid, lovastatin, nicotine, components simvastatin, ethanol and pravastatin
Active liver disease, active peptic ulcer disease, Aspirin, atorvastatin, colestipol, cholestyramine, hypersensitivity to niacin or any of its fluvastatin, isoniazid, lovastatin, nicotine, components simvastatin, ethanol and pravastatin
Peripheral oedema, headache, dizziness, tachycardia
Beta-adrenergic blockers, cimetidine, digoxin, Hypersensitivity to nifedipine, symptomatic diltiazem, fluconazole, itraconazole, hypotension, persistent dermatologic reactions, ketoconazole, magnesium, oral anticoagulants, chronic heart failure phenytoin, quinidine, rifampin, saquinavir, vincristine
Peripheral oedema, headache, dizziness, tachycardia
Beta-adrenergic blockers, cimetidine, digoxin, Hypersensitivity to nifedipine, symptomatic diltiazem, fluconazole, itraconazole, hypotension, persistent dermatologic reactions, ketoconazole, magnesium, oral anticoagulants, chronic heart failure phenytoin, quinidine, rifampin, saquinavir, vincristine
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
CYP3A4 inhibitors including ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, ritonavir, clarithromycin, telithromycin, CYP3A4 inducers such as phenytoin, rifampicin, carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, St. John's wort, antacids, H2blockers, proton pump inhibitors, midazolam, astemizole, quinidine, bepridil, ergot alkaloids, warfarin, amiodarone, disopyramide, procainamide, sotalol, chloroquine, haloperidol, methadone, grapefruit juice, moxifloxacin, clozapine, digoxin
Nilotinib 200 mg Capsule
Tasigna
Treatment of chronic phase and accelerated phase Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) in adults who: i) Failed 400 mg twice daily, 12 hours apart. No food should be imatinib ie no cytogenic response and no taken two hours before and 1 hour after taking the haematological response by 12 months ii) Have dose molecular resistance to Imatinib as shown by molecular mutation studies iii) Are intolerant to Imatinib
Myelosuppression. Patients with hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, under antiarrhythmic medications and anthracycline therapy may develop QT prolongation. Hepatic impairment. History of pancreatitis. Galactose intolerance, severe lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption. Pregnancy. May impair ability to drive or operate machines
Nimodipine 10 mg/50 ml Infusion Solution
Nimotop
Prophylaxis & treatment of ischaemic neurological deficits caused by cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage of aneurysmal origin
Severe blood pressure lowering. IV infusion of 1 mg/hour for a period of 2 hours (about Generalised cerebral oedema or raised intracranial Gastrointestinal disturbances. In addition for 15 mcg/kg/hour). IV therapy should be started no later Hypersensitivity to nimodipine, within 1 month of pressure, hypotension. Pregnancy. Monitor renal infusion: deterioration of renal function, than 4 days after haemorrhage & continue for up to 10 myocardial infarction, unstable angina function when used with nephrotoxic drugs disturbances of heart rhythm, phlebitis, increase - 14 days of liver enzymes
Nimodipine 30 mg Tablet
Nimotop
Prophylaxis & treatment of ischaemic neurological deficits caused by cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage of aneurysmal origin
360 mg daily in divided doses for 7 days
Nitrazepam 5 mg Tablet
Mogadon
Epilepsy (infantile spasms)
5 - 10 mg at bedtime. ELDERLY or debilitated 2.5 - 5 mg. CHILD not recommended. Increasing slowly according to response i) Acute uncomplicated infections: ADULT: 50 mg every 6 hours or 100 mg every 12 hours with food for 7 days. CHILD more than 3 months: 3mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses ii) Severe chronic recurrent infection: ADULT: 100 mg every 6 hours with food for 7 days (dose reduced or discontinued if severe nausea) iii) Prophylaxis: 50 - 100 mg at night. CHILD over 3 months: 1 mg/kg at night Infuse and titrate to desired pressure response. Range: 0.05 - 0.5 mcg/kg/minute
Potentiates effects of antihypertensives. IV betablockers (avoid). Possible increase of nimodipine blood concentration with cimetidine. Possible decrease of nimodipine efficacy with rifampicin. Nephrotoxic drugs, monitor renal function, zidovudine, cimetidine, antiepileptics, rifampicin, grapefruit juice Potentiates effects of antihypertensives. IV betaSevere blood pressure lowering. blockers (avoid). Possible increase of Generalised cerebral oedema or raised intracranial Gastrointestinal disturbances. In addition for nimodipine blood concentration with cimetidine. Hypersensitivity to nimodipine within 1 month of pressure, hypotension. Pregnancy. Monitor renal infusion: deterioration of renal function, Possible decrease of nimodipine efficacy with myocardial infarction, unstable angina function when used with nephrotoxic drugs disturbances of heart rhythm, phlebitis, increase rifampicin. Nephrotoxic drugs, monitor renal of liver enzymes function, zidovudine, cimetidine, antiepileptics, rifampicin, grapefruit juice Elderly patients (increased sensitivity to central Hypersensitivity to nitrazepam products or nervous system effects), pregnancy, breast benzodiazepines, respiratory depression, acute Confusion, dependence, dizziness, drowsiness, Enhances sedative effect of centrally acting feeding, respiratory disease, muscle weakness, pulmonary insufficiency, severe hepatic amnesia drugs hepatic and renal impairment, avoid prolong use impairment, myasthenia gravis, sleep apnoea and abrupt withdrawal, reduce dose in elderly and syndrome debilitated Pulmonary disorders or hepatic impairment, neurological or allergic disorders, anaemia, diabetes mellitus, elderly and debilitated, monitor lung and liver function on long-term therapy Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarhoea, acute and chronic pulmonary reactions, peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatic reaction (hepatic necrosis, hepatic failure, hepatitis, jaundice) Impaired renal function, infants less than 3 months old, glucose-6-phosphate deficiency (G6PD) including breast-feeding of affected infants, pregnancy at term and porphyria Concurrent use with norfloxacin may result in antagonism of antibacterial effect of norfloxacin. Fluconazole may increased risk of hepatic or pulmonary toxicity. Probenecid, antacids
Peripheral oedema, dry skin, pruritus, rash, hyperglycemia (grades 3 or 4), hypophosphatemia (grades 3 or 4), constipation, diarrhoea, increased serum lipase level (grade 3 or 4), nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, bone pain, myalgia, pain in limb, muscle spasm, asthenia, headache, fatigue, Lactation. Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, long cough, dyspnoea, nasopharyngitis, fever, QT syndrome sudden death, prolonged QT interval, intracranial hemorrhage, pneumonia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, anemia, febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, ALT (SGPT) level raised, AST/SGOT level raised, hyperbilirubinemia
Nitrofurantoin 100 mg Tablet
Furadantin
Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections
Noradrenaline Acid Tartrate (Norepinephrine Bitartrate) 4 mg/4 ml Levophed Injection
Septic shock and shock where peripheral vascular resistance is low
Peripheral vascular thrombosis, concomitant cyclopropane and halothane anaesthesia, profound hypoxia. Coadministration with MOAIs or tricyclic antidepressants. Sulfite allergy (seen more frequently in asthmatic than nonasthmatic patients)
Gangrene, cyanosis peripheral. Occasionally, bradycardia, anxiety, transient headache, plasma volume depletion (prolonged Blood volume deficit administration), respiratory difficulty, ischaemic injury Gastrointestinal distress, oedema, menstrual disorders, dermatologic effects, nausea, fatique, depression, acne, hirsutism, breast tenderness, thromboembolic phenomena, galactorrhoea, decreased glucose tolerance, anaphylaxis, corticoid like reaction (high doses) Hypersensitivity, breast carcinoma, liver disease or dysfunction, pregnancy, incomplete abortion, abnormal and undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, active or history of thromboembolic disease, thrombophlebitis, hypercoagulable state. Cerebral vascular or coronary artery diseases Pregnancy, thromboembolic diseases, hypertension, acute and severe chronic liver disease, existing or treated breast or uterine cancers, severe diabetes with vascular changes, history of or existing liver tumours, disturbances of lipid metabolism, history of extrauterine pregnancy if one tube is missing
MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants
Norethisterone 0.35 mg Tablet
Noriday
Contraception
Gastrointestinal disease (impaired absorption of oral contraceptive steroids in the small bowel due 1 tablet daily starting on the first day of the menstrual to inflammatory disease, diarrhoea, ileostomy or bleeding jejunoileal bypass may result in contraceptive failure)
Effectiveness may be reduced by antibiotics, phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbiturates, rifampicin
Norethisterone Enanthate 200 mg/ml Noristerat Injection
Contraception
Benign and rarely malignant liver tumours which may lead to life threatening intra abdominal haemorrhage have been observed. If severe upper By deep IM injection only. First injection is within first 5 abdominal complaints, liver enlargement or signs of Nausea, headache, dizziness, depressive days of the cycle. The next 3 injections are given at 8 intra abdominal haemorrhage occur, a liver tumour moods, spotting, breakthrough bleeding, weeks interval after which the injection interval should should be considered. Porphyria, diabetes, amenorrhoea, rarely weight gain be extended to 12 weeks smoking, age, sickle cell anaemia, history of phlebitis or thromboembolic diseases, impaired liver function, history of extrauterine pregnancy if one tube is missing ADULT and CHILD more than 1 year : 1-2 drops 4 times daily. First day : 1 - 2 drops two hourly during waking hours (depending on severity) Apply liberally to affected area twice daily or as required. After lesion has disappeared continue treatment for 10 days to prevent relapses. Nail infection: Cut nails as short as possible. Apply cream once daily until growth of new nail has set in Apply liberally to affected area twice daily or as required. After lesion has disappeared continue treatment for 10 days to prevent relapses. Nail infection: Cut nails as short as possible. Apply cream once daily until growth of new nail has set in Pregnancy, lactation, children less than 1 year, impaired renal function, CNS disorders
Action may be impaired by barbiturates, phenylbutazone, hydantoins, rifampicin and ampicillin
Norfloxacin 0.3% Eye Drops
Chibroxin
Superficial infections of the eye (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA) and its adnexae
Hypersensitivity to norfloxacin or other Local burning or smarting. Rarely, conjunctival quinolones. History of tendinitis or tendon hyperemia, chemosis, photophobia and a bitter rupture associated with norfloxacin or other taste following instillation quinolones Skin irritation Hypersensitivity to nystatin
Not known
Nystatin 100,000 units/g Cream
Mycostatin
Prevention and treatment of cutaneous infections caused by Candida albicans
Pregnancy
Not known
Nystatin 100,000 units/g Ointment
Mycostatin
Prevention and treatment of cutaneous or mucocutaneous infections caused by Candida albicans Prevention and treatment of candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, protection against candidas overgrowth during antimicrobial /corticosteroid therapy and as selective decontamination regimens
Pregnancy
Skin irritation
Hypersensitivity to nystatin
Not known
Nystatin 100,000 units/ml Suspension
Mycostatin
NEWBORN: 50,000-100,000 units daily. CHILD up to 5 years: 100,000 -500,000 units 6 hourly. CHILD up to Not intended to treat systemic mycoses. If 6-12 years and ADULT: 500,000-1,000,000 units 3 to hypersensitivity develops, discontinue use 4 times daily
GI disturbances, rash, urticaria , Steven Johnson Syndrome, oral irritation
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
GI disturbances, rash, urticaria, Steven Johnson Syndrome, oral irritation
Contraindications
Interactions
Nystatin 500,000 units Tablet
Mycostatin
Prevention and treatment of candidiasis of the skin ADULT: 500,000 -1,000,000 units 6 hourly, according and mucous membranes, protection against candidas Not intended to treat systemic mycoses. If to severity of infections. CHILD: 100,000-500,000 overgrowth during antimicrobial /corticosteroid therapy hypersensitivity develops, discontinue use units 6 hourly and as selective decontamination regimens i) Acromegaly ii) Treatment of patients with symptoms associated with gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine tumours iii) Carcinoid tumours with features of the carcinoid syndrome, VIPomas, glucagonomas, gastrinomas/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, GRFomas, insulinomas iv) Prevention of complications following pancreatic surgery v) Emergency management of bleeding gastro-eosophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis
Not known
Octreotide 0.05 mg/ml Injection
Sandostatin
Local reaction and discomfort at injection site. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, flatulence, loose i, ii and iii) Initially 0.005 - 0.1 mg SC 1 - 2 times daily, stools, diarrhoea, steatorrhea, rarely increase gradually up to 0.1 - 0.2 mg 3 times daily iv) Growth hormone secreting pituitary tumours (can progressive abdominal distension, severe 0.1 mg 3 times daily for 7 consecutive days, starting expand and cause space occupying effects), epigastric pain, abdominal tenderness, Hypersensitivity to octreotide on the day of operation, at least 1 hour before insulinomas (exaggerate hypoglycaemia), diabetes, guarding, acute pancreatitis. Impairment of postlaparotomy v) 25 mcg/hour for 5 days by continous IV pregnancy and lactation prandial glucose tolerance, hyperglycaemia, infusion hypoglycemia, isolated case of hepatic dysfunction, bradycardia, anaphylactic reactions. Long-term treatment: gallstones Local reaction and discomfort at injection site. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, flatulence, loose i, ii and iii) Initially 0.005 - 0.1 mg SC 1 - 2 times daily, stools, diarrhoea, steatorrhea, rarely increase gradually up to 0.1 - 0.2 mg 3 times daily iv) Growth hormone secreting pituitary tumours (can progressive abdominal distension, severe 0.1 mg 3 times daily for 7 consecutive days, starting expand and cause space occupying effects), epigastric pain, abdominal tenderness, Hypersensitivity to octreotide on the day of operation, at least 1 hour before insulinomas (exaggerate hypoglycaemia), diabetes, guarding, acute pancreatitis. Impairment of postlaparotomy v) 25 mcg/hour for 5 days by continous IV pregnancy and lactation prandial glucose tolerance, hyperglycaemia, infusion hypoglycemia, isolated case of hepatic dysfunction, bradycardia, anaphylactic reactions. Long-term treatment: gallstones Local reaction and discomfort at injection site. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, flatulence, loose stools, diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, rarely progressive abdominal distension, severe epigastric pain, abdominal tenderness, Hypersensitivity to octreotide guarding, acute pancreatitis. Impairment of postprandial glucose tolerance, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia. Isolated case of hepatic dysfunction, bradycardia, anaphylactic reactions. Long-term treatment: gallstones Local reaction and discomfort at injection site. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, flatulence, loose stools, diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, rarely progressive abdominal distension, severe epigastric pain, abdominal tenderness, Hypersensitivity to octreotide guarding, acute pancreatitis. Impairment of postprandial glucose tolerance, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia. Isolated case of hepatic dysfunction, bradycardia, anaphylactic reactions. Long-term treatment: gallstones Hypersensitiviti to ofloxacin, pregnancy, lactation
Reduces absorption of cyclosporin, cimetidine. Increases bioavailability of bromocriptine
Octreotide 0.1 mg/ml Injection
Sandostatin
i) Acromegaly ii) Treatment of patients with symptoms associated with gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine tumours iii) Carcinoid tumours with features of the carcinoid syndrome, VIPomas, glucagonomas, gastrinomas/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, GRFomas, insulinomas iv) Prevention of complications following pancreatic surgery v) Emergency management of bleeding gastro-eosophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis
Octreotide Acetate 20 mg Injection
Sandostatin LAR
i) Adjunctive treatment for active acromegaly (second/third line therapy in whom surgery or radiotherapy is inappropriate or ineffective- based on level of growth hormone and high IGF-1 and residual pituitary tumor). ii) Treatment of symptoms associated 10 - 30 mg every 4 weeks as deep intragluteal with functional gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine injection tumours. iii) Carcinoid tumours with features of the carcinoid syndrome, VIPomas, Glucagonomas, Gastrinomas/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Insulinomas, for pre-operative control of hypoglycemia and for maintenance therapy, GRFomas. i) Adjunctive treatment for active acromegaly (second/third line therapy in whom surgery or radiotherapy is inappropriate or ineffective- based on level of growth hormone and high IGF-1 and residual pituitary tumor). ii) Treatment of symptoms associated 10 - 30 mg every 4 weeks as deep intragluteal with functional gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine injection tumours. iii) Carcinoid tumours with features of the carcinoid syndrome, VIPomas, Glucagonomas, Gastrinomas/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Insulinomas, for pre-operative control of hypoglycemia and for maintenance therapy, GRFomas. Acute otitis media with tympanostomy tubes, chronic suppurative otitis media with perforated tympanic membranes and otitis externa CHILD: 1 - 12 years: 5 drops twice daily for 10 days. ADULT and CHILD over 12 years: 6 - 10 drops twice daily and remain in the ear about 10 minutes
Insulinomas, diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, cardiovascular disease, renal impairment
Octreotide Acetate 30 mg Injection
Sandostatin LAR
Insulinomas, diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, cardiovascular disease, renal impairment
Ofloxacin 0.3% Otic Solution
Tarivid
If otic therapy does not resolve otorrhea after a full course of therapy, further evaluation is suggested Ear ache, secondary fungal infection, otalgia, for other underlying causes. Prolonged use may hearing reduction result in overgrowth of fungal CNS disorders or other risk factors that may predispose to seizures or lower the seizure threshold. Renal or hepatic impairment, diabetes. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. Children less than 18 years CNS disorders or other risk factors that may predispose to seizures or lower the seizure threshold. Renal or hepatic impairment, diabetes. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. Children less than 18 years
Antacids, sucralfate, oral antidiabetics, warfarin, theophylline, probenecid, aminoglycosides, betalactam antibiotics
Ofloxacin 100 mg Tablet
Tarivid
i) As second-line treatment of leprosy ii) As secondline treatment for tuberculosis and multidrug resistant i) 400 mg/day ii) 400 mg twice daily iii) 200 mg twice tuberculosis (MDR-TB) iii) Sequential therapy for UTI daily and pyelonephritis
Rash, GI discomfort, insomnia, dizziness, rash, pruritus, headache, photosensitivity, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, cardiac dysrhythmia, QT Hypersensitivity to quinolones. Pregnancy, prolongation, immune hypersensitivity reaction, lactation traumatic or non-traumatic rupture of tendon, peripheral neuropathy, seizure Rash, GI discomfort, insomnia, dizziness, rash, pruritus, headache, photosensitivity, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, cardiac dysrhythmia, QT Hypersensitivity to quinolones. Pregnancy, prolongation, immune hypersensitivity reaction, lactation traumatic or non-traumatic rupture of tendon, peripheral neuropathy, seizure
Ofloxacin 200 mg Injection
Rifocin
Sequential therapy for UTI and pyelonephritis
200 mg IV twice daily for 3 - 5 days followed with 200 mg tablet twice daily for 3 - 5 days as maintenance dose (if necessary)
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Olanzapine 10 mg Disintegrating Tablet
Zyprexa Zydis
Olanzapine 10 mg Tablet
Zyprexa
History of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, patients with liver disease, seizure disorder, pneumonia, narrow angle glaucoma, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, history of breast cancer, tardive dyskinesia, gastrointestinal obstruction, paralytic i) 5 - 10 mg once daily, increase to 10 mg once daily ileus, cerebrovascular disease, elderly, i) Acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia within 5 - 7 days, adjust by 5 - 10 mg/day at 1 week hypotension, hypovolaemia, dehydration, risk of and other psychoses where positive and or negative intervals, maximum 20 mg/day ii) 10 - 15 mg once aspiration pneumonia, hyperglycemia and diabetes symptoms are prominent ii) Short-term use for acute daily, increase by 5 mg/day at intervals of not less mellitus. Elevated ALT and or AST, hepatic mania episodes associated with Bipolar 1 disorder than 24 hours. Maintenance 5 - 20 mg/day; maximum impairment, limited hepatic functional reserve, 20 mg/day seizures, low leukocyte/neutrophil counts, history or existing bone marrow depression, hypereosinophilic conditions, myeloproliferative disease; prostatic hypertrophy, paralytic ileus. Pregnancy and lactation. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery History of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, patients with liver disease, seizure disorder, pneumonia, narrow angle glaucoma, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, history of breast cancer, tardive dyskinesia, GI obstruction, paralytic ileus, i) 5 - 10 mg once daily, increase to 10 mg once daily cerebrovascular disease, elderly, hypotension, i) Acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia within 5 - 7 days, adjust by 5 - 10 mg/day at 1 week hypovolaemia, dehydration, risk of aspiration and other psychoses where positive and or negative intervals, maximum 20 mg/day ii) 10 - 15 mg once pneumonia,hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. symptoms are prominent ii) Short-term use for acute daily, increase by 5 mg/day at intervals of not less Elevated ALT &/or AST, hepatic impairment; limited mania episodes associated with Bipolar 1 disorder than 24 hours. Maintenance 5 - 20 mg/day; maximum hepatic functional reserve; seizures; low 20 mg/day leukocyte/neutrophil counts; history or existing bone marrow depression; hypereosinophilic conditions; myeloproliferative disease; prostatic hypertrophy, paralytic ileus. Pregnancy & lactation. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery History of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, patients with liver disease, seizure disorder, pneumonia, narrow angle glaucoma, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, history of breast cancer, tardive dyskinesia, GI obstruction, paralytic ileus, i) 5 - 10 mg once daily, increase to 10 mg once daily cerebrovascular disease, elderly, hypotension, i) Acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia within 5 - 7 days, adjust by 5 - 10 mg/day at 1 week hypovolaemia, dehydration, risk of aspiration and other psychoses where positive and or negative intervals, maximum 20 mg/day ii) 10 - 15 mg once pneumonia,hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. symptoms are prominent ii) Short-term use for acute daily, increase by 5 mg/day at intervals of not less Elevated ALT &/or AST, hepatic impairment; limited mania episodes associated with Bipolar 1 disorder than 24 hours. Maintenance 5 - 20 mg/day; maximum hepatic functional reserve; seizures; low 20 mg/day leukocyte/neutrophil counts; history or existing bone marrow depression; hypereosinophilic conditions; myeloproliferative disease; prostatic hypertrophy, paralytic ileus. Pregnancy & lactation. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery History of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, patients with liver disease, seizure disorder, pneumonia, narrow angle glaucoma, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, history of breast cancer, tardive dyskinesia, gastrointestinal obstruction, paralytic i) 5 - 10 mg once daily, increase to 10 mg once daily ileus, cerebrovascular disease, elderly, i) Acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia within 5 - 7 days, adjust by 5 - 10 mg/day at 1 week hypotension, hypovolaemia, dehydration, risk of and other psychoses where positive and or negative intervals, maximum 20 mg/day ii) 10 - 15 mg once aspiration pneumonia, hyperglycemia and diabetes symptoms are prominent ii) Short-term use for acute daily, increase by 5 mg/day at intervals of not less mellitus. Elevated ALT and or AST, hepatic mania episodes associated with Bipolar 1 disorder than 24 hours. Maintenance 5 - 20 mg/day; maximum impairment, limited hepatic functional reserve, 20 mg/day seizures, low leukocyte/neutrophil counts, history or existing bone marrow depression, hypereosinophilic conditions, myeloproliferative disease, prostatic hypertrophy, paralytic ileus. Pregnancy and lactation. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery Impacted wax softener 3 - 4 drops 3 - 4 or as directed Perforated ear drum Temporary prevention of ocular itching due to allergic ADULT and CHILD over 3 years old: 1-2 drops twice conjunctivitis daily. Maximum duration of treatment: 4 months i)20 - 80 mg 1 - 2 times daily up to 8 - 12 weeks ii)20 mg twice daily in combination with any of the 2 antibiotics (clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1 g twice daily or metronidazole 400 mg twice daily)for 1 - 2 weeks iii) 20 mg once daily for 4 6 weeks iv) ADULT: 20 - 120 mg once daily adjusted according to the patient's response. CHILD 0.4 - 0.8 mg/kg/day Pregnancy, lactation
Somnolence, agitation, dizziness, constipation, drowsiness, weight gain, peripheral oedema, dry mouth, postural hypotension, elevated liver Hypersensitivity to olanzapine products, narrow transaminases, hyperglycaemia, diabetic angle glaucoma, lactation ketoacidosis . weight gain, dizziness, increased appetite, orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, constipation, tardive dyskinesia
Carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, fluvoxamine, levodopa, haloperidol, activated charcoal, ethanol, central alpha-2 agonists, cimetidine, epinephrine, muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants. May antagonise the effects of dopamine agonist. Other centrally-acting drugs including alcohol. Activated charcoal
Olanzapine 5 mg Tablet
Zyprexa
Olanzapine 5mg Disintegrating Tablet
Zyprexa Zydis
Somnolence, agitation, dizziness, constipation, drowsiness, weight gain, peripheral oedema, dry mouth, postural hypotension, elevated liver Hypersensitivity to olanzapine products, narrow transaminases, hyperglycaemia, diabetic angle glaucoma, lactation ketoacidosis, weight gain, dizziness, increased appetite, orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, constipation, tardive dyskinesia
Olive Oil Ear Drops Olopatadine HCl 0.1% Opthalmic Solution Patanol
Not known Headache, asthenia, burning or stinging, cold syndrome, dry eye, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, keratitis, lid edema, pharyngitis, pruritis, rhinitis, sinusitis, taste perversion
Not known
Not known
Hypersensitivity to Olopatadine HCl or any other Not known ingredient of the products
Omeprazole 10 mg Capsule
Losec
Only for : i)Reflux oesophagitis ii)For eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection iii)Benign peptic ulcer not responding to conventional therapy iv)Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Proton pump inhibitors reduce gastric acidity and increase the risk of gastrointestinal infections. It may mask symptoms of gastric cancer (exclude malignancy in suspected gastric ulcers)
Gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhoea, nausea and constipation, headache, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, rash
Hypersensitivity to omeprazole or to any of its components
May prolong elimination of diazepam, warfarin and phenytoin. Increases plasma concentration of clarithromycin, ketoconazole
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Omeprazole 20 mg Capsule
Losec
Omeprazole 40 mg Injection
Losec
i)20 - 80 mg 1 - 2 times daily up to 8 - 12 weeks ii)20 mg twice daily in combination with any of the 2 Only for : i)Reflux oesophagitis ii)For eradication of antibiotics (clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, Helicobacter pylori infection iii)Benign peptic ulcer not amoxicillin 1 g twice daily or metronidazole 400 mg responding to conventional therapy iv)Zollinger-Ellison twice daily)for 1 - 2 weeks iii) 20 mg once daily for 4 Syndrome 6 weeks iv) ADULT: 20 - 120 mg once daily adjusted according to the patient's response. CHILD 0.4 - 0.8 mg/kg/day i) Reflux oesophagitis, eradication of H. Pylori i) 40 mg IV once daily when oral therapy is infection, benign peptic ulcer not responding to inappropriate ii) 40- 160 mg by IV in single or divided conventional therapy, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ii) doses Endoscopically confirmed peptic ulcer
Gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhoea, nausea and constipation, headache, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, rash
May prolong elimination of diazepam, warfarin and phenytoin. Increases plasma concentration of clarithromycin, ketoconazole
Proton pump inhibitors reduce gastric acidity & GI effects such as diarrhoea, nausea & increase the risk of GI infections. It may mask constipation, headache, cough, upper symptoms of gastric cancer (exclude malignancy in respiratory tract infection, rash suspected gastric ulcers)
May prolong elimination of diazepam, warfarin & phenytoin. Increases plasma concentration of clarithromycin, ketoconazole In patients treated with potent inducers of CYP3A4 (ie phenytoin, carbamazepine and rifampicin), the oral clearance of ondansetron was increased and ondansetron blood concentrations were decreased. Ondansetron may reduce the analgesic effect of tramadol
Ondansetron 4 mg Tablet
Zofran
i)Prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy ii) Postoperative nausea and vomiting
i)8 mg 1 - 2 hours before treatment then 8 mg every 12 hours for up to 5 days. CHILD, treatment by infusion followed by 4 mg by mouth every 12 hours for Pregnancy, lactation, hepatic impairment. May up to 5 days ii)Prevention of postoperative nausea mask progressive ileus and/or gastric distension and vomiting, 16 mg 1 hour before anaesthesia or 8 mg 1 hour before anaesthesia followed by 8 mg at intervals of 8 hours for a further 2 doses i)8 mg given by IV infusion over 15 minutes or by IM immediately before treatment followed by 8 mg orally every 12 hours for up to 5 days. CHILD 5 mg/m2 body surface IV over 15 minutes immediately before chemotherapy followed by 4 mg orally every 12 hours Pregnancy, lactation, hepatic impairment. May for up to 5 days ii)Prevention : 4 mg given by IV at mask progressive ileus and/or gastric distension induction of anaesthesia. CHILD over 2 years, 100 mcg/kg (max 4mg) by slow IV before, during or after induction of anaesthesia. Treatment of postoperative: 4 mg by IM or slow. CHILD over 2 years 100 mcg/kg (maximum 4mg) by slow IV i)8 mg 1 - 2 hours before treatment then 8 mg every 12 hours for up to 5 days. CHILD, treatment by infusion followed by 4 mg by mouth every 12 hours for Pregnancy, lactation, hepatic impairment. May up to 5 days ii)Prevention of postoperative nausea mask progressive ileus and/or gastric distension and vomiting, 16 mg 1 hour before anaesthesia or 8 mg 1 hour before anaesthesia followed by 8 mg at intervals of 8 hours for a further 2 doses
Headache, malaise, fatique, sedation, diarrhea, constipation, anaphylaxis sensation of flushing Hypersensitivity to any component of the or warmth in the head and epigastrium, preparation or other selective 5-HT3 occasionally transient visual disturbances and antagonists dizziness, involuntary movements, seizures and arrhythmias
Ondansetron 4 mg/2ml Injection
Zofran
i)Prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy ii)Postoperative nausea and vomiting
In patients treated with potent inducers of CYP3A4 (ie, phenytoin, carbamazepine and rifampicin), the oral clearance of ondansetron was increased and ondansetron blood concentrations were decreased. Ondansetron may reduce the analgesic effect of tramadol
Ondansetron 8 mg Tablet
Zofran
i)Prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy ii) Postoperative nausea and vomiting
In patients treated with potent inducers of CYP3A4 (ie phenytoin, carbamazepine and rifampicin), the oral clearance of ondansetron was increased and ondansetron blood concentrations were decreased. Ondansetron may reduce the analgesic effect of tramadol
Ondansetron 8 mg/4ml Injection
Zofran
Oral Rehydration Salt
Orphenadrine 100 mg Tablet
Norflex
i)8 mg given by IV infusion over 15 minutes or by IM immediately before treatment followed by 8 mg orally every 12 hours for up to 5 days. CHILD 5 mg/m2 body surface IV over 15 minutes immediately before i)Prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy followed by 4 mg orally every 12 hours chemotherapy and radiotherapy ii)Postoperative for up to 5 days ii)Prevention : 4 mg given by IV at nausea and vomiting induction of anaesthesia. CHILD over 2 years, 100 mcg/kg (max 4mg) by slow IV before, during or after induction of anaesthesia. Treatment of postoperative: 4 mg by IM or slow. CHILD over 2 years 100 mcg/kg (maximum 4mg) by slow IV ADULT: 200 - 400 ml ( 1 - 2 sachets ) for every loose motion. CHILD: 200 ml (1 sachet) for every loose Replacement of fluid and electrolytes loss in diarrhoea motion. In severe dehydration 100 ml/kg for 3 - 4 hours. INFANT: 1 - 1.5 times their usual feed volume (50 ml per stool for small infant) Initially 150 mg daily in divided doses. Maximum: 400 Painful muscle spasm mg daily
Pregnancy, lactation, hepatic impairment. May mask progressive ileus and/or gastric distension
In patients treated with potent inducers of CYP3A4 (ie, phenytoin, carbamazepine and rifampicin), the oral clearance of ondansetron was increased and ondansetron blood concentrations were decreased. Ondansetron may reduce the analgesic effect of tramadol
Cardiac failure, hypertension, impaired renal function, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, toxaemia in pregnancy
Hypernatremia, nausea and vomiting
Patients with renal failure or hyperkalaemia
Potassium sparing diuretics
Ortho-phthalaldehyde 0.55% Solution Cidex Opa
High level disinfectant for sensitive endoscopes or semi-critical reusable medical devices
Oxaliplatin 50 mg Injection
Eloxatin
Only for patients with colorectal cancer who: i) have relapsed within 6 months after the end of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil-based regime ii) have progressive disease despite 5-fluorouracil 85 mg/m2 IV repeated every 2 weeks chemotherapy for advanced disease iii) good performance status (WHO of 2 or less). The treatment must be given in a tertiary oncology centre or have clearance in writing by an oncologist For the relief of symptoms of bladder instability associated with voiding in patients with uninhibited neurogenic or reflex neurogenic bladder (ie urgency, frequency, urinary leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria)
Tachycardia, cardiac decompensation, coronary insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, pregnancy Irritation to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Manual reprocessing, at least 12 minute immersion Must wear personal protective equipment. time at room temperature (20 degree celcius) is Preparation room must be well ventilated. Reuse required. Automatic endoscope reprocessor, at least 5 period not to exceed 14 days. Do not use on critical minute immersion time at a minimum of 25 degree medical devices that are intended for use in a celcius is required sterile area of the body (e.g. cataract surgical instruments) Presence or history of peripheral neuropathy, preexisting renal or hepatic impairment, significant bone marrow suppression may cause pulmonary fibrosis, avoid extravasation
Nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, rarely rash or Glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy or bladder drowsiness, dry mouth neck obstruction, myasthenia gravis
Not known
For reprocessing of urological instruments used Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dermatitis, itching, on patients with history of bladder cancer. May Strong acids, strong alkaline, strong oxidizing eye conjunctivitis, stinging or excess tearing result in anaphylactic-like reaction in bladder agents and asthma cancer patients undergoing repeated cystoscopy
Anaphylactic, anaemia, dyspnoea, febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, fever, nausea, diarrhoea, colitis, increased liver enzymes, dyspnoea
Hypersensitivity to oxaliplatin, pregnancy, lactation, bone marrow suppression, hepatic impairment
Drugs with potential neurological toxicity, docetaxel, paclitaxel, aminoglycosides
Oxybutynin Chloride 5 mg Tablet
Ditropan
ADULT: Initially 2.5 - 5 mg 2 - 3 times daily increased if necessary to maximum 5 mg 4 times daily. ELDERLY: Initially 2.5 - 3 mg twice daily, increased to 5 mg twice daily according to response and tolerance. CHILD over 5 years, neurogenic bladder instability: 2.5 - 3 mg twice daily increased to 5 mg twice daily
High temperature, elderly, autonomic neuropathy, ileus, ulcerative colitis, hyperthyroidism, chronic heart disease, prostatic hypertrophy, reflux oesophagitis
Dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, dizziness, impotence, skin reactions, restlessness
Glaucoma, gastrointestinal obstruction, paralytic ileus, intestinal atony, megacolon, toxic Side effects enhanced by antidepressants, megacolon, ulcerative colitis, severe colitis, antipsychotics, antihistamine, anti-parkinsonian myasthenia gravis, obstructive uropathy, drugs unstable cardiovascular status in acute haemorrhage
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Oxycodone HCl 10 mg Prolonged Release Tablet
Oxycontin
History or tendency for drug abuse. Risk of criminal diversion similar to morphine; obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale, substantial decrease in respiratory reserve, hypoxia, hypercapnia, pre-existing respiratory depression or kyphoscoliosis associated with respiratory depression (increased risk for respiratory depression); circulatory shock, hypovolemia, concurrent use with other drugs which may decrease blood pressure; concomitant ADULT, ELDERLY and CHILDREN more than 18 administration with central nervous system Management of moderate to severe chronic cancer years, opioid-naive patients: 10 mg 12 hourly. Renal depressants; elderly or debilitated patients (greater pain non-responsive to morphine (in accordance with or hepatic impairment: 5 mg 12 hourly. Titrate dose risk of respiratory depression); head injury, WHO step-wise ladder of chronic pain management) carefully, as frequently as once a day if necessary, to increased intracranial pressure, central nervous [Initiated by Chronic Pain Specialist only] achieve pain relief system depression or coma; acute abdominal conditions; acute alcoholism, delirium tremens; Addison?s disease; iliary tract disease, including acute pancreatitis. Hypothyroidism, biliary tract disease, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disorders, prostatic hypertrophy, adrenocortical insufficiency; renal/hepatic disease; 24 hours prior to cordotomy or other pain relieving surgery; abdominal surgery, chronic non-malignant pain. Avoid abrupt cessation of prolonged use & therapy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Pregnancy History or tendency for drug abuse. Risk of criminal diversion similar to morphine; obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale, substantial decrease in respiratory reserve, hypoxia, hypercapnia, pre-existing respiratory depression or kyphoscoliosis associated with respiratory depression (increased risk for respiratory depression); circulatory shock, hypovolemia, concurrent use with other drugs which may decrease blood pressure; concomitant ADULT, ELDERLY and CHILDREN more than 18 administration with central nervous system Management of moderate to severe chronic cancer years, opioid-nave patients: 10 mg 12 hourly. Renal depressants; elderly or debilitated patients (greater pain non-responsive to morphine (in accordance with or hepatic impairment: 5 mg 12 hourly. Titrate dose risk of respiratory depression); head injury, WHO step-wise ladder of chronic pain management) carefully, as frequently as once a day if necessary, to increased intracranial pressure, central nervous [Initiated by Chronic Pain Specialist only] achieve pain relief system depression or coma; acute abdominal conditions; acute alcoholism, delirium tremens; Addison?s disease; iliary tract disease, including acute pancreatitis. Hypothyroidism, biliary tract disease, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disorders, prostatic hypertrophy, adrenocortical insufficiency; renal/hepatic disease; 24 hours prior to cordotomy or other pain relieving surgery; abdominal surgery, chronic non-malignant pain. Avoid abrupt cessation of prolonged use & therapy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Pregnancy
GI and CNS disturbances, bronchospasm, dyspnoea, pharyngitis, voice alteration, orthostatic hypotension, rash, sweating, pruritus, fever and chills, constipation, xerostomia, asthenia, dizziness, sedated, apnoea, respiratory arrest, respiratory depression
Acute or severe bronchial asthma or hypercarbia, hypersensitivity to oxycodone, paralytic ileus, respiratory depression. Acute respiratory depression, cor pulmonale, cardiac arrhythmias, acute asthma or other obstructive airways disease, paralytic ileus, suspected surgical abdomen, severe renal impairment, delayed gastric emptying, acute alcoholism, brain tumour, increased cerebrospinal or intracranial pressure, head injury, severe CNS depression, convulsive disorders, delirium tremens, hypercarbia. Concurrent MAOIs (or within 2 weeks). Pre-operative or within 24 hours post-operative. Lactation
Anticholinergics, antihypertensives, CNS depressants including sedatives or hypnotics, general anaesthetics, phenothiazines, other tranquillizers, alcohol, other opioids & neuroleptics; muscle relaxants, coumarin derivatives, metoclopramide, MAOIs, neuromuscular blockers, opioid analgesics, drugs that involve cytochrome P450 enzyme system eg CYP3A4, CYP2D6
Oxycodone HCl 20 mg Prolonged Release Tablet
Oxycontin
GI and CNS disturbances, bronchospasm, dyspnoea, pharyngitis, voice alteration, orthostatic hypotension, rash, sweating, pruritus, fever and chills, constipation, xerostomia, asthenia, dizziness, sedated, apnoea, respiratory arrest, respiratory depression
Acute or severe bronchial asthma or hypercarbia, hypersensitivity to oxycodone, paralytic ileus, respiratory depression. Acute respiratory depression, cor pulmonale, cardiac arrhythmias, acute asthma or other obstructive airways disease, paralytic ileus, suspected surgical abdomen, severe renal impairment, delayed gastric emptying, acute alcoholism, brain tumour, increased cerebrospinal or intracranial pressure, head injury, severe CNS depression, convulsive disorders, delirium tremens, hypercarbia. Concurrent MAOIs (or within 2 weeks). Pre-operative or within 24 hours post-operative. Lactation
Anticholinergics, antihypertensives, CNS depressants including sedatives or hypnotics, general anaesthetics, phenothiazines, other tranquillizers, alcohol, other opioids & neuroleptics; muscle relaxants, coumarin derivatives, metoclopramide, MAOIs, neuromuscular blockers, opioid analgesics, drugs that involve cytochrome P450 enzyme system eg CYP3A4, CYP2D6
Oxymetazoline HCl 0.025% (Paediatric) Nasal Drops
Afrin, Iliadin
Oxymetazoline HCl 0.025% (Paediatric) Nasal Spray
Afrin, Iliadin
Oxymetazoline HCl 0.05% (Adult) Nasal Drops
Afrin, Iliadin
Oxymetazoline HCl 0.05% (Adult) Nasal Spray
Afrin, Iliadin
Oxymetholone 50 mg Tablet
Anapolon
After local use of oxymetazoline transient irritation may occur. Rebound congestion may Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, occur after frequent or prolonged nasal use. Acute colds, paranasal sinusitis and otitis media hypertension, prostatic enlargement, prolonged use Systemic effects have occurred after local over 3 to 5 days, thyroid disease administration, burning, sneezing, nasal dryness, hypertension After local use of oxymetazoline transient irritation may occur. Rebound congestion may Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, 2 - 3 sprays into each nostril twice daily for child more occur after frequent or prolonged nasal use. Acute colds, paranasal sinusitis and otitis media hypertension, prostatic enlargement, prolonged use than 1 year Systemic effects have occurred after local over 3 to 5 days, thyroid disease administration, burning, sneezing, nasal dryness, hypertension After local use of oxymetazoline transient irritation may occur. Rebound congestion may Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, occur after frequent or prolonged nasal use. Acute colds, paranasal sinusitis and otitis media 1 - 2 drops twice daily in each nostril hypertension, prostatic enlargement, prolonged use Systemic effects have occurred after local over 3 to 5 days, thyroid disease administration, burning, sneezing, nasal dryness, hypertension After local use of oxymetazoline transient irritation may occur. Rebound congestion may Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, 2 - 3 sprays into each nostril twice daily, maximum 6 occur after frequent or prolonged nasal use. Acute colds, paranasal sinusitis and otitis media hypertension, prostatic enlargement, prolonged use sprays per nostril/day Systemic effects have occurred after local over 3 to 5 days, thyroid disease administration, burning, sneezing, nasal dryness, hypertension Mild hepatic dysfunction, congestive heart failure or hypertension, patients with coronary artery disease, ADULT and CHILD: 1 - 5 mg/kg daily in one daily previous myocardial infarction or lipid-lipoprotein Anaemias caused by the administration of myelotoxic dose. Usual effective dose 1 - 2 mg/kg/day, given for a Oedema, hypertension, virilization, nausea and abnormalities. Renal function impairment, diabetes drugs, treatment of AIDS-wasting syndrome minimum trial of 3 - 6 months because response may vomiting, hepatotoxicity mellitus, benign prostatic hyperplasia, previous be delayed hypersensitivity to other androgens or anabolic steroids and children 1 - 2 drops twice daily in each nostril for child more than 1 year
Skin and mucosal inflammation of the nasal vestibules with incrustation, narrow angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity to oxymetazoline or other adrenergic agents Skin and mucosal inflammation of the nasal vestibules with incrustation, narrow angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity to oxymetazoline or other adrenergic agents Skin and mucosal inflammation of the nasal vestibules with incrustation, narrow angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity to oxymetazoline or other adrenergic agents Skin and mucosal inflammation of the nasal vestibules with incrustation, narrow angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity to oxymetazoline or other adrenergic agents Hypersensitivity to oxymetholone products, male breast or prostate cancer, metastatic female breast cancer with hypercalcaemia, nephrosis or nephrotic phase of nephritis, known or suspected pregnancy, severe liver disease
Anticholinergic, beta blockers, linezolid, methylphenidate, tricyclic antidepressants, hypertensive crisis if used during treatment with MAOI Anticholinergic, beta blockers, linezolid, methylphenidate, tricyclic antidepressants, hypertensive crisis if used during treatment with MAOI Anticholinergic, beta blockers, linezolid, methylphenidate, tricyclic antidepressants, hypertensive crisis if used during treatment with MAOI Anticholinergic, beta blockers, linezolid, methylphenidate, tricyclic antidepressants, hypertensive crisis if used during treatment with MAOI
Dicumarol, warfarin
Generic Name
Oxytetracycline with Polymyxin B Sulphate Eye Ointment
Trade Name
Terramycin
Indications
Conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis, trachoma, blepharitis, pre-op prophylaxis against infection
Dosage Form
Apply into the conjunctival sac 4 times daily
Precautions
Prolonged use may enable overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi
Adverse Reaction
Allergic reaction
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any of the components Hypersensitivity to oxytocin, significant cephalopelvic disproportion, unfavorable fetal positions, fetal distress, hypertonic or hyperactive uterus, contraindicated vaginal delivery Not known
Interactions
Oxytocin 10 units/ml Injection
Pitocin
Induction of labour
IV: 0.5 - 1 milliunits/minute; gradually increase dose in increments of 1 - 2 milliunits/minute until desired For induction or enhancement only as IV infusion, contraction pattern is established; dose may be careful monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine decreased after desired frequency of contractions is contractions are required reached and labor has progressed to 5 - 6 cm dilation i) 1 ml IM, may be repeated after 2 hours. Should not exceed 3 ml within 24 hours ii) For routine management of third stage of labour, 1 ml IM following delivery of the anterior shoulder or immediately after delivery of the child i) 175 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours every 3 weeks ii) 175 mg/m2 IV over 3 hour followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 in every 3 weeks or 135 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks iii) 135 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks i) 175 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours every 3 weeks ii) 175 mg/m2 IV over 3 hour followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 in every 3 weeks or 135 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks iii) 135 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks ADULT 6 mg once daily in the morning, adjusted if necessary; usual range 3 -12 mg daily. Renal impairment (creatinine clearance between 10-50 mL/min) 3 mg once daily. Avoid if creatinine clearance less than 10mL/min Hypertension, cardiac, hepatic or renal disease. Should not be given until after delivery of child & in multiple births not until the last child has been delivered Severe neutropenia, severe hepatic impairment. Caution in patients with ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction and conduction defects. Taxane to be given first when used in combination with platinum analogue to avoid myelosuppression. Increased risk of infection by live vaccines Severe neutropenia, severe hepatic impairment. Caution in patients with ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction and conduction defects. Taxane to be given first when used in combination with platinum analogue to avoid myelosuppression. Increased risk of infection by live vaccines
Gastrointestinal upsets, water intoxication resulting from large amounts of solution or too rapid infusion, cardiac arrhythmias
Prostaglandins, inhalation anaesthetics, vasoconstrictor agents
Oxytocin 5 units & Ergometrine Maleate 0.5 mg/ml Injection
Syntometrine
i) Prevention and treatment of post partum haemorrhage ii) Management of third stage of labour
Gastrointestinal upsets, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, skin rashes. Rarely hypertension, bradycardia, cardiac arrthymias, chest pain, anaphylactoid reactions
Pregnancy, labour (except second stage following delivery of the anterior shoulder), severe hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, Vasoconstrictors, prostaglandins, halothane severe disorders of cardiac, hepatic or renal anaesthesia function, occlusive vascular disease, sepsis and in patients with a history of hypersensitivity History of hypersensitivity reaction to paclitaxel or polyoxyethylated castor oil (Cremophor EL) Doxorubicin, live vaccines, phenytoin, or any component of preparation. Pregnancy, ketoconazole, St John's Wort lactation
Paclitaxel 100 mg/16.6 ml Injection
Taxol / Anzatax
Paclitaxel 30 mg/5 ml Injection
Taxol / Anzatax
i) Treatment of recurrent breast cancer, after failure of anthracycline-based chemotherapy ii) Primary adjuvant therapy in advanced ovarian cancer in combination with cisplatin iii) Treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in chemonaive patients in combination with platinum compounds i) Treatment of recurrent breast cancer, after failure of anthracycline-based chemotherapy ii) Primary adjuvant therapy in advanced ovarian cancer in combination with cisplatin iii) Treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in chemonaive patients in combination with platinum compounds
Alopecia, myelosuppression, severe neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, arrhythmias, hypotension, hypersensitivity reactions, arthralgia, myalgia
Alopecia, myelosuppression, severe neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, arrhythmias, hypotension, hypersensitivity reactions, arthralgia, myalgia
History of hypersensitivity reaction to paclitaxel or polyoxyethylated castor oil (Cremophor EL) Doxorubicin, live vaccines, phenytoin, or any component of preparation. Pregnancy, ketoconazole, St John's Wort lactation
Paliperidone 3 mg Extended Released Tablet
Invega
Invega
Invega
Palivizumab 100mg Injection
Synagis
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia (discontinue use), diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease or conditions predisposing to hypotension, seizure, Parkinson's disease, Second or third line treatment of schizophrenia conditions that contribute to core body temperature elevation or dehydration, pregnancy, adolescent and children. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia (discontinue use), diabetes mellitus, ADULT 6 mg once daily in the morning, adjusted if cerebrovascular disease or conditions predisposing necessary; usual range 3 -12 mg daily. Renal to hypotension, seizure, Parkinson's disease, Second or third line treatment of schizophrenia impairment (creatinine clearance between 10-50 conditions that contribute to core body temperature mL/min) 3 mg once daily. Avoid if creatinine clearance elevation or dehydration, pregnancy, adolescent less than 10mL/min and children. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia (discontinue use), diabetes mellitus, ADULT 6 mg once daily in the morning, adjusted if cerebrovascular disease or conditions predisposing necessary; usual range 3 -12 mg daily. Renal to hypotension, seizure, Parkinson's disease, Second or third line treatment of schizophrenia impairment (creatinine clearance between 10-50 conditions that contribute to core body temperature mL/min) 3 mg once daily. Avoid if creatinine clearance elevation or dehydration, pregnancy, adolescent less than 10mL/min and children. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery Should be given with caution to patients with For the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract thrombocytopenia or any coagulation disorder. disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 15 mg/kg IM once a month during season of RSV risk Injection should be given within 6 hours after paediatric patients at high risk of RSV disease reconstitution
Headache, tachycardia, akathisia, sinus tachycardia, extrapyramidal disorder, somnolence, dizziness, sedation, tremor, Lactation, hypersensitivity to Paliperidone, hypertonia, dystonia, orthostatic hypotension & Risperidone or to any product component dry mouth. Menstrual disturbances, erectile dysfunction, galactorrhoea and gynaecomastia Headache, tachycardia, akathisia, sinus tachycardia, extrapyramidal disorder, somnolence, dizziness, sedation, tremor, Lactation, hypersensitivity to Paliperidone, hypertonia, dystonia, orthostatic hypotension & Risperidone or to any product component dry mouth. Menstrual disturbances, erectile dysfunction, galactorrhoea and gynaecomastia Headache, tachycardia, akathisia, sinus tachycardia, extrapyramidal disorder, somnolence, dizziness, sedation, tremor, Lactation, hypersensitivity to Paliperidone, hypertonia, dystonia, orthostatic hypotension & Risperidone or to any product component dry mouth. Menstrual disturbances, erectile dysfunction, galactorrhoea and gynaecomastia Fever, nervousness, diarrhoea, vomiting, Hypersensitivity to humanised monoclonal rhinitis, cough, wheeze, pain, rash, leucopenia, antibodies abnormal liver function tests
Centrally acting drugs, alcohol, levodopa, dopamine agonists, itraconazole
Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and reproductive toxicity studies have not been performed
Pamidronate Disodium 30 mg Injection
Aredia
Hypercalcaemia of malignancy (tumour -induced hypercalcaemia)
Dose depends on the initial serum calcium levels. Doses range from a single infusion of 30 - 90 mg
Myelosuppression, hypertension, hypotension, thrombophlebitis, malaise, nausea, vomiting, fever, anorexia, hypomagnesaemia, Risk of hypocalcaemia especially in patients with hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypernatraemia, Paget's disease, monitor if pre-existing anaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, anaemia, leucopenia, or thrombocytopenia are present, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, headache, follow complete blood count during the first 2 weeks insomnia, somnolence, conjunctivitis, of treatment, history of hypoparathyroidism. Do not hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbances, administer as a bolus injection or with other rash, transient musculoskeletal pain, reactions bisphosphonates or calcium-containing IV at infusion site, deterioration of preexisting renal infusions. Monitor serum electrolytes, Calcium, disease, acute renal failure, increased serum Hypersensitivity to biphosphonates phosphates, renal function (at the start of treatment creatinine increased serum urea. Uncommon: and prior to each further dose). Renal impairment, allergic reactions, seizures, agitation, dizziness, cardiac disease. Caution in road/machinery users. lethargy, uveitis, dyspepsia, pruritus, muscle Pregnancy, lactation. Children. Severe hepatic cramps, abnormal liver function tests. Rare: impairment. Patients should be advised to inform focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, nephrotic their dentist while under treatment or if dental syndrome, anaphylactic shock, reactivation of surgery is planned herpes simplex and zoster, leukopenia, confusion, visual hallucinations, scleritis, episcleritis, xanthopsia, left ventricular failure, chronic heart failure, haematuria
Caution when coadministration with potentially nephrotoxic drugs. Combination with thalidomide may increase risk of renal dysfunction
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Pamidronate Disodium 90 mg Injection
Aredia
Hypercalcaemia of malignancy (tumour -induced hypercalcaemia)
Dose depends on the initial serum calcium levels. Doses range from a single infusion of 30 - 90 mg
Myelosuppression, hypertension, hypotension, thrombophlebitis, malaise, nausea, vomiting, fever, anorexia, hypomagnesaemia, Risk of hypocalcaemia especially in patients with hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypernatraemia, Paget's disease, monitor if pre-existing anaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, anaemia, leucopenia, or thrombocytopenia are present, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, headache, follow complete blood count during the first 2 weeks insomnia, somnolence, conjunctivitis, of treatment, history of hypoparathyroidism. Do not hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbances, administer as a bolus injection or with other rash, transient musculoskeletal pain, reactions bisphosphonates or Calcium-containing IV at infusion site, deterioration of preexisting renal infusions. Monitor serum electrolytes, Calcium, disease, acute renal failure, increased serum Hypersensitivity to biphosphonates phosphates, renal function (at the start of treatment creatinine increased serum urea. Uncommon: and prior to each further dose). Renal impairment, allergic reactions, seizures, agitation, dizziness, cardiac disease. Caution in road/machinery users. lethargy, uveitis, dyspepsia, pruritus, muscle Pregnancy, lactation. Children. Severe hepatic cramps, abnormal liver function tests. Rare: impairment. Patients should be advised to inform focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, nephrotic their dentist while under treatment or if dental syndrome, anaphylactic shock, reactivation of surgery is planned herpes simplex and zoster, leukopenia, confusion, visual hallucinations, scleritis, episcleritis, xanthopsia, left ventricular failure, chronic heart failure, haematuria Obstruction of the bile ducts Perioral and perianal irritation, skin rash, gastrointestinal disturbance hyperuricaemia, hyperuricosuria, uric acid crystalluria Hypersensitivity reaction to the ingredients (porcine protein)
Caution when coadministration with potentially nephrotoxic drugs. Combination with thalidomide may increase risk of renal dysfunction
Pancreatic Enzymes and Vitamins Tablet
Enzyplex
Replacement or supplemental therapy for digestive disorders associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
1 - 2 tablet with each meal
Acarbose, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, folic acid, ranitidine
Pancreatin 150 mg Capsule
Creon 10000
Pancuronium Bromide 4 mg/2 ml lnj
Pavulon
Pregnancy, lactation. Do not mix with soft foods Treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency due to with a pH of greater than 5.5, doses greater than Initially 1 - 2 capsules with each meal. May increase to conditions such as cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis 6000 units/kg/meal may be associated with 5 - 15 capsules daily and non-pancreatic diseases fibrosing colonopathy, irritation to perioral skin and buccal mucosa if retained in mouth ADULT: Initially 50 - 100 mcg/kg IV, then 10 - 20 mcg/kg as required. CHILD: Initially 60 - 100 mcg/kg Pre-existing pulmonary and renal disease, Muscle relaxant as an adjunct to general anaesthesia then 10 - 20 mcg/kg. NEONATE: 30 - 40 mcg/kg then pregnancy and neonate acidosis, severe electrolyte 10 - 20 mcg/kg. Intensive care, by IV, 60 mcg/kg every disturbances 60 - 90 minutes 40 mg twice daily until oral administration can be resumed. CHILD not recommended i) 40 mg twice daily in combination with any of the 2 antibiotics (Clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, Amoxicillin 1 g twice daily or Metronidazole 400 mg twice daily) for 1-2 weeks ii) 40 mg daily for 2 - 4 weeks iii) 20 - 40 mg daily on morning for 4 weeks iv) 40 mg twice daily. Maximum: 240 mg daily v) 20 mg daily. CHILD not recommended Proton pump inhibitors reduce gastric acidity and increase the risk of gastrointestinal infections. It may mask symptoms of gastric cancer (exclude malignancy in suspected gastric ulcers)
Diarrhoea, constipation, skin reactions, bloating, Hypersensitivity to pork protein, early stages of cramping, nausea, vomiting, hyperuricosuria, Not known acute pancreatitis hyperuricemia perianal irritation
Local reaction at injection site Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea and vomitting, diarrhoea, constipation, upper abdominal pain, flatulence) skin rash, pruritus, dizziness, oedema, fever, depression, vision disturbances, headache, liver enzyme changes, raised triglycerides Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea and vomitting, diarrhoea, constipation, upper abdominal pain, flatulence) skin rash, pruritus, dizziness, oedema, fever, depression, vision disturbances, headache, liver enzyme changes, raised triglycerides
Myasthenia gravis or myasthenic syndrome
Increased activity with ether, halothane, isoflurane and cyclopropane
Pantoprazole 40 mg Injection
Controloc
Bleeding peptic ulcer and acute stress ulceration
Pregnancy, lactation, moderate to severe hepatic or renal impairment. Patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation
May affect absorption of drugs which are pHdependant in patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation
Pantoprazole 40 mg Tablet
Controloc
i) Helicobacter pylori eradication ii) Peptic ulcer disease iii) Erosive and non-erosive reflux oesophagitis (GERD and NERD) iv) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome v) Prevention of NSAID induced gastropathy
Pregnancy, lactation, moderate to severe hepatic or renal impairment. Patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation
May affect absorption of drugs which are pHdependant in patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation Effects slightly potentiated by CNS depressants and synergism when used with morphine. May interfere with the therapeutic effect of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease Anticoagulants, alcohol, liver enzyme inducers, aspirin, chloramphenicol and phenobarbitone
Papaverine HCl 120 mg/10ml Injection
Relief of cerebral and peripheral ischaemia associated ADULT: 30 - 120 mg may be repeated every 3 hours with arterial spasm and myocardial ischaemia Glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, pregnancy as necessary. CHILD: 6 mg/kg daily in 4 divided doses complicated by arrhythmias CHILD: up to 1 year: 60 - 120 mg. 1 - 5 years: 120 240 mg. 6 - 12 years: 240 - 480 mg per dose. Repeat Renal and hepatic failure. Avoid chronic use every 4 - 6 hours when necessary. Maximum of 4 doses in 24 hours CHILD 1 - 5 years: 125 - 250 mg; 6 - 12 years: 250 500 mg; 3 - 11 months: 80 mg inserted every 4 - 6 Symptomatic relief of fever and post operative pain for hours if necessary, maximum 4 doses in 24 hours. Renal and hepatic failure. Avoid chronic use paediatric cases INFANTS under 3 months should not be given Paracetamol unless advised by doctor; a dose of 10 mg/kg (5 mg/kg if jaundiced) is suitable CHILD 1 - 5 years : 125 - 250 mg; 6 - 12 years : 250 500 mg; 3 - 11 months : 80 mg inserted every 4 - 6 Symptomatic relief of fever and post operative pain for hours if necessary, maximum 4 doses in 24 hours. Renal and hepatic failure. Avoid chronic use paediatric cases INFANTS under 3 months should not be given Paracetamol unless advised by doctor; a dose of 10 mg/kg (5 mg/kg if jaundiced) is suitable Mild to moderate pain and pyrexia Mild to moderate pain and pyrexia ADULT: 500 - 1000 mg every 4 - 6 hours, maximum of Renal and hepatic failure. Avoid chronic use 4 g daily Not known Avoid exposure to fire Avoid exposure to fire May be irritating to the throat, bronchopulmonary disease, hepatic impairment, pregnancy, breast feeding
Nausea, constipation, diarrhoea, anorexia, headache, drowsiness, skin rash, sweating, dry mouth/ throat, pruritus, vertigo, hypotension, Complete AV block slight blood pressure increased, increased depth of respiration Allergic reactions, skin rash Nephropathy
Paracetamol 120 mg/5 ml Syrup
Panadol
Paracetamol 125 mg Suppository
Allergic reactions, skin rash
Nephropathy
Anticoagulants, alcohol, liver enzyme inducers, aspirin, chloramphenicol and phenobarbitone
Paracetamol 250 mg Suppository
Allergic reactions, skin rash
Nephropathy
Paracetamol 500 mg Tablet
Panadol
Allergic reactions, skin rash Not known Hypersensitivity to any component Hypersensitivity to any component Hypotension, mental confusion, metabolic acidosis, dyspnoea, delirium, rashes
Nephropathy
Paradichlorobenzene, Turpentine Oil Cerumol and Chlorbutol Ear Drops Paraffin, White Soft Vaseline Paraffin, Yellow Soft Vaseline
Paraldehyde Injection
Occlusion or partial occlusion of the external auditory Instill 5 drops into the ears meatus by soft wax or wax plug Xerosis and ichthyosis Apply to the affected area Xerosis and ichthyosis Apply to the affected area The usual intramuscular dose of paraldehyde for status epilepticus is 0.15 to 0.3 milliliter/kilogram, a moderate additional dose (0.05 milliliter/kilogram) may Status epilepticus be necessary. The dose may be repeated in 2 to 6 hours and no more than 5 milliliters should be administered in one site
Otitis externa, seborrhoeic dermatitis, eczema Not known affecting the external ear, perforated eardrums Hypersensitivity to any component Not known Hypersensitivity to any component Not known Hypersensitivity to paraldehyde products, lung or hepatic disease, gastric disorders
Disulfiram, alcohol
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Parecoxib Sodium 40mg Injection
Dynastat
Management of post operative pain in the immediate post operative setting only
40 mg followed by 20 or 40 mg every 6 to 12 hours, as required. Use limited to two days only with a maximum dose of 80 mg/day. Reduce the initial dose by 50% in elderly less than 50 kg
Moderate hepatic impairment, severe renal impairment, pre-disposition to fluid retention, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, dehydration, history of G1 perforations, ulcers or bleeds. Patients with hypertension or with bleeding disorders
Pefloxacin 400 mg Injection
Peflacine
Infections due to gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens i) Infections due to gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens ii) Uncomplicated UTI, chancroid gonococcal urethritis
Administered as a slow (one hour) intravenous perfusion, after diluting the contents of the 400 mg in Avoid exposure to sunlight or ultra violet light. 250 ml 5% glucose (two perfusions daily, morning and Adjust dosage in severe hepatic insufficiency evening) ADULT i) 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses ii) 800 mg stat Avoid exposure to sunlight or ultra violet light. Adjust dosage in severe hepatic insufficiency
Pefloxacin 400 mg Tablet
Lexinor
Patients undergoing Coronary Bypass Grafting (CABG) procedures and patients with elevated Hypotension, back pain, dizziness, alveolar cardiovascular risk such as those with osteitis, ecchymosis, peripheral oedema, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-IV), bradycardia , increased creatinine, established ischaemic heart disease and or hypokalaemia, agitation, insomnia, cerebrovascular disease, patients who have cerebrovascular disorders, Stevens-Johnson experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type Syndrome, pharyngitis oliguria erythema reactions after taking acetylsalicylic acid, multiforme, acute renal failure NSAIDs, COX-2 specific inhibitors, hypersensitivity to sulphonamides GI disturbances, muscle & or joint pains. G6PD deficiency. Allergy to drugs of the Neurological disturbances. With high dose, quinolone group. Children less than 15 years, thrombocytopenia may occur. Photosensitivity, pregnancy, lactation, history of tendon lesions, tendinitis, ruptures of the Achilles tendon tendinitis or tendon rupture GI disturbances, muscle & or joint pains. G6PD deficiency. Allergy to drugs of the Neurological disturbances. With high dose, quinolone group. Children less than 15 years, thrombocytopenia may occur. Photosensitivity, pregnancy, lactation, history of tendon lesions, tendinitis, ruptures of the Achilles tendon tendinitis or tendon rupture
Warfarin, diuretics, antihypertensives, ACEI, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, fluconazole, ketoconazole, propafenone, metoprolol, phenytoin, diazepam, lithium, CYP2C19 substances
Efficacy reduced by aluminium based antacids. May potentiate theophylline effects. Coumarin (monitor clotting times) Efficacy reduced by aluminium based antacids. May potentiate theophylline effects. Coumarin (monitor clotting times)
Peginterferon Alpha-2a 135 mcg Prefilled Syringe
Pegasys
Chronic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, history of autoimmune disease, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, renal impairment, pregnancy, breast feeding, geriatric i) Chronic hepatitis C usually in combination with patient, monitor CBC regularly. Baseline neutrophil ribavirin (Important to establish hepatitis C virus (HCV) i) 180 mcg weekly with ribavirin 800 mg daily for 24 counts less than 1500 cells/mm3, baseline platelet genotype and viral load where combination treatment weeks in patients in genotype 2 and 3 and 180 mcg counts less than 90,000 cells/mm3, baseline Hb is advocated) ii) For the treatment of both HbeAgweekly with ribavirin (1000 - 1200 mg) for 48 weeks less than 12 g/dL. Combination with positive and HbeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B with for those with genotype 1 and 4. 135 mg dose may be myelosuppressive agents. Autoimmune disorders, compensated liver disease and evidence of viral used for patients who cannot tolerate the 180 mcg psoriasis, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, history of replication who are not responding or tolerating oral dose ii) 180 mcg subcutaneously once a week for 48 depression, ophthalmic, cardiac or pulmonary antiviral therapy (Initiated by Hepatologist and weeks disorders. Discontinue use in patients who develop Gasteroenterologist only) evidence of hepatic decompensation. Perform standard haematological and biochemical tests before and periodically during therapy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery Chronic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, history of autoimmune disease, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, renal impairment, pregnancy, breast feeding, geriatric patient, monitor CBC regularly. Baseline neutrophil counts less than 1500 cells/mm3, baseline platelet counts less than 90,000 cells/mm3, baseline Hb less than 12 g/dL. Combination with myelosuppressive agents. Autoimmune disorders, psoriasis, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, history of depression, ophthalmic, cardiac or pulmonary disorders. Discontinue use in patients who develop evidence of hepatic decompensation. Perform standard haematological and biochemical tests before and periodically during therapy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery Renal or hepatic impairment, diabetes, chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, pregnancy, lactation. Perform baseline and periodic ECG in patients with preexisting cardiac abnormalities. Discontinue if symptoms of pulmonary dysfunction or colitis occur, if neutrophil or platelet counts are severely decreased or if pancreatitis diagnosed. Perform baseline and periodic standard haematologic, blood chemistry and thyroid function tests. Maintain adequate hydration. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery. Ensure adequate contraception in women of childbearing potential Renal or hepatic impairment, diabetes, chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, pregnancy, lactation. Perform baseline and periodic ECG in patients with preexisting cardiac abnormalities. Discontinue if symptoms of pulmonary dysfunction or colitis occur, if neutrophil or platelet counts are severely decreased or if pancreatitis diagnosed. Perform baseline and periodic standard haematologic, blood chemistry and thyroid function tests. Maintain adequate hydration. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery. Ensure adequate contraception in women of childbearing potential
Headache, alopecia, dermatitis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, neutropenia, anaemia, dyspnoea, myalgia, fatigue, rigors, fever, depression, arthralgia, gastrointestinal disturbances, irritability, flu-like symptoms, insomnia, asthenia, pharyngitis, weight loss, anorexia, dizziness, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, injection site and acute hypersensitivity reactions
Hypersensitivity, autoimmune hepatitis, decompensated cirrhosis, severe psychiatric ACEI, fluorouracil, melphalan, prednisolone, disorder, pregnancy and lactation. Neonate and theophylline, warfarin, zidovudine, didanosine infant three years and below
Peginterferon Alpha-2a 180 mcg Prefilled Syringe
Pegasys
i) Chronic hepatitis C usually in combination with ribavirin (Important to establish hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and viral load where combination treatment is advocated) ii) For the treatment of both HbeAgpositive and HbeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B with compensated liver disease and evidence of viral replication who are not responding or tolerating oral antiviral therapy (Initiated by Hepatologist and Gasteroenterologist only)
i) 180 mcg weekly with ribavirin 800 mg daily for 24 weeks in patients in genotype 2 and 3 and 180 mcg weekly with ribavirin (1000 - 1200 mg) for 48 weeks for those with genotype 1 and 4. 135 mg dose may be used for patients who cannot tolerate the 180 mcg dose ii) 180 mcg subcutaneously once a week for 48 weeks
Headache, alopecia, dermatitis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, neutropenia, anaemia, dyspnoea, myalgia, fatigue, rigors, fever, depression, arthralgia, gastrointestinal disturbances, irritability, flu-like symptoms, insomnia, asthenia, pharyngitis, weight loss, anorexia, dizziness, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, injection site and acute hypersensitivity reactions
Hypersensitivity, autoimmune hepatitis, decompensated cirrhosis, severe psychiatric ACEI, fluorouracil, melphalan, prednisolone, disorder, pregnancy and lactation. Neonate and theophylline, warfarin, zidovudine, didanosine infant three years and below
Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b 100 mcg Injection
Peg-Intron
Treatment of: i) Chronic Hepatitis C ii) Chronic Hepatitis B
i) Combination therapy with Ribavirin: ADULT: SC 1.5 mcg/kg/week CHILD and ADOLESCENT (3-17 yr): SC 60 mcg/m2/week for 24-48 weeks Monotherapy: ADULT: SC 1 mcg/kg/week for 24 weeks to 1 year ii) SC 1.0 - 1.5 mcg/kg once weekly for 24-52 weeks
Headache, myalgia, fatigue, insomnia, depression, dizziness, alopecia, pruritus, dermatitis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, neutropenia, anaemia, dyspnoea, headache, rigors, fever, arthralgia, gastrointestinal disturbances, irritability, flu-like symptoms, asthenia, pharyngitis, weight loss, anorexia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, injection site and acute hypersensitivity reactions
Hypersensitivity. Decompensated liver cirrhosis, severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/minute), severe psychiatric ACE inhibitors, fluorouracil, mephalan, conditions, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune prednisolone, theophylline, warfarin, disease, preexisting uncontrolled thyroid zidovudine, didanosine disease. Men whose female partners are pregnant
Peg-Intron
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Renal or hepatic impairment, diabetes, chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, pregnancy, lactation. Perform baseline and periodic ECG in patients with preexisting cardiac abnormalities. Discontinue if symptoms of pulmonary dysfunction or colitis occur, if neutrophil or platelet counts are severely decreased or if pancreatitis diagnosed. Perform baseline and periodic standard haematologic, blood chemistry and thyroid function tests. Maintain adequate hydration. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery. Ensure adequate contraception in women of childbearing potential Renal or hepatic impairment, diabetes, chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, pregnancy, lactation. Perform baseline and periodic ECG in patients with preexisting cardiac abnormalities. Discontinue if symptoms of pulmonary dysfunction or colitis occur, if neutrophil or platelet counts are severely decreased or if pancreatitis diagnosed. Perform baseline and periodic standard haematologic, blood chemistry and thyroid function tests. Maintain adequate hydration. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery. Ensure adequate contraception in women of childbearing potential Renal or hepatic impairment, diabetes, chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, pregnancy, lactation. Perform baseline and periodic ECG in patients with preexisting cardiac abnormalities. Discontinue if symptoms of pulmonary dysfunction or colitis occur, if neutrophil or platelet counts are severely decreased or if pancreatitis diagnosed. Perform baseline and periodic standard haematologic, blood chemistry and thyroid function tests. Maintain adequate hydration. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery. Ensure adequate contraception in women of childbearing potential
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Peg-Intron
Peg-Intron
Peg-Intron
Pentamidine Isethionate 300 mg Injection
Pentamidine
Only for the treatment of pneumonia due to Pneumocytosis carinii
4 mg/kg once daily by slow IV infusion for at least 14 days
Hypotension, hypoglycaemia, pancreatitis, cardiac arrhythmias, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure, hypocalcaemia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Malnutrition, hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia, abnormal liver function tests, albuminuria, Pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, nephrotoxicity, acute hypotension, pancreatitis, pentamidine or diamidine compounds, severe hypertension or hypotension, anaemia, leucopenia gastrointestinal disturbances, confusion, renal impairment or thrombocytopenia, renal impairment, pregnancy hallucinations, arrhythmias, anaemia, hyperkalaemia, rash, pain, local induration, sterile abscess and muscle necrosis at injection site Hypotension, coronary artery disease, renal impairment, severe hepatic impairment Avoid contact with skin and eyes Gastrointestinal effects, hypersensitivity reactions, dizziness, agitation, sleep disturbances, headache Skin and eye irritation Cerebral haemorrhage, extensive retinal haemorrhage, acute myocardial infarction, pregnancy and lactation Not known Bilateral renal artery stenosis or single functioning kidney, severe renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min), dialysis patients, hepatic encephalopathy, severe hepatic impairment, hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia, untreated decompensated cardiac insufficiency. Previous history of angioneurotic oedema linked to treatment with ACE inhibitor, hereditary or idiopathic angioneurotic oedema. Pregnancy and lactation
Pentoxifylline 400 mg Tablet Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide
Trental Perascope
Peripheral vascular disease High level disinfectant or sterilant for heat labile endoscopes
400 mg 2 - 3 times daily Immersion time based on manufacturer recommendation
Nephrotoxic effects of pentamidine when given concomittantly with other nephrotoxic drugs or sequentially, may be additive. Amiodarone, amitriptyline, astemizole, chloral hydrate, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, clarithromycin, droperidol, enflurane, erythromycin, fluconazole, fluoxetine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, halothane, imipramine, isoflurane, mefloquine, octreotide, perphenazine, procainamide, prochlorperazine, promethazine, propafenone, quetiapine, quinidine, risperidone, sotalol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, vasopressin Increased risk of bleeding with ketorolac, possibly increased risk of bleeding with other NSAIDs Corrosive to aluminium, copper, brass and zinc Lithium, insulin, sulfonylureas, baclofen, NSAIDs, high dose salicylates, tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics, corticosteroids, tetracosactide, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium salts, potassium-lowering drugs, anaesthesia, allopurinol, immunosuppressant, cardiac glycosides, procainamide and other drugs which cause torsades de pointes, antihypertensive drugs, metformin, calcium salts, ciclosporin, iodinated contrast media
Perindopril 4 mg and Indapamide 1.25 mg Tablet
Coversyl Plus
Essential hypertension
Perindopril 4 mg Tablet
Coversyl
i) Hypertension ii) Congestive heart failure iii) Stable coronary artery disease
Renal insufficiency especially when associated with systemic autoimmune collagen vascular diseases. Concomitant treatment with immunosuppressant or treatment causing leucopoenia. Marked sodium and water depletion, hypotension, chronic heart failure, One tablet daily cirrhosis with oedema and ascites, ischemic heart disease, cerebral circulatory insufficiency, severe cardiac insufficiency (grade IV) or IDDM patients. Monitor serum potassium regularly. Surgery, elderly, hyperaldosteronism, malnourishment, acute porphyria Arterial hypotension, renal failure, water and sodium depletion, renovascular hypertension, i) 4 mg as single dose, may be increased to a single 8 surgery or anaesthesia, elderly. Haemodialysis, mg dose. ELDERLY: Start treatment with 2 mg dose. avoid combination with highly permeable In renal insufficiency, dose should be adapted membranes (polyacrylonitrile). Measure plasma according to creatinine clearance ii) Single starting creatinine at baseline and during the month oral dose of 2 mg should be increased to a single 4 following institution of treatment. May precipitate mg once BP acceptability has been demonstrated iii) 4 excessive hypotension in severe chronic heart mg once daily for 2 weeks, may be increased to 8 mg failure with or without associated renal once daily. ELDERLY: 2 mg once daily for 1 week, insufficiency. Patients with ischaemic heart disease then 4 mg once daily for the following week, may be or cerebrovascular disease in whom excessive fall increased up to 8 mg once daily in blood pressure may result in myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident, hepatic impairment
Headache, asthenia, dizziness, sleep disturbances, cramps, hypotension, rash, gastrointestinal disturbances, slight reversible increase in urea and plasma creatinine, hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia with hypovolaemia, raised uric acid and blood glucose levels
Angioedema induced by other angiotensin Gastrointestinal disorders, dizziness, converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. headaches, mood and or sleep disorders, Hypersensitivity to this or any other angiotensin asthenia, taste disorder, cramps, localized skin converting enzyme inhibitor. Pregnancy rashes, dry cough, angioneurotic oedema (second and third trimesters particularly)
Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics may induce hyperkalaemia especially in renal failure. Neuroleptics or imipramine-like antidepressants increase risk of postural hypotension. Serum lithium concentrations may rise during lithium therapy
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Perindopril 8 mg Tablet
i) Hypertension ii) Congestive heart failure iii) Stable coronary artery disease
Arterial hypotension, renal failure, water and sodium depletion, renovascular hypertension, i) 4 mg as single dose, may be increased to a single 8 surgery or anaesthesia, elderly. Haemodialysis, mg dose. ELDERLY: Start treatment with 2 mg dose. avoid combination with highly permeable In renal insufficiency, dose should be adapted membranes (polyacrylonitrile). Measure plasma according to creatinine clearance ii) Single starting creatinine at baseline and during the month oral dose of 2 mg should be increased to a single 4 following institution of treatment. May precipitate mg once BP acceptability has been demonstrated iii) 4 excessive hypotension in severe chronic heart mg once daily for 2 weeks, may be increased to 8 mg failure with or without associated renal once daily. ELDERLY: 2 mg once daily for 1 week, insufficiency. Patients with ischaemic heart disease then 4 mg once daily for the following week, may be or cerebrovascular disease in whom excessive fall increased up to 8 mg once daily in blood pressure may result in myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident, hepatic impairment Abdominal sepsis, previous abdominal surgery or severe inflammatory bowel disease. Dialysis solutions should be warmed to body temperature with dry heat because wet heat carries a risk of microbial contamination Abdominal sepsis, previous abdominal surgery or severe inflammatory bowel disease. Dialysis solutions should be warmed to body temperature with dry heat because wet heat carries a risk of microbial contamination Abdominal surgery within 30 days, concomitant conditions precluding normal nutrition, hypercalcemia, impaired respiratory function, insulin-dependent diabetes, potassium deficiency. To reduce possible discomfort during administration, solutions may be warmed prior to use
Angioedema induced by other angiotensin Gastrointestinal disorders, dizziness, converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. headaches, mood and or sleep disorders, Hypersensitivity to this or any other angiotensin asthenia, taste disorder, cramps, localized skin converting enzyme inhibitor. Pregnancy rashes, dry cough, angioneurotic oedema (second and third trimesters particularly)
Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics may induce hyperkalaemia especially in renal failure. Neuroleptics or imipramine-like antidepressants increase risk of postural hypotension. Serum lithium concentrations may rise during lithium therapy
Peritoneal Dialysis with 1.5% Glucose Solution
For chronic renal disease requiring dialysis and for acute renal failure
Peritonitis, hernias, hyperglycaemia, protein malnutrition and catheter complications. Longterm peritoneal dialysis results in progressive Not known structural changes to the peritoneal membrane ultimately resulting in dialysis failure Peritonitis, hernias, hyperglycaemia, protein malnutrition and catheter complications. Longterm peritoneal dialysis results in progressive Not known structural changes to the peritoneal membrane ultimately resulting in dialysis failure
Peritoneal Dialysis with 4.25% Glucose Solution
For chronic renal disease requiring dialysis and for acute renal failure
Peritoneal Dialysis with 7.5% Icodextrin Solution
Extraneal
As a once replacement for a single glucose exchange as part of a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) regimen for the treatment of chronic renal failure, particularly for patients who have lost ultra filtration on glucose solutions
Administered as a single daily exchange for the long dwell in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis or automated peritoneal dialysis. The recommended dwell time is 8 to 16 hours
Peritonitis, high blood pressure, cold, rash, headache, abdominal pain, cough, flu-like symptoms, nausea, swelling, chest pain, upset stomach, and high blood sugar
Patients with a known allergy to cornstarch or icodextrin, or in patients with glycogen storage disease, acute renal failure
Permethrin 5% w/v Lotion
A-Scabs
Treatment of scabies
Apply thoroughly to all body parts. Leave on for 8 - 14 May exacerbate pruritus, oedema and erythema hours. Not recommended for children less than 2 years old Concomitant epinephrine use, seizure disorder, patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal, pregnancy and lactation, respiratory impairment secondary to pulmonary infection or chronic pulmonary disorders, increased risk of tardive dyskinesia ADULT: Initially 4 mg 3 times daily adjusted according development in older patients, sulfite to response, maximum 24 mg daily. ELDERLY: 1/4 to hypersensitivity, history of neuroleptic malignant 1/2 adult dose. CHILD not recommended syndrome, patients with hepatic or renal impairment; cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, depression, myasthenia gravis, paralytic ileus, prostatic hypertrophy, history of jaundice, blood dyscrasias. May affect driving especially when first started, elderly
Generally, drugs of low molecular weight, high water solubility, low volume of distribution, low protein binding and high renal clearance are most extensively removed by dialysis eg aminoglycosides. Dialysis-induced changes in fluids and electrolytes Generally, drugs of low molecular weight, high water solubility, low volume of distribution, low protein binding and high renal clearance are most extensively removed by dialysis eg aminoglycosides. Dialysis-induced changes in fluids and electrolytes Blood concentrations of dialyzable drugs may be reduced by dialysis. Dosage adjustment of concomitant medications may be necessary. In patients using cardiac glycosides (digoxin and others), plasma levels of calcium, potassium and magnesium must be carefully monitored. Falsely elevated blood glucose levels with the use of monitors and strips using glucose GDHPQQ based methods. Not known Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Cisapride, levofloxacin, cardiotoxicity. Procyclidine, decreased phenothiazine serum concentrations, decreased phenothiazine effectiveness, enhanced anticholinergic effects (ileus, hyperpyrexia, sedation, dry mouth). Pethidine, increase in central nervous system and respiratory depression. Levodopa, loss of levodopa efficacy. Ethanol, increased central nervous system depression and an increased risk of extrapyramidal reactions. Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, beta 2 agonists, carbamazepine, central alpha 2 agonists, systemic corticosteroids, diuretics, lithium, tricyclic antidepressants. MAOIs, antiepileptics. Avoid alcohol, kava kava, gotu kola, valerian & St John's wort Cimetidine: pethidine toxicity (respiratory depression, central nervous system depression, hypotension). Isoniazid: hypotension and central nervous system depression. Moclobemide: cardiovascular instability, hyperpyrexia, coma or possible serotonin syndrome (hypertension, hyperthermia, myoclonus, mental status changes). Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Phenothiazines: increase in central nervous system and respiratory depression. Phenytoin: decreased pethidine effectiveness. Procarbazine, selegiline: cardiac instability, hyperpyrexia, coma. Ritonavir: increased risk of central nervous system stimulation and excitation. Barbiturates, chloral hydrate, benzodiazepines. Butyrophenones, CNS depressants: pethidine enhances the CNS depressant effects of these drugs. MAOIs, amphetamine reactions. Anticoagulants. Reduces paracetamol absorption
Swelling, erythema, pruritus, rash, stinging of skin, burning sensation CNS effects (extrapyramidal effects), drowsiness, insomnia, convulsion, allergic reaction, tachycardia, postural hypotension, dizziness, impaired glucose tolerance, tardive dyskinesia, liver damage, nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrest, agranulocytosis, haemolytic anaemia, hepatotoxicity, alter temperature regulation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, GI disturbances, nasal congestion, antimuscarinic symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, ECG changes, endocrine effects, blood dyscrasias, photosensitisation, contact sensitisation, rashes, jaundice, corneal and lens opacities, purplish pigmentation of the skin and eye
Hypersensitivity to permethrin and other synthetic pyrethrin
Perphenazine 4 mg Tablet
Blood dyscrasias, bone marrow suppression, subcortical brain damage, comatose/obtunded patients, hypersensitivity to perphenazine products, severe liver disease, high doses of CNS depressants, hypersensitivity to perphenazine, lactation
Pethidine HCl 100 mg/2 ml Injection
For relief of moderate to severe pain (medical and surgical), pre-anaesthetic medication and obstetrical analgesia
Respiratory depression, dizziness, sweating, disorientation, hallucination,agitation, tremor, multifocal myoclonus, convulsion, Gastrointestinal disturbances, hypotension, Cirrhosis, elderly, neonates, children, liver/renal hypertension, bradycardia, urine retention, dysfunction, convulsive disorders, reduced cardiac Lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, output, cardiac infarction, cardiac disease, sweating, bizzare feeling, disorientation, ADULT: 0.5 - 2 mg/kg SC or IM every 3 - 4 hours if supraventricular tachycardia, pregnancy, hallucinations, psychosis. Dry mouth, nausea, necessary. CHILD: by IM 0.5 - 2 mg/kg. Up to 1 year : lactation.May impair ability to drive or operate vomiting, constipation. Hypotension, 1- 2 mg/kg weight IM, 1 - 5 years : 12.5 - 25 mg IM, 6 machinery. Elderly. Reduced plasma protein vasodilation, tachycardia, bradycardia, 12 years: 25 - 50 mg IM binding. Phaeochromocytoma. Hypothyroidism, gangrene. Rash, pruritus, urticaria, erythema, Addison's disease. Prostatic hypertrophy, urethral injection site complications, anuria. Increased stricture. Diabetes. Glaucoma biliary tract pressure, choledochoduodenal sphincter spasm. Neurotoxicity, neuropsychiatric toxicity. Hyperactivity or agitation, depression, mental clouding, dysphoria
Hypersensitivity, concurrent use of MAOIs, intracranial lesions causing increased pressure, atrioventricular flutter, respiratory depression, renal failure and a predisposition to convulsions or seizures. Head injury, brain tumour. Cardiac arrhythmias. Concurrent use of MAOIs. Preeclampsia, eclampsia. Convulsive states. Diabetic acidosis. Acute alcoholism or delerium tremens. Severe liver disease, incipient encephalopathy, low platelet count, coagulation disorders or receiving anticoagulant treatment. Continuous IV infusion in renal impairment. Patient-controlled analgesia in young children & adult wiith poor cognitive function
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Cimetidine: pethidine toxicity (respiratory depression, central nervous system depression, hypotension). Isoniazid: hypotension and central nervous system depression. Moclobemide: cardiovascular instability, hyperpyrexia, coma or possible serotonin syndrome (hypertension, hyperthermia, myoclonus, mental status changes). Naltrexone: precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Phenothiazines: increase in central nervous system and respiratory depression. Phenytoin: decreased pethidine effectiveness. Procarbazine, selegiline: cardiac instability, hyperpyrexia, coma. Ritonavir: increased risk of central nervous system stimulation and excitation. Barbiturates, chloral hydrate, benzodiazepines. Butyrophenones, CNS depressants: pethidine enhances the CNS depressant effects of these drugs. MAOIs, amphetamine reactions. Anticoagulants. Reduces paracetamol absorption Alcohol, antibacterial, warfarin, antidepressants, other antiepileptics, antipsychotics, antiviral, ciclosporin Alcohol, antibacterial, warfarin, antidepressants, other antiepileptics, antipsychotics, antiviral, ciclosporin
Pethidine HCl 50 mg/ml Injection
For relief of moderate to severe pain (medical and surgical), pre-anaesthetic medication and obstetrical analgesia
Respiratory depression, dizziness, sweating, disorientation, hallucination,agitation, tremor, multifocal myoclonus, convulsion, Gastrointestinal disturbances, hypotension, Cirrhosis, elderly, neonates, children, liver/renal hypertension, bradycardia, urine retention, dysfunction, convulsive disorders, reduced cardiac Lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, output, cardiac infarction, cardiac disease, sweating, bizzare feeling, disorientation, ADULT: 0.5 - 2 mg/kg SC or IM every 3 - 4 hours if supraventricular tachycardia, pregnancy, hallucinations, psychosis. Dry mouth, nausea, necessary. CHILD: by IM 0.5 - 2 mg/kg. Up to 1 year : lactation.May impair ability to drive or operate vomiting, constipation. Hypotension, 1- 2 mg/kg weight IM, 1 - 5 years : 12.5 - 25 mg IM, 6 machinery. Elderly. Reduced plasma protein vasodilation, tachycardia, bradycardia, 12 years: 25 - 50 mg IM binding. Phaeochromocytoma. Hypothyroidism, gangrene. Rash, pruritus, urticaria, erythema, Addison's disease. Prostatic hypertrophy, urethral injection site complications, anuria. Increased stricture. Diabetes. Glaucoma biliary tract pressure, choledochoduodenal sphincter spasm. Neurotoxicity, neuropsychiatric toxicity. Hyperactivity or agitation, depression, mental clouding, dysphoria
Hypersensitivity, concurrent use of MAOIs, intracranial lesions causing increased pressure, atrioventricular flutter, respiratory depression, renal failure and a predisposition to convulsions or seizures. Head injury, brain tumour. Cardiac arrhythmias. Concurrent use of MAOIs. Preeclampsia, eclampsia. Convulsive states. Diabetic acidosis. Acute alcoholism or delerium tremens. Severe liver disease, incipient encephalopathy, low platelet count, coagulation disorders or receiving anticoagulant treatment. Continuous IV infusion in renal impairment. Patient-controlled analgesia in young children & adult wiith poor cognitive function
Phenobarbitone 30 mg Tablet
Luminal
Epilepsy
ADULT: 60 - 180 mg daily on. CHILD: Up to 8 mg/kg daily ADULT: 10 mg/kg IV at a rate of not faster than 100 mg/minute. Initial maximum dose does not exceeding 1 gm. Daily maintenance of 1 - 4 mg/kg/day. CHILD: 10 - 20 mg/kg/dose loading dose, followed by repeated doses at 10 mg/kg/dose (strictly in ICU setting). Maintenance 5 - 8 mg/kg/day
Depression, renal impairment, pulmonary insufficiency, elderly, avoid abrupt discontinuation, Hypersensitivity, rash, hypotension, drowsiness, Hypersensitivity to phenobarbital products, pregnancy, breast feeding, porphyria, hyperactivity ataxia, respiratory depression, dyskinesias porphyria in children Depression, renal impairment, pulmonary insufficiency, elderly, avoid abrupt discontinuation, Hypersensitivity, rash, hypotension, drowsiness, Hypersensitivity to phenobarbital products, pregnancy, breast feeding, porphyria, hyperactivity ataxia, respiratory depression, dyskinesias porphyria in children Solutions containing phenol should not be applied to large areas of skin or large wounds since Dermatitis and depigmentation appear to be the sufficient phenol may be absorbed to give rise to most common adverse effects. Diaphoresis may Hypersensitivity toxic symptoms. Phenol should not be used as a develop with systemic toxicity throat spray in patients with epiglottitis or in children age under six years Cerebral or coronary arteriosclerosis, concomitant administration with substances that stimulate alpha and beta receptors, hypotension and tachycardia Hypotension, sedation, nausea and vomiting, may be amplified, renal impairment, respiratory sexual dysfunction, tachycardia infection, pregnany, breast feeding, elderly, congestive heart failure, severe heart disease, cerebrovascular disease Skin rashes, anaphylaxis, urticaria, fever, joint pain. Haemolytic anaemia, blood disorders, gastrointestinal distress& superinfection Skin rashes, anaphylaxis, urticaria, fever, joint pain. Haemolytic anaemia, blood disorders, gastrointestinal distress& superinfection Skin rashes, anaphylaxis, urticaria, fever, joint pain. Haemolytic anaemia, blood disorders, gastrointestinal distress& superinfection
Phenobarbitone Sodium 200 mg/ml Injection
Gardenal
Status Epilepticus
Phenol 80% w/w Liquid
As disinfectant
Use in various dilutions
Not known
Phenoxybenzamine HCl 100 mg/2 ml Dibenyline Injection
Hypertensive episodes associated with phaeochromocytoma
1 mg/kg daily over at least 2 hours. Do not repeat within 24 hours
Hypersensitivity to phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin 125 mg Tablet
Penicillin V
i) Treatment or prophylaxis of infections caused by susceptible organisms ii) Prophylactic, rheumatic fever
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin 125 mg/5 ml Syrup
Penicillin V
Treatment or prophylaxis of infections caused by susceptible organisms
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin 250 mg Tablet
Penicillin V
i) Treatment or prophylaxis of infections caused by susceptible organisms ii) Prophylactic, rheumatic fever
i) ADULT: 500 - 750 mg 6 hourly.CHILD; up to 1 year: Use cautiously in patients with penicillin or 62.5 mg, 1 - 5 years: 125 mg, 6 - 12 years: 250 mg 6 cephalosporin. Hypersensitivity reactions or hourly ii) ADULT: 125 - 250 mg twice daily. CHILD: 25 - asthma. Haematological& renal function test 50 mg/kg in divided doses every 6 - 8 hours. required on long-term treatment. Not for trivial Maximum: 3 g/day infection. Renal or hepatic impairment Use cautiously in patients with penicillin or cephalosporin. Hypersensitivity reactions or CHILD: Up to 1 year: 62.5 mg 6 hourly; 1 - 5 years: asthma. Haematological & renal function test 125 mg 6 hourly; 6 - 12 years: 250 mg 6 hourly required on long-term treatment. Not for trivial infection. Renal or hepatic impairment i) ADULT: 500 - 750 mg 6 hourly.CHILD; up to 1 year: Use cautiously in patients with penicillin or 62.5 mg, 1 - 5 years: 125 mg, 6 - 12 years: 250 mg 6 cephalosporin. Hypersensitivity reactions or hourly ii) ADULT: 125 - 250 mg twice daily. CHILD: 25 - asthma. Haematological& renal function test 50 mg/kg in divided doses every 6 - 8 hours. required on long-term treatment. Not for trivial Maximum: 3 g/day infection. Renal or hepatic impairment Mydriasis and vasoconstriction: 1 drop of 2.5% or 10% solution, repeated in one hour if necessary. Chronic mydriasis: 1 drop of a 2.5% or 10% solution 2 - 3 times a day. Uveitis with posterior synechiae (treatment) or synechiae, posterior (prophylaxis): 1 drop of a 2.5% or 10% solution, repeated in one hour if necessary, not to exceed three times a day. Treatment may be continued the following day, if necessary Mydriasis and vasoconstriction: 1 drop of 2.5% or 10% solution, repeated in one hour if necessary. Chronic mydriasis: 1 drop of a 2.5% or 10% solution 2 - 3 times a day. Uveitis with posterior synechiae (treatment) or synechiae, posterior (prophylaxis): 1 drop of a 2.5% or 10% solution, repeated in one hour if necessary, not to exceed three times a day. Treatment may be continued the following day, if necessary Caution if administered with or up to 3 weeks after MAOI therapy. Infant with cardiac anomalies. To prevent pain and subsequent lacrimation on administration, a suitable topical anesthetic may be applied a few minutes before use of phenylephrine solution. Repeated use of phenylephrine, especially in older patients, may result in rebound miosis and a reduced mydriatic effect. Medication may cause increased sensitivity of eyes to light Caution if administered with or up to 3 weeks after MAOI therapy. Infant with cardiac anomalies. To prevent pain and subsequent lacrimation on administration, a suitable topical anesthetic may be applied a few minutes before use of phenylephrine solution. Repeated use of phenylephrine, especially in older patients, may result in rebound miosis and a reduced mydriatic effect. Medication may cause increased sensitivity of eyes to light
Alpha-adrenergic agonists decrease the effect of phenoxybenzamine. Beta-blockers may result in increased toxicity (hypotension, tachycardia). Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil: Blood pressure-lowering effects are additive. Use of vardenafil or tadalafil is contraindicated by the manufacturer. Use sildenafil with extreme caution (dose 25 mg) Antirheumatics& antipyretics inhibit excretion. Neomycin may cause malabsorption
Hypersensitivity to penicillin
Antirheumatics& antipyretics inhibit excretion. Neomycin may cause malabsorption
Antirheumatics& antipyretics inhibit excretion. Neomycin may cause malabsorption
Phenylephrine HCI 2.5% Eye Drops
Mydfrin
For pupillary dilation in uveitis, for refraction without cyclopegic. For fundoscopy and other diagnostic procedures
Marked increase in blood pressure in lowweight neonates, infant and adult with idiopathic hypotension. Cardiovascular reactions in the elderly
Narrow-angle glaucoma, infant, elderly with severe arteriosclerotic, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. During intraocular operative procedures when corneal epithelial barrier is disturbed. Not recommended for use in low birth weight infants
Tricyclic antidepressants, propranolol
Phenylephrine HCl 10% Eye Drops
For pupillary dilation in uveitis, for refraction without cyclopegic. For fundoscopy and other diagnostic procedures
Marked increase in blood pressure in lowweight neonates, infant and adult with idiopathic hypotension. Cardiovascular reactions in the elderly
Narrow-angle glaucoma, infant, elderly with severe arteriosclerotic, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. During intraocular operative procedures when corneal epithelial barrier is disturbed. Not recommended for use in low birth weight infants
Tricyclic antidepressants, propranolol
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Nystagmus, ataxia, lethargy, blood dyscrasias, cardiovascular toxicity, nausea, vomiting, headache, tremor, insomnia, gingival hypertrophy, acne, lupus erythematosus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, leukopenia, megaloblastic anaemia, hirsutism, hepatitis. Slurred speech, decreased coordination, mental confusion, constipation, toxic hepatitis, liver damage, hematopoietic complications, dermatological manifestations, agranulocytosis, bullous dermatosis, granulocytopenic disorder, liver damage, nephrotoxicity, pancytopenia, purpuric rash, scaling eczema, thrombocytopenia, toxic epidermal necrolysis Nystagmus, ataxia, lethargy, blood dyscrasias, cardiovascular toxicity, nausea, vomiting, headache, tremor, insomnia, gingival hypertrophy, acne, lupus erythematosus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, leukopenia, megaloblastic anaemia, hirsutism, hepatitis. Slurred speech, decreased coordination, mental confusion, constipation, toxic hepatitis, liver damage, hematopoietic complications, dermatological manifestations, agranulocytosis, bullous dermatosis, granulocytopenic disorder, liver damage, nephrotoxicity, pancytopenia, purpuric rash, scaling eczema, thrombocytopenia, toxic epidermal necrolysis Nystagmus, ataxia, lethargy, blood dyscrasias, cardiovascular toxicity, nausea, vomiting, headache, tremor, insomnia, gingival hypertrophy, acne, lupus erythematosus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, leukopenia, megaloblastic anaemia, hirsutism, hepatitis. Slurred speech, decreased coordination, mental confusion, constipation, toxic hepatitis, liver damage, hematopoietic complications, dermatological manifestations, agranulocytosis, bullous dermatosis, granulocytopenic disorder, liver damage, nephrotoxicity, pancytopenia, purpuric rash, scaling eczema, thrombocytopenia, toxic epidermal necrolysis Nystagmus, ataxia, lethargy, blood dyscrasias, cardiovascular toxicity, nausea, vomiting, headache, tremor, insomnia, gingival hypertrophy, acne, lupus erythematosus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, leukopenia, megaloblastic anaemia, hirsutism, hepatitis. Slurred speech, decreased coordination, mental confusion, constipation, toxic hepatitis, liver damage, hematopoietic complications, dermatological manifestations, agranulocytosis, bullous dermatosis, granulocytopenic disorder, liver damage, nephrotoxicity, pancytopenia, purpuric rash, scaling eczema, thrombocytopenia, toxic epidermal necrolysis
Contraindications
Interactions
Chloramphenicol, anticoagulants, diazepam, oestrogen, cimetidine, fluconazole etc may increase serum levels. Methotrexate, folic acid, carbamazepine, theophylline, etc may decrease serum levels. Increased phenytoin serum levels with alcohol (acute intake), disulfiram, omeprazole, ticlopidine, salicylates, SSRIs, benzodiazepines, antifungal agents, calcium channel blockers. Decreased phenytoin serum levels with alcohol (acute intake), rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, vigabatrin, sucralfate, theophylline, reserpine, diazoxide, anticonvulsants, antineoplastics Chloramphenicol, anticoagulants, diazepam, oestrogen, cimetidine, fluconazole etc may increase serum levels. Methotrexate, folic acid, carbamazepine, theophylline, etc may decrease serum levels. Increased phenytoin serum levels with alcohol (acute intake), disulfiram, omeprazole, ticlopidine, salicylates, SSRIs, benzodiazepines, antifungal agents, calcium channel blockers. Decreased phenytoin serum levels with alcohol (acute intake), rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, vigabatrin, sucralfate, theophylline, reserpine, diazoxide, anticonvulsants, antineoplastics Chloramphenicol, anticoagulants, diazepam, oestrogen, cimetidine, fluconazole etc may increase serum levels. Methotrexate, folic acid, carbamazepine, theophylline, etc may decrease serum levels. Increased phenytoin serum levels with alcohol (acute intake), disulfiram, omeprazole, ticlopidine, salicylates, SSRIs, benzodiazepines, antifungal agents, calcium channel blockers. Decreased phenytoin serum levels with alcohol (acute intake), rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, vigabatrin, sucralfate, theophylline, reserpine, diazoxide, anticonvulsants, antineoplastics Chloramphenicol, anticoagulants, diazepam, oestrogen, cimetidine, fluconazole etc may increase serum levels. Methotrexate, folic acid, carbamazepine, theophylline, etc may decrease serum levels. Increased phenytoin serum levels with alcohol (acute intake), disulfiram, omeprazole, ticlopidine, salicylates, SSRIs, benzodiazepines, antifungal agents, calcium channel blockers. Decreased phenytoin serum levels with alcohol (acute intake), rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, vigabatrin, sucralfate, theophylline, reserpine, diazoxide, anticonvulsants, antineoplastics
Phenytoin Sodium 100 mg Capsule
Dilantin
Epilepsy
ADULT and CHILD more than 6 years: 300-400 mg/day in 3 - 4 divided doses before meals. Maximum: 600 mg/day. CHILD: Initially 5 mg/kg/day in 2 - 3 divided doses. Maintenance: 4 - 8 mg/kg/day. Maximum: 300 mg/day
Avoid abrupt withdrawal, liver insufficiency, porphyria, discontinue if skin rash occurs, diabetes, elderly, pregnancy, breast feeding. Severe myocardial insufficiency. Pregnancy. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours
Hypersensitivity to phenytoin or hydantoin products, sinus bradycardia, SA block, second and third degree AV block and Adams-Stokes syndrome (intravenous phenytoin only)
Phenytoin Sodium 125 mg/5ml Suspension
Dilantin
Epilepsy
Phenytoin Sodium 250 mg/5ml Injection
Dilantin
Status epilepticus
i) Status epilepticus: ADULT 10 - 15 mg/kg by slow IV. Maximum 50 mg/minute. Maintenance: 100 mg orally/IV every 6 - 8 hours. CHILD 15 - 20 mg/kg by slow IV. Maximum: 1 - 3 mg/kg/minute ii) Neurosurgery 100 - 200 mg IM approximately at 4 hourly interval
Phenytoin Sodium 30 mg Capsule
Dilantin
Epilepsy
Phosphate Solution containing For supplemental ionic phosphorus for correction of Sodium Acid Phosphate 1.936 g /15 Phosphate Sandoz hypophosphataemia ml
Mild to moderate renal impairment, cirrhosis, heart failure, other oedematous condition. Intravenous phosphate therapy for hypophosphataemia is indicated only in life-threatening situations. Concomitant use of antacids containing aluminum Severe hypotension, hypocalcaemia, or magnesium should be avoided, extraskeletal calcification, hypomagnesaemia, hypomagnesaemia can occur during intravenous diarrhoea, acute renal failure phosphate therapy of hypophosphataemia. Patients with kidney stones may pass old stones during phosphate therapy. Do not administer laxatives when nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain is present Minor gastric irritation, nausea and vomiting
Renal insufficiency, renal failure, hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypernatraemia, Addison's disease
Antacids, incompatible with intravenous admixtures- dextran 12%, dextran in dextrose or sodium chloride and dextrose
Phyllanthus Niruri Extract 250 mg Capsule
Hepar-P
Liver tonic
2 capsules to be taken orally, 3 times a day, before or Not known after meals Retinal disease; conjunctival or corneal damage. Intraocular pressure and visual fields should be monitored in those with simple chronic glaucoma and those receiving long-term treatment with a miotic. Caution in cardiac disease, hypertension, asthma, peptic ulceration, urinary-tract obstruction and parkinson's disease
Pregnancy, lactation and hypoglycaemic patient
May potentiate insulin and antidiabetic drugs, anti-hypertensive drugs, beta-blocker drugs and other heart medications (including chronotropic and inotropic drugs) and diuretics
Pilocarpine 1% Eye Drops
Miotics in chronic open-angle glaucoma
1 drop 1 - 4 times a day
Ciliary spasm leads to headache and browache which may be more severe in the initial 2 - 4 weeks of treatment. Ocular side effects include burning, itching, smarting, blurred vision, conjunctival vascular congestion, myopia, lens changes with chronic use, vitreous haemorrhage and pupillary block
Contraindicated in conditions where pupillary constriction is undesirable such as acute iritis, anterior uveitis and some forms of secondary glaucoma. Acute inflammatory disease of the anterior segment
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Retinal disease; conjunctival or corneal damage. Intraocular pressure and visual fields should be monitored in those with simple chronic glaucoma and those receiving long-term treatment with a miotic. Caution in cardiac disease, hypertension, asthma, peptic ulceration, urinary-tract obstruction and parkinson's disease Retinal disease; conjunctival or corneal damage. Intraocular pressure and visual fields should be monitored in those with simple chronic glaucoma and those receiving long-term treatment with a miotic. Caution in cardiac disease, hypertension, asthma, peptic ulceration, urinary-tract obstruction and parkinson's disease
Adverse Reaction
Ciliary spasm leads to headache and browache which may be more severe in the initial 2 - 4 weeks of treatment. Ocular side effects include burning, itching, smarting, blurred vision, conjunctival vascular congestion, myopia, lens changes with chronic use, vitreous haemorrhage and pupillary block Ciliary spasm leads to headache and browache which may be more severe in the initial 2 - 4 weeks of treatment. Ocular side effects include burning, itching, smarting, blurred vision, conjunctival vascular congestion, myopia, lens changes with chronic use, vitreous haemorrhage and pupillary block
Contraindications
Interactions
Not known
Not known
Piperacillin 4 g & Tazobactam 500 mg Injection
Tazocin 4.5 g
Febrile neutropenia, lower respiratory tract infection and severe sepsis
Piperacillin Sodium 4 g Injection
Pipracil
Infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Adult and children more than 12 years: 4.5 g 8 hourly - Renal insufficiency: CrCL 20 - 80 ml/minute: 4.5 g 8 hourly. CrCL less than 20ml/minute: 4.5 g 12 hourly Neutropenia adult and children more than 12 years, more than 50 kg: 4.5 g 6 hourly in combination with aminoglycosides - Children with normal renal function & less than 50kg: 90 mg/kg 6 hourly in combination with aminoglycosides ADULT: 100 - 150 mg/kg IM/IV in divided doses. Increase to 200 - 300 mg/kg in severe infections & at least 16 g in life-threatening infections. Single dose over 2 g: IV route only. Maximum: 24 g/day. CHILD: 50 mg/kg/dose 6 - 8 hourly
Bleeding manifestations, neuromuscular excitability in renal impairment, increased risk of fever and Allergic reaction, diarrhoea, nausea and rash in cystic fibrosis, patients requiring sodium vomiting, headache, injection site reactions, restriction. Not to use in children who do not have rash, pruritus, anaphylaxis neutropenia
Hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins or Methotrexate, probenecid, typhoid vaccine, beta-lactamase inhibitors vecuronium
Infants, elderly, renal impairment, chronic heart failure, hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Allergic reactions including rashes, fever, urticaria, pruritis, anaphylaxis, gastrointestinal Hypersensitivity to piperacillin disturbances, glossitis, stomatitis, convulsions, products/penicillins and/or cephalosporins coagulants& blood disorders, superinfection Nervousness, agitation, irritability, anxiety and sleep disturbances, fatigue or drowsiness, gastrointestinal disturbances Nervousness, agitation, irritability, anxiety and sleep disturbances, fatigue or drowsiness, gastrointestinal disturbances Nervousness, agitation, irritability, anxiety and sleep disturbances, fatigue or drowsiness, gastrointestinal disturbances Previous hypersensitivity to piracetam. Huntington's chorea Previous hypersensitivity to piracetam. Huntington's chorea Previous hypersensitivity to piracetam. Huntington's chorea
Methotrexate, probenecid, typhoid vaccine, vecuronium
Piracetam 1 g Injection
Nootropil
Treatment of cerebral functional impairment and ischaemic stroke Mild cognitive impairment, post concussional head syndrome, head injury disorder, chronic vertigo and myoclonus Children with learning disability, progressive myoclonic epilepsy and hypoxia
Piracetam 1.2 g Tablet
Nootropil
Renal insufficiency (possible need for dose 30 - 160 mg/kg/day orally or parenterally 2 times daily adjustments), elderly patients with multiple or 3 to 4 times daily. Maximum: 24 g/day diseases Initially 7.2 g daily in 2 - 3 divided doses, increased Renal insufficiency (possible need for dose according to response by 4.8 g daily every 3 - 4 days adjustments), elderly patients with multiple to maximum of 20 g daily. CHILD under 16 years not diseases recommended Renal insufficiency (possible need for dose 30 - 160 mg/kg/day orally. To be given 2 times daily or adjustments), elderly patients with multiple 3 - 4 times daily. Maximum 24 g/day diseases
Warfarin: an increased risk of bleeding
Piracetam 20% Solution
Nootropil
Piribedil 50 mg Tablet
Trivastal Retard
Parkinson disease
As monotherapy: 150 - 250 mg as 3 - 5 divided doses Hepatic dysfunction, elderly, psychosis, daily. As combination with L-dopa therapy: 50 - 150 parkinsonism, mania, thyroid disorder mg daily (50 mg per 250 mg of L-dopa)
Drowsiness, confusion, anxiety, dizziness, delusions, hallucinations, hypotension, tachycardia, extrapyramidal effects, Hypersensitivity to piribedil, cardiogenic shock, dyskinesias, mania, gastric discomfort, Dopaminergic antagonists acute phase of myocardial infaction nystagmus, changes in liver function, gastrointestinal disorders (nausea, vomiting, flatulence), orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness
Piroxicam 10 mg Capsule
Feldene
Pizotifen 0.5 mg Tablet
Sandomigran
Pneumococcal Vaccine (Polyvalent) Pneumo 23
Podophyllum 10 - 20% Paint
Policresulen 360 mg/g Concentrate
Albothyl
Gastrointestinal disorders, flatulence, insomnia, pharyngitis, sinusitis, dizziness, vertigo, hearing disturbance, photosensitivity, blood disorder, i) Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing fluid retention, renal failure, hepatic impairment, spondylitis ii) Acute musculoskeletal disorders iii) Steven-Johnson Syndrome, allergic reactions, Acute gout chest pain, oedema, hot flushes, flu-like symptoms, swollen eyes, blurred vision, skin rash and pruritus. Gastric side effects are lesser with this drug as compared to other NSAIDs Sedation, dizziness, dry mouth and constipation. Increased appetite, sedation, nausea, fatigue. Rarely, hypersensitivity Narrow-angle glaucoma, obesity, urinary retention. reactions, face oedema, rash, central nervous May affect ability to drive and operate machinery. ADULT: 0.5 mg in the evening for first 2 days, then 0.5 system stimulation, hallucinations, seizures, Pregnancy, breast feeding. Dosage reduction may mg mid-day and evening for next 2 days, then 0.5 mg depression, drowsiness, headache, palpitation, Prophylactic treatment of vascular headache be necessary in renal impairment, prostatic 3 times daily. CHILD: Up to 1.5 mg daily in divided arrhythmias, gastrointestinal disturbance, hyperplasia, pyloroduodenal obstruction, epilepsy, doses palpitations, blood disorders, convulsions, hepatic impairment, elderly, young children. sweating, myalgia, paraesthesias, Pregnancy, lactation extrapyramidal effects, sleep disturbances, confusion, tinnitus, tremor, hypotension, hair loss Primary injection: 1 single injection (0.5 ml) only. Prevention of pneumococcal infections in high risk Injection site reaction, fever, haemolytic Booster: Must not be given within 5 years except in subjects from the age of 2 years including patient with Pregnancy anaemia, thrombocytopenia, anaphylactoid very high risk patient who received the vaccine while a history of splenectomy or scheduled splenectomy reaction under immunosuppressive treatment Apply 2 - 3 drops carefully to lesion after protecting surrounding area with vaseline. Wash off after 6 hours Sensitive parts of the body. Caustic to healthy skin. Inflammation of the surrounding skin may occur, External anogenital warts or if feel burning sensation and repeat 2 - 3 times Keep away from eyes in which case treatment should be suspended weekly or once weekly Local treatment of cervical and vaginal inflammation and tissue damage eg. discharge due to bacterial, For cauterization, undiluted once or twice weekly Occasionally, mild local discomfort at beginning trichomonal and fungal infections, protrusions of whilst for vaginal douches, to be diluted 1 part First trimester of pregnancy of treatment which disappears on endocervical mucosa (erosion), haemostasis following concentrate to 5 parts of water discontinuation biopsy or excision of uterine polyps i) 20 mg daily, maintenance 10 - 30 mg daily, in single or divided doses ii) 40 mg daily in single or divided Upper gastrointestinal disease, compromised doses for 2 days, then 20 mg daily for 7 - 14 days iii) cardiac function, hypertension, renal disease, 40 mg initially, then 40 mg daily in single or divided elderly, children less than 12 years doses for 4 - 6 days
Hypersensitivity, asthma, rhinitis, porphyria, angioedema or urticaria induced by other NSAIDs, pregnancy (third trimester), lactation, active peptic ulceration, allergy provoked by aspirin or NSAIDs
Diuretics, anti-coagulant, sulphonylureas, aspirin, captopril, phenytoin, digoxin, highly protein bound drugs
Hypersensitivity to the drug. Children less than 2 years. Postural giddiness
Central effects of sedatives, hypnotics, antihistamines, including certain common cold preparations and alcohol may be enhanced. Antagonised hypotensive effect of adrenergic neuron blockers. May mask warning signs of damage caused by ototoxic drugs eg. aminoglycosides
Hypersensitivity to pneumococcal vaccine components Pregnancy, use on bleeding warts, moles, birthmarks and concomitant steroid therapy
Not known
Not known
Concomitant use of other topical agents in treating the affected areas
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Polio Oral Vaccine
Polioral
Immunisation against poliomyelitis
3 doses given orally plus boosters
Pregnancy, elderly patients
Hypersensitivity to erythromycin and Vaccine-associated paralysis, fever, kanamycin. Acute or developing infectious anaphylaxis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, paralytic diseases. Leukaemia, lymphoma or generalized Immunosuppressants poliomyelitis malignancy. Acquired or congenital immunodeppression. Acute intestinal diseases Severe renal impairment with oliguria, azotemia or anuria, Addison's disease, adynamic episodica hereditaria, acute dehydration, heat cramps, severe myocardial damage, potassium citrate in patients with hyperkalaemia, sodium citrate for patients on sodium restriction Dehydration, severe heart failure, colonic disease causing fragility of the mucosa (active carcinoma), actual or suspected ileus or intestinal occlusion, gastric retention, bowel perforation, severe colitis, children under 15 years Hypersensitivity to any of its components, viral ear infection Acute dehydration, heat cramps, hyperkalaemia, renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is present or where additives of potassium and chloride could be clinically detrimental Acute dehydration, heat cramps, hyperkalaemia, renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is present or where additives of potassium and chloride could be clinically detrimental Acute dehydration, heat cramps, hyperkalaemia, renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is present or where additives of potassium and chloride could be clinically detrimental Severe renal impairment with oliguria, azotemia or anuria, Addison's disease, adynamic episodica hereditaria, acute dehydration, heat cramps, severe myocardial damage, potassium citrate in patients with hyperkalemia, sodium citrate for patients on sodium restriction Renal insufficiency, renal failure, hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypernatraemia, Addison's disease Concurrent administration of potassium citrate with potassiumcontaining medications, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or cardiac glycosides, concurrent administration with aluminum-based gels, blood products containing citrate
Polycitra Syrup
For treatment of calcium and uric acid stones
Congestive heart failure, hypertension, pulmonary The usual dose of potassium citrate is 30 - 60 or peripheral oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy, mEq/day orally in 3 or 4 doses with meals or within 30 Hyperkalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, nausea, monitor serum electrolytes, especially bicarbonate, minutes after meals. ADULT: 15 ml 3 times daily well vomiting, diarrhoea in patients with renal disease, decreased urinary diluted with water output, especially in the presence of hypocalcaemia 1 sachet dissolved in 1 L of water. 2-3 L of oral solution are required. When morning surgery is planned, the oral solution is given in the late afternoon Elderly the day prior. If surgery is scheduled in afternoon, the oral solution should be given on the same day for ingestion to be completed three hours before surgery 3 drops 3 - 4 times daily. External auditory meatus and canal to be thoroughly cleansed and dried before Avoid prolong use, perforated eardrum, each application but soap should not be used as the hypersensitivity to sulfites antibiotics may be inactivated by it Severe renal impairment, cardiac disease, By slow IV infusion depending on the deficit or the hyperkalaemia. Initial potassium replacement daily maintenance requirements. 1 g diluted in 500 ml therapy, should not involve glucose infusions, normal saline or glucose and given slowly over 2 - 3 because glucose may cause a further decrease in hours the plasma potassium concentration Severe renal impairment, cardiac disease, hyperkalaemia. Initial potassium replacement 1 g once or twice daily until serum potassium is therapy, should not involve glucose infusions, restored because glucose may cause a further decrease in the plasma potassium concentration Severe renal impairment, cardiac disease, hyperkalaemia. Initial potassium replacement ADULT: 2 - 3 tablets daily. Severe deficiency: 9 - 12 therapy, should not involve glucose infusions, tablets daily or according to the needs of the patient because glucose may cause a further decrease in the plasma potassium concentration
Polyethylene Glycol /Macrogol 4000 Fortrans Powder
Bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy, radiological examination or colonic surgery. Suitable for patients with heart failure or renal failure
Nausea, vomiting, sensation of fullness
Oral medication should not be administered within 1 hour of start of therapy
Polymyxin B Sulphate 10,000 U, Neomycin Sulphate 5 mg and Hydrocortisone 10 mg Ear Drops Potassium Chloride 1 g/10 ml Injection
Otosporin
Treatment of bacterial infection and inflammation of the external auditory meatus
Local sensitivity reactions, ototoxicity
Antibacterials eg amphotericin, anticoagulants, antifungals, antivirals Potassium sparing diuretics, salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, methenamine, ciclosporin, tacrolimus Potassium sparing diuretics, salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, methenamine, ciclosporin, tacrolimus Potassium sparing diuretics, salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, methenamine, ciclosporin, tacrolimus Concurrent administration of potassium citrate with potassiumcontaining medications, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or cardiac glycosides, concurrent administration with aluminum-based gels Aluminium and magnesium-containing antacids, sucralfate, potassium-sparing diuretics, salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, digitalis Concurrent use with ACE inhibitors may lead to hyperkalaemia, cardiac arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Concurrent use with diuretics or potassium-sparing diuretic may lead to hyperkalaemia, cardiac arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Lithium may cause additive hypothyroid Not known Not known
For the correction of severe hypokalaemia and when sufficient potassium cannot be taken by mouth
Nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal ulceration, electrocardiogram changes
Potassium Chloride 1 g/15 ml Mixture -
Potassium depletion
Nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal ulceration, ECG changes
Potassium Chloride 600 mg SR Tablet
Slow-K
For the treatment and specific prevention of hypokalaemia
Nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal ulceration, ECG changes
Potassium Citrate 3 g/10 ml and Citric Acid Mixture
For systemic or urine alkalinization
Congestive heart failure, hypertension, pulmonary ADULT: 10 ml 3 times daily well diluted with water. or peripheral oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy, CHILD up to 1 year: 2.5 ml 3 times daily; 1 - 5 years: 5 Hyperkalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, nausea, monitor serum electrolytes especially bicarbonate ml 3 times daily; 6 - 12 years: 10 ml 3 times daily. To vomiting, diarrhoea, mild diuresis in patients with renal disease, decreased urinary be taken well diluted with water output, especially in the presence of hypocalcaemia Parenteral nutrition: 10 - 20 mmoles of phosphate daily Renal insufficiency, cardiac disease, metabolic alkalosis Prolonged use can lead to hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis patients have an exaggerated response, can cause acne flare-ups, can cause dermatitis, use with caution in patients with a history of thyroid disease, Addison's disease, cardiac disease, myotonia congenita, tuberculosis, acute bronchitis Diarrhoea, nausea, stomach pain, flatulence, vomiting, bradycardia, hyperkalaemia, weakness, dyspnoea
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Injection
For treatment of hypophosphataemia or phosphate replacement in parenteral nutrition
Potassium Iodide Mixture
Pre-operative management of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
ADULT and CHILD: 50 - 250 mg 3 times daily
Hypersensitivity to iodine or any component of Metallic taste, irregular heart beat, confusion, the formulation; hyperkalaemia; pulmonary tiredness, fever, skin rash, goiter, salivary gland oedema; impaired renal function; swelling/tenderness, thyroid adenoma, swelling hyperthyroidism; iodine-induced goiter; of neck/throat, myxedema pregnancy Hypersensitivity to any component Hypersensitivity to any component Hypersensitivity to iodine or any component of the formulation
Potassium Permanganate 1:10,000 Solution Potassium Permanganate 1:20,000 Solution Povidone Iodine 10% (equivalent to 1% iodine) Solution
Cleansing and deodorising suppurative eczematous reactions and wounds Cleansing and deodorising suppurative eczematous reactions and wounds Skin operation prior to surgery, in cleansing open wounds, as an antiseptic for operative wounds infections
As soaks or wet dressing 1 - 3 times daily or as required As a bath once to twice daily or as required
Paint the area once or twice daily and allow to dry Spread 5 ml over both hands and rub thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Rinse thoroughly. Repeat if desired. Pre-operative use on patient: Apply scrub and rub thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Rinse off using a sterile gauze saturated with water 1 - 2 g by IV infusion in 100 ml saline over 15 - 30 minutes or slow IV injection over 10 minutes as 5 % solution. In water, followed after 1 hour by a second dose of 1 - 2 g. CHILD : 20 - 40 mg /kg body weight, may be given depending on the severity and response to treatment
Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous Irritant to tissues and stain skin brown membranes Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous Irritant to tissues and stain skin brown membranes Highly toxic if ingested, sodium thiosulfate is the most effective chemical antidote, avoid contact with Rash, pruritus, local oedema eyes, use with caution in infants and nursing women Highly toxic if ingested, sodium thiosulfate is the most effective chemical antidote, avoid contact with Rash, pruritus, local oedema eyes, use with caution in infants and nursing women Myasthenia gravis, renal dysfunction, slow IV infusion may prevent tachycardia, laryngospasm and muscle rigidity. Not effective in poisonings due Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, bitter after taste, hyperventilation, to organophosphates without anticholinesterase laryngeal spasm activity, not effective in poisonings due to phosphorus/inorganic phosphates, renal impairment
Not known
Povidone Iodine 7.5% (equivalent to 0.75% iodine) Scrub
As preoperative scrub for hands and skin
Hypersensitivity to iodine or any component of the formulation
Not known
Pralidoxime 0.5 g/20 ml Injection
Protopam
Antidote in the treatment of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning and in the control of overdosage by anticholinergic drugs used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis
Hypersensitivity to pralidoxime, phosphorus/inorganic phosphate poisoning, organophosphates without anticholinesterase activity
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Dose escalation: 0.125 mg 3 times daily on week 1 then 0.25 mg 3 times daily week 2 then 0.5 mg 3 times daily on week 3. Increase by 0.75 mg at weekly intervals if needed up to maximum of 4.5 mg/day. Patient on levodopa: Reduced dose. Renal impairment: creatinine clearance: 20 - 50 ml/minute: initially 0.125 mg twice daily, creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/minute initially 0.25 mg daily as a single dose, maximum dose: 1.5 mg twice daily Dose escalation: 0.125 mg 3 times daily on week 1 then 0.25 mg 3 times daily week 2 then 0.5 mg 3 times daily on week 3. Increase by 0.75 mg at weekly intervals if needed up to maximum of 4.5 mg/day. Patient on levodopa: Reduced dose. Renal impairment: creatinine clearance: 20 - 50 ml/minute: initially 0.125 mg twice daily, creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/minute initially 0.25 mg daily as a single dose, maximum dose: 1.5 mg twice daily
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride 0.125 mg Tablet
Sifrol
Treatment for signs and symptoms of advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with levodopa
Renal impairment, severe cardiovascular disease. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Pregnancy and lactation. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery
Nausea, constipation, somnolence, hallucination, confusion, dizziness, dyskinesia, Cimetidine, amantadine, antipsychotics Hypersensitivity to pramipexole or to any of the amnesia, asthenia, dream disorder, (typical), central nervous system depressants. excipients extrapyramidal movements, insomnia, Avoid alcohol orthostatic hypotension
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride 1 mg Tablet
Sifrol
Treatment for signs and symptoms of advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with levodopa
Nausea, constipation, somnolence, Renal impairment, Severe cardiovascular disease. hallucination, confusion, dizziness, dyskinesia, Cimetidine, amantadine, antipsychotics Hypersensitivity to pramipexole or to any of the Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Pregnancy and lactation. amnesia, asthenia, dream disorder, (typical), central nervous system depressants. excipients May impair ability to drive or operate machinery extrapyramidal movements, insomnia, Avoid alcohol orthostatic hypotension
Pravastatin Sodium 20 mg Tablet
Pravachol
10 - 20 mg once daily. Maximum: 40 mg daily
Heavy alcohol use, history of liver disease. Discontinue therapy if serum transaminase levels rise to 3 times upper limit of normal and are persistent. May cause myopathy and renal failure Rash, myalgia, headache, non-cardiac chest due to rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant administration pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue of fibrates, nicotinic acid, immunosuppressives including cyclosporin, macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin), itraconazole and ketoconazole, may increase the risk of myopathy Dizziness, lightheadedness, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, fainting and sudden loss of consciousness due to first-dose effect Dizziness, lightheadedness, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, fainting and sudden loss of consciousness due to first-dose effect Dizziness, lightheadedness, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, fainting and sudden loss of consciousness due to first-dose effect Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, oedema, palpitations, urinary incontinence, dyspnoea, priapism, headache, lack of energy, nausea Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, oedema, palpitations, urinary incontinence, dyspnoea, priapism, headache, lack of energy, nausea Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, oedema, palpitations, urinary incontinence, dyspnoea, priapism, headache, lack of energy, nausea
Hypersensitivity to pravastatin, liver disease, pregnancy or lactation
Cholestyramine, ciprofibrate, colestipol, cyclosporin, erythromycin, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, niacin
Prazosin HCl 1 mg Tablet
Minipress
Hypertension
Minipress
Hypertension
Minipress
Hypertension
Initially 0.5 mg 2 - 3 times daily, the initial dose on retiring to bed at night; increased to 1 mg 2 - 3 times daily after 3 - 7 days: further increased if necessary to maximum 20 mg daily Initially 0.5 mg 2 - 3 times daily, the initial dose on retiring to bed at night; increased to 1 mg 2 - 3 times daily after 3 - 7 days: further increased if necessary to maximum 20 mg daily Initially 0.5 mg 2 - 3 times daily, the initial dose on retiring to bed at night; increased to 1 mg 2 - 3 times daily after 3 - 7 days: further increased if necessary to maximum 20 mg daily
Hypersensitivity to prazosin products or other quinazolines Hypersensitivity to prazosin products or other quinazolines Hypersensitivity to prazosin products or other quinazolines
Additive hypotensive effect with diuretics or other antihypertensives Additive hypotensive effect with diuretics or other antihypertensives Additive hypotensive effect with diuretics or other antihypertensives Pyridoxine will antagonise the therapeutic effect of Levodopa (should not be administered concurrently), vitamin B6 reduces the plasma levels of phenobarbitone and phenytoin, ascorbic acid increases plasma level of ethinyloestradiol Pyridoxine will antagonise the therapeutic effect of levodopa (should not be administered concurrently), vitamin B6 reduces the plasma levels of phenobarbitone and phenytoin, ascorbic acid increases plasma level of ethinyloestradiol Phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin increase clearance of methylprednisolone. Potassium depleting diuretics enhance potassium depletion. Skin test antigens and immunizations decrease response. Increase circulating glucose level and may need adjustment of insulin or oral hypoglycaemics Phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin increase clearance of methylprednisolone. Potassium depleting diuretics enhance potassium depletion. Skin test antigens and immunizations decrease response. Increase circulating glucose level and may need adjustment of insulin or oral hypoglycaemics
Pre/Post Natal Vitamin & Mineral Capsule
Vitamin and mineral supplement for use during pregnancy and lactation
1 capsule daily or based on individual requirements
Hypervitaminosis
Pre/Post Natal Vitamin & Mineral Tablet
Vitamin and mineral supplement for use during pregnancy and lactation
1 tablet daily or based on individual requirements
Hypervitaminosis
Prednisolone 3 mg/5 ml Syrup
Prednisone
i) Replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency ii) Adrenogenital syndrome iii) Other therapy
i) 5 - 25 mg daily in divided doses ii) 10 - 20 mg/m2 body surface daily in divided doses iii) ADULT: 5 - 60 mg daily. CHILD: 0.5 - 2 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 - 8 hours or as a single daily
Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage gradually
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness and peptic ulcer, osteoporosis, abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting
Hypersensitivity and systemic fungal infection
Prednisolone 5 mg Tablet
Prednisone
i) Replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency ii) Adrenogenital syndrome iii) Other therapy
i) 5 - 25 mg daily in divided doses ii) 10 - 20 mg/m2 body surface daily in divided doses iii) ADULT: 5 - 60 mg daily. CHILD: 0.5 - 2 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 - 8 hours or as a single daily
Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage gradually
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, muscle weakness and peptic ulcer, osteoporosis, abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting
Hypersensitivity and systemic fungal infection
Pregabalin 150 mg Capsules
Lyrica
i) Second line treatment of neuropathic pain in patients who do not response to first line drugs ii) Fibromyalgia
Pregabalin 75 mg Capsule
Lyrica
i) Second line treatment of neuropathic pain in patients who do not response to first line drugs ii) Fibromyalgia
Hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption, avoid abrupt withdrawal, renal impairment, diabetes, chronic heart failure, pregnancy & lactation, children less than 17 years, elderly patients. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, Lapp i) Initially, 75 mg twice daily. May be increased to 150 lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose mg twice daily after 3-7 days. Max: 600 mg/day after malabsorption, avoid abrupt withdrawal, renal an additional 7-day interval ii) Initially, 75 mg twice impairment, diabetes, chronic heart failure, daily. May be increased to 150 mg twice daily within 1 pregnancy & lactation, children less than 17 years, week or 225 mg twice daily. Max: 450 mg/day elderly patients. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours i) Initially, 75 mg twice daily. May be increased to 150 mg twice daily after 3-7 days. Max: 600 mg/day after an additional 7-day interval ii) Initially, 75 mg twice daily. May be increased to 150 mg twice daily within 1 week or 225 mg twice daily. Max: 450 mg/day
Somnolence, euphoric mood, confusion, decreased libido, irritability, ataxia, abnormal coordination, tremor, dysarthria, paraesthesia, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, vomiting, erectile dysfunction, peripheral oedema, angioedema, abnormal gait, increased weight Somnolence, euphoric mood, confusion, decreased libido, irritability, ataxia, abnormal coordination, tremor, dysarthria, paraesthesia, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, vomiting, erectile dysfunction, peripheral oedema, angioedema, abnormal gait, increased weight
Hypersensitivity to pregabalin or any other component of the product, breast-feeding
CNS depressants (eg, alcohol, lorazepam, oxycodone)
Hypersensitivity to pregabalin or any other component of the product, breast-feeding
CNS depressants (eg, alcohol, lorazepam, oxycodone)
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Methaemoglobinaemia may occur in high doses and renal impairment. Anaemia; cardiac or ventilatory failure; hypoxia; lactation. Rate of injection shoud not be too rapid. Avoid inadvertent intravascular injection. Avoid prolonged use. Elderly; child; debilitated; epilepsy; impaired respiratory function or cardiac conduction; shock; hepatic impairment; epidural or spinal block should not be employed to patients with cerebrospinal diseases; cardiogenic or hypovolemic shock; altered coagulation status, pyogenic infection of the skin at or near the injection site. Do not inject into or apply to inflamed or infected tissues or damaged skin or mucosa. Do not instill into the middle ear
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Prilocaine 0.5% Plain Injection (5 mg/ml)
Citanest
Only for IV regional anaesthesia or Bier's Block
Adjust dose according to the site of operation and response of patient: To a maximum of 400 mg or 6 mg/kg
Confusion, respiratory depression, hypotension and bradycardia, hypersensitivity, methaemoglobinaemia, myocardial depression, Hypovolumia and complete heart block. seizures, cyanosis, restlessness, excitement, Congenital or idiopathic methaemoglobinaemia, nervousness, paraesthesias, dizziness, tinnitus, porphyria, pregnancy blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, muscle twitching, tremors, convulsions, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
Cisatracurium and hyaluronidase. Sulfonamides, antimalarials, certain nitric compounds may potentiate methaemoglobinaemia. Additive toxic effects with agents structurally related to local anaesthetics. Precipitation can occur with alkaline solutions
Primaquine 7.5 mg base Tablet
i) Treatment of malaria ii) Prophylaxis together with a schizonticide such as chloroquine
i) ADULT: 15 mg daily for 14 days. CHILD: 0.3 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days ii) ADULT: 30 mg once weekly. CHILD: 0.5 mg once weekly
Use with caution in patients with a deficiency in G6PD (may cause acute haemolytic anaemia) and patients with a nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Anaemia, leucocytosis, abdominal pain, methaemoglobinaemia hydroxide (NADH) methaemoglobin-reductase deficiency (at risk of developing methaemoglobinaemia and cyanosis) Dizziness, somnolence, nausea, vomiting, musculoskeletal problems, ataxia, visual disturbances and rashes. Fatigue, drowsiness and dizziness. Hypersensitivity, rash, haematologic disturbances, drowsiness, nystagmus Aplastic anaemia, disease of hematopoietic system, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenic disorder, hepatic necrosis, gout, acute nephrotic syndrome, rash, headache, nausea, seizures (overdosage), anorexia, vomiting, urinary frequency, sore gums, dizziness, dermatitis, uric acid nephrolithiasis and pruritus Hypersensitivity reactions, especially skin rashes, diarrhoea, nausea, anaphylaxis, haemolytic anaemia and neutropenia, prolongation of bleeding time and defective platelet function, convulsions and other signs of CNS toxicity (encephalopathy has followed intrathecal administration and can be fatal) and electrolyte disturbances Hypersensitivity reactions, especially skin rashes, diarrhoea, nausea, anaphylaxis, haemolytic anaemia and neutropenia, prolongation of bleeding time and defective platelet function, convulsions and other signs of CNS toxicity (encephalopathy has followed intrathecal administration and can be fatal) and electrolyte disturbances
Concomitant medications which cause bone marrow suppression, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus Artemether/ lumefantrine erythematosus, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, pregnancy Enhances effects of other central nervous system depressants. Reduces efficacy of other Hypersensitivity to primidone products, anticonvulsants, oral anticoagulants, oral phenorbarbitone and porphyria. Pregnancy and contraceptives, induces hepatic metabolism of lactation many drugs, reduces efficacy of beta-blockers, chloramphenicol, cimetidine, corticosteroids, furosemide Amoxicillin, aspirin, ertapenem, ketorolac, lorazepam, methotrexate, sodium thiosalicylate, History of blood disorders, nephrolithiasis, zidovudine. Pyrazinamide and salicylates porphyria, acute gout attack, children under 2 antagonize uricosuric effects of probenecid. years of age, co-administration of salicylates, Uricosuric effects of probenecid inhibited by uric acid kidney stones, renal impairment, loop diuretics and thiazides; natriuresis by loop G6PD-deficiency, hypersensitivity to diuretics is opposed by probenecid while probenecid, acute gout attack, blood dyscrasias natriuresis by thiazides is either unopposed or enhanced. It prolongs the duration of action of beta-lactam antibiotics History of anaphylactic, accelerated allergic (eg, hives) or serum sickness reactions to previous penicillin administration. Hypersensitivity to procaine Probenecid, bacteriostatic antibacterials such as chloramphenicol and tetracyclines, anticoagulants, methotrexate and oral contraceptives
Primidone 250 mg Tablet
Mysoline
Epilepsy
ADULT: Initially 1 tablet daily in the evening, Avoid acute withdrawal (may precipitate status increasing by 1 tablet every 4 - 7 days to 3 - 4 tablets epilepticus), pregnancy, lactation and daily. Maximum dosage: 1.5 g daily in divided doses. haemodialysis CHILD: 6 - 8 years: Up to 1/2 adult dose
Probenecid 500 mg Tablet
Hyperuricemia associated with gout and gouty arthritis (for cases allergic to allopurinol or serum uric acid not 500 mg to 1000 mg twice daily controlled by allopurinol alone)
Peptic ulcer disease, renal impairment - CrCl less than 50 mL/minute. Pregnancy and lactation; renal impairment, history of peptic ulcer, G6PD deficient individuals
Procaine Benzylpenicillin Aqueous 3 mega units (3 g) Injection
Treatment of infections due to Penicillin G-sensitive organisms
ADULT: 300,000 - 900,000 units (300 - 900 mg) IM daily. CHILD: Up to 1 year: 150 mg IM daily. 1 - 5 years: 300 mg IM daily. 6 - 12 years: 600 mg IM daily
History of penicillin or cephalosporin. Hypersensitivity reactions. Histories of significant allergies and or asthma. Inadvertent intra-arterial administration or injection into or near major peripheral nerves or blood vessels
Procaine Benzylpenicillin Aqueous 4 mega units (4 g) Injection
Treatment of infections due to Penicillin G-sensitive organisms
ADULT: 300,000 - 900,000 units (300 - 900 mg) IM daily. CHILD: Up to 1 year: 150 mg IM daily. 1 - 5 years: 300 mg IM daily. 6 - 12 years: 600 mg IM daily
History of penicillin or cephalosporin. Hypersensitivity reactions. Histories of significant allergies and or asthma. Inadvertent intra-arterial administration or injection into or near major peripheral nerves or blood vessels Severe renal/ hepatic impairment. Intake of alcohol or tyramine containing foods may cause disulfiramlike reaction. Concomitant central nervous system repressants may result in central nervous system depression. Concomitant chemotherapy or radiation, wait one month or longer before giving procarbazine. Discontinue promptly if any of the following occur, diarrhoea, central nervous system effects, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, stomatitis, bleeding or hypersensitivity reaction. Concurrent use with tricyclic antidepressant may give rise to central nervous system excitation. Renal impairment, hepatic dysfunction Hypotension, pregnancy and lactation, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing peptic ulcer, children with acute illnesses, dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, signs and symptoms suggestive of Reye's syndrome in children and adolescents, patients with tardive dyskinesia or a history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, epilepsy, acute narrow angle glaucoma, liver damage, insomnia
History of anaphylactic, accelerated allergic (eg, hives) or serum sickness reactions to previous penicillin administration. Hypersensitivity to procaine
Probenecid, bacteriostatic antibacterials such as chloramphenicol and tetracyclines, anticoagulants, methotrexate and oral contraceptives
Procarbazine HCl 50 mg Capsule
Natulan
Lymphomas
100 mg/m2 (maximum 150 mg) orally on Days 1 to 14, in combination with other cytotoxic drugs. CHILD: 100 mg/m2 per day for one week every 4 weeks (Check with protocol)
Myelosuppression, hypertension, headache, nausea, vomiting, hypersensitivity reaction, flulike syndrome, paraesthesias, neuropathies, Hypersensitivity to procarbazine. Pregnancy, confusion, interstitial pneumonitis, second lactation, inadequate bone marrow reserve, malignancy, amenorrhoea, azoospermia, severe hepatic and renal impairment infertility, bone marrow depression, ataxia, tachycardia
Pethidine, amitriptyline, dothiepin, neurotoxicity, carbamazepine, pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, levodopa, live vaccines, rotavirus vaccine, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, methotrexate, ethanol, hypertension, headache, increased risk of infection by the live vaccine. Central nervous system toxicity or serotonin syndrome. Tyramine foods increase blood pressure
Prochlorperazine Maleate 5mg Tablet
Stemetil
i) Injection IM 12.5 mg stat and repeated if necessary after 6 hours or orally 20 mg stat followed by 10 mg after 2 hours. Prevention: 5 - 10 mg 2 - 3 times a day. i) Severe nausea and vomiting ii) Vertigo/labyrinthine CHILD (over 10 kg only) 250 mcg/kg 2 - 3 times a day disorders ii) For labyrinthine disorders 5 mg 3 times daily, gradually increased to 30 mg daily in divided doses, then reduced after several weeks to 5 - 10mg daily. Not recommended in children
Extrapyramidal symptoms, drowsiness, postural hypotension, coma, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, cholestatic jaundice, leucopenia and agranulocytosis, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, liver damage and insomnia
CNS depression or coma, bone marrow depression, phaeochromocytoma, hypersensitivity to phenothiazines, comatose states, cardiovascular collapse
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Procyclidine, decreased phenothiazine serum concentrations, decreased phenothiazine effectiveness, enhanced anticholinergic effects (ileus, hyperpyrexia, sedation, dry mouth). Levodopa, loss of levodopa efficacy. Ethanol, increased central nervous system depression and an increased risk of extrapyramidal reactions
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Procyclidine, decreased phenothiazine serum concentrations, decreased phenothiazine effectiveness, enhanced anticholinergic effects (ileus, hyperpyrexia, sedation, dry mouth). Levodopa, loss of levodopa efficacy. Ethanol, increased central nervous system depression and an increased risk of extrapyramidal reactions Anticholinergic-like drugs, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, promethazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine and prochlorperazine. Reduced peristaltic movement affects absorption of erythromycin, penicillin
Prochlorperazine Mesylate 12.5 mg/ml Injection
Stemetil
Hypotension, pregnancy and lactation, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing peptic ulcer, children with acute illnesses, dehydration or Deep IM injection, 12.5 mg repeated if necessary after electrolyte imbalance, signs and symptoms i) Severe nausea and vomiting ii) Vertigo/labyrinthine 6 hours and then followed by an oral dose. Not suggestive of Reye's syndrome in children and disorders recommended in children adolescents, patients with tardive dyskinesia or a history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, epilepsy, acute narrow angle glaucoma, liver damage, insomnia i) All forms of Parkinson's disease (idiopathic paralysis agitants), post-encephalitis and arteriosclerosis ii) To By IM injection 5 - 10 mg repeated if necessary after control troublesome extrapyramidal symptoms 20 minutes. Maximum 20 mg daily. By IV injection 5 induced by neuroleptic drugs including pseudo10 mg parkinsonism, acute dystonic reactions and akathisia
Extrapyramidal symptoms, drowsiness, postural hypotension, coma, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, cholestatic jaundice, leucopenia and agranulocytosis, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, liver damage and insomnia
CNS depression or coma, bone marrow depression, phaeochromocytoma, hypersensitivity to phenothiazines, comatose states, cardiovascular collapse
Procyclidine HCl 10 mg/2 ml Injection Kemadrin
Hypotension, severe psychoses, prostatic Excitability, dizziness, hallucinations (seen on hypertrophy, tachycardia, urinary retention, hepatic abuse), dry mouth, constipation, urinary or rena impairment, lactation, pregnancy, children, retention, agitation, restlessness, convulsions elderly
Closed-angle glaucoma, narrow-angle glaucoma, hypersensitivity to procyclidine products, gastrointestinal tract or urinary outflow obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy, tardive dyskinesia in patients on neuroleptic drugs
Progesterone 8% Vaginal Gel
Crinone
Prolase Tablet
Papase
Promethazine HCl 25 mg/ml Injection Phenergan
Promethazine HCl 5 mg/5 ml Syrup
Phenergan
Constipation, dizziness, headache, mood swings, cerebrovascular accident, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, thrombosis of retinal artery, venous Severe hepatic impairment. Discontinue use if thromboembolism, dementia, ectopic thrombophlebitis, cerebrovascular disorders, pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, 90 mg intravaginally daily from day of egg retrieval till Treatment of infertility due to inadequate luteal phase pulmonary embolism and retinal thrombosis occur. gastrointestinal disturbances, joint pain, pregnancy established History of psychic depression, diabetic patients. decreased libido, nervousness, breast May affect ability to drive or operate machinery tenderness and pain, dyspareunia, nocturia, allergy, cramps, fatigue, pain, genital moniliasis and pruritus, aggressive reaction, vaginal dryness, cystitis, urinary tract infection, vaginal discharge Oedema and inflammation in conjunction with other 2 tablet 4 times daily Renal or hepatic dysfunction and pregnancy Skin rash, vertigo and gastrointesinal upsets physical or chemotherapeutic measures By deep IM: ADULT: 25 - 50 mg, maximum 100 mg. Pregnancy, lactation, cardiovascular or hepatic Sedation, gastrointestinal disturbances, CHILD: 5 - 10 years : 6.25 - 12.5 mg. By slow IV: 25 - diseases, narrow angle glaucoma, asthma, COPD, antimuscarinic effects, muscular weakness, Allergic conditions 50 mg in a solution of 2.5 mg/ml in water for injection. pediatric patient, peptic ulcer, pyloduodenal tinnitus, allergic reactions, blood disorders, Maximum 100 mg obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy respiratory depression Pregnancy, lactation, cardiovascular or hepatic Sedation, gastrointestinal disturbances, CHILD 2 - 5 years: 5 - 15 mg daily, 5 - 10 years : 10 - diseases, narrow angle glaucoma, asthma, COPD, antimuscarinic effects, muscular weakness, Allergic conditions 25 mg daily paediatric patient, peptic ulcer, pyloduodenal tinnitus, allergic reactions, blood disorders, obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy respiratory depression 15 mg 3 times daily at least 1 hour before meals and 30 mg at night, maximum 120 mg daily. CHILD not recommended Down's Syndrome, children and in elderly patients, autonomic neuropathy, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, Xerostomia, paralytic ileus, constipation, hyperthyroidism, reflux oesophagitis, diarrhoea, heartburn, bloating and reduced salivation ulcerative colitis, prostatic hypertrophy, tachyarrhythmia Use cautiously in patients with cardiac disease and hyperthyroidism, prolonged use not recommended. Protect the eye from irritants, rubbing and foreign bodies during period of anaesthesia
Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, breast or genital organ malignancy, acute porphyria, Should not be used concurrently with other local thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorder, intravaginal therapy cerebral apoplexy, missed abortion, lactation
Blood clotting disease
No known
Hypersensitivity to promethazine. Comatose Antihypertensives, phenothiazines, alcohol, patients, acute attack of asthma, children under anticholinergics, tricyclic antidepressants, 2 years, SC and intra- or peri-arterial injection MAOIs, evening primrose oil Hypersensitivity to promethazine. Comatose Antihypertensives, phenothiazines, alcohol, patients, acute attack of asthma, children under anticholinergics, tricyclic antidepressants, 2 years MAOIs, evening primrose oil Hypersensitivity to propantheline or other anticholinergic drugs, myasthenia gravis, narrow-angle glaucoma, obstructive gastrointestinal disease, obstructive uropathy, paralytic ileus or intestinal atony, reflux oesophagitis, ulcerative colitis or toxic megacolon Loss of cisapride efficacy, increased serum digoxin levels, procainamide coadministered with propantheline may result in additive antivagal effects on atrioventricular nodal conduction
Propantheline Bromide 15 mg Tablet Probanthine
Symptomatic relief of gastrointestinal disorders characterised by smooth muscle spasm
Proparacaine HCI 0.5% Ophthalmic Drops
Alcaine
Topical anaesthesia in ophthalmic procedures
Deep anaesthesia, 1 drop in each eye every 5 to 10 minutes for 5 to 7 doses. Superficial anaesthesia, 1 to 2 drops in each eye before surgery or diagnostic procedure. Tonometry and/or tonography procedure, 1 to 2 drops in each eye before procedure
Transient stinging and burning, conjunctival redness, keratitis, systemic toxicity. Long term Hypersensitivity use may result in corneal damage, loss of vision and retard healing
Hyaluronidase, St John's wort, increase effects of phenylephedrine, tropicamide
Propiverine HCl 15 mg Tablet
Mictonorm
Treatment of urinary incontinence, urgency and frequency in neurogenic detrusor overactivity (detrusor hyperreflexia) and in idiopathic detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder)
Dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, Elderly, autonomic neuropathy, susceptibility to drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal angle-closure glaucoma, hiatus hernia with reflux discomfort, micturition difficulty, angioedema, ADULT: 15 mg twice daily to 3 times daily, increase to oesophagitis, hepatic or renal impairment. May arrhythmias, tachycardia, palpitations, skin 4 times daily if required. Max dose: 60 mg daily. worsen hyperthyroidism, coronary artery disease, reactions, headache, diarrhoea, hypotension, CHILD more than 5 years: 0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg per day in chronic heart failure, hypertension, prostatic drowsiness, central nervous system stimulation, 2 divided doses hyperplasia, arrhythmias, tachycardia. Monitor liver fatigue, reduce sweating, leading to heat enzyme values in long-term therapy. Patients with sensations and fainting in hot environments or diarrhoea or fever in patients with fever, very rarely may precipitate angle-closure glaucoma
Enhanced antimuscarinic effects when used with antimuscarinic drugs e.g. amantadine, phenothiazine psychotics, tricyclic Myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, significant antideppressant , tranqulisers, anticholinergics bladder outflow obstruction, urinary retention, and b-sympathomimetics, antiarrhythmic severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, disopyramide. Decreased effects due to gastrointestinal obstruction or intestinal atony, concomitant medication with cholinergic drugs. pregnancy, lactation, hepatic disorders, severe Reduced blood pressure in patients treated with renal impairment, prostatic hypertrophy, isoniazid. Reduced gastric motility may reduce tachyarrhythmias the absorption of certain drugs. May antagonise the gastrointestinal effects of prokinetics (e.g. cisapride, domperidone and metoclopramide), sedative drugs may enhance drowsiness
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Monitor blood lipid concentration in patients at risk for fat overload, risk of convulsion in epileptic patients, monitor signs of hypotension, airway obstruction and oxygen desaturation. Cardiac, respiratory, renal or hepatic impairment; hypovolaemic or debilitated patients; disorders of fat metabolism or conditions where lipid emulsions should be used cautiously. Do not use in pregnancy, do not use for obstetric anaesthesia. Avoid in lactation, has been used for termination in 1 st trimester. Ability to drive or operate machinery may be affected. Bradycardia. Contains EDTA which chelates metal ions, including zinc. Hence, consider need for supplemental zinc during prolonged administration especially in patients predisposed to zinc deficiency eg. patients with burns, diarrhoea, major sepsis. Contains no antimicrobial preservatives. When aspirated, must be drawn aseptically into sterile syringe or giving set immediately after opening ampoule or breaking vial seal. Administration must commence with or without delay. Asepsis must be maintained for Diprivan & infusion instrument throughout infusion period. Any fluids added to Diprivan line must be administered close to cannula site. Diprivan must not be administered via microbiological filter. Single infusion must not exceed 12 hour. At the end of the procedure or at 12 hours, whichever is sooner, both reservoir & infusion line must be discarded & replaced as appropriate Monitor blood lipid concentration in patients at risk for fat overload, risk of convulsion in epileptic patients, monitor signs of hypotension, airway obstruction and oxygen desaturation. Cardiac, respiratory, renal or hepatic impairment; hypovolaemic or debilitated patients; disorders of fat metabolism or conditions where lipid emulsions should be used cautiously. Do not use in pregnancy, do not use for obstetric anaesthesia. Avoid in lactation, has been used for termination in 1st trimester. Ability to drive or operate machinery may be affected. Bradycardia. Contains EDTA which chelates metal ions, including zinc. Hence, consider need for supplemental zinc during prolonged administration especially in patients predisposed to zinc deficiency eg. patients with burns, diarrhoea, major sepsis. Contains no antimicrobial preservatives. When aspirated, must be drawn aseptically into sterile syringe or giving set immediately after opening ampoule or breaking vial seal. Administration must commence with or without delay. Asepsis must be maintained for Diprivan & infusion instrument throughout infusion period. Any fluids added to Diprivan line must be administered close to cannula site. Diprivan must not be administered via microbiological filter. Single infusion must not exceed 12 hours. At the end of the procedure or at 12 hours, whichever is sooner, both reservoir & infusion line must be discarded & replaced as appropriate Anaesthesia/surgery (myocardial depression). Avoid abrupt withdrawal, gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Bronchospastic disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hepatic disease
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Propofol 1 % Injection
Diprivan
Induction & maintenance of general anaesthesia. Sedation of ventilated ICU patients
Induction: 1.5-2.5mg/ kg at the rate of 20-40 mg every 10 seconds. CHILD more than 8 years: usually 2.5mg/ kg. Maintenance: IV 25-50 mg repeated according response. IV infusion: 4-12mg/kg/hour; CHILD more than 3 years: 9-15 mg/kg/ hour. Sedation: 0.3 - 4 mg/kg/hour up to 3 days
Very common: Local pain on induction. Common: Hypotension, bradycardia, transient apnoea during induction, nausea & vomiting & headache during recovery phase, withdrawal symptoms in children, flushing in children. Uncommon: Thrombosis & phlebitis. Rare: Epileptiform movements, including convulsions Children less than 3 years and obstetric & opisthotonus during induction, maintenance & anaesthesia recovery. Very rare: Rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, post-operative fever, discoloration of urine following prolonged administration, anaphylaxis - may include angioedema, bronchospasm, erythema & hypotension sexual disinhibition, pulmonary oedema, postoperative unconsciousness
Bupivacaine, lidocaine, succinylcholine. Diprivan has been used in association with spinal and epidural anaesthesia and with commonly used premedicants, neuromuscularblocking drugs, inhalational agents and analgesic agents; no pharmacological incompatibility has been encountered. Lower doses of Diprivan may be required where general anaesthesia is used as an adjunct to regional anaesthetic techniques. Incompatibilities: Diprivan should not be mixed prior to administration with injections or infusion fluids other than with 5% Dextrose in PVC bags or glass infusion bottles or lignocaine injection or alfentanil injection in plastic syringes. The neuromuscular-blocking agents, atracurium and mivacurium should not be given the same IV line as Diprivan without prior flushing
Propofol 1% Prefilled Syringes
Diprivan
Induction & maintenance of general anaesthesia. Sedation of ventilated ICU patients
Induction: 1.5-2.5mg/ kg at the rate of 20-40 mg every 10 seconds. CHILD more than 8 years: usually 2.5mg/ kg. Maintenance: IV 25-50 mg repeated according response. IV infusion: 4-12mg/kg/hour; CHILD more than 3 years: 9-15 mg/kg/ hour. Sedation: 0.3 - 4 mg/kg/hour up to 3 days
Very common: Local pain on induction. Common: Hypotension, bradycardia, transient apnoea during induction, nausea & vomiting & headache during recovery phase, withdrawal symptoms in children, flushing in children. Uncommon: Thrombosis & phlebitis. Rare: Epileptiform movements, including convulsions Children less than 3 years and obstetric & opisthotonus during induction, maintenance & anaesthesia recovery. Very rare: Rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, post-operative fever, discoloration of urine following prolonged administration, anaphylaxis - may include angioedema, bronchospasm, erythema & hypotension sexual disinhibition, pulmonary oedema, postoperative unconsciousness
Bupivacaine, lidocaine, succinylcholine. Diprivan has been used in association with spinal and epidural anaesthesia and with commonly used premedicants, neuromuscularblocking drugs, inhalational agents and analgesic agents; no pharmacological incompatibility has been encountered. Lower doses of Diprivan may be required where general anaesthesia is used as an adjunct to regional anaesthetic techniques. Incompatibilities: Diprivan should not be mixed prior to administration with injections or infusion fluids other than with 5% Dextrose in PVC bags or glass infusion bottles or lignocaine injection or alfentanil injection in plastic syringes. The neuromuscular-blocking agents, atracurium and mivacurium should not be given the same IV line as Diprivan without prior flushing
Propranolol HCl 1 mg/ml Injection
Inderal
Arrhythmias and thyrotoxicosis crisis
Slow IV injection in a dose of 1 mg over 1 minute, repeated if necessary every 2 minutes until a maximum of 10 mg has been given in conscious patients and 5 mg in patients under anaesthesia. CHILD: 25 - 50 mcg/kg slow IV with appropriate monitoring
Bronchospasm, bradycardia, depression, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, central nervous system effects, muscle cramps, fluid retention, skin rashes, dry mouth
Hypersensitivity to propranolol, asthma, bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, cardiogenic shock overt cardiac failure, obstructive airway disease
Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, clonidine, cocaine, digoxin, dihydroergotamine, dihydropyridine, calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, disopyramide, epinephrine, ergotamine, flecainide, flunarizine, fluvoxamine, furosemide, risk of lignocaine toxicity increased Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, clonidine, cocaine, digoxin, dihydroergotamine, dihydropyridine, calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, disopyramide, epinephrine, ergotamine, flecainide, flunarizine, fluvoxamine, furosemide, risk of lignocaine toxicity increased
Propranolol HCl 10 mg Tablet
Inderal
Dysrythmias, tachycardia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (For cardiologist only)
10 - 40 mg 3 - 4 times daily
Avoid abrupt withdrawal, bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, hepatic disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy, breast feeding
Hypersensitivity to propranolol, asthma, bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, cardiogenic shock overt cardiac failure, obstructive airway disease
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Propranolol HCl 40 mg Tablet
Inderal
i) Initially 80 mg twice daily increased as required to a usual range of 160 - 320 mg daily. CHILD: Initial doses of 1 mg/kg in divided doses, can be increased to 2 - 4 mg/kg/day in divided doses ii) Initial dose of 40 mg 2 - 3 times daily. Maintenance 120 - 240 mg daily iii) 40mg 4 times daily for 2 - 3 days then 80 mg twice i) Hypertension ii) Angina iii) Myocardial infarct iv) daily, beginning 5 - 21 days after infarction iv) 10 - 40 Cardiac arrhythmia v) Portal hypertension vi) Migraine mg 3 - 4 times daily v) Initially 40 mg twice daily. The vii) Thyrotoxicosis dose may be increased as required up to 160 mg twice daily vi) Initial prophylaxis dose: 40 mg 2 - 3 times daily. The dose may be increased at weekly intervals up to 160 mg daily vii) Adjunct: 10 - 40 mg 3 4 times daily. CHILD: Arrythmias, thyrotoxicosis: 0.25 0.5 mg/kg 3 - 4 times daily as required Palliative treatment of hypothyroidism as an adjunct to ameliorate hyperthyrodism in preparation for surgical treatment or radioactive iodine therapy and in the management of thyrotoxicosis crisis
Avoid abrupt withdrawal, bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, hepatic disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy, breast feeding
Hypersensitivity to propranolol, asthma, bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block, cardiogenic shock, overt cardiac failure, obstructive airway disease
Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, amiodarone, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, clonidine, cocaine, digoxin, dihydroergotamine, dihydropyridine, calcium channel blocker, disopyramide, epinephrine, ergotamine, flecainide, flunarizine, fluvoxamine, furosemide, risk of lignocaine toxicity increased
Propylthiouracil 50 mg Tablet
CHILD: Initial 5 - 7 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours. Maintenance: 1/3 to 2/3 of the initial dose in divided doses every 6 - 8 hours. ADULT: Initial dose: Renal impairment 300 - 450 mg daily in divided doses every 8 hours. Maintenance: 100 - 150 mg daily in divided doses every 8 - 12 hours 5 ml slow IV injected over 10 minutes. If administered within 15 minutes of heparin dose, 1 mg will neutralise approximately 100 units of heparin. If longer time has elapsed, less protamine is required. Not more than 50 mg should be injected at any one time
Gastric distress, headache, nausea, skin rash
Pregnancy, lactation, bleeding disorders or easy bruising
Dicumarol, warfarin, carbimazole
Protamine Sulphate 50 mg/5 ml Injection
Heparin overdose and following cardiac or arterial surgery or dialysis procedures when required to neutralize the effects of heparin administered during extracorporeal circulation Trophic lesions in patients with arterial occlusive disease and with chronic venous insufficiency, burn injuries, impaired wound healing, decubitus ulcers and skin ulcer caused by irradiation Eyes disorders e.g. burns, scalds, ulcers, prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis, traumatic and ischaemic wound Trophic lesions in patients with arterial occlusive disease and with chronic venous insufficiency, burn injuries, impaired wound healing, decubitus ulcers and skin ulcer caused by irradiation Painful and inflammatory affliction on the oral mucosa, gums and lips, teething pain, denture pressure sores, oral and maxillofacial surgery and dressing after scaling For peripheral arterial occlusive disease gangrene and other trophic lesions, cerebrovascular disease, chronic venous insufficiency, severe burns, irradiation lesions, impaired wound healing, arteriosclerotic, diabetic angiopathies and myocardial infarct Intestinal nematodes
The rapid administration of protamine is associated with a higher incidence of adverse haemodynamic effects and anaphylactoid-like reactions. A solution Hypotension, bradycardia, hypersensitivity of 10 mg/mL should be injected slowly over 1 to 3 reactions minutes to prevent haemodynamic effects and anaphylactic-like reaction, patients with a history of fish allergy may also develop sensitivity reaction Burning sensation after application Allergic skin reactions
Hypersensitivity to protamine products
Not known
Protein Free Haemodialysate 10% Jelly Protein Free Haemodialysate 20% Eye Gel Protein Free Haemodialysate 5% Ointment
Solcoseryl
Apply 3 - 5 times daily
Hypersensitivity to any component
Not known
Solcoseryl
Instill 1 drop 3 - 4 times daily
Burning sensation after application
Burning sensation, allergic reactions may occur Hypersensitivity to any component after repeated application
Topical antiviral drug such as acyclovir
Solcoseryl
Apply 3 - 5 times daily
Allergic skin reactions
Not known
Protein Free Haemodialysate Dental Solcoseryl Adhesive Paste
Apply to lesions 3 - 5 times daily
Not known
Not known
Protein Free Haemodialysate Injection
Solcoseryl
Arteriosclerotic and diabetic angiopathies: 4 - 6 ml IM, IV or IA daily for first 2 weeks, after which the dose Pregnancy, lactation may be reduced. Myocardial infarct: 4 ml daily for 1 - 2 weeks ADULT and CHILD : 2 years and older - single dose 10mg/kg body weight once. Maximum 1 g ADULT and CHILD : 2 years and older - single dose 10mg/kg body weight once. Maximum 1 g Impaired liver function, anaemia, malnutrition and pregnancy Impaired liver function, anaemia, malnutrition and pregnancy
Not known
Not known
Pyrantel Pamoate 125 mg Tablet
Combantrin
Pyrantel Pamoate 250 mg Tablet
Combantrin
Intestinal nematodes
Pyrazinamide 500 mg Tablet
Tuberculosis
ADULT & CHILD : 25 mg/kg daily or 35 mg/kg 3 times Slightly impaired liver function, hyperuricaemia, weekly arthralgia, renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus
Pyridostigmine Bromide 60 mg Tablet Mestinon
Myasthenia gravis i) Pyridoxine-dependent convulsions in infancy ii) Sideroblastic anaemia iii) B6-deficient anaemia in adult iv) Prophylaxis to peripheral neuritis in isoniazid therapy v) Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and irradiation sickness i) Pyridoxine-dependent convulsions in infancy ii) Sideroblastic anaemia iii) B6-deficient anaemia in adult iv) Prophylaxis to peripheral neuritis in isoniazid therapy v) Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and irradiation sickness
ADULT: 30 - 120 mg at suitable intervals throughout Bronchial asthma (extreme caution) or bronchitis, the day, total daily dose 0.3 - 1.2 g. CHILD up to 6 renal disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, cholinergic years initially 30 mg, 6 - 12 years initially 60 mg, usual crisis total daily dose 30 - 360 mg i) INFANT 4 mg/kg daily for short periods ii) 100 - 400 mg daily in divided doses iii) ADULT 20 - 50 mg up to 3 times daily iv) Prophylaxis 10 mg daily, therapeutic 50 mg 3 times daily v) 20 - 100 mg daily i) INFANT 4 mg/kg daily for short periods ii) 100 - 400 mg daily in divided doses iii) ADULT 20 - 50 mg up to 3 times daily iv) Prophylaxis 10 mg daily, therapeutic 50 mg 3 times daily v) 20 - 100 mg daily Pregnancy, lactation, neonatal seizures, concurrent treatment with levodopa. Long term use in a dose of 200 mg or more daily has been associated with neuropathy Pregnancy, lactation, neonatal seizures, concurrent treatment with levodopa. Long term use in a dose of 200 mg or more daily has been associated with neuropathy
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain and discomfort, diarrhoea, headache, dizziness, drownsiness Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain and discomfort, diarrhoea, headache, dizziness, drownsiness Liver toxicity depending on treatment duration & concomitant therapy. Transient increase in serum transminase levels, acute atrophy of the liver. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain. Hyperuricaemia may occur with dosages more than 2 g/day Abdominal cramps, excessive sweating, bronchoconstriction, lacrimation, bradycardia, asystole, diaphoresis, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, cramp, muscle fasciculation, asthenia, miosis Peripheral sensory neuropathy, hypotonia, respiratory difficulties, nausea and other gastrointestinal complaints, photosensitivity, vesicular lesions and bullous lesions Peripheral sensory neuropathy, hypotonia, respiratory difficulties, nausea and other gastrointestinal complaints, photosensitivity, vesicular lesions and bullous lesions
Known hypersensitivity to pyrantel pamoate
Piperazine
Known hypersensitivity to pyrantel pamoate
Piperazine
Porphyria, severe liver damage, acute liver disease, pregnancy, lactation
Concurrent use of pyrazinamide and zidovudine may result in decreased efficacy of pyrazinamide. Cyclosporin, ethionamide
Intestinal or urinary obstruction
Potentiates actions of morphine derivatives and barbiturates, succinylcholine
Pyridoxine HCl 10 mg Tablet
Hypersensitivity to pyridoxine or any component Levodopa, penicillamine, selegiline, phenytoin of preparation
Pyridoxine HCl 50 mg/2 ml Injection
Hypersensitivity to pyridoxine or any component Levodopa, penicillamine, selegiline, phenytoin of preparation
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
i) Initial titration schedule over 4 days: 25 mg twice daily on Day 1, increase in steps of 25 - 50 mg 2 to 3 times daily on Days 2 and 3 to reach target dose of 300 - 400 mg daily by Day 4, given in 2 - 3 divided doses. Institute further dose adjustments, if indicated, at intervals of 2 days or more, in steps of 25 - 50 mg twice daily ii) 100 mg (Day 1), 200 mg (Day 2), 300 mg (Day 3) & 400 mg (Day 4). Further dosage adjustments up to 800 mg/day by Day 6 should be in increments of not more than 200 mg/day. Adjust dose within the range of 200 - 800 mg/day depending on clinical response and tolerability of the patient. Usual effective dose range: 400 - 800 mg/day iii) 50 mg ORALLY once a day on Day 1, then 100 mg once daily on Day 2, then 200 mg once daily on Day 3, then 300 mg once daily on Day 4 (all doses given at bedtime); patients requiring higher doses should receive 400 mg on Day 5, increased to 600 mg on Day 8 (week 1) i) Initial titration schedule over 4 days: 25 mg twice daily on Day 1, increase in steps of 25 - 50 mg 2 to 3 times daily on Days 2 and 3 to reach target dose of 300 - 400 mg daily by Day 4, given in 2 - 3 divided doses. Institute further dose adjustments, if indicated, at intervals of 2 days or more, in steps of 25 - 50 mg twice daily ii) 100 mg (Day 1), 200 mg (Day 2), 300 mg (Day 3) & 400 mg (Day 4). Further dosage adjustments up to 800 mg/day by Day 6 should be in increments of not more than 200 mg/day. Adjust dose within the range of 200 - 800 mg/day depending on clinical response and tolerability of the patient. Usual effective dose range: 400 - 800 mg/day iii) 50 mg ORALLY once a day on Day 1, then 100 mg once daily on Day 2, then 200 mg once daily on Day 3, then 300 mg once daily on Day 4 (all doses given at bedtime); patients requiring higher doses should receive 400 mg on Day 5, increased to 600 mg on Day 8 (week 1) i) & ii) 300 mg once daily on Day 1 and 600 mg on Day 2. Maintenance dose: 400 ? 800 mg once daily. Maximum dose: 800 mg daily iii) 50 mg on Day 1, 100 mg on Day 2, 200 mg on Day 3 and 300 mg on Day 4. Recommended daily dose is 300 mg. May be titrated up to 600 mg daily i) & ii) 300 mg once daily on Day 1 and 600 mg on Day 2. Maintenance dose: 400 ? 800 mg once daily. Maximum dose: 800 mg daily iii) 50 mg on Day 1, 100 mg on Day 2, 200 mg on Day 3 and 300 mg on Day 4. Recommended daily dose is 300 mg. May be titrated up to 600 mg daily
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Quetiapine Fumarate 100 mg Tablet Seroquel
i) Schizophrenia ii) Short term treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, either monotherapy or adjunct to lithium or divalproex iii) Treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder
Pregnancy, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, cerebrovascular disease, hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease, use with drugs known to prolong QTc interval. Renal & hepatic impairment. History of seizures & diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy & lactation. Elderly. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery
Headache, somnolence, weight gain, postural hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, rash, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia, dry mouth, constipation, leucopenia, dyspepsia, elevated serum transaminases (ALT, AST), mild asthenia, peripheral oedema, weight gain, syncope, rhinitis
Antihypertensives, cimetidine, CNS depressants, alcohol, carbamazepine, Hypersensitivity, severe CNS depression, bone barbiturates, valproate, phenytoin, rifampicin, marrow suppression, blood dyscrasias, severe thioridazine, ketoconazole, erythromycin. Other hepatic disease, coma centrally-acting drugs, alcohol, macrolide antibiotics
Quetiapine Fumarate 200 mg Tablet Seroquel
i) Schizophrenia ii) Short term treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, either monotherapy or adjunct to lithium or divalproex iii) Treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder
Pregnancy, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, cerebrovascular disease, hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease, use with drugs known to prolong QTc interval. Renal & hepatic impairment. History of seizures & diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy & lactation. Elderly. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery
Headache, somnolence, weight gain, postural hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, rash, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia, dry mouth, constipation, leucopenia, dyspepsia, elevated serum transaminases (ALT, AST), mild asthenia, peripheral oedema, weight gain, syncope, rhinitis
Antihypertensives, cimetidine, CNS depressants, alcohol, carbamazepine, Hypersensitivity, severe CNS depression, bone barbiturates, valproate, phenytoin, rifampicin, marrow suppression, blood dyscrasias, severe thioridazine, ketoconazole, erythromycin. Other hepatic disease, coma centrally-acting drugs, alcohol, macrolide antibiotics
Quetiapine Fumarate 300 mg Extended Release Tablet
Seroquel XR
i) Schizophrenia ii) Moderate to severe manic episodes in bipolar disorder iii) Major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder
Pregnancy, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, cerebrovascular disease, hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease, use with drugs known to prolong QTc interval. Renal & hepatic impairment. History of seizures & diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy & lactation. Elderly. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Pregnancy, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, cerebrovascular disease, hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease, use with drugs known to prolong QTc interval. Renal & hepatic impairment. History of seizures & diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy & lactation. Elderly. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery
Quetiapine Fumarate 400 mg Extended Release Tablet
Seroquel XR
i) Schizophrenia ii) Moderate to severe manic episodes in bipolar disorder iii) Major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder
Quinine Dihydrochloride 600 mg/2 ml Injection
Suppression or treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium Falciparum malaria in conjunction with other antimalarial agents
By slow intravenous infusion (over 4 hours). ADULT : 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 8 hours. CHILD : Atrial fibrillation or other serious heart disease, 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 hours, initial myasthenia gravis, history of asthma, optic neuritis, dose should be half in patients who have received tinnitus, hypoglycaemia quinine, quinidine or mefloquine during the previous 12 or 24 hours 300 - 600 mg daily. Treatment : 1.2 - 2 g daily in divided doses. CHILDS less than 1 year : 100 - 200 Atrial fibrillation or other serious heart disease, mg daily, 1 - 3 years : 200 - 300 mg daily, 4 - 6 years: myasthenia gravis, history of asthma, optic neuritis, up to 500 mg daily, more than 7 years : up to 1 g daily. tinnitus, hypoglycaemia All above doses are given for 7 days in 2 - 3 divided doses
Quinine Sulphate 300 mg Tablet
Suppression or treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium Falciparum malaria in conjunction with other antimalarial agents
Rabeprazole Sodium 20 mg Tablet
Pariet
i) Treatment and maintenance of erosive or ulcerative i) 10-20 mg daily for 4-8 weeks, maintenance 10-20 Liver disease, hepatic impairment, elderly, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ii) Duodenal mg daily ii) 20 mg daily at morning for up to 4-8 weeks pregnancy, lactation ulcers Prophylaxis: 3 dose (1 ml each) schedule on days 0, 7 and 28. Booster dose after every 2 - 3 years. Post Pre-exposure and post-exposure vaccination against exposure prophylaxis: use after attack of a potential Allergy to neomycin rabies rabid animal: 1 dose on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 30. In previously vaccinated individuals 2 doses on day 0 and 3 Prevention and treatment of post menopausal osteoporosis 1 tablet daily
Headache, somnolence, weight gain, postural hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, rash, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia, dry mouth, constipation, leucopenia, dyspepsia, elevated serum transaminases (ALT, AST), mild asthenia, peripheral oedema, weight gain, syncope, rhinitis Headache, somnolence, weight gain, postural hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, rash, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia, dry mouth, constipation, leucopenia, dyspepsia, elevated serum transaminases (ALT, AST), mild asthenia, peripheral oedema, weight gain, syncope, rhinitis Headache, fever, vomiting, muscle weakness, excitement, confusion, blindness, deafness, loss of consciousness, fall in blood pressure, rash, hypoglycaemia, dysphagia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity (rare), haemolytic uremic syndrome, interstitial nephritis Headache, fever, vomiting, muscle weakness, excitement, confusion, blindness, deafness, loss of consciousness, fall in blood pressure, rash, hypoglycaemia, dysphagia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity (rare), hemolytic uremic syndrome, interstitial nephritis Agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, jaundice, interstitial pneumonia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, oedema, headache, dizziness, rash Erythema of injection site, fever with mild asthenia
Antihypertensives, cimetidine, CNS depressants, alcohol, carbamazepine, Hypersensitivity, severe CNS depression, bone barbiturates, valproate, phenytoin, rifampicin, marrow suppression, blood dyscrasias, severe thioridazine, ketoconazole, erythromycin. Other hepatic disease, coma centrally-acting drugs, alcohol, macrolide antibiotics Antihypertensives, cimetidine, CNS depressants, alcohol, carbamazepine, Hypersensitivity, severe CNS depression, bone barbiturates, valproate, phenytoin, rifampicin, marrow suppression, blood dyscrasias, severe thioridazine, ketoconazole, erythromycin. Other hepatic disease, coma centrally-acting drugs, alcohol, macrolide antibiotics
Presence of haemoglobinuria during malaria or of optic neuritis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hypersensitivity to quinine, myasthenia gravis
Amiodarone, terfenadine, thioridazine, digoxin, cimetidine, astemizole, cyclosporine, droperidol, mefloquine, methadone, pancuronium, rifapentine
Presence of haemoglobinuria during malaria or of optic neuritis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hypersensitivity to quinine, myasthenia gravis
Amiodarone, terfenadine, thioridazine, digoxin, cimetidine, astemizole, cyclosporine, droperidol, mefloquine, methadone, pancuronium, rifapentine
Hypersensitivity to rabeprazole or substituted benzimidazoles
Ampicillin, digoxin, iron, itraconazole, ketoconazole, warfarin
Rabies Human Diploid Cell Vaccine (Lyophilised) Injection
Imorab
Pregnancy, acute febrile illness
Corticosteroids, immunosuppressives
Raloxifene HCl 60 mg Tablet
Evista
Has been associated with increased risk of Elderly, excessive exercise, hypoglycaemia, breast thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis, cancer pulmonary embolism) and superficial thrombophlebitis. Hot flushes and leg cramps
Women with child bearing potential, active thromboembolic disorder, pregnancy
Ampicillin and cholestyramine decrease raloxifene absorption
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
i) Hypertension and congestive heart failure ii) Postmyocardial infarction iii) Reducing risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death in diabetics or patients with increased cardiovascular risks
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Ramipril 2.5 mg Tablet
Tritace
i) Initially 2.5 mg once daily, increased at intervals of 1 - 2 weeks to maximum 10 mg once daily ii) Initially 2.5 Nausea, dizziness & headache, dry cough, mg twice daily for 2 days then increased to maximum Renal or hepatic impairment, hyperstimulated reninhypotension, hypokalemia, fatigue, pruritus, 5 mg twice daily iii) Initially 1.25 - 2.5 mg once daily, angiotensin system rash & fever ,pancreatitis, angioedema increased to 5 mg once daily after 1 week, maximum dose: 10 mg once daily after 3 weeks i) Initially 2.5 mg once daily, increased at intervals of 1 - 2 weeks to maximum 10 mg once daily ii) Initially 2.5 Nausea, dizziness & headache, dry cough, mg twice daily for 2 days then increased to maximum Renal or hepatic impairment, hyperstimulated reninhypotension, hypokalemia, fatigue, pruritus, 5 mg twice daily iii) Initially 1.25 - 2.5 mg once daily, angiotensin system rash & fever ,pancreatitis, angioedema increased to 5 mg once daily after 1 week, maximum dose: 10 mg once daily after 3 weeks Headache, blepharitis, cataract, conjunctival hemorrhage, dry eye, inflammatory disorder of the eye, raised intraocular pressure, vitreous floaters, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory infection. Arterial thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular accident, atrophic iris, central retinal vein occlusion - ischemic, endophthalmitis, glaucoma, iridocyclitis, retinal detachment, retinal hemorrhage, retinal tear, thrombosis of retinal artery
Hypersensitivity, history of angioedema with ACE inhibitors, bilateral renal artery stenosis or Enhanced hypotensive effects by alcohol, a single kidney with unilateral renal artery alprostadil and anaesthetics stenosis. Pregnancy and lactation
Ramipril 5 mg Tablet
Tritace
i) Hypertension and congestive heart failure ii) Postmyocardial infarction iii) Reducing risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death in diabetics or patients with increased cardiovascular risks
Hypersensitivity, history of angioedema with ACE inhibitors, bilateral renal artery stenosis or Enhanced hypotensive effects by alcohol, a single kidney with unilateral renal artery alprostadil and anaesthetics stenosis. Pregnancy and lactation
Ranibizumab 10 mg/ ml Injection
Lucentis
0.5 mg (0.05 ml) by intravitreous injection. Initial Treatment of Neovascular (wet) Age-Related Macular loading dose: 1 injection per month for 3 consecutive Degeneration (ARMD) months
Arterial thromboembolic events. Monitor intraoccular pressure (IOP) and perfusion of the optic nerve following intravitreous injection. Pregnancy and lactation
Active or suspected ocular/periocular infections. Hypersensitivity to ranibizumab or to any of the Active intraocular inflammation excipients
Ranitidine 150 mg Tablet
Zantac
i) Benign gastric and duodenal ulcer ii) Reflux oesophagitis iii) Non-ulcer dyspepsia iv) ZollingerEllison Syndrome
H2-receptor antagonists should be used with caution in hepatic impairment, in renal impairment, pregnancy and in breast-feeding. H2-receptor i) 150 mg twice daily (at morning and night) or 300 mg antagonists might mask symptoms of gastric on night for 4-8 weeks. Maintenance: 150-300 mg on cancer. Avoid in porphyrias. Ranitidine and night ii) 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg on night for 8-12 phenytoin is not recommended. If no alternatives weeks iii) 150 mg daily or twice daily iv) 150 mg and exist, clinical monitoring of patient response, may be increased as necessary to 6 g/day tolerance and serum phenytoin concentrations is recommended, especially during the first month of therapy
Gastrointestinal disturbances, diarrhoea, altered liver function tests (rarely liver damage), headache, dizziness, rash and tiredness. Rare side-effects include acute pancreatitis, bradycardia, AV block, confusion, depression and hallucinations particularly in the elderly or the very ill, hypersensitivity reactions (including Hypersensitivity to ranitidine fever, arthralgia, myalgia, anaphylaxis), blood disorders (including agranulocytosis, leucopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia) and skin reactions (including erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis). There have been occasional reports of gynaecomastia and impotence Gastrointestinal disturbances, diarrhoea, altered liver function tests (rarely liver damage), headache, dizziness, rash and tiredness. Rare side-effects include acute pancreatitis, bradycardia, AV block, confusion, depression and hallucinations particularly in the elderly or the very ill, hypersensitivity reactions (including Hypersensitivity to ranitidine fever, arthralgia, myalgia, anaphylaxis), blood disorders (including agranulocytosis, leucopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia) and skin reactions (including erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis). There have been occasional reports of gynaecomastia and impotence
Absorption may be reduced by concomitant administration with high doses (2 g) of sucralfate
Ranitidine 150 mg/10 ml Syrup
Zantac
Peptic ulcer disease
CHILD 2-4 mg/kg 2 times daily. Maximum 300 mg daily
H2-receptor antagonists should be used with caution in hepatic impairment, in renal impairment, pregnancy and in breast-feeding. H2-receptor antagonists might mask symptoms of gastric cancer. Avoid in porphyrias. Ranitidine and phenytoin is not recommended. If no alternatives exist, clinical monitoring of patient response, tolerance and serum phenytoin concentrations is recommended, especially during the first month of therapy
Ranitidine 300 mg Tablet
Zantac
i) Benign gastric and duodenal ulcer ii) Reflux oesophagitis iii) Non-ulcer dyspepsia iv) ZollingerEllison Syndrome
Gastrointestinal disturbances, diarrhoea, altered liver function tests (rarely liver damage), H2-receptor antagonists should be used with headache, dizziness, rash and tiredness. Rare caution in hepatic impairment, in renal impairment, side-effects include acute pancreatitis, pregnancy and in breast-feeding. H2-receptor bradycardia, AV block, confusion, depression i) 150 mg twice daily (at morning and night) or 300 mg antagonists might mask symptoms of gastric and hallucinations particularly in the elderly or on night for 4-8 weeks. Maintenance: 150-300 mg on cancer. Avoid in porphyrias. Ranitidine and the very ill, hypersensitivity reactions (including night ii) 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg on night for 8-12 Hypersensitivity to ranitidine phenytoin is not recommended. If no alternatives fever, arthralgia, myalgia, anaphylaxis), blood weeks iii) 150 mg daily or twice daily iv) 150 mg and exist, clinical monitoring of patient response, disorders (including agranulocytosis, may be increased as necessary to 6 g/day tolerance and serum phenytoin concentrations is leucopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia) recommended, especially during the first month of and skin reactions (including erythema therapy multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis). There have been occasional reports of gynaecomastia and impotence
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Ranitidine 50 mg/2 ml Injection
Zantac
i) Benign gastric/ duodenal ulceration, reflux oesophagitis, Zollinger Ellison Syndrome ii) Stress ulcer prophylaxis in post-operative and high risk patients
Gastrointestinal disturbances, diarrhoea, altered liver function tests (rarely liver damage), H2-receptor antagonists should be used with headache, dizziness, rash and tiredness. Rare caution in hepatic impairment, in renal impairment, side-effects include acute pancreatitis, i) ADULT: Slow IV injection of 50 mg diluted to 20 ml pregnancy and in breast-feeding. H2-receptor bradycardia, AV block, confusion, depression and given over at least 2 minutes. May be repeated antagonists might mask symptoms of gastric and hallucinations particularly in the elderly or every 6-8 hours or IV infusion at rate of 25 mg/hour for cancer. Avoid in porphyrias. Ranitidine and the very ill, hypersensitivity reactions (including 2 hours, may be repeated at 6-8 hours intervals or IM. Hypersensitivity to ranitidine phenytoin is not recommended. If no alternatives fever, arthralgia, myalgia, anaphylaxis), blood CHILD: 1 mg/kg/dose 6-8 hourly. ii) Initial slow IV exist, clinical monitoring of patient response, disorders (including agranulocytosis, injection of 50 mg, then continuous infusion of 125tolerance and serum phenytoin concentrations is leucopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia) 250 mcg/kg/hour recommended, especially during the first month of and skin reactions (including erythema therapy multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis). There have been occasional reports of gynaecomastia and impotence 0.5 mg within 30 minutes before main meal. If patients are transferred from another oral hypoglycaemic Patients more than 75 years, debilitated or agent. Start dose with 1 mg before each main meal. malnourished patients, renal impairment Max single dose: 4 mg before each main meal. Max 16 mg/day Type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis with or without coma. Pregnancy, lactation. Children less than 12 years. Severe hepatic impairment, concomitant therapy with medicinal products which are CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers History of severe pre-existing cardiac disease, haemoglobinopathies, severe debilitating medical conditions, chronic renal failure or cretinine clearance less than 50 mL/minute, severe psychiatric condition, severe hepatic dysfunction, decompensated liver cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, history of autoimmune disease, uncontrolled thyroid disease. Pregnancy and lactation Hypersensitivity to riboflavin products
Repaglinide 2 mg Tablet
Novonorm
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (as monotherapy or in combination with metformin when metformin alone is inadequate)
Hypoglycaemia, transient visual disturbances, gastrointestinal disturbances, hypersensitivity reactions of skin, arthralgia
Cytochrome P450 effect, erythromycin, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, phenytoin, rifampicin, ACE inhibitors, alcohol, anabolic steroids, non-selective beta-blockers, MAOIs, NSAIDs, octreotide, salicylates, corticosteroids, danazol, oral contraceptives, sympathomimetics, thiazides, thyroid hormones
Ribavirin 200 mg Capsule
Rebetol
For the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (in combination with interferon alfa-2a/2b)
ADULT more than 18 years and more than 75 kg: 600 mg twice daily. ADULT less than 75 kg: 400 mg in the morning: 600 mg in the evening
Riboflavine 3 mg Tablet
For prevention and treatment of riboflavine deficiency
CHILD: 2.5-10 mg/day in divided doses. ADULT: 5-30 mg/day in divided doses
Rifampicin 100 mg/5 ml Syrup
Rifadin
Tuberculosis and leprosy
CHILD: 20 mg/kg body weight daily in 1 - 2 doses. Up to 1 year: 10 mg/kg body weight in a single daily dose
Rifampicin 150 mg Capsule
Rifadin
i) Tuberculosis ii) Leprosy iii) Prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis
i) ADULT: 450 - 600 mg as a single morning dose. CHILD: 10 - 20 mg/kg body weight daily in 1 - 2 doses. Directly observed therapy (DOT): 10 mg/kg twice weekly or 3 times/week. Maximum: 600 mg ii) 600 mg/day iii) 600 mg twice daily for 2 days
Rifampicin 150 mg, Isoniazid 75 mg & Pyrazinamide 400 mg Tablet
Rimcure 3-FDC
Initial phase (2 months) of tuberculosis treatment
Patient more than or 71 kg: 5 tab/day, 55 -70 kg: 4 tab/day, 38-54 kg: 3 tab/day, 30-37 kg: 2 tab/day. To be taken as a single dose
Haemolysis, anaemia, neutropenia, dry mouth, hyperhidrosis, asthenia, chest pain, fatigue, Exclude pregnancy before treatment, effective fever, headache, flu-like symptoms, malaise, contraception essential during treatment and for 4 rigors, weight loss, dizziness, paresthesia, months after treatment in women and for 7 months gastrointestinal disturbances, arthralgia, after treatment in men, routine monthly pregnancy myalgia, central nervous system effects, viral test infection, cough, dyspnoea, pharyngitis, rhinitis, alopecia, pruritus, rash, dry skin, parageusia, blurred vision Riboflavin deficiency often occurs in the presence of other vitamin B deficiencies. High content of Urine discoloration riboflavin and pyridoxine in some commercial infant formula Flushing, itching, gastrointestinal reactions, pseudomembranous colitis, hepatitis, Patients with impaired liver function, pregnancy, thrombocytopenia, muscle weakness. Flu lactation syndrome may occur with intermittent dosage regimens. May produce a reddish brown discoloration of body fluids Flushing, itching, gastrointestinal reactions, pseudomembranous colitis, hepatitis, Alcoholism, patients with impaired liver function, thrombocytopenia, muscle weakness. Flu pregnancy, lactation syndrome may occur with intermittent dosage regimens. May produce a reddish brown discoloration of body fluids Reddish discoloration of body fluids & other body secretions, increased hepatic enzyme levels, GI disturbances, tiredness, drowsiness, Impaired renal/liver function, diabetes mellitus, headache, dizziness, ataxia, leucopenia, chronic alcoholism, undernourished patients, eosinophilia, flushing, itching, rash, history of gout, convulsive disorders, acute disturbances in the menstrual cycle, induction of porphyria. Avoid tyramine and histamine-containing crisis in Addison patients, "flu-like" symptoms, food. Prophylactic administration of pyridoxine is disturbances of liver function, hepatitis, recommended. Avoid wearing contact lenses for at peripheral neuropathy, agranulocytosis, least 1 week after stopping therapy. Pregnancy. eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, allergic May impair ability to drive or operate machinery reactions, lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, pellagra, gynaecomastia, hyperuricaemia, interstitial nephritis, dysuria, mild arthralgia & myalgia, photosensitivity, fever, porphyria Reddish discoloration of body fluids, increased hepatic enzyme levels, gastrointestinal disturbances, tiredness, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, ataxia, leucopenia, eosinophilia, flushing, itching, rash, disturbances in the menstrual cycle, induction of crisis in Addison Impaired renal or liver function, diabetes mellitus, patients, 'flu-like' symptoms, disturbances of chronic alcoholism, undernourished patients and liver function, hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, history of gout, convulsive disorders, and acute agranulocytosis, eosinophilia, porphyria. Avoid tyramine and histamine-containing thrombocytopenia, allergic reactions, lupus food. May impair ability to drive or operate erythematosus-like syndrome, pellagra, machinery gynaecomastia, hyperuricaemia, interstitial nephritis, dysuria, photosensitivity, porphyria, reversible retrobulbar neuritis with a reduction of visual acuity, central scotoma and green-red color blindness, jaundice, peripheral neuritis, confusion, hallucinations, joint pain, fever, malaise, anorexia and abdominal pain
Zidovudine, stavudine
Decreased absorption with probenecid
Hypersensitivity and jaundice patient
May reduce the activity of anticoagulant, corticosteroids, cyclosporin, digitalis preparations, oral contraceptives, oral hypoglycaemics
May reduce the activity of anticoagulant, corticosteroids, cyclosporin, digitalis, oral contraceptives, oral hypoglycaemics
History of drug-induced hepatitis, acute liver diseases regardless of their origin, peripheral neuritis
Oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, anticoagulants, antidiabetics, antihypertensives, cardiac drugs, antiepileptics, antacids, cimetidine, opioid analgesics, disulfiram, anxiolytics, sedatives, sulfinpyrazone, allopurinol, colchicine, probenecid, corticosteroids, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, dapsone, methadone, theophylline, ciclosporin A, azathioprine, alcohol
Rifampicin 150 mg, Isoniazid 75 mg, Pyrazinamide 400 mg & Ethambutol HCl 275 mg Tablet
Treatment of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, in the intensive treatment phase
ADULT: 30 - 37 kg: 2 tablets daily, 38 - 54 kg: 3 tablets daily, 55 - 70 kg: 4 tablets daily, more than 70 kg: 5 tablets daily
Combined preparation not suitable for use in children. History of drug-induced hepatitis, acute liver diseases regardless of their origin, peripheral neuritis
Oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, anticoagulants, antidiabetics, antihypertensives, cardiac drugs, antiepileptics, antacids, cimetidine, opioid analgesics, disulfiram, anxiolytics, sedatives, sulfinpyrazone, allopurinol, colchicine, probenecid, corticosteroids, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, dapsone, methadone, theophylline, cyclosporin A, azathioprine, alcohol
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Flushing, itching, gastrointestinal reactions, pseudomembranous colitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, muscle weakness. Flu syndrome may occur with intermittent dosage regimens. May produce a reddish brown discoloration of body fluids
Contraindications
Interactions
Rifampicin 300 mg Capsule
Rifadin
i) Tuberculosis ii) Leprosy iii) Prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis
i) ADULT: 450 - 600 mg as a single morning dose. CHILD: 10 - 20 mg/kg body weight daily in 1 - 2 doses. Alcoholism, patients with impaired liver function, Directly observed therapy (DOT): 10 mg/kg twice pregnancy, lactation weekly or 3 times/week. Maximum: 600 mg ii) 600 mg/day iii) 600 mg twice daily for 2 days Rifampicin: 600 mg once monthly, Dapsone: 100 mg daily, Clofazimine: 300 mg once monthly and 50 mg daily (or 100 mg on alternate days)
Rifampicin, Dapsone & Clofazimine
MB Combi
For the treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis
Patients with impaired liver function, pregnancy, lactation
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, dizziness, tachycardia, nervousness, insomnia, Hypersensitivity to rifampicin, dapsone and skin disorders, agranulocytosis, peripheral clofazimine neuritis, psychosis, haemolysis, methaemoglobinemia, hypersensitivity reactions Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, congestive heart failure, hypertension, tachycardia, fluid accumulation, irritability, restlessness, weakness, headache, dizziness, obtundation, convulsions
Ringer's Solution Injection (contained sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride)
As a source of electrolytes and water for hydration/replenishing of chloride
Congestive heart failure, circulatory insufficiency, kidney dysfunction, hypoproteinaemia, cirrhotic disease, hypervolaemia, urinary tract obstruction and patients receiving drugs that cause sodium retention, eg corticosteroids or corticotropin
Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, hypersensitivity, sodium chloride solutions with preservatives in newborns for injection or Not known flushing of intravenous lines or mixing medications, hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks
Risperidone 1 mg Tablet
Risperdal
Psychoses and schizophrenia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, QT prolongation, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or conditions that predispose patients to orthostatic hypotension, ADULT : 2 mg in 1 - 2 divided doses on first day then hypothermia or hyperthermia, previous diagnosis of 4 mg in 1 - 2 divided doses on 2nd day then 6 mg in 1 - breast cancer or prolactin-dependent tumours, 2 divided doses on 3rd day (slower titration renal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency, Lewy body appropriate in some patients); usual range 4 - 8 mg dementia or Parkinson's disease, seizure history, daily; dose above 10 mg daily only if benefit outweigh pathologic changes in blood count, dysphagia, risk (maximum 16 mg daily). Elderly (or in hepatic or elderly patients, hypotension, hypovolaemia, renal impairment): initially 0.5 mg twice daily increased dehydration, agents prolonging QT, risk of in steps of 0.5 mg twice daily to 1 - 2 mg twice daily. aspiration pneumonia. Known cardiovascular Not recommended in children under 15 years disease, dosage should be gradually titrated as recommended, a dose reduction should be considered when hypotension occurs. Epilepsy, pregnancy ad lactation. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, QT prolongation, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or conditions that predispose patients to orthostatic hypotension, hypothermia or hyperthermia, previous diagnosis of breast cancer or prolactin-dependent tumours, renal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency, Lewy body dementia or Parkinson's disease, seizure history, pathologic changes in blood count, dysphagia, elderly patients, hypovolaemia, dehydration, agents prolonging QT, risk of aspiration pneumonia, hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, pregnancy and lactation. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery
Somnolence, dizziness, hyperkinesia, nausea, extrapyramidal effects, constipation, anxiety, headache, rhinitis, rash, dyspepsia, tachycardia, dry mouth, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, hyperprolactinaemia, menstrual irregularities, severe hypotension, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and hyperglycaemia
Hyperprolactinaemia, hypersensitivity to risperidone products, prolonged QT interval
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Carbamazepine, increased risperidone clearance. Levodopa, loss of levodopa efficacy. Clozapine, decreased risperidone clearance. Amphotericin, Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, acetalozamide, central alpha2 agonists, systemic corticosteroids, diuretics, tricyclic antidepressants
Risperidone 1 mg/ml Oral Solution
Risperdal
Psychoses and schizophrenia
ADULT: 2 mg in 1 - 2 divided doses on 1st day then 4 mg in 1 - 2 divided doses on 2nd day then 6 mg in 1 2 divided doses on 3rd day (slower titration appropriate in some patients); usual range 4 - 8 mg daily; dose above 10 mg daily only if benefit outweighs risk (maximum 16 mg daily). Elderly (or in hepatic or renal impairment): initially 0.5 mg twice daily increased in steps of 0.5 mg twice daily to 1-2 mg twice daily. Not recommended in children under 15 years
Somnolence, dizziness, hyperkinesia, nausea, extrapyramidal effects, constipation, anxiety, headache, rhinitis, rash, dyspepsia, tachycardia, dry mouth, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, hyperprolactinaemia, menstrual irregularities, severe hypotension, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and hyperglycaemia, insomnia, agitation, depression, fatigue
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Carbamazepine, increased risperidone clearance. Levodopa, loss of levodopa efficacy. Clozapine, decreased risperidone clearance. Amphotericin, Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, acetalozamide, central alpha2 agonists, systemic corticosteroids, diuretics, tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, some blockers, fluoxetine, use with other centrally acting drugs (caution)
Risperidone 2 mg Tablet
Risperdal
Risperidone 25 mg Injection (Long Acting)
Risperdal Consta
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, QT prolongation, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or conditions that predispose patients to orthostatic hypotension, ADULT : 2 mg in 1 - 2 divided doses on first day then hypothermia or hyperthermia, previous diagnosis of 4 mg in 1 - 2 divided doses on 2nd day then 6 mg in 1 - breast cancer or prolactin-dependent tumours, 2 divided doses on 3rd day (slower titration renal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency, Lewy body appropriate in some patients); usual range 4 - 8 mg dementia or Parkinson's disease, seizure history, Psychoses and schizophrenia daily; dose above 10 mg daily only if benefit outweigh pathologic changes in blood count, dysphagia, risk (maximum 16 mg daily). Elderly (or in hepatic or elderly patients, hypotension, hypovolaemia, renal impairment): initially 0.5 mg twice daily increased dehydration, agents prolonging QT, risk of in steps of 0.5 mg twice daily to 1 - 2 mg twice daily. aspiration pneumonia. Known cardiovascular Not recommended in children under 15 years disease, dosage should be gradually titrated as recommended, a dose reduction should be considered when hypotension occurs. Epilepsy, pregnancy ad lactation. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, QT prolongation, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or conditions that predispose patients to orthostatic hypotension, Treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenic hypothermia or hyperthermia, previous diagnosis of psychosis and other psychotic conditions, in which 25 mg IM every 2 weeks. Dose increments (if breast cancer or prolactin-dependent tumours, positive and negative symptoms are prominent. It also required) to 37.5 mg or 50 mg can be considered after renal and hepatic insufficiency, Lewy body alleviates affective symptoms associated with a minimum of 4 weeks on each dosage dementia or Parkinson's disease, seizure history, schizophrenia pathologic changes in blood count, dysphagia, elderly patients, hypovolaemia, dehydration, risk of aspiration pneumonia, epilepsy, pregnancy and lactation. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery
Somnolence, dizziness, hyperkinesia, nausea, extrapyramidal effects, constipation, anxiety, headache, rhinitis, rash, dyspepsia, tachycardia, dry mouth, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, hyperprolactinaemia, menstrual irregularities, severe hypotension, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and hyperglycaemia
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Carbamazepine, increased risperidone clearance. Levodopa, loss of levodopa efficacy. Clozapine, decreased risperidone clearance. Amphotericin, class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, acetalozamide, central alpha2 agonists, systemic corticosteroids, diuretics, tricyclic antidepressants
Weight gain, insomnia, depression, fatigue and Hyperprolactinaemia, hypersensitivity to extra-pyramidal symptoms risperidone products, prolonged QT interval
May antagonize the effects of levodopa and other dopamine-agonists. Carbamazepine and other hepatic enzyme inducers, phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants and some betablockers, fluoxetine
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Risperidone 37.5 mg Injection (Long Risperdal Consta Acting)
Risperidone 50 mg Injection (Long Acting)
Risperdal Consta
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, QT prolongation, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or conditions that predispose patients to orthostatic hypotension, Treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenic hypothermia or hyperthermia, previous diagnosis of psychosis and other psychotic conditions, in which 25 mg IM every 2 weeks. Dose increments (if breast cancer or prolactin-dependent tumours, positive and negative symptoms are prominent. It also required) to 37.5 mg or 50 mg can be considered after renal and hepatic insufficiency, Lewy body alleviates affective symptoms associated with a minimum of 4 weeks on each dosage dementia or Parkinson's disease, seizure history, schizophrenia pathologic changes in blood count, dysphagia, elderly patients, hypovolaemia, dehydration, risk of aspiration pneumonia, epilepsy, pregnancy and lactation. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, QT prolongation, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or conditions that predispose patients to orthostatic hypotension, Treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenic hypothermia or hyperthermia, previous diagnosis of psychosis and other psychotic conditions, in which 25 mg IM every 2 weeks. Dose increments (if breast cancer or prolactin-dependent tumours, positive and negative symptoms are prominent. It also required) to 37.5 mg or 50 mg can be considered after renal and hepatic insufficiency, Lewy body alleviates affective symptoms associated with a minimum of 4 weeks on each dosage dementia or Parkinson's disease, seizure history, schizophrenia pathologic changes in blood count, dysphagia, elderly patients, hypovolaemia, dehydration, risk of aspiration pneumonia, epilepsy, pregnancy and lactation. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Patients with potential cardiac risks and cardiac abnormalities. Careful monitoring of patients with suspected cardiac disorder. Occult cardiac disease may be unmasked. Diabetics or those receiving potassium-depleting diuretics. Monitor patient's state of hydration, avoid fluid over load
Ritodrine HCl 50 mg/5 ml Injection
Yutopar
Prevention of preterm labour
IV 0.05 mg/min to be gradually increased by 0.05 mg/min every 10-15 minutes. IM injection: 10 mg 4-6 hourly. Continue treatment for 12-48 hours after ceased contraction
Ritonavir 100 mg Capsule
Norvir
ADULT: initially 300 mg twice daily, increase by 100 Progressive or advanced HIV infection in combination mg twice daily increments to 600 mg twice daily. For with other antiretroviral agents. Criteria for use: a) older child who can swallow soft gelatin capsule; 250 Clinical AIDS b) CD4 less than 350 cells or c) Viral mg/m2 twice daily for 2 days, if tolerate 400 mg/m2 load more than 10,000 copies/ml twice daily onwards Progressive or advanced HIV infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Criteria for use: a) ADULT: 400 - 600 mg twice daily. CHILD: 250 - 400 Clinical AIDS b) CD4 less than 350 cells or c) Viral mg/m2 twice daily load more than 10,000 copies/ml i) Treatment of patients with relapsed or chemoresistant low grade or follicular B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ii) Adjunctive therapy with combination chemoagents for aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma iii) Severe active rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response or intolerance to other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including one or more tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapies
Pulmonary oedema (several cases reported with fatal results). Maternal and fetal heart can increase. Frequently, nausea, vomiting, tremors, headache, erythema, nervousness, restlessness, jitterness, emotional upset, anxiety or malaise. Infrequently, cardiac symptoms eg. chest pain or tightness with or without ECG abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias. Impaired liver function Asthenia, gastrointestinal and neurological disturbances, anorexia, taste perversion, dyslipidemia, pancreatitis, hepatitis, StevensJohnson syndrome Asthenia, gastrointestinal and neurological disturbances, anorexia, taste perversion, dyslipidemia, pancreatitis, hepatitis, StevensJohnson syndrome
Antepartum haemorrhage due to any cause but particularly placenta praevia and abruption Corticosteroids, general anaesthesia. Other placenta. Eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia, sympathomimetic amines, beta-adrenergic intra-uterine fetal deaths, chorioamnionitis, blocking drugs, anaesthesia used in surgery maternal cardiac disorder, hyperthyroidism and uncontrolled hypertension Decreased plasma concentration with phenobarbital, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, phenytoin, rifampicin. Risk of myopathy with concurrent use of lovastatin, simvastatin Decreased plasma concentration with phenobarbital, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, phenytoin, rifampicin. Risk of myopathy with concurrent use of lovastatin, simvastatin
Hepatic impairment
Hypersensitivity, lactation, severe hepatic impairment
Ritonavir 80 mg/ml Solution
Norvir
Hepatic impairment
Hypersensitivity, lactation, severe hepatic impairment
Rituximab 500 mg/50 ml Injection
Mabthera
Hypersensitivity reaction may be severe, caution in patient receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy, history i) 375 mg/m2 body surface area administered as an IV of cardiovascular disease and pregnancy. Monitor infusion through a dedicated line once weekly for 4 for tumour lysis syndrome. Use with caution in heart weeks ii) Combination with CHOP as 375 mg/m2 BSA disease and monitor for infusion-related events. once every 3 to 4 weeks Medication for treatment of hypersensitivity must be available for immediate use during administration Hemorrhagic risks, uncontrolled severe arterial hypertension, active ulcerative gastrointestinal 10 mg once daily. Initial dose should be taken 6 to 10 disease, vascular retinopathy, recent intracranial or hour post-surgery provided that haemostasis has intracerebral hemorrhage, recent brain, intraspinal been established. Duration of treatment: Major hip or intracerebral vascular abnormalities, spinal or surgery 5 weeks. Major knee surgery 2 weeks ophthalmological surgery, hip fracture surgery, renal and hepatic impairment History of toxicity (especially excessive cholinergic responses) related to other cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g: tacrine), diabetes, cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal Initial dose 1.5 mg 2 times daily, may increase by 1.5 disorders, concurrent use of agents with mg 2 times daily every 2 weeks to maximum of 6 mg 2 anticholinergic activity, urogenital tract obstruction, times daily. If treatment is interrupted for several days, parkinsonism, pregnancy, renal or hepatic should be reinitiated at the lowest daily dose insufficiency, high incidence of nausea and vomiting, concurrent NSAIDs, asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease, anorexia, weight loss, neurological conditions resulting in seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor
Angina, cardiac arrythmias, lymphopenia, fever, chills, rigor, angioedema, nausea, rash, Hypersensitivity or anaphylactic reactions to headache, dizziness, renal toxicity, murine proteins or any component of the hypotension, bronchospasm, mucocutaneous formulation, breast feeding reactions, arrhythmias, chest pain, cough, rhinitis, dyspnoea Active bleeding, hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy, severe renal impairment, galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption, children and adolescent less than 18 year, pregnancy & lactation
Cisplatin, live vaccines, rotavirus vaccines
Rivaroxaban 10 mg Tablet
Xarelto
Prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery
Hypotension, constipation, diarrhoea, fever, oedema, unspecified pain, wound healing complications, increased transaminases, sleep disorders, dizziness, pruritus, post-procedural haemorrhage
CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg azole antifungals, macrolides, HIV protease inhibitors, nefazodone, diltiazem & verapamil) & inducers (eg rifampicin, barbiturates, phenytoin, St. John's wort)
Rivastigmine 1.5 mg Capsule
Exelon
For psychiatrists and neurologists only. Mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dizziness, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dyspepsia and headache
Cholinomimetic drugs, anticholinergic Known hypersensitivity to the drug, other medications, succinylcholine-type muscle carbamate derivatives, severe liver impairment relaxants during anaesthesia, diazepam, digoxin, fluoxetine and warfarin
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
History of toxicity (especially excessive cholinergic responses) related to other cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g: tacrine), diabetes, cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, concurrent use of agents with anticholinergic activity, urogenital tract obstruction, parkinsonism, pregnancy, renal or hepatic insufficiency, high incidence of nausea and vomiting, concurrent NSAIDs, asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease, anorexia, weight loss, neurological conditions resulting in seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor History of toxicity (especially excessive cholinergic responses) related to other cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g: tacrine), diabetes, cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, concurrent use of agents with anticholinergic activity, urogenital tract obstruction, parkinsonism, pregnancy, renal or hepatic insufficiency, high incidence of nausea and vomiting, concurrent NSAIDs, asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease, anorexia, weight loss, neurological conditions resulting in seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor History of toxicity (especially excessive cholinergic responses) related to other cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g: tacrine), diabetes, cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, concurrent use of agents with anticholinergic activity, urogenital tract obstruction, parkinsonism, pregnancy, renal or hepatic insufficiency, high incidence of nausea and vomiting, concurrent NSAIDs, asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease, anorexia, weight loss, neurological conditions resulting in seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor Sick-sinus syndrome, conduction defects, urinary obstruction, seizures in predisposed patients, asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease. Pregnancy and lactation. Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, anesthesia, low body weight, nicotine use. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery History of toxicity (especially excessive cholinergic responses) related to other cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g: tacrine), diabetes, cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, concurrent use of agents with anticholinergic activity, urogenital tract obstruction, parkinsonism, pregnancy, renal or hepatic insufficiency, high incidence of nausea and vomiting, concurrent NSAIDs, asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease, anorexia, weight loss, neurological conditions resulting in seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor Sick-sinus syndrome, conduction defects, urinary obstruction, seizures in predisposed patients, asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease. Pregnancy and lactation. Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, anesthesia, low body weight, nicotine use. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Rivastigmine 2 mg/ml Oral Solution
Exelon
Initial dose 1.5 mg 2 times daily. May be increased after a minimum of 2 weeks of treatment to 3 mg 2 times daily. Subsequently to 4.5 mg 2 times daily, up to maximum of 6 mg 2 times daily. If treatment is interrupted for several days, should be reinitiated at the lowest daily dose
Rivastigmine 3 mg Capsule
Exelon
Initial dose 1.5 mg 2 times daily, may increase by 1.5 mg 2 times daily every 2 weeks to maximum of 6 mg 2 times daily. If treatment is interrupted for several days, should be reinitiated at the lowest daily dose
Rivastigmine 4.5 mg Capsule
Exelon
Rivastigmine 4.6mg/24hr Transdermal Patch
Exelon patch 5
Mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease
Initial, 4.6 mg/24 hr patch TOPICALLY once daily; after a minimum of 4 weeks and good tolerability, increase the dose to 9.5 mg/24 hr patch once daily
Vomiting, nausea, anorexia, decreased appetite, anxiety, depression, insomnia, dizziness, headache, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, application site reaction
Hypersensitivity to rivastigmine, other Cholinomimetic drugs, anticholinergic carbamate derivatives and other components of medications, succinylcholine-type muscle the product relaxants during anaesthesia
Rivastigmine 6 mg Capsule
Exelon
Rivastigmine 9.5 mg/24hr Transdermal Patch
Exelonpatch 10
Mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease
Initial, 4.6 mg/24 hr patch TOPICALLY once daily; after a minimum of 4 weeks and good tolerability, increase the dose to 9.5 mg/24 hour patch once daily
Vomiting, nausea, anorexia, decreased appetite, anxiety, depression, insomnia, dizziness, headache, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, application site reaction
Hypersensitivity to rivastigmine, other Cholinomimetic drugs, anticholinergic carbamate derivatives and other components of medications, succinylcholine-type muscle the product relaxants during anaesthesia
Rocuronium Bromide 10 mg/ml Injection
Esmeron
As an adjunct to general anaesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation, to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery and to facilitate mechanical ventilation in adults, children and infants from 3 months of age
ADULT (usual) : Intubation: (rapid sequence intubation) initial, 0.6-1.2 mg/kg IV Intubation: (tracheal intubation) initial, 0.6 mg/kg IV Intubation: maintenance, 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV repeated as needed. Intubation: maintenance, 0.01-0.012 mg/kg/minute continuous IV infusion. Skeletal muscle relaxation: initial, 0.6 mg/kg IV, maintenance, 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV repeated as needed or 0.01-0.012 mg/kg/minute continuous IV infusion. CHILD: (usual) Intubation: (age 3 months-12 yr) initial, 0.6 mg/kg/dose IV, maintenance, 0.075-0.125 mg/kg IV as needed or 0.012 mg/kg/min continuous IV infusion. Skeletal muscle relaxation: (age 3 months-12 yr) initial, 0.6 mg/kg/dose IV, maintenance, 0.075-0.125 mg/kg IV as needed or 0.012 mg/kg/min continuous IV infusion
Hepatic, biliary tract and renal diseases, condition associated with prolonged circulation time, neuromuscular disease, hypothermic condition, obesity, hypokalaemia, hypermagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoproteinaemia, dehydration, acidosis, hypercapnia, cachexia increases effects. Not recommended to drive or operate machinery within 24 hour after full recovery
Minimal histamine-releasing and cardiovascular effects, high doses produce mild vagolytic activity. Rare anaphylactic reactions. Itching and erythematous reactions at the site of Hypersensitivity to rocuronium products injection and or generalized histaminoid reactions example bronchospasm and cardiovascular changes
Anaesthetics, other non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents, neostigmine, edrophonium, pyridostigmine, aminopyridine derivatives, phenytoin or carbamazepine, noradrenaline, azathioprine, theophylline and calcium chloride
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Neuroleptics and other centrally active dopamine antagonist, other dopamine agonists, ciprofloxacin, high dose oestrogen, hormone replacement therapy, antiarrhythmias, inhibitors of CYP1A2 eg, cimetidine, erythromycin, fluvoxamine, isoniazid, ritonavir and zileuton may increase serum concentrations of ropinirole. Ethanol, kava kava, gotu kola, valerian and St John's wort may increase central nervous system depression Neuroleptics and other centrally active dopamine antagonist, other dopamine agonists, ciprofloxacin, high dose oestrogen, hormone replacement therapy, antiarrhythmias, inhibitors of CYP1A2 eg, cimetidine, erythromycin, fluvoxamine, isoniazid, ritonavir and zileuton may increase serum concentrations of ropinirole. Ethanol, kava kava, gotu kola, valerian and St John's wort may increase central nervous system depression Hyaluronidase, propofol, rapacuronium, verapamil, antiarrhythmias, fluvoxamine, imipramine, theophylline and enoxacin. Concomitant use with other related amide-type local anaesthetic
Ropinirole HCl 0.25 mg Tablet
Requip
Parkinson disease in younger patients and patients with dyskinesias, especially peak dose dyskinesias
0.25 mg 3 times daily gradually increasing till adequate response obtained up to a maximum of 24 mg/day. Most patients need 3-9 mg/day
Several renal or hepatic failure, concomitant use of alcohol, others central nervous system depressants and neuroleptics. Pregnancy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Withdrawal should be gradual
Dizziness, headache, somnolence, nausea, vomiting, dyskinesia, hallucinations (dose related), sleep attacks, postural hypotension, syncope, abdominal pain
Hypersensitivity to ropinirole, pregnancy and lactation, hepatic or severe renal impairment
Ropinirole HCl 1 mg Tablet
Requip
Parkinson disease in younger patients and patients with dyskinesias, especially peak dose dyskinesias
0.25 mg 3 times daily gradually increasing till adequate response obtained up to a maximum of 24 mg/day. Most patients need 3-9 mg/day
Several renal or hepatic failure, concomitant use of alcohol, others central nervous system depressants and neuroleptics. Pregnancy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Withdrawal should be gradual
Dizziness, headache, somnolence, nausea, vomiting, dyskinesia, hallucinations (dose related), sleep attacks, postural hypotension, syncope, abdominal pain
Hypersensitivity to ropinirole, pregnancy and lactation, hepatic or severe renal impairment
Ropivacaine HCl 2 mg/ml Injection
Naropin
Ropivacaine HCl 7.5 mg/ml Injection Naropin
Dose adjusted according to patient physical status and nature of procedure. i) Lumbar epidural: 15-25 ml of 7.5 mg/ml solution; Caesarean section, 15-20 ml of i) Surgical anaesthaesia including obstetrics ii) Acute 7.5 mg/ml solution in incremental doses ( max . total pain management dose 150 mg). ii) lumbar epidural: 10-20 ml of 2mg/ml solution followed by 10-15 ml of 2 mg/ml solution at interval at of least 30 minutes. Labour pain 6-10 ml/hour of 2mg/ml solution Dose adjusted according to patient physical status and nature of procedure. i) Lumbar epidural: 15-25 ml of 7.5 mg/ml solution; Caesarean section, 15-20 ml of i) Surgical anaesthaesia including obstetrics ii) Acute 7.5 mg/ml solution in incremental doses ( max . total pain management dose 150 mg). ii) lumbar epidural: 10-20 ml of 2mg/ml solution followed by 10-15 ml of 2 mg/ml solution at interval at of least 30 minutes. Labour pain 6-10 ml/hour of 2mg/ml solution Diabetes mellitus with insulin resistant features, combined with sulphonylureas, metformin, acarbose 4 mg once daily or in 2 divided doses, may be and or insulin, delays introduction of insulin in type 2 increased to 8 mg/day in 1-2 divided doses after 12 diabetes mellitus already on maximal doses of two or week more oral hypoglycaemic agents
Severe liver disease, acidosis, chronic renal disease. Resuscitative equipment and drugs for treating toxic reactions should be immediately available
Confusion, respiratory depression and convulsion, hypersensitivity, tachycardia, nausea, backache, Horner's syndrome. Bradycardia, vomiting, paraesthesia, temperature elevation, headache, urinary retention, dizziness, hypertension, hypotension, rigors, tachycardia, anxiety, hypoesthesia Confusion, respiratory depression and convulsion, hypersensitivity, tachycardia, nausea, backache, Horner's syndrome. Bradycardia, vomiting, paraesthesia, temperature elevation, headache, urinary retention, dizziness, hypertension, hypotension, rigors, tachycardia, anxiety, hypoesthesia
Hypovolaemia, hypersensitivity to ropivacaine/amide-type anaesthetics, severe hypotension, complete heart block. General contraindications related to epidural anaesthesia, regardless of the local anaesthetic used, should be taken into account Hypovolaemia, hypersensitivity to ropivacaine/amide-type anaesthetics, severe hypotension, complete heart block. General contraindications related to epidural anaesthesia, regardless of the local anaesthetic used, should be taken into account
Severe liver disease, acidosis, chronic renal disease. Resuscitative equipment and drugs for treating toxic reactions should be immediately available Active liver disease, alanine transaminase levels more than 2.5 times upper limit of normal, chronic heart failure (class I-II), diabetes mellitus type I, oedema, lack of adequate contraception in premenopausal anovulatory women. Potential increased risk of myocardial ischaemia, exacerbate heart failure and other concurrent CV diseases such as hypertension Active liver disease, alanine transaminase levels more than 2.5 times upper limit of normal, chronic heart failure (class I-II), diabetes mellitus type I, oedema, lack of adequate contraception in premenopausal anovulatory women. Potential increased risk of myocardial ischaemia, exacerbate heart failure and other concurrent CV diseases such as hypertension Monitor renal and liver function. Predisposing factors for myopathy such as renal impairment, advanced age, hypothyroidism. Acute serious conditions suggestive of myopathy or predisposing to the development of renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Concurrent use of fibrates may cause severe myositis and myoglobinuria, concurrent use of other lipid-lowering therapies/ciclosporin may increase the risk of myopathy Monitor renal and liver function. Predisposing factors for myopathy such as renal impairment, advanced age, hypothyroidism. Acute serious conditions suggestive of myopathy or predisposing to the development of renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Concurrent use of fibrates may cause severe myositis and myoglobinuria, concurrent use of other lipid-lowering therapies/ciclosporin may increase the risk of myopathy Pregnancy must be avoided for 28 days after rubella vaccination
Hyaluronidase, propofol, rapacuronium, verapamil, antiarrhythmias, fluvoxamine, imipramine, theophylline and enoxacin. Concomitant use with other related amide-type local anaesthetic
Rosiglitazone 4 mg Tablet
Headache, anaemia, hepatotoxicity, weight gain, oedema
Hepatic impairment, history of heart failure, combination with insulin (risk of heart failure), pregnancy and breast feeding, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypersensitivity to rosiglitazone product
Gemfibrozil, rifampicin
Rosiglitazone 8 mg Tablet
Avandia
Diabetes mellitus with insulin resistant features, combined with sulphonylureas, metformin, acarbose 4 mg once daily or in 2 divided doses, may be and or insulin, delays introduction of insulin in type 2 increased to 8 mg/day in 1-2 divided doses after 12 diabetes mellitus already on maximal doses of two or week more oral hypoglycaemic agents Initially 5-10 mg once daily increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to 20 mg once daily, increased after further 4 weeks to 40 mg daily ONLY in severe hypercholesterolemia with high Dyslipidaemia not responsive to atorvastatin 40 mg or cardiovascular risk. Patient of Asian origin, patients on equivalent doses of other statins concomitant ciclosporin/fibrate and patients with risk factors for myopathy/rhabdomyolysis (including personal/family history of muscular disorders/toxicity), the maximum dose should be 20 mg daily Initially 5-10 mg once daily increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to 20 mg once daily, increased after further 4 weeks to 40 mg daily ONLY in severe hypercholesterolemia with high Dyslipidaemia not responsive to atorvastatin 40 mg or cardiovascular risk. Patient of Asian origin, patients on equivalent doses of other statins concomitant ciclosporin/fibrate and patients with risk factors for myopathy/rhabdomyolysis (including personal/family history of muscular disorders/toxicity), the maximum dose should be 20 mg daily Immunization against rubella (German measles) 0.5 ml SC as a a single dose
Headache, anaemia, hepatotoxicity, weight gain, oedema
Hepatic impairment, history of heart failure, combination with insulin (risk of heart failure), pregnancy and breast feeding, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypersensitivity to rosiglitazone product
Gemfibrozil, rifampicin
Rosuvastatin 10 mg Tablet
Crestor
Pharyngitis, headache, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, nausea, myalgia, asthenia, back pain, flu syndrome, urinary tract infection, rhinitis, sinusitis, altered liver function tests, paraesthesia, abdominal pain, flatulence, constipation and vomiting
Active liver disease including elevated serum transaminases more than 3 times upper limit of normal. Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min). Patients with myopathy. Patients receiving concomitant ciclosporin. Pregnancy and lactation
Warfarin, vitamin K antagonists, ciclosporin, gemfibrozil, lopinavir/ritonavir, antacids (aluminium and magnesium hydroxide), erythromycin, ketoconazole, spirinolactone, cimetidine, oral contraceptives, digoxin, fenofibrate
Rosuvastatin 20 mg Tablet
Crestor
Pharyngitis, headache, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, nausea, myalgia, asthenia, back pain, flu syndrome, urinary tract infection, rhinitis, sinusitis, altered liver function tests, paraesthesia, abdominal pain, flatulence, constipation and vomiting
Active liver disease including elevated serum transaminases more than 3 times upper limit of normal. Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min). Patients with myopathy. Patients receiving concomitant ciclosporin. Pregnancy and lactation Congenital or acquired cell mediated immune deficiencies (including HIV), children born to HIV positive mothers and pregnancy
Warfarin, vitamin K antagonists, ciclosporin, gemfibrozil, lopinavir/ritonavir, antacids (aluminium and magnesium hydroxide), erythromycin, ketoconazole, spirinolactone, cimetidine, oral contraceptives, digoxin, fenofibrate
Rubella Virus Vaccine (Live Attenuated) Injection
Mild lymph node enlargement and joint manifestations
Immunoglobulin or blood products containing immunoglobulin
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Salbutamol 0.5 % Inhalation Solution Ventolin
Asthma and other conditions associated with reversible airways obstruction
2 ml may be inhaled up to 4 times daily over a period of 3 minutes per inhalation (0.5 ml diluted in 2.5 ml of normal saline by inhalation over 5 to 15 minutes)
Thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, susceptiility to QT-interval prolongation, hypokalaemia, diabetes mellitus, not appropriate for managing premature labour, pregnancy and lactation
Slight tremor (particularly in the hands), nervous tension, headache, peripheral dilatation and palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, disturbances of sleep and behaviour in children, Hypersensitivity to any of their components muscle cramps, hypersensitivity reactions including paradoxical bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, pulmonary oedema, erythema multiforme Haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, tachycardia and palpitations, erythema, ventricular ectopic beats, myocardial ischaemia and infarction have been reported following IV administration. Fine tremor (particularly in the hands), nervous Hypersensitivity, hyperthyroidism or tension, headache, peripheral dilatation and thyrotoxicosis, tachycardia or tachycardiac palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, arrthymias, subvalvular aortic stenosis disturbances of sleep and behaviour in children. Muscle cramps and hypersensitivity reactions including paradoxical bronchospasm, urticaria, and angioedema Slight tremor (particularly in the hands), nervous tension, headache, peripheral dilatation and palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, disturbances of sleep and behaviour in children, Hypersensitivity to any of their components muscle cramps, hypersensitivity reactions including paradoxical bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, pulmonary oedema, erythema multiforme Fine tremor (particularly in the hands), nervous tension, headache, peripheral dilatation and palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, disturbances of sleep and behaviour in children
Antagonism with beta-blockers. Use with caution with additional adrenergic drugs, MAOI inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants increased risk of tachycardia, agitation or hypomania
Salbutamol 0.5 mg/ml Injection
Ventolin
Thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy and lactation. Potential for paradoxical bronchospasm, patients with 500 mcg by SC/IM injection 4 hourly or 250 mcg by cardiovascular disorders, hyperthyroidism, diabetes slow IV. If required, by IV infusion, initially 5 mcg/min mellitus, phaeochromocytoma, patients with history adjusted according to response and heart rate, usually of aneursym and patients who are usually in the range 3 - 20 mcg/min responsive to sympathomimetics amines. Labour and delivery may be complicated
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - increased risk of tachycardia, agitation or hypomania
Salbutamol 100 mcg/dose Inhalation Ventolin, Buventol
Thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy and lactation, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease, ADULT : 100 - 200 mcg up to 3 - 4 times daily. CHILD arrhythmias, susceptiility to QT-interval : 100 mcg increased to 200 mcg if necessary prolongation, hypokalaemia, diabetes mellitus, not appropriate for managing premature labour, pregnancy and lactation
Salbutamol 2 mg Tablet
Ventolin
CHILD 2 - 6 years : 1 - 2 mg 3 - 4 times daily, 6 - 12 years : 2 mg 3 - 4 times daily. CHILD over 12 years and ADULT : 2 - 4 mg 3 - 4 times daily
Thyrotoxicosis
Hypersensitivity to any of their components. Premature labour e.g. placenta praevia, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - increased risk associated with toxaemia of pregnancy or of tachycardia, agitation or hypomania antepartum haemorrhage from whatever cause Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - increased risk of tachycardia, agitation or hypomania
Salbutamol 2 mg/5 ml Syrup
Ventolin
CHILD 2 - 6 years : 1 - 2 mg 3 - 4 times daily, 6 - 12 years : 2 mg 3 -4 times daily
Thyrotoxicosis
Fine tremor (particularly in the hands), nervous tension, headache, peripheral dilatation and Hypersensitivity to any of their components palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, disturbances of sleep and behaviour in children Slight tremor (particularly in the hands), nervous tension, headache, peripheral dilatation and palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, disturbances of sleep and behaviour in children, Hypersensitivity to any of their components muscle cramps, hypersensitivity reactions including paradoxical bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, pulmonary oedema, erythema multiforme Haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, tachycardia and palpitations, erythema, ventricular ectopic beats, myocardial ischaemia and infarction have been reported following IV administration. Hypersensitivity, hyperthyroidism or Fine tremors (particularly in the hands), nervous thyrotoxicosis, tachycardia or tachycardic tension, headache, peripheral dilatation and arrthymias, subvalvular aortic stenosis palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias. Muscle cramps and hypersensitivity reactions including paradoxical bronchospasm, urticaria and angioedema
Salbutamol 200 mcg Inhalation Powder
Thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy and lactation, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease, CHILD : 100 - 200 mcg. Maintenance : 100 - 200 mcg arrhythmias, susceptiility to QT-interval 2 - 4 times daily. ADULT : 100 - 400 mcg. Maitenance prolongation, hypokalaemia, diabetes mellitus, not : 100 - 400 mcg 2 - 4 times daily appropriate for managing premature labour, pregnancy and lactation
Salbutamol 5 mg/5 ml Injection
Ventolin
Prevention of uncomplicated premature labour only
Infusions containing 5 mg in 500ml (10 mcg/ml) at the rate of 10 - 45 mcg/min increased at intervals of 10 minutes until evidence of patient response as shown by reduction of strength, frequency or duration of contractions; maintain rate for 1 hour after contractions have stopped, then gradually reduce by 50% every 6 hours
Potential for paradoxical bronchospasm, patients with cardiovascular disorders, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, phaeochromocytoma, patients with history of aneurysm and patients who are usually responsive to sympathomimetic amines. Labour and delivery may be complicated. Thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy and lactation
Hypertensive crisis and other adverse effects occur frenquently with the concurrent use of indirect-acting sympathomimetics. Concomitant administration of salbutamol and other beta-2 agonists with corticosteroids, diuretics or xanthines increases the risk of toxicity
Salicylazosulphapyridine (Sulfasalazine) 500 mg Tablet
Salazopyrin
i) Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease ii) Rheumatoid arthritis
i) ADULT, acute attack 1-2 g 4 times daily until remission occurs (if necessary corticosteroids may also be given), reducing to a maintenance dose of 500 mg 4 times daily, CHILD over 2 years, acute attack 4060 mg/kg daily, maintenance dose 20-30 mg/kg daily ii) ADULT, initially; 0.5-1 g/day, increase weekly to maintenance dose of 2 g/day in 2 divided doses, maximun 3 g/day. CHILD over 6 years, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: 30-50 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses up to a maximum of 2 g/day Apply to affected areas Apply sparingly to the affected area 2-3 times daily Apply sparingly to the affected area 2-3 times daily Apply sparingly to the affected area 2-3 times daily. Wash with cleanser 2 - 3 times per day Apply sparingly to the affected area 2-3 times daily. Wash with cleanser 2-3 times per day
Nausea, anorexia, fever, blood disorders (megaloblastic anaemia), hypersensitivity Hepatic or renal impairment, G6PD deficiency, risk reactions (including exfoliative dermatitis, of haematological and hepatic toxicity (differential epidermal necrolysis, pruritus, white cell, red cell and platelet counts initially and at photosensitisation, anaphylaxis, serum Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides and monthly intervals for first 3 months, liver function sickness, ocular complications (including salicylates, acute intermittent porphyria and tests at monthly intervals for first 3 months), kidney periorbital oedema), stomatitis, parotitis, ataxia, children less than 2 years function tests at regular intervals, upper gastroaseptic meningitis, vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia, intestinal side-effects common over 4 g daily, depression, hallucinations, kidney reactions porphyria (including proteinuria, crystalluria, haematuria), oligospermia, urine may be coloured orange, bone marrow depression, peripheral neuropathy Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes Local irritation Local irritation Local irritation Local irritation Local irritation Hypersensitivity, use in children less than 2 years, diabetes with impaired circulation Hypersensitivity to salicylic acid. Age less than 2 years, diabetes with impaired circulation Hypersensitivity to salicylic acid. Age less than 2 years, diabetes with impaired circulation Hypersensitivity to salicylic acid. Age less than 2 years, diabetes, impaired circulation Hypersensitivity to salicylic acid. Age less than 2 years, diabetes, impaired circulation
Reduced absorption of folate, digoxin, antibacterial
Salicylic Acid 1 - 2% in Hydrocortisone 1% Ointment Salicylic Acid 2 - 10% Cream Salicylic Acid 2 - 10% Ointment Salicylic Acid 2 % Lotion Salicylic Acid 20% Ointment
Seborrhoeic capitis Seborrhoeic dermatitis, scalp psoriasis and hyperkeratotic skin conditions Seborrhoeic dermatitis, scalp, psoriasis and hyperkeratotic skin disorders Seborrhoeic dermatitis, scalp, psoriasis and hyperkeratotic skin conditions Plantar warts
Not known Not known Not known Not known Not known
Generic Name
Salicylic Acid, Lactic Acid and Oxypolyethoxydodicane Solution Salicylic Acid, Starch, Zinc Oxide Paste
Trade Name
Collomack Lassar's
Indications
Hardened skin, corns, collosities and warts Use as a protective or base
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Local irritation Local irritation Hoarseness and dystonia, throat irritation, headache, oropharyngeal candidiasis and palpitations, tremor, cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity use in children less than 2 years, diabetes impaired circulation Hypersensitivity to any component
Interactions
Concurrent use with varicella vaccine may result in an enhanced risk of developing Reye's syndrome Not known
One drop to be applied to the affected area twice daily Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes Apply the paste liberally and carefully to the lesions twice daily Contact with the eyes, mouth and other mucous membranes should be avoided Not for acute unstable or acutely deteriorating asthma. Active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis. When transferring from ADULT and CHILD more than 12 years : 1 - 2 puff systemic to inhaled steroid therapy, monitor twice daily. CHILD over 4 years : 1 puff twice daily adrenocortical function regularly and withdraw systemic corticosteroid therapy gradually. Pregnancy and lactation Not for acute unstable or acutely deteriorating asthma. Active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis. When transferring from ADULT and CHILD more than 12 years : 1 - 2 puff systemic to inhaled steroid therapy, monitor twice daily. CHILD over 4 years : 1 puff twice daily adrenocortical function regularly and withdraw systemic corticosteroid therapy gradually. Pregnancy and lactation Not for acute unstable or acutely deteriorating asthma. Active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis. When transferring from i) ADULT and CHILD more than 12 years : 1 puff twice systemic to inhaled steroid therapy, monitor daily ii) ADULT 1 puff twice daily adrenocortical function regularly and withdraw systemic corticosteroid therapy gradually. Pregnancy and lactation Monitor blood pressure especially with rapid infusion, hepatic dysfunction, may contain infectious agents (hepatitis C) History of peptic ulcer, pregnancy and lactation, elderly, concurrent use of tricyclic antidepressants, uncontrolled hypertension. Suicidal ideation and behavior or worsening depression, increased risk during the first few months of therapy or following changes in dosage (particularly in children, adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder)
Salmeterol 25 mcg and Fluticasone Propionate 125 mcg Inhalation
Seretide
Regular treatment of reversible obstructive airways diseases including asthma
Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of Beta-blockers, strong CYP3A4 inhibitors e.g. salmeterol, fluticasone or any component of the ketoconazole, ritonavir product
Seretide
Regular treatment of reversible obstructive airways diseases including asthma
Hoarseness and dystonia, throat irritation, headache, oropharyngeal candidiasis and palpitations, tremor, cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia)
Seretide
i) Regular treatment of reversible obstructive airways diseases including asthma ii) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Hoarseness and dystonia, throat irritation, headache, oropharyngeal candidiasis and palpitations, tremor, cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia)
Selected Plasma Protein 5 g/100 ml Injection
Plasmanate
For treatment of shock due to burns, crushing injuries, abdominal emergencies and where there is a predominant loss of plasma fluids and red blood cells, ADULT 12.5-25 g (250-500 ml) by IV. CHILD usual emergency treatment of shock due to haemorrhage dose 33 ml/kg body weight at rate of 5-10 ml/min and in infants and small children in the initial therapy of shock due to dehydration and infection
Hypotension, flushing, urticaria, back pain, headache, nausea
Cardiopulmonary bypass, chronic heart failure, Not mixed with protein hydrolysates, solution increased blood volume, severe anaemia with alcohol
Selegiline HCl 5 mg Tablet
Jumex
Only for treatment of late stage Parkinsonism with on 5 mg twice daily at breakfast and lunch. Maximum 10 and off phenomenon mg/day
Hypotension, nausea, confusion, agitation, hallucination, dyskinesia, sleep disturbances, psychosis, constipation, dry mouth, headache, tremor, dizziness
Extrapyramidal symptoms not related to dopamine deficiency, thyrotoxicosis, narrow angle glaucoma agitated psychosis, hypersensitivity to selegiline products. Pregnancy
Hyperpyrexia and central nervous system toxicity with pethidine. Hypertension and central nervous system excitation with fluoxetine and sertraline. Hypotension with MAOIs. Carbamazepine, amitriptyline, amphetamine
Selenium Sulphide 2.5% Shampoo
Selsun
Dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis of scalp
Sertraline HCI 50 mg Tablet
Zoloft
Major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder
Dandruff: apply 5-10 mL topically twice weekly for 2 weeks, then 1-4 times per month, as needed, leave on Avoid contact with eyes, mucous membranes, Oiliness or dryness of hair and scalp, hair for 2-3 min, then rinse thoroughly. Seborrheic inflamed or broken skin or to extensive areas of the discoloration, cutaneous sensitization and dermatitis of scalp: apply 5-10 mL topically twice skin alopecia weekly for 2 weeks, then 1-4 times per month, as needed, leave on for 2-3 min, then rinse thoroughly Male sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal complain, tremor, dizziness, insomnia, Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder: 50 Concomitant use with tryptophan and fenfluramine, headache, dry mouth, somnolence, ejaculatory mg/day. Panic disorder: Initially 25 mg/day. After 1 impaired hepatic function, electroconvulsive dysfunction, dyspepsia, decreased libido, week, increase dose to 50 mg/day. All dose changes therapy, abnormal bleeding, avoid abrupt sweating, anorexia, agitation, visual should be made at intervals of more than 1 week, discontinuation, hyponatraemia, history of seizures, disturbances, serotonin syndrome, withdrawal max: 200 mg/day MAO inhibitors, uricosuric effect syndrome, rash, pharyngitis, purpura, agranulocytosis, elevated liver enzyme, antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal
Acute inflammation or exudation, broken skin, hypersensitivity to drug
Not known
Concurrent use or recent use of MAOIs, hypersensitivity to sertraline products
MAO inhibitors, serotonergic drugs, caffeine/ergotamine, cimetidine, lithium, metoprolol, phenytoin, propranolol, warfarin, alcohol, central nervous system depressants, carbamezepine, clozapine, cyclosporine, NSAIDs, aspirin, erythromycin, metoclopramide, tramadol, St. John's wort, tolbutamide, tricyclic antidepressants, zolpidem
Sevoflurane Liquid
Sevorane
Avoid the use of flow rates of less than 2 litres/minute with soda lime in patients with renal disease. Raised intracranial pressure, cardiac, To be used only for i) induction and ii) maintenance of i) Up to 8% in oxygen or nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture respiratory, renal or hepatic impairment, elderly or anaesthesia ii) maintenance: 1 - 3% obese patients. Maintenance of haemodynamic stability is important in patients with coronary artery disease. Concomitant use with adrenaline or other sympathomimetics. Pregnancy and lactation Use as antiseptic Prevention and treatment of infections in severe burns, leg ulcers where infections may prevent healing and for the prophylaxis of infections in skin grafting Apply undiluted to affected area for a limited period Burning and skin irritation, staining of the skin Those allergic to sulfonamides may show crosssensitivity to silver sulfadiazine. Haemolysis may occur with glucose-6-phosphate deficiency. Accumulation may occur in renal or hepatic insufficiency Heavy alcohol use, history of liver disease. Discontinue therapy if serum transaminase levels rise to 3 times upper limit of normal and are persistent. May cause myopathy and renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant administration of fibrates, nicotinic acid, immunosuppressives including ciclosporin, macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin), itraconazole and ketoconazole or nefazodone may increase the risk of myopathy
Cardiorespiratory depression, hypotension, malignant hyperthermia, agitation, laryngospasm, increased cough, salivation, Hypersensitivity to sevoflurane/halogenated acute renal failure, shivering, nausea, vomiting, anaesthetics, malignant hyperthermia rarely dystonic movements in children, postoperative hepatitis and seizure-like activity Chronic application to conjunctiva, mucous surfaces or open wounds lead to argyria Transient leucopenia has occurred with topical silver, haemolytic anaemia, probable febrile reaction, irritation, itching and burning at the application site, argyria, hyperpigmentation Hypersensitivity to silver nitrate or any component
Isoniazid, nitrous oxide, thiopental, midazolam, phenobarbital, primidone, rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium, succinylcholine, tubocurarine, verapamil. Potentiates action of non-depolarising muscle relaxants Can react with alkali released from soda glass bottle
Silver Nitrate 0.5% Lotion
Silver Sulfadiazine 1% Cream
Flamazine
Burns: Apply 3 mm thick layer twice daily with sterile applicator. Leg ulcer: apply at least 3 times a week
Hypersensitivity to silver or to silver Concomitant cimetidine therapy may increase sulphadiazine. Pregnant women at or near term the likelihood of causing leucopenia in silver (increased kernicterus). Preterm infants or sulfadiazine-treated burn patients newborns during first two months
Simvastatin 10 mg Tablet
Zocor
Abdominal pain, flatulence, constipation, asthenia and headache, rarely hepatitis, hypersensitivity syndrome, upper respiratory infection
May cause slight elevation of serum digoxin. Hypersensitivity to simvastatin products, active Cholestyramine and colestipol increase liver disease, pregnancy and lactation bioavailability of simvastatin. Increased concentrations with mibefradil
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Heavy alcohol use, history of liver disease. Discontinue therapy if serum transaminase levels rise to 3 times upper limit of normal and are persistent. May cause myopathy and renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant administration of fibrates, nicotinic acid, immunosuppressives including ciclosporin, macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin), itraconazole and ketoconazole or nefazodone may increase the risk of myopathy Heavy alcohol use, history of liver disease. Discontinue therapy if serum transaminase levels rise to 3 times upper limit of normal and are persistent. May cause myopathy and renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. Concomitant administration of fibrates, nicotinic acid, immunosuppressives including ciclosporin, macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin), itraconazole and ketoconazole or nefazodone may increase the risk of myopathy Should not be used in patient with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, pregnancy, lactation. Dosage adjustments are needed in patients with moderate or severe renal function impairment
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Zocor
Zocor
Sitagliptin 100 mg Tablet
Januvia
Management of diabetes in patients with renal failure where metformin is contraindicated and elderly with multiple co morbidities that always experience hypoglycemia with other antidiabetic.. Not to be used in diabetic patient whose sugar control, HBA1c is more than 9% Management of diabetes in patients with renal failure where metformin is contraindicated and elderly with multiple co-morbidities that always experience hypoglycemia with other antidiabetic.. Not to be used in diabetic patient whose sugar control, HBA1c is more than 9% Management of diabetes in patients with renal failure where metformin is contraindicated and elderly with multiple co morbidities that always experience hypoglycemia with other antidiabetic.. Not to be used in diabetic patient whose sugar control, HBA1c is more than 9%
ADULT over 18 years, 100 mg once daily. Dosage in renal failure: 50 mg once daily if creatinine clearance equal or more than 30 to equal or less than 50 mL/min. 25 mg orally once if creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min or with end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis, may be administered without regard to the timing of hemodialysis ADULT over 18 years, 100 mg once daily. Dosage in renal failure: 50 mg once daily if creatinine clearance equal or more than 30 to equal or less than 50 mL/min. 25 mg orally once if creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min or with end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis, may be administered without regard to the timing of hemodialysis ADULT over 18 years, 100 mg once daily. Dosage in renal failure: 50 mg once daily if CrCl equal or more than 30 to equal or less than 50 mL/min. 25 mg orally once if CrCl less than 30 mL/min or with ESRD requiring hemodialysis, may be administered without regard to the timing of hemodialysis
Gastrointestinal disturbances, peripheral oedema, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, pain, osteoarthritis, less commonly anorexia, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, hypoglycaemia, osteoarthritis
Ciclosporine: Sitagliptin mean peak plasma concentrations may be increased modestly Ketoacidosis; pregnancy; breast-feeding; (approximately 68%), which is not expected to History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to be clinically important. Digoxin: Digoxin mean Sitagliptin, such as anaphylaxis or angioedema peak plasma levels may be increased slightly (approximately 18%); no dosage adjustment is recommended. Ketoconazole Ciclosporine: Sitagliptin mean peak plasma concentrations may be increased modestly Ketoacidosis, pregnancy, breast-feeding. (approximately 68%), which is not expected to History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to be clinically important. Digoxin: Digoxin mean Sitagliptin, such as anaphylaxis or angioedema peak plasma levels may be increased slightly (approximately 18%); no dosage adjustment is recommended. Ketoconazole Ciclosporine: Sitagliptin mean peak plasma concentrations may be increased modestly Ketoacidosis, pregnancy, breast-feeding. (approximately 68%), which is not expected to History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to be clinically important. Digoxin: Digoxin mean Sitagliptin, such as anaphylaxis or angioedema peak plasma levels may be increased slightly (approximately 18%); no dosage adjustment is recommended. Ketoconazole
Januvia
Should not be used in patient with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, pregnancy, lactation. Dosage adjustments are needed in patients with moderate or severe renal function impairment
Gastrointestinal disturbances, peripheral oedema, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, pain, osteoarthritis, less commonly anorexia, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, hypoglycaemia, osteoarthritis
Januvia
Should not be used in patient with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, pregnancy, lactation. Dosage adjustments are needed in patients with moderate or severe renal function impairment
Gastrointestinal disturbances, peripheral oedema, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, pain, osteoarthritis, less commonly anorexia, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, hypoglycaemia, osteoarthritis Nausea, vomiting, angioneurotic, oedema and hyperthyroidism. When given by injection may cause nausea, metallic taste, vomiting, flushing and sensations of heat, weakness, dizziness, headache, coughing, rhinitis, sweating, sneezing, lachrymation, visual disturbances, pruritus, salivary gland enlargement, pallor, tachycardia, bradycardia, transient ECG abnormalities, haemodynamic disturbances and hypotension, convulsions, paralysis, coma, rigors, ventricular fibrillation, pulmonary oedema, circulatory failure, cardiac arrest and anaphylactoid or hypersensitivity reactions. Injection of diatrizoates into the central nervous system produces severe neurotoxicity. Acute renal failure may follow intravenous administration, particularly in dehydrated patients and patients with other predisposing factors. Pain at the injection site, extravasation may be followed by tissue damage, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, venospasm and embolism. Fibrinolysis and possible depressant effect on blood coagulation factors. The accidental aspiration of solutions of these salts has caused fatal pulmonary oedema
Sodium and Meglumine Diatrizoate 58-60% Injection
Urovison
For IV pyelography
Asthma or a history of allergy, hypersensitivity to contrast media or to iodine severe hepatic or renal impairment or others who may be at increased risk of renal failure, dehydrated patients should have their fluid and electrolyte balance corrected before contrast medium administration, administration into subarachnoid space, brain metastases, congestive Depend on the type of procedure and the degree and heart failure, debilitated, diabetes with diabetic extent of contrast required neuropathy, elderly patients, hepatic or biliary disorder, hypertension, infants, convulsions, cerebral effects, acidosis and arrhythmias, multiple myeloma, pheochromocytoma, pulmonary vascular beds, right ventricular failure, sensitivity to iodine or other contrast agent, sickle cell disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage
Anuria, coagulation defects, hypersensitivity to diatrizoate, joint or disc infection (arthrography/discography), intrathecal procedures, splenoportography
Diltiazem, metformin, propranolol
Sodium Bicarbonate 1 g/15 ml Mixture
i) Relief of discomfort in mild urinary tract ii) Alkalinisation of urine
i) 3 g in every 2 hours until urinary pH exceeds 7 ii) Maintenance of alkaline urine 5-10 g daily
Excessive bicarbonate may lead to hypovolaemia and metabolic alkalosis in impaired renal function. History of congestive heart failure, history of renal Gastrointestinal cramps, flatulence, belching, alkalosis on prolong use impairment, cirrhosis, hypertension, concurrent corticosteroids, maintain high urine output, monitor acid-base balance and electrolytes Gastrointestinal cramps, flatulence, alkalosis
Alkalosis, hypernatremia, hypocalcaemia, hypochloraemia, severe pulmonary oedema, unknown abdominal pain Alkalosis, hypernatraemia, hypocalcaemia, hypochloraemia, severe pulmonary oedema, unknown abdominal pain Not known Alkalosis, hypernatraemia, hypocalcaemia, hypochloraemia, severe pulmonary oedema, unknown abdominal pain
Major: sodium polystyrene sulfonate (systemic alkalosis). Minor: amphetamine, aspirin, chlorpropamide, dextroamphetamine, ephedrine, flecainide, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lithium, pseudoephedrine Amphetamine, aspirin, chlorpropamide, dextroamphetamine, ephedrine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lithium, pseudoephedrine, flecainide Not known Amphetamine, aspirin, chlorpropamide, dextroamphetamine, ephedrine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lithium, pseudoephedrine, flecainide
Sodium Bicarbonate 4.2% (0.5 mmol/ml) Injection Sodium Bicarbonate 5% w/v Ear Drops Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4% (1 mmol/ml) Injection
For acceleration of excretion in drug intoxication (where excretion of the drug into the urine is accelerated by elevated urine pH) and for acidosis To soften the impacted ear wax For acceleration of excretion in drug intoxication (where excretion of the drug into the urine is accelerated by elevated urine pH) and for acidosis
IV infusion of 2 - 5 mmol/kg body weight over a period Renal impairment, peptic ulcer, congestive heart of 4 - 8 hours or according to the needs of the patients failure, oedema, cirrhosis 2-3 drops 3-4 times daily Not known
Contact dermatitis to sodium bicarbonate
According to the needs of the patient. In severe shock Renal impairment, peptic ulcer, congestive heart due to cardiac arrest: 50 ml by IV failure, oedema, cirrhosis
Gastrointestinal cramps, flatulence, alkalosis
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Major: sodium polystyrene sulfonate (systemic alkalosis). Minor: amphetamine, aspirin, chlorpropamide, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lithium, pseudoephedrine
Sodium Bicarbonate Mixture (Paediatric)
Mist Carminative Paed
Heartburn for rapid relief of dyspepsia
Sodium Bicarbonate, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate and Tartaric Acid - 4 g per sachet Sodium Bicarbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Tincture Cardamom Compound Mixture
Ural
For relieving of discomfort in mild urinary tract infection, symptomatic relief of dysuria to enchance the action to certain antibiotics especially some sulphonamides. In gout as urinary alkalinizers to prevent cystallisation of urates Heartburn, for rapid relief of dyspepsia
Excessive bicarbonate may lead to hypovolaemia and metabolic alkalosis in impaired renal function. CHILD up to 1 year 5 ml; up to 1-5 years 10 ml in 4 to History of congestive heart failure, history of renal Gastrointestinal cramps, flatulence, belching, 6 divided doses alkalosis on prolong use impairment, cirrhosis, hypertension, concurrent corticosteroids, maintain high urine output, monitor acid-base balance and electrolyte 4 - 8 g (1- 2 sachets) dissolved in a glass of cold water Patients on sodium restricted diet 4 times daily as prescribed Mild laxative effect, systemic alkalosis or hyperthermia with prolonged or excessive usage Gastrointestinal cramps, flatulence, belching, alkalosis on prolong use
Alkalosis, hypocalcaemia, hypochloraemia
Renal failure or hyperthermia
Not known Tetracyclines, ketoconazole, itraconazole, dipyridamole, quinolones, captopril, lithium and aspirin Diuretics and drugs affect serum electroytes may induce hyperphosphataemia, hypocalaemia and hypernatraemia
Carminative
ADULT 10-20 ml 3 times daily
Renal impairment
Hypersensitivity to antacids, hypophosphataemia Gastrointestinal obstruction, gastric retention, gastro-intestinal ulceration, perforated bowel, congestive cardiac failure, toxic colitis, toxic megacolon or ileus
Sodium Biphosphate 16% & Sodium Fleet enema Phosphate 6% Enema
Pregnancy, severe renal impairment, heart disease Bowel cleansing before colonic surgery, colonoscopy (chronic cardiac failure, hypertension and oedema), or radiological examination to ensure the bowel is free ADULT 133 ml (1 bottle) administered rectally. CHILD ulcerative colitis (IBS) reflux oesophagitis, Local irritation and tenesmus of solid contents. It is not to be used for treatment of more than 2 years half the adult dose preexisting electrolyte disturbances (low serum constipation calcium concentration, hyperkalaemia) 45 ml diluted with half a glass (120 mL) of water, followed by one full glass (240 mL) of water. Timing of doses is dependent on the time of the procedure. For morning procedure, first dose should be taken at 7 Bowel cleansing before colonic surgery, colonoscopy a.m. and second at 7 p.m. on day before the or radiological examination to ensure the bowel is free procedure. For afternoon procedure, first dose should of solid contents. It is not to be used for treatment of be taken at 7 p.m. on day before and second dose at constipation 7 a.m. on day of the procedure. Solid food should not be taken during the bowel preparation period. However clear fluids or water can be taken liberally. CHILD under 12 years not recommended
Sodium Biphosphate 16%, Sodium Phosphate 6% Solution
Fleet solution
Pregnancy, severe renal impairment, heart disease (chronic cardiac failure, hypertension and oedema), Nausea, bloating, less frequently abdominal ulcerative colitis (IBS) reflux oesophagitis, cramps and vomiting preexisting electrolyte disturbances (low serum calcium concentration, hyperkalaemia)
Gastrointestinal obstruction, gastric retention, gastrointestinal ulceration, perforated bowel, congestive cardiac failure, toxic colitis, toxic megacolon or ileus
Salts of magnesium, aluminium and calcium will bind with phosphate and reduce the absorption. Vitamin D will increase absorption of phosphate with diuretics and drugs affect serum electroytes may induce hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia and hypernatraemia
Sodium Chloride 0.18% with Dextrose 10% Injection
For replenishing fluid and energy and for restoring or maintaining the concentration of sodium and chloride According to the needs of the patient ions
Restrict intake in impaired renal function, cardiac failure, hypertension, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, may accentuate neurologic damage for an hypokalaemia, sodium accumulation and ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for cerebral oedema ischaemia, acute stroke, impending cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Restrict intake in impaired renal function, cardiac failure, hypertension, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, may accentuate neurologic damage for an hypokalaemia, sodium accumulation and ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for cerebral oedema ischaemia, acute stroke, impending cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, congestive heart failure, hypertension, tachycardia, fluid accumulation, irritability, restlessness, weakness, headache, dizziness, obtundation and convulsions
Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium chloride solutions with preservatives in newborns, for injection or flushing of intravenous lines or mixing medications, hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks
Not known
Sodium Chloride 0.18% with Dextrose 4.23% Injection
Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium chloride solutions with preservatives in newborns, for injection or flushing of intravenous lines or mixing medications, hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium chloride solutions with preservatives in newborns, for injection or flushing of intravenous lines or mixing medications, hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium chloride solutions with preservatives in newborns, for injection or flushing of intravenous lines or mixing medications, hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks
Not known
Sodium Chloride 0.45% Injection
For replenishing fluid and for restoring / maintaining the concentration of sodium and chloride ions
100 - 1000 ml by IV or according to the needs of the patient
Restrict intake in impaired renal function, cardiac failure, hypertension, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy
Not known
Restrict intake in impaired renal function, cardiac failure, hypertension, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, may accentuate neurologic damage for an hypokalaemia, sodium accumulation and ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for cerebral oedema ischaemia, acute stroke, impending cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Restrict intake in impaired renal function, cardiac failure, hypertension, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, may accentuate neurologic damage for an hypokalaemia, sodium accumulation and ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for cerebral oedema ischaemia, acute stroke, impending cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Not known Can cause temporary burning and irritation
Not known
Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium chloride solutions with preservatives in newborns, for injection or flushing of intravenous lines or mixing medications, hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks Hypersensitivity
Not known
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Eye Drops
Irrigation of conjunctival sac
1 - 2 drops every 3 - 4 hours
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection
For replenishing fluid and for restoring/maintaining the 100 - 1000 ml by IV or according to the needs of the concentration of sodium and chloride ions patient
Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium cramps, congestive heart failure, hypertension, chloride solutions with preservatives in tachycardia, fluid accumulation, irritability, newborns, for injection or flushing of restlessness, weakness, headache, dizziness, intravenous lines or mixing medications, obtundation and convulsions hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium chloride solutions with preservatives in newborns, for injection or flushing of intravenous lines or mixing medications, hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks
Not known
Restrict intake in impaired renal function, cardiac failure, hypertension, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycaemia Thrombophlebitis, rebound hypoglycaemia, may accentuate neurologic damage for an hypokalaemia, sodium accumulation and ischaemic insult. Patients at risk for cerebral oedema ischaemia, acute stroke, impending cardiac arrest or severe hypotension unless hypoglycaemia is suggested or until glucose is determined Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, congestive heart failure, hypertension, tachycardia, fluid accumulation, irritability, restlessness, weakness, headache, dizziness, obtundation, convulsions
Not known
Sodium Chloride 20% Injection
Addition of sodium electrolyte in parenteral nutrition bags especially in paediatrics or neonates with restricted fluid allowance
Sodium Chloride 3% Injection
Acute dilutional hyponatraemia
Sodium Chromate (Chromium-51) Solution Sodium Citrate 0.3 M Solution
Labelling of erythrocytes for the investigation of haemotological disorders
Usual dose range : 10 - 200 microcuries IV by IV injection Dose depending on clinical cases. Usually, 30 ml Prophylaxis for aspiration pneumonitis (use as an oral given 10- 60 minutes before anaesthesia prior to solution) elective cesarean surgery is an effective antacid Sterile solution for irrigation or washout of infected bladder Dose depending on clinical cases
Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium chloride solutions with preservatives in newborns, for injection or flushing of intravenous lines or mixing medications, hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks Hypernatraemia or fluid retention, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal hypersensitivity (ophthalmic products), sodium cramps, congestive heart failure, hypertension, chloride solutions with preservatives in tachycardia, fluid accumulation, irritability, newborns, for injection or flushing of restlessness, weakness, headache, dizziness, intravenous lines or mixing medications, obtundation, convulsion hypertonic saline abortifacient in pregnancies less than 15 weeks Not known Pregnancy and lactation
During therapy with corticosteroids or ACTH there may be an increased retention of sodium and chloride. Decreased levels of lithium
During therapy with corticosteroids or ACTH there may be an increased retention of sodium and chloride. Decreased levels of lithium
Not known Renal tubular acidosis, chronic diarrhoea syndromes, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, hypertension, toxaemia of pregnancy Renal tubular acidosis, chronic diarrhoea syndromes, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy
Not known Quinidine, antacids especially those containing aluminium or sodium bicarbonate Quinidine, antacids, especially those containing aluminium or sodium bicarbonate Concurrent administration of potassium citrate with potassiumcontaining medications, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or cardiac glycosides, concurrent administration with aluminum-based gels, blood products containing citrate Not known Acids, alkalis and reducing agents. Solid reacts with nitrogen compounds including ammonia and urea. For solid avoid contact with combustible organic materials such as paper, wood and textiles Acids, alkalis and reducing agents. Solid reacts with nitrogen compounds including ammonia and urea. For solid avoid contact with combustible organic materials such as paper, wood and textiles
Metabolic alkalosis, hypernatraemia, diarrhoea Aluminium toxicity and heart failure Metabolic alkalosis, hypernatremia and diarrhoea
Sodium Citrate 3.8% Solution
Aluminium toxicity and heart failure Severe renal impairment with oliguria, azotemia or anuria, Addison's disease, acute dehydration, heat cramps, severe myocardial damage. Potassium citrate in patients with hyperkalaemia. Sodium citrate for patients on sodium restriction
Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid Mixture 3 Mist Sod Citrate g/10 ml
Citrates and citric acid solutions are used to correct the acidosis of certain renal tubular disorders to treat metabolic acidosis for long-term urine alkalinization for ADULT 10 - 20 ml. CHILD up to 1 year 2.5 ml; 6-12 years 10 ml. To be taken well diluted with water prevention and treatment of uric acid and calcium kidney stones and as nonparticulate neutralizing buffers Prevention and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis including seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis 1 or 2 drops 4 times daily and vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Congestive heart failure, hypertension, pulmonary or peripheral oedema, toxaemia of pregnancy, Hyperkalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, nausea, monitor serum electrolytes, especially bicarbonate vomiting, diarrhoea in patients with renal disease, decreased urinary output, especially in the presence of hypocalcaemia
Sodium Cromoglycate 2% Eye Drops Opticrom
Transient stinging and burning may occur after Patients with known hypersensitivity to sodium Pregnancy, lactation, children up to 4 years of age, instillation and other symptoms of local irritation, cromoglycate or any other ingredient of the elderly itching, redness and severe swelling of the eyes products Irritation on eyes, dermatitis, lung damage, skin Avoid contact between solid and acid, burns, ulceration, itching ammonia, urea and reducing agents
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate 2.5 g Tablet
Presept
Low and medium level disinfectant
50 - 10,000 ppm av chlorine
Avoid contact with skin and eyes
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate 5 g Tablet
Presept
Low and medium level disinfectant
50 - 10,000 ppm av chlorine
Avoid contact with skin and eyes
Irritation on eyes, dermatitis, lung damage, skin Avoid contact between solid and acid, burns, ulceration, itching ammonia, urea and reducing agents
Sodium Fusidate 2% Ointment
Fucidin
Skin infections caused by staphylococci, streptococci, Apply to affected area 2 - 3 times daily corynebacterium minutissumun and other sodium fusidate-sensitive organisms Low-level disinfectant and antiseptic Antiseptic: less than 0.5%. Disinfectant: 5%
Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes For external use only, avoid eye or mucous membrane contact, do not use on open wounds There may be severe and potentially dangerous swelling of thyroid in patient with large goitres and has produced asphyxiation. Not recommended for hyperthyroidism treatment in patients under 30 years, prior use of iodine, thyroid or anti-thyroid drugs, radiopharmaceutical, handle with care There may be severe and potentially dangerous swelling of thyroid in patient with large goitres and has produced asphyxiation. Not recommended for hyperthyroidism treatment in patients under 30 years, prior use of iodine, thyroid or anti-thyroid drugs, radiopharmaceutical, handle with care There may be severe and potentially dangerous swelling of thyroid in patient with large goitres and has produced asphyxiation. Not recommended for hyperthyroidism treatment in patients under 30 years, prior use of iodine, thyroid or anti-thyroid drugs, radiopharmaceutical. To be handle with care
Rash, irritation, pruritus, contact dermatitis
Infection caused by non-susceptable organism Not known in particular pseudomonas aeruginosa Not known
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Milton, Clorox
Dissolves blood clots, delays clotting. Higher Hypersensitivity to any component of the concentration-corrosive to the eye, the skin and formulation respiratory tract Hypothyroid, hypoparathyroid, thyroiditis, Pregnancy or who may become pregnant, leukaemia, thyroid cancer, sialoadenitis, thyroid lactation, large toxic nodular goitres, severe storm, gastritis, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow thyrotoxic heart disease, vomiting, diarrhoea suppression Hypothyroid, hypoparathyroid, thyroiditis, Pregnancy or who may become pregnant, leukaemia, thyroid cancer, sialoadenitis, thyroid lactation, large toxic nodular goitres, severe storm, gastritis, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow thyrotoxic heart disease, vomiting, diarrhoea suppression
Sodium Iodide (Iodide-131) Injection (Diagnostic)
Used in the determination of various thyroid functions 5 - 50 millicuries
Antihistamines
Sodium Iodide (Iodine-131) Capsule (Diagnostic)
Determination of various thyroid functions
5 - 10 milicuries (5 mCi for whole body scan)
Antihistamines
Sodium Iodide (Iodine-131) Capsule (Therapeutic)
i) Thyrotoxicosis ii) Thyroid carcinoma
i) 2 - 30 millicuries ii) 80 - 300 millicuries
Hypothyroid, hypoparathyroid, thyroiditis, Pregnancy or who may become pregnant, leukaemia, thyroid cancer, sialoadenitis, thyroid lactation, large toxic nodular goitres, severe storm, gastritis, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow thyrotoxic heart disease, vomiting, diarrhoea suppression
Antihistamines
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
There may be severe and potentially dangerous swelling of thyroid in patient with large goitres and has produced asphyxiation. Not recommended for hyperthyroidism treatment in patients under 30 years, prior use of iodine, thyroid or anti-thyroid drugs, radiopharmaceutical, handle with care Metabolic or respiratory alkalosis, congestive heart failure, other sodium-retaining conditions, concurrent corticosteroids, conditions impairing lactate utilisation (severe hepatic insufficiency, shock, beriberi, hypoxia) and during prolonged therapy
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Sodium Iodide (Iodine-131) Solution
i) Thyrotoxicosis ii) Thyroid carcinoma
i) 5-25 millicuries ii) 30-150 millicuries
Hypothyroid, hypoparathyroid, thyroiditis, Pregnancy or who may become pregnant, leukaemia, thyroid cancer, sialoadenitis, thyroid lactation, large toxic nodular goitres, severe storm, gastritis, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow thyrotoxic heart disease, vomiting, diarrhoea suppression
Antihistamines
Sodium Lactate Compound (Hartmanns Solution/Ringer-lactate]
Replacement of extracellular losses of fluid and electrolytes, as an alkaliniser agent
100-1000 ml by IV or according to the needs of the patient
Anxiety, panic attacks, apprehension or fear, paraesthesias, tremors, dizziness, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalaemia
Lactic acidosis, severe acidosis, hypernatraemia and conditions where sodium administration would be detrimental
Not known
Sodium Nitrite 30 mg/ml Injection
For cyanide poisoning
300 mg IV over 3 minutes followed after 5 minutes with 50 ml sodium thiosulphate 50% injection administered over 10 minutes. CHILD: 4.5 - 10 mg/kg Not known followed by 1.65 ml/kg of 25% sodium thiosulphate injection Excessive hypotension, acute heart failure associated with reduced peripheral vascular resistance. Cyanide toxicity, methaemoglobinemia, NADH-methaemoglobin reductase deficiency, druginduced (phenacetin, nitrites, nitrates, sulfonamides, dapsone, chlorates, chloroquine, primaquine and phenazopyridine). Pre-existing anaemia and or hypovolaemia
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, flushing, cyanosis, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, vasodilatation resulting in syncope, Not known hypotension and tachycardia. Overdosage may result in cardiovascular collapse, coma, convulsions and death Tachycardia, postural hypotension, nausea, retching, diaphoresis, apprehension, headache, restlessness, muscle twitching, retrosternal Hypersensitivity to nitroprusside, head trauma, discomfort, palpitation, perspiration, dizziness, symptomatic hypotension, encephalopathy drowsiness, paraesthesial warmth, abdominal pain. Irritation and reddening at injection site Pregnancy and lactation, sequential therapy with a chemotherapeutic agent, treatment of bone metastases when leukocyte count is less than 5,000/mm and platelet count is less than 100,000/mm, treatment of chronic myelocytic leukaemia when leukocyte count is less than 20,000/mm, treatment of polycythemia vera when leukocyte count is less than 5,000/mm or platelet count is less than 15,000/mm In patients with plasma potassium levels below 5 mmol/litre, history of hypersensitivity to polystyrene sulphonate resins, obstructive bowel disease. Resonium A should not be administered orally to neonates and is contraindicated in neonates with reduced gut motility (post-operatively or drug-induced) Large or inaccessible varicose veins, febrile illness, phlebitis Large or inaccessible varicose veins, febrile illness, phlebitis
Not known
Sodium Nitroprusside 50 mg/5 ml Injection
Nipride
i) By IV infusion, initially 0.5-1.5 mcg/kg/min, then adjusted before increasement of 0.5 mcg/kg/min every i) Hypertensive crisis ii) Controlled hypotension during 5 mins within range 0.5-8 mcg/kg/min (lower doses in anaesthesia in order to reduce bleeding in surgical patients already receiving other antihypertensives); procedures stop if marked response not obtained with max dose in 10 minutes. Use only in infusion with 5 % Dextrose IV. ii) By IV infusion, max: 1.5 mcg/kg/min
Hypotensive effect potentiated by ganglion blockers, other antihypertensive agents, volatile liquid anaesthetics and other circulatory depressants
Sodium Phosphate (Phosphorus-32) Injection
Polycythemia vera, chronic myeloid and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and palliative treatment of bone metastases
Initially 5 millicuries, follow if necessary by a dose of not more than 3 or 4 millicurie at intervals of not less than 2 months
Intracavitary administration should not be utilized, overdose, potential for serious hemopoietic effects, Not known monitoring required, radiation, minimize exposure to patients and healthcare personnel
Not known
Sodium Polystyrene Sulphonate Powder
Resonium-A
Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate 1 % Injection Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate 3 % Injection
Trombovar
Trombovar
Renal failure and with conditions requiring a restricted sodium intake, such as heart failure and For hyperkalaemia associated with anuria or severe Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, severe hypertension, calcium polystyrene oliguria, in dialysis patients or those on prolonged gastric irritation and occasionally diarrhoea. sulphonate may be preferred in these patients. peritoneal dialysis Constipation may be severe Hypokalaemia, other electrolyte disturbances, constipation, children and neonates, patients at risk from an increase in sodium load 0.5-2 mL into the submucosal layer at the base of the Pain, urticaria and ulceration at the site of Sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices, haemorrhoids oesophageal varix or the haemorrhoid; several injection, embolisms, headache, nausea, Patients with history of allergy, pregnancy, lactation and varicose veins injections may be given at different sites, max. total vomiting, esophageal perforation, allergic injected 10-15 mL of 1% per treatment reactions (including anaphylaxis) 0.5-2 mL into the submucosal layer at the base of the Pain, urticaria and ulceration at the site of Sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices, haemorrhoids oesophageal varix or the haemorrhoid, several injection, embolisms, headache, nausea, Patients with history of allergy, pregnancy, lactation and varicose veins injections may be given at different sites, max. total vomiting, esophageal perforation, allergic injected 10-15 mL of 1% per treatment reactions (including anaphylaxis) ADULT : Oral : 15 g 1 - 4 times/day. Rectal : 30 g in 100 ml 2% methylcellulose and 100 ml water as a daily retention enema. Retain for 9 hours followed by non-sodium cleansing enema. CHILD : 1 g/kg in 1 - 4 doses in acute hyperkalemia. Maintenance : 0.5 g/kg/daily Fungicides. For the treatment of pityriasis versicolor Apply to all affected parts of the body and face with a Discontinue topical use if irritation or sensitivity brush after a bath once daily or twice daily or 3 times occurs, rapid IV infusion has caused transient daily hypotension ADULT : 300 mg sodium nitrite IV over 3 minutes followed after 5 minutes with 50 ml sodium thiosulphate 50% injection administered over 10 minutes. CHILD : 4.5 - 10 mg/kg sodium nitrite IV followed by 1.65 ml/kg of 25% sodium thiosulphate injection ADULT: Initially 600 mg/day in 2 - 3 divided doses, dose may be increased by 200 mg at 3-day intervals to max 2.5 g/day. Usual maintenance dose: 1-2 g/day (20-30 mg/kg/day). CHILD: More than 20 kg. Initially 400 mg/day with spaced increases until control is achieved (usually 20-30 mg/kg/day), dose may be increased to 35 mg/kg/day. Less than 20 kg 20 mg/kg/day, in severe cases the dose may be increased provided plasma concentration can be monitored
Magnesium-containing laxatives, aluminum carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate. Calcium : increased risk of metabolic alkalosis. Levothyroxine : hypothyroidism. Sorbitol, digitalis-like drugs, lithium Not known
Not known
Sodium Thiosulphate 10-20% Solution
Hypotension, coma, psychosis, confusion, contact dermatitis, local irritation, Hypersensitivity to sodium thiosulphate or any neuromuscular and skeletal weakness, tinnitus, component of the formulation diarrhoea (following large accidental ingestion)
Not known
Sodium Thiosulphate 500 mg/ml Injection
For cyanide poisoning
Too rapid intravenous administration has caused hypotension
Diarrhoea, allergic contact dermatitis
Not known
Not known
Sodium Valproate 200 mg Tablet
Epilim
Epilepsy
Monitor liver function, avoid sudden withdrawal, certain metabolic disorders, fatigue, loss of appetite, vomiting. Pregnancy and lactation. Avoid concomitant use of salicylates in children less than 3 years due to risk of liver toxicity, use of salicylates in children less than 16 years is also not recommended. Monitor liver function before therapy and during first 6 months. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours
Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, ataxia, tremor, weight gain, transient hair loss, oedema, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia. Liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders
Hepatic disease or significant hepatic dysfunction, hypersensitivity to valproate sodium, valproic acid or divalproex sodium, porphyria
Sodium Valproate 200 mg/5 ml Syrup Epilim
Epilepsy
Monitor liver function, avoid sudden withdrawal, certain metabolic disorders, fatigue, loss of CHILD: More than 20 kg. Initially 400 mg/day with appetite, vomiting. Pregnancy, lactation, Avoid spaced increases until control is achieved (usually 20- concomitant use of salicylates in children less than 30 mg/kg/day), dose may be increased to 35 3 years due to risk of liver toxicity, use of mg/kg/day. Less than 20 kg, 20 mg/kg/day. Severe salicylates in children less than 16 years is also not cases: 50 mg/kg daily recommended. Monitor liver function before therapy and during first 6 months. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours
Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, ataxia, tremor, weight gain, transient hair loss, oedema, thrombocytopenia (dose related), leukopenia. Gastrointestinal disorders, liver failure, children under the age of two years are at increased risk, pancreatitis
Increases phenobarbital, primidone and phenytoin plasma concentrations. Potentiates toxic effect of carbamazepine. Risk of rash may be increased by coadministration with lamotrigine. May potentiate the effect of neuroleptics, MAOIs, antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Potentiate effects of MAOIs. Monitor prothrombin time when used with anticoagulants. Caution when used with newer anti-epileptics whose pharmacodynamics are not well-established Increases phenobarbital, primidone and phenytoin plasma concentrations. Potentiates toxic effect of carbamazepine. Risk of rash may be increased by coadministration with lamotrigine. May potentiate the effect of neuroleptics, MAOIs, antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Monitor prothrombin time when used with anticoagulants. Caution when used with newer anti-epileptics whose pharmacodynamics are not well-established
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Monitor liver function, avoid sudden withdrawal, certain metabolic disorders, fatigue, loss of appetite, vomiting. Pregnancy, lactation. Avoid concomitant use of salicylates in children less than 3 years due to risk of liver toxicity, use of salicylates in children less than 16 years is also not recommended. Monitor liver function before therapy and during first 6 months. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Increases phenobarbital, primidone and phenytoin plasma concentrations. Potentiates toxic effect of carbamazepine. Risk of rash may be increased by coadministration with lamotrigine. May potentiate the effect of neuroleptics, MAOIs, antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Potentiate effects of MAOIs. Monitor prothrombin time when used with anticoagulants. Caution when used with newer anti-epileptics whose pharmacodynamics are not well-established
Sodium Valproate 400 mg Injection
Epilim
Status epilepticus
ADULT and CHILD above 10 years: 10 to 15 mg/kg/day IV, may increase 5 to 10 mg/kg/week to achieve optimal clinical response (Maximum 60 mg/kg/day or less with a therapeutic range of 50 to 100 mcg/mL)
Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, ataxia, tremor, weight gain, transient hair loss, oedema, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia. Liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders
Somatropin 12 mg (36IU) Injection
i) Growth failure due to inadequate endogenous growth hormone ii) Growth failure in girls due to gonadal dysgenesis (Turner syndrome) iii) Growth failure in short children born small gestational age (SGA)
Patients with growth hormone deficiency secondary to an intracranial lesion should be examined frequently for progression or recurrence of the underlying disease. Appearance of hypothyroidism in the course of therapy with somatropin should be i) 0.7-1 mg/m2/day or 0.025-0.035 mg/kg/day SC/IM ii) corrected with thyroid hormone in order to obtain a 1.4 mg/m2/day or 0.045-0.05 mg/kg/day SC iii) 0.035 sufficient growth promoting effect. Intra- or mg/kg/day or 1 mg/m2/day SC extracranial neoplasia in remission. Diabetes Mellitus. Slipped capital femoral epiphyses may occur more frequently in patients with endocrine disorders including growth hormone deficiency. Pregnancy and lactation Patients with growth hormone deficiency secondary to an intracranial lesion should be examined frequently for progression or recurrence of the underlying disease. Appearance of hypothyroidism in the course of therapy with somatropin should be i) 0.7-1 mg/m2/day or 0.025-0.035 mg/kg/day SC/IM ii) corrected with thyroid hormone in order to obtain a 1.4 mg/m2/day or 0.045-0.05 mg/kg/day SC iii) 0.035 sufficient growth promoting effect. Intra- or mg/kg/day or 1 mg/m2/day SC extracranial neoplasia in remission. Diabetes Mellitus. Slipped capital femoral epiphyses may occur more frequently in patients with endocrine disorders including growth hormone deficiency. Pregnancy and lactation Patients with growth hormone deficiency secondary to an intracranial lesion should be examined frequently for progression or recurrence of the underlying disease. Appearance of hypothyroidism in the course of therapy with somatropin should be i) 0.7-1 mg/m2/day or 0.025-0.035 mg/kg/day SC/IM ii) corrected with thyroid hormone in order to obtain a 1.4 mg/m2/day or 0.045-0.05 mg/kg/day SC iii) 0.035 sufficient growth promoting effect. Intra- or mg/kg/day or 1 mg/m2/day SC extracranial neoplasia in remission. Diabetes Mellitus. Slipped capital femoral epiphyses may occur more frequently in patients with endocrine disorders including growth hormone deficiency. Pregnancy and lactation
Injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions. Patient in whom short stature is due to a genetic defect, treatment with somatropin may induce development of growth-attenuating antibodies. Epiphysiolysis of hip joint in children receiving growth hormone therapy. Adult receiving growth hormone replacement therapy: Oedema, muscle and joint pain, joint disorders
Children with epiphyseal fusion. Active neoplasia, progression or recurrence of Concomitant corticosteroid therapy may inhibit underlying intracranial lesion, critically ill the effect of somatropin patient, proliferative or pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Somatropin 5mg (15IU) Injection
Norditropin
Somatropin 8 mg (24IU) Injection
Saizen
Sotalol HCl 160 mg Tablet
Sotacor
Ventricular tachyarrythmias
80 - 320 mg twice daily
Avoid abrupt withdrawal, gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Bronchospastic disease, concomitant use with other drugs that prolong the QT interval, congestive heart failure (doses of 3 milligrams/kg or greater Dyspnoea, tiredness, dizziness, headache, should not be administered by bolus infusion), fever, excessive bradycardia and or diabetes mellitus, electrolyte imbalance (ie: hypotension hypokalaemia, hypomagnesemia), hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, underlying conduction disturbances (eg, sick sinus syndrome) Avoid abrupt withdrawal, gradual withdrawal over a period of 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. Bronchospastic disease, concomitant use with other drugs that prolong the QT interval, congestive heart failure (doses of 3 milligrams/kg or greater Dyspnoea, tiredness, dizziness, headache, should not be administered by bolus infusion), fever, excessive bradycardia and or diabetes mellitus, electrolyte imbalance (ie: hypotension hypokalaemia, hypomagnesemia), hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, underlying conduction disturbances (eg, sick sinus syndrome)
Hypersensitivity to sotalol products, asthma, bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, congenital or acquired long QT syndromes
May potentiate initial insulin hypoglycaemic effects. Affected by class I antiarrhythmics, quinidine, disopyramide, tricyclic antidepressants
Sotalol HCl 80 mg Tablet
Sotacor
Ventricular tachyarrythmias
80 - 320 mg twice daily
Hypersensitivity to sotalol products, asthma, bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree AV block overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, congenital or acquired long QT syndromes
May potentiate initial insulin hypoglycaemic effects. Affected by class I antiarrhythmics, quinidine, disopyramide, tricyclic antidepressants
Spironolactone 25 mg Tablet
Aldactone
Oedema and ascites in cirrhosis of the liver, congestive heart failure
Hyperkalaemia or progressive renal failure, ADULT: 100 - 200 mg daily in divided doses. Increase impaired hepatic or renal function, diabetes to 400 mg if required. CHILD: initially 3 mg/kg daily in mellitus, patients likely to develop acidosis. divided doses Pregnancy and lactation
Headache, drowsiness, gastrointestinal disturbances including cramp and diarrhoea, Hypersensitivity, hyperkalaemia, renal failure, ataxia, mental confusion, hirsutism, deepening anuria, patients receiving other potassiumof the voice, menstrual irregularities, impotence, sparing diuretics or potassium supplements skin rashes, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ciclosporin: hyperkalaemia. Aspirin: decreased spironolactone effectiveness. Digoxin: digoxin toxicity (nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias). NSAIDs: reduced diuretic effectiveness, hyperkalaemia
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Stavudine 1 mg/ml Solution
Zerit
Stavudine 30 mg Capsule
Zerit
Stavudine 30 mg, Lamivudine 150 mg & Nevirapine 200 mg Tablet
SLN 30
Fixed dose triple therapy for treatment of HIV infection in adults once patients have been stabilized on the maintenance regimen of nevirapine 200 mg twice daily and have demonstrated adequate tolerability to nevirapine
Stavudine 40 mg Capsule
Zerit
Stavudine 40 mg, Lamivudine 150 mg & Nevirapine 200 mg Tablet
SLN 40
Fixed dose triple therapy for treatment of HIV infection in adults once patients have been stabilized on the maintenance regimen of nevirapine 200 mg twice daily and have demonstrated adequate tolerability to nevirapine
Streptokinase 1,500,000 IU Injection Streptase
Acute myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary embolism
Headache, rash, gastrointestinal effects, peripheral neuropathy, abdominal pain, allergic reaction, anaemia, anorexia, chills, diabetes NEONATES 0 - 13 days old: 0.5 mg/kg/dose twice mellitus, fever, hepatic failure, hepatitis, daily. CHILD 14 days and older and weighing less Pregnancy, lactation, history of peripheral hepatomegaly, hyperglycaemia, than 30 kg: 1 mg/kg twice daily; more than 30 kg: 30 neuropathy hyperlactatemia, insomnia, lactic acidosis, mg twice daily leukopenia, macrocytosis, motor weakness, myalgia, pancreatitis, redistribution /accumulation of body fat, thrombocytopenia Headache, rash, gastrointestinal effects, peripheral neuropathy, abdominal pain, allergic reaction, anaemia, anorexia, chills, diabetes ADULT more than 60 kg: 40 mg twice daily; less than mellitus, fever, hepatic failure, hepatitis, Renal and hepatic impairment, peripheral 60 kg: 30 mg twice daily. CHILD more than 30 kg: 30 hepatomegaly, hyperglycaemia, neuropathy, elderly, pregnancy and lactation mg twice daily; less than 30 kg: 15 mg twice daily hyperlactatemia, insomnia, lactic acidosis, leukopenia, macrocytosis, motor weakness, myalgia, pancreatitis, redistribution /accumulation of body fat, thrombocytopenia Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, chills, fever, malaise, diarrhoea, constipation, dyspepsia, asthenia, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, chest, abdominal and back Hepatitis B or C. Discontinue immediately if severe pain, depression, anxiety, flu syndrome, life-threatening skin reactions occur and do not One tablet twice daily for patients weighing less than sweating, dizziness, dyspnoea, rash, pruritus. rechallenge. Avoid concomitant prednisone. 60 kg Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal Perform baseline and periodic liver function tests. necrolysis, serious hepatitis, hepatic failure, Pregnancy and lactation hypersensitivity reactions characterised by rash with constitutional symptoms and visceral involvement, gastrointestinal disturbances, fatigue, somnolence, myalgia Headache, rash, gastrointestinal effects, peripheral neuropathy, abdominal pain, allergic reaction, anaemia, anorexia, chills, diabetes ADULT more than 60 kg: 40 mg twice daily; less than mellitus, fever, hepatic failure, hepatitis, Renal and hepatic impairment, peripheral 60 kg: 30 mg twice daily. CHILD more than 30 kg: 30 hepatomegaly, hyperglycaemia, neuropathy, elderly, pregnancy and lactation mg twice daily; less than 30 kg: 15 mg twice daily hyperlactatemia, insomnia, lactic acidosis, leukopenia, macrocytosis, motor weakness, myalgia, pancreatitis, redistribution /accumulation of body fat, thrombocytopenia Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, chills, fever, malaise, diarrhoea, constipation, dyspepsia, asthenia, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, chest, abdominal and back Hepatitis B or C. Discontinue immediately if severe pain, depression, anxiety, flu syndrome, life-threatening skin reactions occur and do not One tablet twice daily for patients weighing less than sweating, dizziness, dyspnoea, rash, pruritus. rechallenge. Avoid concomitant prednisone. 60 kg Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal Perform baseline and periodic liver function tests. necrolysis, serious hepatitis, hepatic failure, Pregnancy and lactation hypersensitivity reactions characterised by rash with constitutional symptoms and visceral involvement, gastrointestinal disturbances, fatigue, somnolence, myalgia Arterial invasive procedures should be avoided before and during treatment and invasive venous procedures should be performed carefully. Myocardial infarction: 1,500,000 units over 30 - 60 Spontaneous bleeding from internal sites may minutes. Pulmonary embolism: 250,000 units by IV occur. Concurrent use of anticoagulants with Nausea, vomiting, bleeding, reperfusion infusion over 30 minutes, then 100,000 units every streptokinase is not recommended. Concurrent use arrhythmias, hypotension, bronchospasm hour for up to 12-72 hours with monitoring of clotting of heparin may be required during intracoronary factors administration of streptokinase. Precaution must be taken during concurrent use of drugs that may alter platelet function (dextran, aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone) and anticoagulants 0.5 - 1 g IM of Streptomycin base daily or at longer intervals, cumulative dose should not exceed 100 g Renal and hepatic impairment. Elderly, poor oral and parenteral nutrition. Pregnancy and lactation Continuation of treatment in patients developing severe renal impairment should be considered on an individual basis, caution in patients at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), contains a source of phenylalanine which may be harmful for people with phenylketonuria Avoid eye and skin contact. Advice to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) Chronic renal failure and on dialysis (avoid if severe), pregnancy, breast feeding. Administration of sucralfate and enteral feeds should be separated by 1 hour dosing
Hypersensitivity to stavudine
Zidovudine, doxorubicin, ribavirin, didanosine
Patients who are just initiating therapy with nevirapine. These patients require a lead-in dose of nevirapine 200 mg daily, whereas this formulation contains the maintenance dose of nevirapine 200 mg twice daily
Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, rifampicin, ketoconazole, oral contraceptives, methadone
Patients who are just initiating therapy with nevirapine. These patients require a lead-in dose of nevirapine 200 mg daily, whereas this formulation contains the maintenance dose of nevirapine 200 mg twice daily
Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, rifampicin, ketoconazole, oral contraceptives, methadone
Hypersensitivity to streptokinase products, streptococcal infections within 6 months haemorrhage, cardiovascular arrest, surgery or Aspirin, dipyridamole, eptifibatide, warfarin trauma within 1 month, subacute bacterial endocarditis
Streptomycin Sulphate 1 g Injection
Tuberculosis
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, shock, vitamin K and Hypersensitivity to other aminoglycosides vitamin B deficiency, Steven-Johnson syndrome Nausea, diarrhoea, headache, disturbances in consciousness, memory loss, dermatitis, eczema, seizures, increased annual incidence of venous thromboembolism, transient emergent increases in creatinine kinase (CK) activity
Used with blood substitutes and diuretics intensify nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Possible inhibition of respiration with anaesthetics or muscle relaxants Food, milk and derivative products, medicinal products containing calcium, administration of aluminium and magnesium hydroxides. Oral tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics. Strontium ranelate treatment should be suspended during treatment with these antibiotics Not known Reduced the extent of absorption (bioavailability). Fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, warfarin, phenytoin, ketoconazole, lansoprazole, digoxin, ranitidine, cimetidine, theophylline and levothyroxine
Strontium Ranelate 2 g Granules
Protaxos
Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis to reduce risk of vertebral and hip fractures when 2 g sachet once daily biphosphonates are contraindicated or not tolerated
Hypersensitivity to strontium ranelate or to any of the excipients
Succindialdehyde 11% & Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 3%
High level disinfection for endoscopes, ultrasonicprobes, anaesthesia equipment etc
Immersion time is based on manufacturers recommendation i) 2 g twice daily or 1 g 4 times daily for 4-6 weeks or in resistant cases up to 12 weeks (maximum 8 g daily) ii) 1 g 6 times daily (maximum 8 g daily). CHILD not recommended
Possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Hypersenstivity to any of its component Risk of serious damage to eye. Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness Constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, gastric discomfort, indigestion, dry mouth, drowsiness, Hypersensitivity to sucralfate products dizziness, skin rash, hypersensitive reaction including pruritus, back pain, vertigo
Sucralfate 1 g Tablet
i) Benign gastric and duodenal ulceration ii) Stress ulcer prophylaxis
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Rash, pruritus, contact dermatitis, urticaria, nausea and feeling of fullness, headache. Rarely, Steven-Johnson and Lyell's syndromes, blood dyscrasias, liver cell damage, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, nephrotoxicity
Contraindications
Interactions
Sulfadoxine 500 mg and Pyrimethamine 25 mg Tablet
Fansidar
Discontinue if skin reactions occur. Avoid excessive Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Treatment as single dose. ADULT : 2 - 3 tablet. CHILD exposure to sunlight. Analysis for crystalluria during patients in whom chloroquine resistance is suspected more than 45 kg : 3 tablets, 45 to 31 kg : 2 tablets, 30 prolonged prophylaxis therapy is recommended, and malaria prophylaxis for travellers to areas where to 21 kg : 1 and half tablets, 20 to 11 kg : 1 tablet, 5 to impaired renal or hepatic function, periodic blood chloroquine-resistant malaria is endemic 10 kg : one-half tablet counts are recommended, possible folate deficiency, severe allergic or bronchial asthma 1-2 drops into conjunctival sac(s) of affected eye(s) Non-purulent blepharitis, blepharo-conjunctivitis, non- every 2 - 3 hour initially; taper by increasing time purulent conjunctivitis intervals as condition responds. Usual duration 7-10 days CHILD less than 12 years: Trimethoprim 6 mg & Sulphamethoxazole 30 mg/kg/day, divided into 2 equal doses. CHILD more than 12 years: Standard dose: 10 ml diluted and infused twice daily. Severe infections: 15 ml diluted and infused twice daily
Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. Premature or newborn infants, pregnancy, prophylactic Methotrexate, sulfamethoxsazole, trimethoprim, (prolonged) use in patients with renal/hepatic zidovudine, lorazepam failure and with blood dyscrasias
Sulphacetamide 10% Eye Drops
Tearing, stinging, burning, headache, bitter Patients with dry-eye syndrome. Some ophthalmic taste, hypersensitivity reactions, Stevenssulfacetamide preparations contains sulfites, which Johnson syndrome. Corneal plaques may induced hypersensitivity reactions in (sulfacetamide crystallization) in patients with susceptible individuals dry-eye syndrome, eye lid edema Haematological disorders, elderly, pregnancy, lactation, G6PD deficiency, folate deficiency, impaired renal function Gastrointestinal upsets, stomatitis, glossitis and skin rashes, tinnitus, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome, leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anaemia, pancytopenia or purpura, hyperkalaemia
Hypersensitivity to sulfacetamide or other sulfonamides
Pilocarpine
Sulphamethoxazole 200 mg & Bactrim Trimethoprim 40 mg/5ml Suspension
Infections caused by susceptible pathogens
Marked liver parenchymal damage, blood dyscrasias, severe renal impairment, pregnancy, hypersensitivity. Use with caution in premature babies or full-term infants in the neonatal period
Increased risk of thrombocytopenia with thiazide diuretics in elderly. May require dosage reduction of warfarin and phenytoin. May displace methotrexate from plasma protein binding sites. Increased risk of venticular arrhythmias with amiodarone
Sulphamethoxazole 400 mg & Trimethoprim 80 mg Injection
Bactrim
i) ADULT: 960 mg twice daily increased to 1.44 g twice daily in severe infections. CHILD: 36 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses increased to 54 mg/kg/day in severe infections ii) Treatment: ADULT & CHILD over 4 i) Severe or complicated infections when oral therapy weeks: 120 mg/kg/day PO/IV infusion in 2 - 4 divided Haematological disorders, elderly, pregnancy, is not feasible ii) Treatment and prophylaxis of doses for 14 days. Prophylaxis: ADULT: 960 mg once lactation, G6PD deficiency, folate deficiency, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in daily or 960 mg on alternate days (3 times a week) or impaired renal function immunocompromised patients 960 mg twice daily on alternate days (3 times a week). CHILD 6 weeks - 5 months: 120 mg twice daily on 3 consecutive days or 7 days per week; 6 months - 5 years: 240 mg; 6 - 12 years: 480 mg i) ADULT: 1 - 3 tablets twice daily ii) Treatment: ADULT & CHILD over 4 weeks: 120 mg/kg/day in 2 - 4 divided doses for 14 days. Prophylaxis: ADULT: 960 Haematological disorders, elderly, pregnancy, mg once daily or 960 mg on alternate days (3 times a lactation, G6PD deficiency, folate deficiency, week) or 960 mg twice daily on alternate days (3 times impaired renal function a week). CHILD; 6 weeks - 5 months: 120 mg twice daily on 3 consecutive days or 7 days per week; 6 months - 5 years: 240 mg; 6 - 12 years: 480 mg When used in scalp disorders, a small amount of cream should be rubbed gently into the roots of the hair. When used in skin disorders, the cream should be applied sparingly to the affected area. Apply once daily or until noticeable improvement, then once or twice a week
Gastrointestinal upsets, stomatitis, glossitis and skin rashes, tinnitus, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome, leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anaemia, pancytopenia or purpura, hyperkalaemia
Sulphamethoxazole 400 mg & Trimethoprim 80 mg Tablet
Bactrim
i) Severe or complicated infections due to susceptible infection ii) Treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients
Gastrointestinal upsets, stomatitis, glossitis and skin rashes, tinnitus, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome, leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anaemia, pancytopenia or purpura, hyperkalaemia
Sulphur 2% & Salicylic Acid 2% Cream
Acne vulgaris and seborrhoeic dermatitis
Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes Cardiovascular disease, manic or hypomanic patients, renal insufficiency, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary disease, urinary retention, previous hypersensitivity to other benzamide derivatives eg. metoclopramide, elderly patients. Pregnancy, lactation, Parkinson's disease. May be exacerbated by the presence of bradycardia, hypokalaemia, a long QT which is either congential or acquired (due to combination with a medicinal product increasing the QT interval). Do not use in the event of congential galactosaemia, glucose/galactose malabsorption syndrome or lactase deficiency and children less than 6 year. Parkinson's disease, renal impairment, epileptic patients. Avoid alcohol Cardiovascular disease, manic or hypomanic patients, renal insufficiency, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary disease, urinary retention, previous hypersensitivity to other benzamide derivatives eg. metoclopramide, elderly patients. Pregnancy, lactation, Parkinson's disease. May be exacerbated by the presence of bradycardia, hypokalaemia, a long QT which is either congential or acquired (due to combination with a medicinal product increasing the QT interval). Do not use in the event of congential galactosaemia, glucose/galactose malabsorption syndrome or lactase deficiency and children less than 6 year. Parkinson's disease, renal impairment, epileptic patients. Avoid alcohol
Local irritation and dermatitis
Hypersensitivity, use in children less than 2 years, diabetes with impaired circulation
Concomitant topical use of sulphur and mercurial compounds can lead to the generation of hydrogen sulphide which has a foul odour and may stain the skin black
Sulpiride 200 mg Tablet
Dogmatil
Acute and chronic schizophrenia, chronic delusional psychoses
200-400 mg twice daily; 800 mg daily in predominantly negative symptoms and 2.4 g daily in mainly positive symptoms. Elderly, lower initial dose; increased gradually according to response. Child under 14 years not recommended
Extrapyramidal syndrome, drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia, postural hypotension, dizziness, galactorrhoea, gynaecomastia, amenorrhoea, sedation, somnolence. Early dyskinesia, tardive dyskinesia, sedation or drowsiness, transient hyperprolactinemia, weight gain, QT interval prolongation, orthostatic hypotension, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Hypersensitivity to sulpiride, phaeochromocytoma, prolactin dependent tumour, in combination with sultopride and dopamine agonists apart from in patients with Parkinson's disease, lactation, levodopa, class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, certain neuroleptics (thioridazine, chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, trifluoperazine, cyamemazine, amisulpride, tiapride, pimozide, haloperidol, droperidol), bepridil, cisapride, diphemanil, erythromycin, mizolastine, vincamine, halofantrine, pentamidine, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin Hypersensitivity to sulpiride, phaeochromocytoma, prolactin dependent tumour, in combination with sultopride and dopamine agonists apart from in patients with Parkinson's disease, lactation, levodopa, class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, certain neuroleptics (thioridazine, chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, trifluoperazine, cyamemazine, amisulpride, tiapride, pimozide, haloperidol, droperidol), bepridil, cisapride, diphemanil, erythromycin, mizolastine, vincamine, halofantrine, pentamidine, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Other central nervous system depressants, alcohol, levodopa. Dopamine agonists, sultopride, halofantrine, pentamidine, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, bradycardiac agents, hypokalaemic agents, antihypertensives, if treatment with neuroleptics is necessary in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving treatment with dopamine agonists, the latter must be gradually reduced and then discontinued
Sulpiride 50 mg Capsule
Dogmatil
Acute and chronic schizophrenia, chronic delusional psychoses
200-400 mg twice daily; 800 mg daily in predominantly negative symptoms; and 2.4 g daily in mainly positive symptoms. Elderly, lower initial dose; increased gradually according to response. Child under 14 years not recommended
Extrapyramidal syndrome, drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia, postural hypotension, dizziness, galactorrhoea, gynaecomastia, amenorrhoea, sedation, somnolence. Early dyskinesia, tardive dyskinesia, sedation or drowsiness, transient hyperprolactinemia, weight gain, QT interval prolongation, orthostatic hypotension, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Other central nervous system depressants, alcohol, levodopa. Dopamine agonists, sultopride, halofantrine, pentamidine, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, bradycardiac agents, hypokalaemic agents, antihypertensives, if treatment with neuroleptics is necessary in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving treatment with dopamine agonists, the latter must be gradually reduced & then discontinued
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Patient with risk of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, history of epilepsy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Predisposition to ischaemic heart disease. Hepatic or renal impairment. Controlled hypertension. SSRI therapy. Lowered seizure threshold. Pregnancy and lactation Patient with risk of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, history of epilepsy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Predisposition to ischaemic heart disease. Hepatic or renal impairment. Controlled hypertension. SSRI therapy. Lowered seizure threshold. Pregnancy and lactation Patient with risk of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, history of epilepsy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Predisposition to ischaemic heart disease. Hepatic or renal impairment. Controlled hypertension. SSRI therapy. Lowered seizure threshold. Pregnancy and lactation
Adverse Reaction
Flushing, palpitations, chest discomfort, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness. Sensations of tingling, heat, heaviness, pressure or tightness in any part of the body. Nausea and vomiting. Transient increase in blood pressure. Rarely: seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, transient loss of vision, anaphylaxis Flushing, palpitations, chest discomfort, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness. Sensations of tingling, heat, heaviness, pressure or tightness in any part of the body. Nausea and vomiting. Transient increase in blood pressure. Rarely: seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, transient loss of vision, anaphylaxis Flushing, palpitations, chest discomfort, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness. Sensations of tingling, heat, heaviness, pressure or tightness in any part of the body. Nausea and vomiting. Transient increase in blood pressure. Rarely: seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, transient loss of vision, anaphylaxis Flushing, palpitations, chest discomfort, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness. Transient pain at inj site. Sensations of tingling, heat, heaviness, pressure or tightness in any part of the body. Nausea and vomiting. Transient increase in blood pressure. Rarely: seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, transient loss of vision, anaphylaxis
Contraindications
Cerebrovascular disease variant angina, uncontrolled hypertension, hypersensitivity to sumatriptan products, severe hepatic impairment, previous myocardial infarction, Prinzmetal's angina. Peripheral vascular disease or patients who have symptoms or signs consistent with ischaemic heart disease. History of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischaemic attack Cerebrovascular disease variant angina, uncontrolled hypertension, hypersensitivity to sumatriptan products, severe hepatic impairment, previous myocardial infarction, Prinzmetal's angina. Peripheral vascular disease or patients who have symptoms or signs consistent with ischaemic heart disease. History of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischaemic attack Cerebrovascular disease variant angina, uncontrolled hypertension, hypersensitivity to sumatriptan products, severe hepatic impairment, previous myocardial infarction, Prinzmetal's angina. Peripheral vascular disease or patients who have symptoms or signs consistent with ischaemic heart disease. History of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischaemic attack Cerebrovascular disease variant angina, uncontrolled hypertension, hypersensitivity to sumatriptan products, severe hepatic impairment, previous myocardial infarction, Prinzmetal's angina. Peripheral vascular disease or patients who have symptoms or signs consistent with ischaemic heart disease. History of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischaemic attack. Injection should not be given IV Hypersensitivity to a particular sunscreen agent Patients who are burnt, severely hyperkalaemic with penetrating eye wounds, malignant hyperpyrexia, massively traumatised patients or those with extensive muscle degeneration eg. recent paraplegia
Interactions
Sumatriptan 100 mg Tablet
Imigran
Treatment of acute migraine attacks
50 mg per attack and not more than 300 mg daily
Risk of central nervous system toxicity increased with SSRIs, lithium and MAOIs (including moclobemide). Increases risk of vasospasm with ergotamine. Ergotamine, MAOIs, 5-HT receptor inhibitors, lithium
Sumatriptan 50 mg Fast Disintegrating Tablet
Imigran FDT
Sumatriptan 50 mg Tablet
Imigran
Sumatriptan 6 mg/0.5 ml Injection
Imigran
Treament of acute migraine attacks and cluster headache
Patient with risk of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, history of epilepsy. May impair ability to 6 mg given by SC as soon as possible after onset. drive or operate machinery. Predisposition to Dose may be repeated once after not less than 1 hour ischaemic heart disease. Hepatic or renal if needed. Max. 12 mg in 24 hours. Child not impairment. Controlled hypertension. SSRI therapy. recommended Lowered seizure threshold. Pregnancy and lactation Apply to exposed areas at least 30 minutes prior to solar exposure; reapply after swimming, prolonged perspiration and after 2 hours of continuos sun exposure Initial test dose 5 - 10 mg may be given. Usual single dose 0.3 - 1.1 mg/kg IV. Maximum 100 mg according to the depth and duration of relaxation required. 2.5 4 mg/kg IM, maximum 150 mg Adrenocortical insufficiency: IM, IV (over 2 minutes): Peak plasma cortisol concentrations usually occur 4560 minutes after administration CHILD less than 2 years: 0.125 mg, CHILD more than 2 years and ADULTS: 0.25-0.75 mg, when greater cortisol stimulation is needed, an IV infusion may be used: CHILD more than 2 years and ADULTS: 0.25 mg administered at 0.04 mg/hour over 6 hours Allergic to benzocaine, procaine, paraphenylenediamina (found in hair dyes), thiazide diuretics, sulfonamides aniline, or methylparaben may also be allergic to sunscreen containing PABA or PABA esters Cardiac disease, severe trauma or electrolyte imbalance, pre-existing hyperkalaemia. Ocular surgery, glaucoma. Elderly
Sunscreen 5 - 20% w/w Cream
Photodermatitis
Contact dermatitis and heat rash (miliaria) Transient muscle fasciculation before relaxation, increased intraocular and intragastric pressure, post-operative pain, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, muscarinic effects
Antagonise antibacterial effect of sulfonamides, reduced anticoagulant effectiveness of warfarin Enhanced effect by aminoglycoside, clindamycin, cyclophosphamide, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, rivastigmine and possibly donepezil. Arrhythmias if given with digoxin
Suxamethonium Chloride 50 mg/ml lnj
Scoline
Muscle relaxant as an adjunct to anaesthesia
Synthetic ACTH (Tetracosactrin Acetate) 250 mcg/ml Injection
Synacthen
Diagnostic test to differentiate primary adrenal from secondary (pituitary) adrenocortical insufficiency
Due to side effects or potentially fatal allergic reactions, therefore, patients should be monitored for at least one hour after administration in a controlled setting. Discontinue treatment by reducing the dosage gradually
Bradycardia, hypertension, peripheral oedema, tachycardia, rash, whealing with redness at the Hypersensitivity to natural ACTH. avoid Decreased effect: Spironolactone, injection site, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity injections containing benzyl alcohol in neonates hydrocortisone, cortisone reaction
Tacrolimus 0.5 mg Capsule
Prograf
i) Primary immunosuppressant agent for all solid organ transplantation ii) Rescue therapy for rejection
Renal or hepatic insufficiency, monitor blood glucose levels, increased risk of infections and possibly lymphoma, hyperkalaemia, hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy and neurotoxicity. Monitor blood pressure, ECG, visual status, electrolytes (especially K), haematology parameters. Children less than 2 year who are Epstein-Barr virus seroi) 0.2 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses ii) 0.3 mg/kg/day in negative. Patients with allergenic disposition. May 2 divided doses impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Continuous IV therapy should not be continued for more than 7 days. Avoid excessive exposure to sun or UV light. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy
Hypertension, angina, tachycardia, pleural and pericardial effusion, hypotension, arrhythmias, ventricular or septal hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, tremor, dizziness, anxiety, confusion and infection
Hypersensitivity to tacrolimus products, macrolides, polyoxyethylated castor oil (parenteral formulation) or structurally related compounds, pregnancy and lactation
Aminoglycosides, cisplatin, amphotericin B, additive or synergistic renal function impairment. Spironolactone, hyperkalaemia. NSAIDs, acute renal failure. Live vaccines, risk of infection in immunocompromised hosts, reduced effectiveness of vaccine. Fluconazole, nifedipine, diltiazem, clarithromycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, increased risk of tacrolimus toxicity (nephrotoxicity, hyperglycaemia, hyperkalaemia)
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Tacrolimus 1 mg Capsule
Prograf
Tacrolimus 5 mg Capsule
Prograf
Tacrolimus 5mg/ml Injection
Prograf
Tamoxifen Citrate 20 mg Tablet
Nolvadex
Breast cancer
Renal or hepatic insufficiency, monitor blood glucose levels, increased risk of infections and possibly lymphoma, hyperkalaemia, hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy and neurotoxicity. Monitor blood pressure, ECG, visual status, electrolytes (especially K), haematology parameters. Children less than 2 year who are Epstein-Barr virus seroi) 0.2 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses ii) 0.3 mg/kg/day in negative. Patients with allergenic disposition. May 2 divided doses impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Continuous IV therapy should not be continued for more than 7 days. Avoid excessive exposure to sun or UV light. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy Renal or hepatic insufficiency, monitor blood glucose levels, increased risk of infections and possibly lymphoma, hyperkalaemia, hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy and neurotoxicity. Monitor blood pressure, ECG, visual status, electrolytes (especially K), haematology parameters. Children less than 2 year who are Epstein-Barr virus seroi) 0.2 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses ii) 0.3 mg/kg/day in negative. Patients with allergenic disposition. May 2 divided doses impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Continuous IV therapy should not be continued for more than 7 days. Avoid excessive exposure to sun or UV light. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy Renal or hepatic insufficiency, monitor blood glucose levels, increased risk of infections and possibly lymphoma, hyperkalaemia, hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy and neurotoxicity. Monitor blood pressure, ECG, visual status, electrolytes (especially K), haematology parameters. Children less than 2 year who are Epstein-Barr virus seroi) 0.2 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses ii) 0.3 mg/kg/day in negative. Patients with allergenic disposition. May 2 divided doses impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Continuous IV therapy should not be continued for more than 7 days. Avoid excessive exposure to sun or UV light. Increased risk for opportunistic infections such as activation of latent viral infections including BK virus -associated nephropathy Caution in patients with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, retinopathy or with family/past history of hypercoagulable states or 20-40 mg daily thromboembolic disease. Pelvic examination should be carried out for patients on long term use of tamoxifen Patients receiving antihypertensive treatment, elderly patients, hepatic and renal impairment, during cataract surgery (risk of intra-operative floppy iris syndrome)
Menopausal symptoms, fluid retention, peripheral oedema, nausea, vomiting, Hypersensitivity to Tamoxifen. Pregnancy and myelosuppression, tumour flare, endometrial lactation, pulmonary embolus history, history of hyperplasia, polyps and small risk of deep vein thrombosis endometrial cancer, visual disturbance including corneal changes, cataracts and retinopathy History of orthostatic hypotension, severe hepatic insufficiency, hypersensitivity to Tamsulosin HCl or any other component of the product
Tamsulosin HCl 400 mcg Extended Release Tablet
Harnal OCAS
Second line treatment of functional symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in patients who do 400 mcg once daily not tolerate first line drugs or when first line drugs are inappropriate or contraindicated
Tar, Coal Tar and Oleyl Alcohol Liquid
Polytar
Dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis
Massage into wet hair, rinse and repeat. Use once or twice weekly
Abnormal ejaculation, reduced libido, priapism, intra-operative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS), dizziness, syncope, palpitations, postural hypotension, rhinitis, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, rash, angioedema, asthenia, drowsiness, blurred vision Skin ulcerations and hypersensitivity reactions Do not apply to acutely inflammed skin. Avoid including allergic contact dermatitis, the use of contact with eyes, do not apply coal tar ultraviolet light and coal tar may produce or preparations (other than bath emulsions) to genital aggravate folliculitis erythema and a smarting or rectal areas reaction
Warfarin, allopurinol, ciclosporin, bromocriptine, rifampicin, clopidogrel, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, methotrexate, mitomycin, concurrent use with letrozole may result in reduced letrozole serum concentrations, aminoglutethimide may decrease tamoxifen plasma concentrations Drugs which may reduce blood pressure, cimetidine, fluoxetine, ketoconazole, sildenafil
Folliculitis and acne vulgaris, weeping eczema, erythrodermic, generalized pustular psoriasis Not known and photosensitivity
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Technetium-99m Sterile Generator
Technetium-99m as pertechnetate is obtained by elution with a sterile solution of Sodium Chloride 0.9%. The dosage depend on type of scan i) Thyroid scintigraphy: 18.5-80 MBq (0.5-2.2 mCi) Scintigraphy performed 20 minutes after intravenous injection ii) Salivary gland scintigraphy: 40 MBq (1.1 mCi) Scintigraphy performed immediately after intravenous injection and at regular intervals up to 15 minutes iii) Meckel?s diverticulum scintigraphy: 400 MBq (10.8 mCi) Scintigraphy performed immediately after intravenous injection and at regular interval up to 30 minutes iv) Brain scintigraphy: 370-800 MBq (10-22 mCi) Rapid sequential images are taken immediately within the first minute after intravenous administration, Sodium pertechetate is used for scintigraphy or static images 1 to 4 hours later. Thyroid and coriod nuclear scan particularly of the brain and thyroid to plexus should be blocked to avoid non-specific 99mTc prepare various technetium-99m labelled injections for uptake v) Cardiac and vascular scintigraphy: 740-925 selective organ imaging MBq (20-25 mCi) Red cells are labeled in vivo or in vitro by pretreating with a reducing agent. Dynamic images are taken in the first minute after intravenous administration, followed by regular images over 30 minutes vi) Gastrointestinal bleeding: 740-925 MBq (20-25 mCi) Red cells are labeled in vivo or in vitro by pretreating with a reducing agent. Dynamic images are taken in the first minutes after intravenous administration, followed by regular images at appropriate intervals for up to 24 hours vii) Lacrimal duct scintigraphy: 2-4 MBq each eye (50-100 mCi) Drops are instilled into eye and dynamic images are taken over 2 minutes, followed by static images at appropriate intervals over 20 minutes
Radiopharmaceuticals may be received, used and administered only by authorised persons in designated clinical setting with appropriate government authorisation for the use and manipulation of radionuclides. Their receipt, storage, use, transfer and disposal are subject to the regulations and or appropriate licences of the local competent official organisations. After use, materials associated with the preparation and administration of radiopharmaceuticals including any unused product and its container, should be decontaminated or treated as radioactive waste and disposed of in accordance with the conditions specified by the local competent authority. The administration of radiopharmaceuticals creates risk for other persons from external radiation or contamination from spills of urine, vomiting etc. Radiation protection precautions in accordance with national regulations must therefore be taken
Allergic reactions include urticaria, facial oedema, vasodilation, pruritus, cardiac arrythmias and coma. Exposure to ionising radiation is linked with cancer induction and a potential for development of hereditary defects. Pregnancy and lactation For diagnostic nuclear medivine investigation, the current evidence suggest that these adverse effects will occur with low frequency because of low radiation doses incurred
Drug interaction have been reported in brain scintigraphy where there can be increased uptake of pertechnetate in the walls of cerebral ventricles as a result of methotrexate induced vantriculitis. In abdominal imaging, drugs such as atropine, isoprenaline and analgesics can result in a delay in gastric emptying and redistribution of pertechnetate
Tegafur 100 mg & uracil 224 mg Capsule
UFT
Non small cell lung cancer
300-600 mg daily in 2-3 divided doses
GI disturbances, blood dyscrasias, pigmentation, severe hepatic disorder eg Patient with serious bone marrow , serious Bone marrow depression. History of CV disease. fulminant hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, diarrhea, serious infection], Patient receiving Hepatic & renal disorders. Infectious complications, dehydration, severe enteritis, psychoneurologic treatment with tegafur, gimeracil, oteracil Increased action of phenytoin, warfarin , other varicella. Gastric or duodenal ulcers. Abnormal disorders, CV disease, acute renal failure, potassium combination product or within 7 days antineoplastics or radiation therapy glucose tolerance. Patients on chemotherapy. nephrotic syndrome, anosmia, interstitial after withdrawal of this product , Pregnancy and Children and elderly pneumonia, acute pancreatitis, severe lactation stomatitis, GI ulceration & hemorrhage, StevensJohnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome Dizziness, headache, increased blood amylase and lipase, diarrhoea, nausea, elevated ALT, Hypersensitivity to telbivudine or any rash, increased blood creatinine component of the product phosphokinase, fatigue, abdominal pain, dyspepsia. Increased AST, myopathy, arthralgia, myalgia, malaise
Telbivudine 600 mg Tablet
Sebivo
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with evidence of viral replication and active liver inflammation
Renal impairment: Use caution in patients with ADULT and CHILD over 16 years: 600 mg once daily. moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction and end Moderate to severe renal impairment: CrCL 30stage renal disease (ESRD); dosing adjustment 49ml/minute, 600 mg every 48 hours. CrCL required (ClCr
Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy when telbivudine given with interferon alfa
Telmisartan 40 mg Tablet
Micardis
40 - 80 mg a day
Telmisartan 80 mg & Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Tablet
micardis plus
1 tablet daily
Telmisartan 80 mg Tablet
Micardis
40 - 80 mg a day
Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, salt substitutes containing potassium or other medicinal products that may cause hyperkalaemia (esp digoxin, lithium) May increase hypotensive effect of other antihypertensive Lithium, bepridil, calcitriol, calcium carbonate, Respiratory disorders, urinary tract infection, carbamazepine, chlorpropamide, Hepatic impairment, progressive liver impairment, blood dyscrasias, precipitation of gout or latent cholestyramine, corticotropin, cortisone, severe congestive heart failure, diabetes, gout, diabetes, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, Cholestasis, biliary obstruction, severe hepatic cyclophosphamide, diazoxide, digoxin, obstructive hyperthropic cardiomyopathy, metabolic and nutritional disorders, dizziness, impairment, severe renal impairment, lactation, droperidol, fludrocortisone, fluorouracil, electrolyte imbalance, high cholesterol or vertigo, visual disturbances, cardiovascular and pregnancy, refractory hypokalaemia memantine, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, triglycerides gastrintestinal disturbances, systemic lupus prednisolone, propranolol, tolbutamide, erythematosus triamcinolone Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium Angioedema (associated with aspirin and or supplements, salt substitutes containing penicillin allergy), discontinue with laryngeal stridor Headache, dizziness, upper respiratory Hypersensitivity to telmisartan products, potassium or other medicinal products that may or angioedema of the face, tongue or glottis. Aortic infection and cough pregnancy and renal artery stenosis cause hyperkalaemia (esp digoxin, lithium) May or mitral valve stenosis, biliary cirrhosis or biliary increase hypotensive effect of other obstruction, coronary artery disease and elderly antihypertensive Angioedema (associated with aspirin and or penicillin allergy), discontinue with laryngeal stridor Headache, dizziness, upper respiratory or angioedema of the face, tongue or glottis. Aortic infection and cough or mitral valve stenosis, biliary cirrhosis or biliary obstruction, coronary artery disease and elderly Hypersensitivity to telmisartan products, pregnancy and renal artery stenosis Bacterial or viral infection, concomitant temozolomide and steroid use (observe for development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), elderly patients ,hepatic or renal impairment (severe), myelosuppression (increased risk in geriatric and female patients; myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary malignancies may occur), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis (required for all patients receiving concomitant temozolomide and radiotherapy during the 42-day treatment of glioblastoma multiforme) Gastrointestinal disturbances, anorexia, headache, fatigue, alopecia, rash, blurred vision, hearing impairment, dizziness, fever, muscle weakness, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloid leukemia, myelosuppression, neutropenia, opportunistic infection, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pancytopenia
Temozolomide 100 mg Capsule
Temodal
In patients with glioblastoma multiforme who fulfill all the following criteria : i. Total /near total resection ii. ECOG/WHO performance status 0-2 iii. Age less than 60 years
Phase I : 75mg/m2 daily for 42 days concurrent with radiotherapy. Phase II (Total of 6 cycle): Cycle I 150mg/ m2 once daily for 5/28 days Cycle 2-6 : 200mg/ m2 once daily for 5/28 days
Hypersensitivity to temozolomide or to any of its Valproic acid and other myelosuppressive components. Hypersensitivity to dacarbazine agents, trastuzumab, vaccines
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Bacterial or viral infection , concomitant temozolomide and steroid use (observe for development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) , elderly patients ,hepatic or renal impairment (severe),myelosuppression (increased risk in geriatric and female patients; myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary malignancies may occur) , Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis (required for all patients receiving concomitant temozolomide and radiotherapy during the 42-day treatment of glioblastoma multiforme) SBP > 180 mmHg, cerebrovascular disease, known/suspected stroke or TIA, recent GI or GUT bleeding, recent IM injection, elderly > 75 years, low body weight < 60 kg
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Temozolomide 20 mg Capsule
Temodal
In patients with glioblastoma multiforme who fulfill all the following criteria : i. total /near total resection ii. ECOG/WHO performance status 0-2 iii. Age less than 60 years
Phase I : 75mg/m2 daily for 42 days concurrent with radiotherapy. Phase II (Total of 6 cycle): Cycle I 150mg/ m2 once daily for 5/28 days Cycle 2-6 : 200mg/ m2 once daily for 5/28 days
GI disturbances, anorexia, headache, fatigue, alopecia, rash, blurred vision, hearing impairment, dizziness, fe-ver, muscle weakness, aplastic anemia, myelodysplas-tic syndrome, Myeloid leukemia, myelosuppression, neutropenia, opportunistic infection, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pancytopenia
Hypersensitivity to temozolomide or to any of its Valproic acid and other myelosuppressive components , Hypersensitivity to dacarbazine agents , trastuzumab, vaccines
Tenecteplase 10,000 unit (50 mg) Injection
Metalyse
Acute myocardial reinfarction where streptokinase is Less than 60 kg: 30 mg, 60 - 69 kg: 35 mg, 70 - 79 kg: contraindicated due to previous streptokinase induced 40 mg; 80 -90 kg: 45 mg, 90 kg or above: 50 mg. antibodies. [Indicated when antibodies was given Administer single IV bolus over 5-10 seconds more than 5 days and less than 12 months]
Nausea, vomiting, hemorrhage, bleeding, epistaxis, GI & GU bleeding, superficial bleeding, reperfusion arrhythmia, hypotension, allergic reaction, fever
Active internal bleeding, hypersensitivity to tenecteplase, history of cerebrovascular accident, intracranial or intraspinal surgery or trauma within 2 months, intracranial neoplasm, arteriovenous malformation, or aneurysm, known bleeding diathesis, severe uncontrolled hypertension, intracranial aneurysm
Drug that affected coagulation and alter platelet function
Terazosin HCl 1 mg Tablet
Hytrin
Only for treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Not to be used for treatment of hypertension
Carcinoma of the prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia may cause the same symptoms. Initially 1 mg at night, increased in a stepwise fashion Prostate cancer should be ruled out prior to to 2 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg once daily treatment. Dizziness, lightheadedness, orthostatic hypotension, syncope (first-dose effect)
Tachycardia, dizziness, syncope, headache and asthenia
Hypersensitivity to terazosin products or other quinazolines
In patients currently on beta blockers, the first dose response (marked initial drop in blood pressure, particularly on standing) to an alpha-1 adrenergic blocking drug may be exaggerated. Concomitant therapy with ibuprofen and antihypertensive agents has been reported to result in increases in blood pressure and interference with blood pressure control In patients currently on beta blockers, the first dose response (marked initial drop in blood pressure, particularly on standing) to an alpha-1 adrenergic blocking drug may be exaggerated. Concomitant therapy with ibuprofen and antihypertensive agents has been reported to result in increases in blood pressure and interference with blood pressure control In patients currently on beta blockers, the first dose response (marked initial drop in blood pressure, particularly on standing) to an alpha-1 adrenergic blocking drug may be exaggerated. Concomitant therapy with ibuprofen and antihypertensive agents has been reported to result in increases in blood pressure and interference with blood pressure control Induce metabolism (eg, rifampicin) and may be inhibited by drugs which inhibit cytochrome P450 (eg, cimetidine)
Hytrin
Carcinoma of the prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia may cause the same symptoms. Initially 1 mg at night, increased in a stepwise fashion Prostate cancer should be ruled out prior to to 2 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg once daily treatment. Dizziness, lightheadedness, orthostatic hypotension, syncope (first-dose effect)
Hytrin
Carcinoma of the prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia may cause the same symptoms. Initially 1 mg at night, increased in a stepwise fashion Prostate cancer should be ruled out prior to to 2 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg once daily treatment. Dizziness, lightheadedness, orthostatic hypotension, syncope (first-dose effect) Severe liver or renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance less than 50 ml/min or serum creatinine of more than 300 mol/L) should receive a lower dose. Pregnancy and lactation Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, tachyarrhythmias, severe heart failure, unstable diabetes. Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypokalaemia. Monitor serum K levels
Terbinafine HCl 250 mg Tablet
Lamisil
Fungal infections especially onchomycosis caused by 250 mg once daily for 6 weeks for fingernails: 12 dermatophytes weeks for toenails ADULT and CHILD more than 12 years : 1 inhalation 6 hourly. Severe cases : Single dose may be increased Bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and to 3 inhalation. Maximum 12 inhalation/24 hour. other lung diseases where bronchospasm is a CHILD 3-12 year : 1 inhalation 6 hourly. Severe cases complicating factor : Single dose may be increased to 2 inhalation. Maximum 8 inhalation/24 hour Asthma and other conditions associated with reversible airways obstruction
Gastrointestinal symptoms, skin reactions, headache, dizziness, vertigo, lymphocytopenia, Hypersensitivity to terbinafine and visual disturbance Tremor, headache, nausea, tonic muscle cramps, tachycardia and palpitations (reversible within first 1 - 2 week of treatment). Cardiac Thyrotoxicosis arrhythmias, urticaria and exanthema. Sleep and behavioural disturbances Palpitations, tachycardia, increases in ejection fraction, increases in cardiac output have been Hypersensitivity to terbutaline and other reported following subcutaneous terbutaline, sympathomimetic amines tremor and tonic cramp Tremor, tonic cramp and palpitations (reversible Thyrotoxicosis within first 1 - 2 week of treatment)
Terbutaline 0.5 mg/dose Inhalation Powder
-blockers may inhibit bronchodilating effect
Terbutaline Sulphate 0.3 mg/ml Syrup
Bricanyl
Terbutaline Sulphate 0.5 mg/ml Injection
Bricanyl
Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, unstable diabetes, hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic CHILD less than 7 years : 75 mcg/kg 3 times daily, 7 amines, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 15 years : 2.5 mg 2 - 3 times daily hypokalaemia, convulsive disorders and hyperthyroidism SC, IM or slow IV : 250-500 mcg up to 4 times daily. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, unstable Bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and CHILD 2 - 15 years 10mcg/kg to a maximum of 300 diabetes, hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic other lung diseases where broncoconstriction is a mcg. Continuous IV infusion, as a solution containing amines, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, complicating factor 3 - 5 mcg/ml, 1.5 - 5 mcg/minute for 8 - 10 hours; hypokalaemia, convulsive disorders and reduce dose for children hyperthyroidism Asthma and other conditions associated with reversible airways obstruction ADULT : 5 - 10 mg 2 -4 times daily, additional doses may be necessary in severe acute asthma. CHILD up to 3 years : 2 mg, 3 - 6 years : 3 mg, 6 - 8 years : 4 mg, over 8 years : 5 mg 2 - 4 times daily Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, unstable diabetes, hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypokalaemia
Terbutaline Sulphate 10 mg/ml Inhalation Solution
Bricanyl
Tremor, tonic cramp, and palpitations (reversible within first 1 - 2 week of treatment)
Hypersensitivity to terbutaline and other sympathomimetic amines
Terbutaline Sulphate 2.5 mg Tablet
Bricanyl
Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, unstable ADULT: Initially 2.5 mg 3 times daily for 1 - 2 week, diabetes, hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic then up to 5 mg 3 times daily. CHILD less than 7 amines, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, years: 75 mcg/kg 3 times daily, 7 - 15 years: 2.5 mg 2 hypokalaemia, convulsive disorders and 3 times daily hyperthyroidism 2 mg IV bolus over 1 minute. Maintenance: 1 - 2 mg IV Asthma, hypertension, advanced arteriosclerosis, bolus 4 - 6 hourly until bleeding is controlled, up to 24 - coronary insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, renal 36 hours insufficiency
Palpitations, tachycardia, increases in ejection fraction, increases in cardiac output have been Hypersensitivity to terbutaline and other reported following subcutaneous terbutaline, sympathomimetic amines tremor and tonic cramp Fibrinolysis, bradycardia, facial pallor, increased blood pressure and ECG changes, peripheral vasoconstriction, increased intestinal Pregnancy peristalsis, stool urgency and possible stool incontinence, uterine contractions, bronchial constriction
Beta-blockers - inhibit bronchodilating effect. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - increased risk of tachycardia, agitation, or hypomania. Theophylline - decreased theophylline concentrations Beta-blockers - inhibit bronchodilating effect. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - increased risk of tachycardia, agitation or hypomania. Theophylline - decreased theophylline concentrations Beta-blockers : inhibit bronchodilating effect. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors : increased risk of tachycardia, agitation, or hypomania. Theophylline : decreased theophylline concentrations. Beta-blockers - inhibit bronchodilating effect. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - increased risk of tachycardia, agitation or hypomania. Theophylline - decreased theophylline concentrations
Terlipressin 1 mg Injection
Glypressin
Acute oesophageal variceal bleeding
Not known
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Testosterone 250 mg/ml Injection
Testoviron-Depot
Only for treatment of male infertility, protein deficiency during convalescence after surgery and wasting disorder. In women, supplementary therapy of progressive mammary carcinoma
By IM only. Hypogonadism 250 mg every 2-3 weeks. To maintain an adequate androgenic effect 250 mg every 3-6 weeks. Potency disorders 250 mg every 4 weeks. Male climateric disorders: 250 mg every 3-4 weeks. Repeated 6-8 weeks courses at 2-3 months interval
Geriatric patient, healthy males with delayed puberty, benign prostatic hyperthrophy, priapism and or excessive sexual stimulation may develop, oligospermia may occur with prolonged Oedema, signs of virilisation in women, administration or excessive dosage. If severe upper inhibition of spermatogenesis abdominal complaints, liver enlargement or signs of intra abdominal haemorrhage, a liver tumour should be taken into consideration. Development of hypercalcaemia in female patients (stop treatment) Pain, tenderness, erythema at injection site, fever (mild), urticaria, angioedema, muscle stiffness, anaphylaxis reaction, sensitization to repeated injections Local reaction, fever, headache and malaise, brachial (cervical) neuritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, nausea, arthralgia, anaphylaxis, Arthus type urticaria Gastrointestinal upsets, superinfection, hepatic and renal toxicity, photosensitivity. Rarely, neutropenia, haemolytic anaemia, thrombopenia, raised intracranial pressure. May exacerbate existing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Gastrointestinal upsets, superinfection, hepatic and renal toxicity, photosensitivity. Rarely, neutropenia, haemolytic anaemia, thrombopenia, raised intracranial pressure. May exacerbate existing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Not known
Hypersensitivity to testosterone, males with breast carcinoma, androderm therapy has not been evaluated in women and must not be used in women. Testosterone may cause foetal harm. Extensive cardiac, hepatic or renal disease. History of or existing hepatic tumour
An increased risk of cyclosporin toxicity (renal dysfunction, cholestasis, paraesthesias), concurrent use with dicumarol may result in bleeding
Tetanus Immunoglobulin Human 250 Hyper-Tet Units/Vial Injection
Passive immunization against tetanus
Prophylaxis of tetanus: IM 250 units. Treatment of tetanus: IM 30 - 300 units/kg
Known intolerence to blood or blood derivatives
HIV patients
Never administer tetanus toxoid and tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) in same syringe (toxoid will be neutralized), toxoid may be given at a separate site, concomitant administration with Tdependant antigen (Td) may decrease its immune response, especially in individuals with low prevaccination antibody titers Chloramphenicol
Tetanus Toxoid Injection
ATT
Immunization against tetanus infection
0.5 ml at 2 months followed by second dose after 4 weeks and third dose after another 4 weeks. Booster every 10 years ADULT: 250 mg 6 hourly, increased in severe infections to 500 mg every 6 - 8 hours for 1 month or more
Not recommended for children less than 7 years
Hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine, febrile illness or acute infection Hypersensitivity to tetracycline, patients with severe renal impairment, pregnancy, children less than 8 years, premature and newborn infant Hypersensitivity to tetracycline, patients with severe renal impairment, pregnancy, children less than 8 years, premature and newborn infant
Tetracycline HCl 250 mg Capsule
Achromycin
Liver impairment, myasthenia gravis, lactation
Absorption reduced by antacids, milk. Potentiates action of anticoagulants and sulfonylureas
Tetracycline HCl 250 mg Tablet
Achromycin
ADULT: 250 mg 6 hourly, increased in severe infections to 500 mg every 6 - 8 hours up to 3 g daily
Liver impairment, myasthenia gravis, lactation
Absorption reduced by antacids, milk. Potentiates action of anticoagulants and sulfonylureas
Thallous Chloride (Thallium-201) Injection
Used in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, acute myocardial infarction and post-surgical assessment of coronary artery bypass graft patency, muscle As IV infusion perfusion scintigraphy, visualisation of brain and thyroid tumours and metastases
Not known Active peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, cardiac arrhythmias (not including bradyarrhythmias). Patients with migraine headaches may experience an increased frequency of headaches. Patients with congestive heart failure, cor pulmonale, prolonged fever, hypothyroidism, liver disease, sepsis with multiorgan failure and shock may require reduced theophylline dosage. Concomittant medication use which results in reduced theophylline clearance Active peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, cardiac arrhythmias (not including bradyarrhythmias). Patients with migraine headaches may experience an increased frequency of headaches. Patients with congestive heart failure, cor pulmonale, prolonged fever, hypothyroidism, liver disease, sepsis with multiorgan failure and shock may require reduced theophylline dosage. Concomitant medication use which results in reduced theophylline clearance Active peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, cardiac arrhythmias (not including bradyarrhythmias). Patients with migraine headaches may experience an increased frequency of headaches. Patients with congestive heart failure, cor pulmonale, prolonged fever, hypothyroidism, liver disease, sepsis with multiorgan failure and shock may require reduced theophylline dosage. Concommitant medication use which results in reduced theophylline clearance
Pregnancy and lactation
Not known
Theophylline 125 mg Tablet
Nuelin
Reversible airways obstruction, acute severe asthma
ADULT: 125 mg 3 - 4 times daily after food, increased to 250 mg if required. CHILD: 1 - 15 years : 5 mg/kg/dose (up to 600 mg/ day) every 3 - 4 times daily
Tachycardia, palpitations, nausea and other gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, central Hypersensitivity to theophylline nervous system stimulation, insomnia, arrythmias
Azole antifungals, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin: increased risk of theophylline toxicity. Caffeine: increased caffeine level. Halothane: increased risk of arrythmia
Theophylline 250 mg Long Acting Tablet
Nuelin SR
Reversible airways obstruction and acute severe asthma
ADULT: 250 mg 2 times daily. CHILD under 12 years : Up to 10 mg/kg body weight 2 times daily
Azole antifungals, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin: increased risk of theophylline toxicity. Caffeine: increased caffeine level. Halothane: increased risk of arrythmia
Theophylline 80 mg/15 ml Syrup
Nuelin
Reversible airways obstruction and acute severe asthma
ADULT : 125 mg 3 - 4 times daily after food, increased to 250 mg if required. CHILD 1 - 15 years : 5 mg/kg/dose (up to 600 mg/day) every 3 - 4 times per day
Azole antifungals, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin : increased risk of theophylline toxicity. Caffeine : increased caffeine level. Halothane : increased risk of arrythmia
Thiamine HCl 100 mg/ml Injection
i) For the prevention or treatment of Vitamin B1 deficiency syndromes including beri-beri and peripheral neuritis associated with pellagra ii) Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome i) For the prevention or treatment of Vitamin B1 deficiency syndromes including beri-beri and peripheral neuritis associated with pellagra ii) Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome i) For the prevention or treatment of Vitamin B1 deficiency syndromes including beri-beri and peripheral neuritis associated with pellagra ii) Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
i) Mild to chronic deficiency: 10-25 mg daily. Severe deficiency: 200- 300 mg daily ii) 500 mg every 8 hours Use with caution with parenteral route (especially for 2 days, followed by 100 mg 2 times daily until IV) of administration patient can take oral dose i) Mild to chronic deficiency: 10-25 mg daily. Severe deficiency: 200- 300 mg daily ii) 500 mg every 8 hours Not known for 2 days, followed by 100 mg 2 times daily until patient can take oral dose i) Mild to chronic deficiency: 10-25 mg daily. Severe deficiency: 200 - 300 mg daily ii) 500 mg every 8 hours for 2 days, followed by 100 mg 2 times daily until patient can take oral dose
Pain on injection, contact dermatitis, chronic pigmented purpura
Hypersensitivity to thiamine or any component
Thiamine Mononitrate 10 mg Tablet
Contact dermatitis, chronic pigmented purpura, Hypersensitivity to thiamine or any component skin rash, itching
Thiamine Mononitrate 3 mg Tablet
Not known
Contact dermatitis, chronic pigmented purpura, Hypersensitivity to thiamine or any component skin rash, itching
Alkaline solutions, bicarbonates, carbonates, citrates, erythromycin lactobionate, iron salts, methohexital, neutral solutions, alkaline barbiturate solutions (eg phenobarbital, thiopental) Alkaline solutions, bicarbonates, carbonates, citrates, erythromycin lactobionate, iron salts, methohexital, neutral solutions, alkaline barbiturate solutions (eg phenobarbital, thiopental) Alkaline solutions, bicarbonates, carbonates, citrates, erythromycin lactobionate, iron salts, methohexital, neutral solutions, alkaline barbiturate solutions (eg phenobarbital, thiopental)
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
For acute leukaemia and chronic granulocytic leukaemia
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Myelosuppression, mucositis, diarrhoea, hepatotoxicity, transient renal toxicity, nausea and vomiting Cardio-respiratory depression, arrhythmias, coughing, laryngospasm, bronchoconstriction, haemolytic anaemia with renal failure, vasodilation, intracranial pressure changes, hepatotoxicity and erythema, delirium, headache, amnesia, seizures, rash, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, thrombophlebitis, pain at injection site, salivation, shivering Irritant to the gastric mucosa
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to thioguanine. Pregnancy, lactation
Interactions
Thioguanine 40 mg Tablet
Lanvis
Refer to specific protocols. Usually 100 mg/m2 for 5 7 days (acute myeloid leukaemia) or up to 2 weeks (chronic myeloid leukaemia for accelerated/ advanced Renal or hepatic impairment disease). CHILD: 40 - 60 g/m2 daily according to protocol Reduce dose in severe liver disease, cardiovascular disease, elderly, bronchiol asthma, adrenocorticol insufficiency, lactation, renal function impairment, hypotension or shock, neoplastic lesion of lower bowel Not to be swallowed Women with hormone dependent tumours, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorders including thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic processes or a history of these conditions, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding and severe liver disorders. Liver disease. Patients with hypercholesterolaemia and impaired glucose tolerance. Stop tibolone 4 weeks before elective surgery when prolonged immobilisation after surgery is likely Predisposition to bleeding, including gastric or duodenal ulcers. Underlying haematologic disorders. Concomitant oral anticoagulant therapy or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (including aspirin). Liver disease, patients undergoing lumbar puncture or surgical procedure. Ticlopidine should be discontinued if the absolute neutrophil count falls below 1200/mm3 or if the platelet count falls below 80,000/mm3. If possible, ticlopidine should be discontinued 10 to 14 days prior to surgery
Busulphan
Thiopental Sodium 500 mg Injection Pentothal
i) ADULT : For induction 200 - 400 mg. For repeat injection 3 - 5 mg/kg over 10 - 15 seconds until i) General anaesthesia, induction ii) Anticonvulsant for desired depth of anaesthesia is obtained. Not FDA cases resistant to conventional anticonvulsants in the approved for use in pediatric patients ii) 75 - 125 mg ICU IV single dose; for local-anaesthetic induced convulsion: 125 - 250 mg IV over 10 minutes For sore throat and minor mouth inflammation To be gargled 3-4 times daily
Porphyria, status asthmaticus, respiratory failure, shock and fixed cardiac output states, hypersensitivity to barbiturates, undergoing rectal surgery
Alfentanil, hydromorphone, metoclopramide, midazolam, sevoflurane, nalbuphine, pentazocine, propoxyphene, alcohol, succinylcholine, probenecid
Thymol Compound Gargle
Not known
Not known
Tibolone 2.5 mg Tablet
Livial
Complaints resulting from natural or surgical menopause and in cases at high risk for breast carcinomas where general hormone replacement therapy is contraindicated
2.5 - 5mg daily
Endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma (rare), change in body weight, vaginal bleeding, gastrointestinal upsets, changes in liver parameters, increased facial hair growth and pretibial oedema
Hypersensitivity to tibolone, breast cancer (known or suspected), oestrogen-dependent neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, history of Phenytoin, carbamazepine and rifampicin may stroke, arterial disease, thromboembolic enchance the metabolism of tibolone and thus disorders, history of cholestatic jaundice, reduce its activity hepatic tumours (benign or malignant), abnormal vaginal bleeding
Ticlopidine HCl 250 mg Tablet
Ticlid
i) Prevention of thrombotic stroke for patients who are sensitive /intolerant to Acetysalicylic Acid ii) Maintenance of coronary bypass surgery or 250 mg twice daily taken with food angioplasty iii) Maintenance of patency of access in patients on chronic haemodialysis
Minor gastrointestinal disorders. Rarely cutaneous allergic manifestations, thrombocytopenia, cholestatic icterus and or rise in transaminases. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (monitor full blood count weekly initially)
Hypersensitivity to ticlopidine or its components, patients with active bleeding disorders. Any drugs likely to produce coagulation Neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, severe liver impairment
Timolol Maleate 0.5% Eye Drops
Timoptol,timoptolXE,Timo-comod
Elevated intraocular pressure, chronic open angle galucoma
History of atopy or a history of severe anaphylactic Initially, 1 drop of 0.25% 2 times daily, if clinical reaction to a variety of allergens, pregnancy and response is not adequate, 1 drop of 0.5% 2 times daily lactation. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery i) ADULT : 2 g as a single dose for 2 - 3 days. CHILD 3 years and older : 50 mg/kg daily for 3 days ii) If abnormal neurological signs develop, discontinue ADULT : 2 g as a single dose (repeated once if therapy necessary). Sexual partners should be treated concomitantly with the same dose. CHILD 6 years and older : single dose of 1 gram Not for ophthalmic use, avoid contact with eyes, avoid douching, may damage rubber or latex Gently massage into the affected and surrounding contraceptives and additional contraceptive area 1-2 times daily measures are necessary during local administration, lactation, pregnancy Insert nightly on retiring for 3-6 or 14 days Apply 4.6 g intravaginally prior to bedtime as a single dose therapy, therapy may extend to 7 days Diabetes, pregnancy, HIV or AIDS Diabetes, pregnancy, HIV or AIDS Myasthenia gravis, narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, renal impairment, pregnancy, bladder neck obstruction, moderate to severe renal failure Renal impairment, hepatic impairment, major surgery or severe trauma within 3 months, traumatic or protracted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, organ biopsy, recent bleeding including history of gastrointestinal bleeding or genitourinary bleeding, platelet disorder or history of thrombocytopenia; platelet count < 150,000 cells/mm3 Significant bladder outlet obstruction, gastrointestinal obstruction disorders, renal disease, hepatic disease, autonomic neuropathy, hiatus hernia, concomitant treatment with CYP3A4 inhibitors Significant bladder outlet obstruction, gastrointestinal obstruction disorders, renal disease, hepatic disease, autonomic neuropathy, hiatus hernia, concomitant treatment with CYP3A4 inhibitors
Bradycardia, hypotension, confusion, depression, dizziness, fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, dry eye, ocular burning, corneal anaesthesia Neurological disturbances, gastrointestinal disturbances, anorexia and metallic taste, hypersensitivity, leucopenia, headache, tiredness, furry tongue, dark urine, palpitation, drug-induced rash
Bronchial asthma or a history of bronchial asthma, severe COPD, sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure and cardiogenic shock
Cathecolamine-depleting drugs. Concurrent administration of oral or systemic betaadrenergic blockers. Concurrent use of betablockers and digitalis with diltiazem or verapamil may have additive effects in prolonging atrioventricular conduction time. Quinidine
Tinidazole 500 mg Tablet
Fasigyn
i) Amoebiasis ii) Urogenital trichomoniasis and giardiasis
History of blood dyscrasias, patients with active Cholestyramine, cimetidine, cyclosporine, organic neurological disorders, first trimester of disulfiram, fluorouracil, ketoconazole, lithium, pregnancy and lactation phenobarbital, phenytoin, tacrolimus, warfarin,
Tioconazole 1% Cream
Trosyd
Skin fungal infections resistant to antifungal drugs such as miconazole and clotrimazole Vulvovaginal candidiasis Vulvaginal candidiasis
Local irritation, burning, rash, erythema, itching Hypersensitivity to tioconazole and midazole and headache antifungal agents Burning, rash, erythema, itching Burning, rash, erythema, itching Xerostomia, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, rash, cataract, angioedema, tachycardia, urinary retention, angina pectoris, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia Hypersensitivity to tioconazole or miconazole products Hypersensitivity to tioconazole or miconazole products
Not known
Tioconazole 100 mg Vaginal Tablet Tioconazole 6.5% Vaginal Ointment
Gyno-Trosyd Gyno-Trosyd
Not known Not known
Tiotropium Bromide Inhalation 18 mcg Capsules
Spiriva
Long term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm Inhale the contents of one capsule once daily with the and dypsnoea associated with COPD. Tiotropium has handihaler device at the same time of day. Child and usually been added to standard therapy (e.g. inhaled adolescent under 18 years, not recommended steroids, theophylline, albuterol rescue) Unstable angina or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with the following: elevated cardiac markers, refractory chest pain, ST-segment changes and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score 4
Hypersensitivity to tiotropium and its derivatives or any component of the formulation (contains Beta-agonists and other anticholinergics lactose). Not for use as an acute ("Rescue") bronchodilator Abnormal bleeding within 30 days, stroke within 30 days or any history of haemorrhagic stroke, intracranial disease (aneurysm, neoplasm or arteriovenous malformation), severe Drugs that affect haemostasis (eg warfarin) hypertension, haemorrhagic diathesis, increased prothrombin time or INR, thrombocytopenia and breast-feeding Urinary retention, uncontrolled narrow angle Erythromycin, clarithromycin, metoclopramide, glaucoma, toxic megacolon, myasthenia gravis. cisapride Pregnancy and lactation Urinary retention, uncontrolled narrow angle Erythromycin, clarithromycin, metoclopramide, glaucoma, toxic megacolon, myasthenia gravis. cisapride Pregnancy and lactation
Tirofiban HCl 0.25 mg/ml Injection
Aggrastat
By IV infusion, 0.4 mcg/kg/min for 30 minutes, then 0.1 mcg/kg/min for at least 48 hours, maximum 108 hours
Bleeding manifestations, reversible thrombocytopenia, nausea, fever, headache
Tolterodine Tartrate ER 2 mg Capsule
Detrusitol SR
Treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urinary, frequency or urge incontinence
4 mg once daily. May decrease to 2 mg once daily depending on response and tolerability
Mild to moderate antimuscarinic effects, dryness of mouth, dyspepsia, reduced lacrimation Mild to moderate antimuscarinic effects, dryness of mouth, dyspepsia, reduced lacrimation
Tolterodine Tartrate ER 4 mg Capsule
Detrusitol SR
Treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urinary, frequency or urge incontinence
4 mg once daily. May decrease to 2 mg once daily depending on response and tolerability
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
ADULT: 200 - 400 mg/day in 2 divided doses. Maximum 1600 mg/day. CHILD: initial 25 mg (1-3 mg/kg/day), then titrated by 1-3 mg/kg/1-2 weeks in 2 divided doses. Maintenance 5-9 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses ADULT: 200 - 400 mg/day in 2 divided doses. Maximum 1600 mg/day. CHILD: initial 25 mg (1-3 mg/kg/day), then titrated by 1-3 mg/kg/1-2 weeks in 2 divided doses. Maintenance 5-9 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses ADULT: 200 - 400 mg/day in 2 divided doses. Maximum 1600 mg/day. CHILD: initial 25 mg (1-3 mg/kg/day), then titrated by 1-3 mg/kg/1-2 weeks in 2 divided doses. Maintenance 5-9 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses ADULT: 200 - 400 mg/day in 2 divided doses. Maximum 1600 mg/day. CHILD: initial 25 mg (1-3 mg/kg/day), then titrated by 1-3 mg/kg/1-2 weeks in 2 divided doses. Maintenance 5-9 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses ADULT: 200 - 400 mg/day in 2 divided doses. Maximum 1600 mg/day. CHILD: Initial 25 mg (1-3 mg/kg/day), then titrated by 1-3 mg/kg/1-2 weeks in 2 divided doses. Maintenance 5-9 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses
Precautions
Avoid abrupt withdrawal, hepatic or renal impairment, behavioral disorders or cognitive deficit, paraesthesia, predisposition to or history of nephrolithiasis, pregnancy, lactation. Ensure adequate hydration. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Avoid abrupt withdrawal, hepatic or renal impairment, behavioral disorders or cognitive deficit, paraesthesia, predisposition to or history of nephrolithiasis, pregnancy, lactation. Ensure adequate hydration. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Avoid abrupt withdrawal, hepatic or renal impairment, behavioral disorders or cognitive deficit, paraesthesia, predisposition to or history of nephrolithiasis, pregnancy, lactation. Ensure adequate hydration. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Avoid abrupt withdrawal, hepatic or renal impairment, behavioral disorders or cognitive deficit, paraesthesia, predisposition to or history of nephrolithiasis, pregnancy, lactation. Ensure adequate hydration. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Avoid abrupt withdrawal, hepatic or renal impairment, behavioral disorders or cognitive deficit, paraesthesia, predisposition to or history of nephrolithiasis, pregnancy, lactation. Ensure adequate hydration. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Potential for an increase in risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours Impaired biliary or renal function, liver dysfunction (especially cholestasis. Manganese blood levels and liver function should be monitored regularly (monthly). Should be stopped if manganese levels rise into the potentially toxic range
Adverse Reaction
Cognitive dysfunction, sedation, diarrhoea, weight loss, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, confusion, impaired speech, ataxia, drowsiness, fatigue, asthenia, visual disturbances, nystagmus, taste disorder, leucopenia, renal calculi, somnolence and paraesthesia Cognitive dysfunction, sedation, diarrhoea, weight loss, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, confusion, impaired speech, ataxia, drowsiness, fatigue, asthenia, visual disturbances, nystagmus, taste disorder, leucopenia, renal calculi, somnolence and paraesthesia Cognitive dysfunction, sedation, diarrhoea, weight loss, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, confusion, impaired speech, ataxia, drowsiness, fatigue, asthenia, visual disturbances, nystagmus, taste disorder, leucopenia, renal calculi, somnolence and paraesthesia Cognitive dysfunction, sedation, diarrhoea, weight loss, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, confusion, impaired speech, ataxia, drowsiness, fatigue, asthenia, visual disturbances, nystagmus, taste disorder, leucopenia, renal calculi, somnolence and paraesthesia Cognitive dysfunction, sedation, diarrhoea, weight loss, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, confusion, impaired speech, ataxia, drowsiness, fatigue, asthenia, visual disturbances, nystagmus, taste disorder, leucopenia, renal calculi, somnolence and paraesthesia Not known
Contraindications
Interactions
Plasma concentration decreased by phenytoin and carbamazepine. Metabolism of oral contraceptive (oestrogens and progestogens) accelerated (reduced contraceptive effect)
Topiramate 100 mg Tablet
Topamax
Add-on therapy for intractable partial epilepsy
Hypersensitivity to topiramate, breast feeding
Topiramate 15 mg Capsule Sprinkle
Topamax
Topiramate 25 mg Capsule Sprinkle
Topamax
Topamax
Topamax
Trace Elements and Electrolytes (Adult) Solution
Addamel Solution
Only to be used to cover daily loss of electrolyte and trace elements for patient on parenteral nutrition
10 ml added to 500-1000 ml solution, given by IV infusion
Total biliary obstruction. Should not be given undiluted
Not known
Trace Elements and Electrolytes (Paediatric) Solution
Ped-el
Only to be used to cover daily loss of electrolyte and trace elements for patient on parenteral nutrition
According to the needs of the patient. INFANT and CHILD weighing 15 kg or less: Basal requirements of the included trace elements are covered by 1 Impaired or immature biliary. Impaired renal ml/kg/day to a maximum dose of 15 ml. CHILD weighing 15 kg or more, a daily dose of 15 ml, should function. Monitor serum aluminium in neonate meet basic trace element requirements. However, for patients weighing more than 40 kg the adult preparation trace element should be used
Not known
Fructose intolerance. Should not be given undiluted
Not known
Tramadol HCl 100 mg Suppository
Tramal
Post-operative pain, chronic cancer pain, analgesia/pain relief for patients with impaired renal function
100 mg rectally
Reduced level of consciousness, respiratory disorders, increased intracranial pressure, pregnancy, lactation, history of epilepsy. Opiate dependence, hypersensitivity to morphine-like analgesics, children less than 1 year. Myxedema, hypothyroidism or hypoadrenalism. Hepatic or renal function disorders
Sweating, dizziness, vomiting, dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances, cerebral convulsions especially on co-medication with neuroleptics, physical dependence. Rarely, palpitations, tachycardia, faintness, circulatory collapse, headaches, constipation, skin reactions. Very rarely, muscular weakness, altered appetite, micturition disturbances
Amitryptiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, dothiepin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, haloperidol, risperidone, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trifluoperazine: increased risk of seizures. Moclobemide, selegiline: nausea, vomiting, Narcotic withdrawal treatment, hypersensitivity, cardiovascular collapse, respiratory depression, acute alcoholism. Acute intoxication with seizures. Carbamazepine: decreased tramadol alcohol, analgesics, sedatives or psychotropic efficacy. Digoxin: increased risk of digoxin drugs. MAOI therapy toxicity (nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias). Increased incidence of seizures when used with tricyclic antidepressants eg cyclobenzaprine, MAOI, SSRIs, neuroleptic agents and other drugs that lower the seizure threshold Amitryptiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, dothiepin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, haloperidol, risperidone, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trifluoperazine: increased risk of seizures. Moclobemide, selegiline: nausea, vomiting, Narcotic withdrawal treatment, hypersensitivity, cardiovascular collapse, respiratory depression, acute alcoholism. Acute intoxication with seizures. Carbamazepine: decreased tramadol alcohol, analgesics, sedatives or psychotropic efficacy. Digoxin: increased risk of digoxin drugs. MAOI therapy toxicity (nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias). Increased incidence of seizures when used with tricyclic antidepressants eg cyclobenzaprine, MAOI, SSRIs, neuroleptic agents and other drugs that lower the seizure threshold
Tramadol HCl 100 mg/ml Drops
Tramal
Post-operative pain, chronic cancer pain, analgesia/pain relief for patients with impaired renal function.
50 - 100 mg every 4 hours. Max : 400 mg daily. Not recommended in children
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Tramadol HCl 50 mg Capsule
Tramal
Post-operative pain, chronic cancer pain, analgesia/pain relief for patients with impaired renal function
50 - 100 mg every 4 hours. Max 400 mg daily. Not recommended in children
Amitryptiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, dothiepin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, haloperidol, risperidone, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trifluoperazine: increased risk of seizures. Moclobemide, selegiline: nausea, vomiting, Narcotic withdrawal treatment, hypersensitivity, cardiovascular collapse, respiratory depression, acute alcoholism. Acute intoxication with seizures. Carbamazepine: decreased tramadol alcohol, analgesics, sedatives or psychotropic efficacy. Digoxin: increased risk of digoxin drugs. MAOI therapy toxicity (nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias). Increased incidence of seizures when used with tricyclic antidepressants eg cyclobenzaprine, MAOI, SSRIs, neuroleptic agents and other drugs that lower the seizure threshold Amitryptiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, dothiepin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, haloperidol, risperidone, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trifluoperazine: increased risk of seizures. Moclobemide, selegiline: nausea, vomiting, Narcotic withdrawal treatment, hypersensitivity, cardiovascular collapse, respiratory depression, acute alcoholism. Acute intoxication with seizures. Carbamazepine: decreased tramadol alcohol, analgesics, sedatives or psychotropic efficacy. Digoxin: increased risk of digoxin drugs. MAOI therapy toxicity (nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias). Increased incidence of seizures when used with tricyclic antidepressants eg cyclobenzaprine, MAOI, SSRIs, neuroleptic agents and other drugs that lower the seizure threshold Severe renal impairment, thromboembolic disease, intravascular clotting process, disturbance of colour vision, subarachnoid haemorrhage Severe renal impairment, thromboembolic disease, intravascular clotting process, disturbance of colour vision and subarachnoid haemorrhage Hypersensitivity to trastuzumab or foreign proteins (Chinese Hamster Ovary cell proteins or murine protein) or any other product component Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex oral contraceptive, oestrogen, tretinoin
Tramadol HCl 50 mg/ml Injection
Tramal
Post-operative pain, chronic cancer pair and analgesia/pain relief for patients with impaired renal function
Reduced level of consciousness, respiratory disorders, increased intracranial pressure, ADULT: By IM / IV inj. (over 2-3 mins) or by IV pregnancy, lactation, history of epilepsy. Opiate infusion. Initially 100 mg then 50 - 100 mg every 4 - 6 dependence, hypersensitivity to morphine-like hours. Max: 600 mg daily. Child not recommended analgesics, children less than 1 year. Myxedema, hypothyroidism or hypoadrenalism. Hepatic or renal function disorders
Transamin, Tranexamic Acid 100 mg/ml Injection Cyklokapron
Tranexamic Acid 250 mg Capsule
Transamin
Trastuzumab 440 mg Injection
Tretinoin 0.01% Gel
Retin-A
Tretinoin 0.05% Cream
Retin-A
Tretinoin 0.1% Cream
Retin-A
Cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, ADULT: Slow IV 0.5-1 g (10 - 15 mg/kg) 3 times daily. concomitant antifibrinolytic therapy. Concomitant Haemorrhage associated with excessive fibrinolysis Continuous infusion at a rate of 25 - 50 mg/kg daily. therapy with oestrogens or thrombolytics. Renal CHILD: slow IV 10 mg/kg/day 2-3 times daily impairment and transurethral prostatectomy (potential for intravesicular clotting) Cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, ADULT: 1-1.5 g (15-25 mg/kg) 2-4 times daily. CHILD: concomitant antifibrinolytic therapy. Concomitant 25 mg/kg/day 2-3 times daily. Menorrhagia (initiated Haemorrhage associated with excessive fibrinolysis therapy with oestrogens or thrombolytics. Renal when menstruation has started), 1 g 3 times daily for impairment and transurethral prostatectomy up to 4 days; maximum 4 g daily (potential for intravesicular clotting) Cardiac dysfunction, cardiotoxic therapy, infusion Used only in adjuvant setting for patients with HER2 Initial loading dose is 4 mg/kg administered as a 90 reaction, pulmonary toxicity, anaphylaxis, over-expressed breast cancer, that is HER2 3+ by minutes IV infusion. Subsequent doses is 2 mg/kg angioedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome immunohistochemistry and over-expressed by FISH administered as 30 minutes IV infusion weekly for 51 (ARDS), benzyl alcohol hypersensitivity, geriatric, (Fluorescence in situ hybridization) and high risk weeks intrinsic lung disease, extensive tumor involvement group with dyspnoea at rest, neutropenia Exposure to sunlight including sunlamp should be Apply thinly to the affected area once daily or twice minimized. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, angle of Acne vulgaris, recalcitrant cases of acne (comedonal daily. Avoid exposure to sunlight. Duration of the nose and mucous membrane. Eczema, type) treatment: 8-12 weeks is required before any sunburn, pregnancy and lactation. Special caution noticeable response is indicated in cases of simultaneous treatment with other preparations Exposure to sunlight including sunlamp should be Apply thinly to the affected area once daily or twice minimized. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, angle of Acne vulgaris and recalcitrant cases of acne daily. Avoid exposure to sunlight. Duration of the nose and mucous membrane. Eczema, (comedonal type) treatment: 8 - 12 weeks is required before any sunburn, pregnancy and lactation. Special caution noticeable response is indicated in cases of simultaneous treatment with other preparations Exposure to sunlight including sunlamp should be Apply thinly to the affected area once daily or twice minimized. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, angle of Acne vulgaris and recalcitrant cases of acne daily. Avoid exposure to sunlight. Duration of the nose and mucous membrane. Eczema, (comedonal type) treatment: 8 - 12 weeks is required before any sunburn, pregnancy and lactation. Special caution noticeable response is indicated in cases of simultaneous treatment with other preparations Apply a thin layer to affected area 2-4 times daily Tuberculosis, peptic ulcer, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypotension, thrombosis, disturbances in colour vision
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypotension, thrombosis, disturbances in colour vision
Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex, oral contraceptive, oestrogen, tretinoin
Diarrhoea, anaemia, leukopenia, cardiomyopathy, hypersensitivity reaction, nephrotic syndrome, interstitial pneumonia, complication of infusion
Cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, daunorubicin citrate liposome, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, warfarin
Erythema, oedema, blistering, hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation, sensitivity to sunlight
Acute dermatitis, rosacea, hypersensitivity to tretinoin or parabens
Not known
Acute dermatitis, rosacea. Hypersensitivity to tretinoin or parabens
Betamethasone, betamethasone dipropionate, clotrimazole, dexamethasone, fluconazole, hydrocortisone, ketoconazole, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, paclitaxel, prednisolone, tetracycline, tranexamic acid, triamcinolone Betamethasone, betamethasone dipropionate, clotrimazole, dexamethasone, fluconazole, hydrocortisone, ketoconazole, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, paclitaxel, prednisolone, tetracycline, tranexamic acid, triamcinolone Minor interaction with hypoglycaemic agents
Acute dermatitis, rosacea. Hypersensitivity to tretinoin or parabens Hypersensitivity to any of its components, fungal or bacterial infections of the mouth or throat, herpetic lesions of known viral origin or intraoral lesions Systemic fungal infection, unstable or infected joints, lactation
Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% Oral Paste
Kenalog in Orabase Oral and perioral lesions
Prolonged use may lead to possible absorption Local atrophy, post injection flare, pigmentation changes, sodium and fluid retention, peptic ulcer, impaired wound healing, purpura, striae, increased ocular/intracranial pressure with cushingnoid state, growth retardation Local atrophy, post injection flare, pigmentation changes, sodium and fluid retention, peptic ulcer, impaired wound healing, purpura, striae, increased ocular/intracranial pressure with cushingnoid state, growth retardation Hypersensitivity to any component
Triamcinolone Acetonide 10 mg/ml Injection
Kenacort
Inflammation of joints, bursae and tendon sheaths
Intercurrent infection, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, Smaller joints: 2.5 - 5 mg and larger joints: 5 - 15 mg. active or latent tuberculosis, renal insufficiency, Treatment should be limited to 1 mg/injection site to cardiac failure, diabetes, glaucoma, myasthenia prevent cutaneous atrophy gravis, pregnancy Intercurrent infection, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, active or latent tuberculosis, renal insufficiency, cardiac failure, diabetes, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy Avoid contact with eyes
Phenytoin, phenobarbitone, rifampicin, carbamazepine, hypoglycaemics, diuretics, anticholinesterases, salicylates Phenytoin, phenobarbitone, rifampicin, carbamazepine, hypoglycemics, diuretics, anticholinesterases, salicylates Not known
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg/ml Injection Triclosan 2% w/w Emulsion
Kenacort-A
Allergies, dermatoses, rheumatoid arthritis and opthalmic diseases Acne, pimples and minor skin infections
40-80 mg deep into the gluteal muscle
Systemic fungal infection, unstable or infected joints, lactation Hypersensitivity to any component
Phisohex
Use 3-4 times daily when the skin problem is active and daily after the problem has cleared up
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Trifluoperazine HCI 5 mg Tablet
Stelazine
Psychotic disorder
ADULT: Initially 5 mg twice daily, increase by 5 mg after 1 week, then at 3-day intervals. Maximum 40 mg/day. CHILD up to 12 years: Initially up to 5 mg daily in divided doses adjusted to response, age and body weight
Tardive dyskinesias may develop, concomitant lithium therapy (encephalopathic syndrome), may increase anginal pain, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, glaucoma or retinopathy. If affected by drowsiness do not drive or operate machinery. cardiovascular or respiratory disease, phaeochromocytoma, parkinsonism, epilepsy, renal or hepatic impairment, pregnancy and lactation
Seizures, extrapyramidal effects, blood dyscrasias, agranulocytosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, dry mouth, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, tardive dyskinesia, urinary retention, photosensitivity, rash, nausea, tachycardia, dizziness, fatigue, headache, weight gain, jaundice, dystonic reaction in children, sensitivity reactions eg agranulocytosis, leucopenia, leucocytosis and haemolytic anaemia
Tramadol, increased risk of seizures. Lithium, weakness, dyskinesias, increased extrapyramidal symptoms, encephalopathy and brain damage. Procyclidine, decreased phenothiazine serum concentrations and effectiveness, enhanced anticholinergic effects Coma, bone marrow depression, (ileus, hyperpyrexia, sedation, dry mouth). hypersensitivity to trifluoperazine products and Phenytoin, increased or decresed phenytoin other phenothiazines, pre-existing liver damage, levels and possibly reduced phenothiazine central nervous system depression levels. Ethanol, increased central nervous system depression and an increased risk of extrapyramidal reactions. Amphotericins, class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, beta2 agonists, acetazolamide, central alpha2 agonists, systemic corticosteroids, diuretics, MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants Concomitant administration with MAOIs Not known
Trimetazidine 20 mg Tablet
Vastarel
Prophylactic treatment of episodes of angina pectoris 20 mg 3 times daily 35 mg twice daily in the morning and evening with meals ADULT: 200 mg daily in 1 or 2 divided doses or 300 mg daily as a single dose. Acute infection: 200 mg twice daily. CHILD: 6 - 12 years: 100 mg twice daily; 6 months - 5 years: 50 mg twice daily. 6 weeks - 5 months: 25mg twice daily ADULT: 200 mg daily in 1 or 2 divided doses or 300 mg daily as a single dose. Acute infection: 200 mg twice daily. CHILD: 6 - 12 years: 100 mg twice daily; 6 months - 5 years: 50 mg twice daily. 6 weeks - 5 months: 25mg twice daily 5 - 10 mg daily, 2 - 4 hours before exposure to sunlight. To increase pigmentation: 10 mg daily, 2 hours prior to UV irradiation ADULT and CHILD more than 12 year : 10 ml. CHILD 6 - 12 years : 5 ml, 2 - 5 years : 2.5 ml, 6 months to less than 2 years : 1.25 ml. Doses to be taken twice daily or three times daily. Not FDA approved in children less than 6 years old ADULT 2.5 mg every 4 - 6 hours; maximum dose 10 mg/day. CHILD 6 - 12 years : 1.25 mg every 4 - 6 hours; maximum dose 5 mg/day, 2 - 4 years : 0.625 mg every 4 - 6 hours; maximum dose 2.5 mg/day, 4 6 years : 0.938 mg every 4 - 6 hours; maximum dose 3.744 mg/day, 4 months - 2 years : 0.313 mg every 46 hours; maximum dose 1.25 mg/day. Not FDA approved in children less than 6 years old ADULT and CHILD more than 12 years : 10 ml. CHILD 6 - 12 years : 5 ml, 2 - 5 years : 2.5 ml, 2 months - 2 years : 1.25 ml. Doses to be taken 3 times daily. Not FDA approved in children less than 6 years old
Pregnancy especially first trimester, unstable Gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea and angina, hypertension, renal or hepatic insufficiency vomiting Pregnancy especially first trimester, unstable Gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea and angina, hypertension, renal or hepatic insufficiency vomiting
Trimetazidine 35 mg MR Tablet
Vastarel MR
Prophylactic treatment of episodes of angina pectoris
Concomitant administration with MAOIs
Not known Increased effect, toxicity or levels of phenytoin, increased myelosuppression with methotrexate, may increase levels of digoxin Increased effect, toxicity or levels of phenytoin, increased myelosuppression with methotrexate, may increase levels of digoxin
Trimethoprim 100 mg Tablet
Alprim
Treatment of urinary tract infections due to susceptible pathogens
Rash, pruritus, exfoliative dermatitis, nausea, Renal/hepatic impairment, folate deficiency, elderly Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or any vomiting, anorexia, and infrequent hematologic and malnourished patients or with possible folate component, megaloblastic anaemia due to reactions (thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and deficiency folate deficiency megaloblastic anaemia) with chronic high dose Rash, pruritus, exfoliative dermatitis, nausea, Renal/hepatic impairment, folate deficiency, elderly Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or any vomiting, anorexia, and infrequent hematologic and malnourished patients or with possible folate component, megaloblastic anaemia due to reactions (thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and deficiency folate deficiency megaloblastic anaemia) with chronic high dose Overdose and or overexposure may result in serious burning and blistering Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, elevated intraocular pressure, prostatic enlargement, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prostatic hypertrophy, pyloric obstruction, stenosing peptic ulcer and avoid operating vehicles and machinery Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, elevated intraocular pressure, prostatic enlargement, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prostatic hypertrophy, pyloric obstruction, stenosing peptic ulcer. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, elevated intraocular pressure, prostatic enlargement, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prostatic hypertrophy, pyloric obstruction, stenosing peptic ulcer. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery Prostatic carcinoma patients with impending spinal cord compression or severe urinary tract disorders, exacerbation of premenstrual syndrome, renal insufficiency. Bone loss during long-term therapy in women with endometriosis or uterine leiomyoma Individuals susceptible to belladona alkaloids, inflammed eyes, pregnancy, children, elderly. Infants and children, may cause central nervous system disturbances Renal insufficiency Gastrointestinal discomfort, severe sunburn (high dose), phototoxicity
Trimethoprim 300 mg Tablet
Alprim
Treatment of urinary tract infections due to susceptible pathogens
Trioxsalen 5 mg Tablet
Trisoralen
Vitiligo
Porphyria, concomitant photosensitizing drugs, Concurrent use of trioxsalen and furocoumarin children 12 years and under, leukoderma of foods may result in severe burns infection, acute lupus erythematosus Antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, decongestants, appetite suppressants, amphetamine-like psychostimulant, other sympathomimetics
Triprolidine HCl 1.25 mg and Pseudoephedrine HCl 30 mg per 5 ml Syrup
Actifed
Decongestion of the upper respiratory tract in common cold, hay fever, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis and sinusitis
Drowsiness, sleep disturbances, skin rashes, dryness of nose, mouth and throat, hypotension or hypertension, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea, Angle-closure glaucoma, hypersensitivity to vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal triprolidine products, neonates pain, wheezing, tightness of chest, impotence, blurred vision, urinary retention Drowsiness, sleep disturbances, skin rashes, dryness of nose, mouth and throat, hypotension or hypertension, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea, Angle-closure glaucoma, hypersensitivity to vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal triprolidine products, neonates pain, wheezing, tightness of chest, impotence, blurred vision, urinary retention Drowsiness, sleep disturbances, skin rashes, dryness of nose, mouth and throat, hypotension or hypertension, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea, Angle-closure glaucoma, hypersensitivity to vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal triprolidine products, neonates pain, wheezing, tightness of chest, impotence, blurred vision, urinary retention Palpitations, headache, sleep disturbances, tiredness, emotional lability, tremors and dizziness. In men, hot flushes, impotence, loss of libido, rarely gynaecomastia. Depot injection causes increased enzyme activity and thrombophlebitis. Breakthrough bleeding in women Increased intraocular pressure, dryness of mouth, transient stinging, allergic reactions, tachycardia, headache, parasympathetics stimulation, blurred vision, photosensitivity Thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, hypotension, thromboembolism, fever, nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxicity, anaphylaxis
Triprolidine HCl 2.5 mg and Pseudoephedrine HCl 60 mg Tablet
Actifed
Decongestion of the upper respiratory tract in common cold, hay fever, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis and aerotitis
Antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, decongestants, appetite suppresants, amphetamine-like psychostimulant, other sympatomimetics
Triprolidine HCl, Pseudoephedrine HCl and Dextromethorphan Linctus
Actifed Comp
Unproductive cough accompanied by congestion of the upper respiratory tract including congestion with an allergic component
Antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, decongestants, appetite suppresants, amphetamine-like psychostimulant, other sympatomimetics
Triptorelin 3.75 mg Injection
Decapeptyl
Treatment of confirmed central precocious puberty (preterm sexual development) in girls under 9 years, boys under 10 years of age
3.75 mg IM injection every 4 weeks. Period of treatment should not exceed 6 months
Hypersensitivity reaction, pregnancy, hormoneindependent prostate carcinoma, clinically Not Known manisfest osteoporosis or risk of osteoporosis Antimuscarinic effects potentiated by concomitant use of amantadine, tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazine and butyrophenones and antihistamines Heparin, succinylcholine
Tropicamide 1% Eye Drops
Mydriacyl
Topical use to produce cycloplegic refraction for diagnostic purposes
Primary glaucoma or a tendency toward glaucoma. Sensitivity to tropicamide Patient with thromboembolic disease requiring anticoagulant therapy
Trypsin & Chymotrypsin 5000 units/vial Injection
Chymar
As an adjunct in the management of acute inflammation of traumatic or surgical origin, reduction 5000 units IM 1-3 times daily of viscosity of mucous/ sputum in upper respiratory disease
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Sensitivity to tuberculin may be diminished in the following conditions: viral or severe bacterial infection including HIV infection and severe tuberculosis, neoplastic disease particularly lymphoma, sarcoidosis, corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy, recent administration of live virus vaccines, ultraviolet light treatment, chronic renal failure and malnutrition. Tuberculins may be adsorbed onto the surface of syringes and should therefore be administered immediately. Tuberculin skin tests should not generally be administered to known tuberculin reactors because of the risk of a severe reaction at the test site
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Tuberculine PPD Injection
Tuberculine
For routine Mantoux (tuberculin sensitivity) test
10 units is injected intradermally
Pain and pruritus may occur at the injection site, occasionally with vesiculation, ulceration or necrosis in highly sensitive persons. If given to patients with tuberculosis a severe reaction may occur. Granuloma has been reported. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, to tuberculins have been reported rarely
Subcutaneous injection, hypersensitivity to tuberculin purified protein derivative, previous severe reaction (e.g. Vesiculation, ulceration, necrosis)
Corticosteroid, immunosuppressive therapy, live virus vaccines
Typhoid Vaccine Capsule
Vivotif Berna
Active immunization against typhoid fever in adult and ADULT and CHILD 6 years of age or older, 1 capsule Pregnancy child 6 years of age or older on days 1, 3 and 5 0.5 ml single IM injection into the deltoid or vastus Thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorders, acute Active immunization against typhoid fever in adult and lateralis, may reimmunize with 0.5 ml IM every 2 years febrile illness, children less than 2 years, child more than 2 years if needed immunocompromised patients
Typhoid Vaccine Injection
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rarely diarrhea, headache, fever, hypersensitivity reaction including rarely anaphylaxis Redness, pain and swelling at injection site. Fever, headache, general aches, malaise, nausea and itching. Very rarely, allergic reactions including anaphylactoid reactions
Congenital or acquired immunodeficient state, acute febrile illness, acute gastro-intestinal illness Acute febrile or gastrointestinal illness, hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine, immunodeficiency, pregnancy and lactation
Immunosuppressive, immune globulins & blood products, sulfonamides & certain antibiotics, mefloquine Chemotherapeutic agents
Urofollitropin 150 IU Injection
Folliova
Stimulation of follicular growth in infertile women
To be individualized. 75 IU-150 IU daily and maybe increased or decreased by up to 75 IU/day at 7 or 14 day intervals if necessary
Swelling, injection site reaction, rash, electrolyte imbalance, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, pain, breast tenderness, cyst of Gynaecologic and endocrinologic evaluation before ovary, hypertrophy of ovary, fever, initiation of therapy, ovarian enlargement risk, thromboembolic disorder, ectopic pregnancy, potential for multiple births, risk of ovarian ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Torsion of hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) ovary, related to ovarian enlargement, disorder of respiratory system, atelectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome Swelling, injection site reaction, rash, electrolyte imbalance, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, pain, breast tenderness, cyst of Gynaecologic and endocrinologic evaluation before ovary, hypertrophy of ovary, fever, initiation of therapy, ovarian enlargement risk, thromboembolic disorder, ectopic pregnancy, potential for multiple births, risk of ovarian ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Torsion of hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) ovary, related to ovarian enlargement, disorder of respiratory system, atelectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome Surgery within 10 days. Intra arterial diagnostic procedure within 10 days. Ulcerative wounds. Recent trauma with possibility of internal injuries. Pregnancy and the first 10 days of the postpartum period. Ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis or an active bleeding lesion of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract
Abnormal bleeding, hypersensitivity to urofollitropin, infertility of etiology other than anovulation, organic intracranial lesion, ovarian Not known cysts/ enlargement of undetermined origin, pregnancy, primary ovarian failure, uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal failure
Urofollitropin 75 IU Injection
Folliova
Stimulation of follicular growth in infertile women
To be individualized. 75 IU-150 IU daily and maybe increased or decreased by up to 75 IU/day at 7 or 14 day intervals if necessary
Abnormal bleeding, hypersensitivity to urofollitropin, infertility of etiology other than anovulation, organic intracranial lesion, ovarian Not known cysts/ enlargement of undetermined origin, pregnancy, primary ovarian failure, uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal failure
Urokinase 6000 IU Injection
Urokinase
Treatment of thromboembolic disease such as mycocardial infarction, peripheral artery occlusion, pulmonary embolism, retinal artery thrombosis and other ophthalmologic use
ADULT: Acute pulmonary embolism: IV loading dose 4400 iu/kg over 10 mins, maintenance 4400 iu/kg/hour for 12 hours. Peripheral vascular occlusion: infuse 2500 iu/ml into clot at a rate of 4000 iu/min for 2 hours. This may be repeated up to 4 times. Hyphaema: 5000 IU in 2 ml saline solution is injected and withdrawn repeatedly over the iris. If residual clot remains, leave 0.3ml in the anterior chambers for 2448 hours to facilitate futher dissolution
Bleeding, hypotension, epistaxis, bronchospasm
Hypersensitivity to urokinase products, cerebrovascular accident, internal bleeding, surgery or trauma within 10 days
Heparin, oral anticoagulants
Ursodeoxycholic Acid 250 mg Capsule
Ursofalk
10-15 mg/kg daily in 2 to 4 divided doses usually for 3 Cholestatic liver diseases (eg. primary biliary cirrhosis, months to 2 years. If there is no decrease in stone primary cholangitis etc) size after 18 months, further treatment seems not to be useful
Hepatic enzymes (alanine and aspartate transaminase) should be monitored upon the initiation of therapy and thereafter as indicated by the particular clinical circumstances Risk of hypotension in sodium and or volume depleted patients, renal artery stenosis, renal and liver disease, disturbance of serum electrolyte balance. Caution when driving or operating machinery Volume depletion, unilateral renal artery stenosis, monitor serum potassium concentrations, severe heart failure, aortic or mitral valve stenosis, coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, elderly, severe renal impairment, biliary cirrhosis or obstruction. Combination of ACE inhibitor, -blocker may impair ability to drive or operate machinery, pregnancy, lactation Risk of hypotension in sodium and or volume depleted patients, renal artery stenosis, renal and liver disease, disturbance of serum electrolyte balance. Caution when driving or operating machinery
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, gallstone calcification, pruritus, pulpy stools
Radio-opaque stones, pregnancy, nonfunctioning gall bladder, chronic liver disease, peptic ulceration, inflammatory diseases and other conditions of the small intestine, colon and liver which interfere with enterohepatic circulation of bile salts
Absorption decreased by cholestyramine, colestipol or aluminium hydroxide containing antacids. Should not be used with drugs such as oestrogenic hormones that increase bile cholesterol Concomitant treatment with potassium sparing diuretics or potassium supplements may increase serum potassium levels. Caution if combined with other antihypertensives or lithium (serum lithium monitoring)
Valsartan 160 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg Tablet
Co-Diovan
1 tablet once daily
Pregnancy, lactation, severe hepatic Headache, dizziness, fatigue, hypokalaemia, impairment, biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis, hyperuricaemia and other electrolyte imbalance, anuria, severe renal impairment. Refractory orthostatic hypotension and increased lipids hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercalcaemia and symptomatic hyperuricaemia Headache, dizziness, viral infection, neutropenia, upper respiratory tract infection, hyperkalaemia, cough, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, back pain, fatigue, asthenia, oedema, syncope, rhinitis, sinusitis, nausea, pharyngitis and arthralgia
Valsartan 160 mg Tablet
Diovan
Patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors because of cough, in i) Hypertension ii) Heart failure iii) Post myocardial infarction
i) 80 or 160 mg once daily. May be increased to 320 mg once daily. ii) 40 mg twice daily. Uptitration to 80 mg and 160 mg twice daily. Max: 320 mg in divided doses. iii) 20 mg twice daily. Uptitration to max of 160 mg twice daily.
Hypersensitivity to valsartan products
Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, cimetidine, co-trimoxazole, ACE inhibitors, phenobarbital, ketoconazole
Valsartan 80 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Tablet
Co-Diovan
1 tablet once daily
Pregnancy, lactation, severe hepatic Headache, dizziness, fatigue, hypokalaemia, impairment, biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis, hyperuricaemia and other electrolyte imbalance, anuria, severe renal impairment. Refractory orthostatic hypotension and increased lipids hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercalcaemia and symptomatic hyperuricaemia
Concomitant treatment with potassium sparing diuretics or potassium supplements may increase serum potassium levels. Caution if combined with other antihypertensives or lithium (serum lithium monitoring)
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Volume depletion, unilateral renal artery stenosis, monitor serum potassium concentrations, severe heart failure, aortic or mitral valve stenosis, coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, elderly, severe renal impairment, biliary cirrhosis or obstruction. Combination of ACE inhibitor, -blocker may impair ability to drive or operate machinery, pregnancy, lactation
Adverse Reaction
Headache, dizziness, viral infection, neutropenia, upper respiratory tract infection, hyperkalaemia, cough, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, back pain, fatigue, asthenia, oedema, syncope, rhinitis, sinusitis, nausea, pharyngitis and arthralgia
Contraindications
Interactions
Valsartan 80 mg Tablet
Diovan
Patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors because of cough, in i) Hypertension ii) Heart failure iii) Post myocardial infarction
i) 80 or 160 mg once daily. May be increased to 320 mg once daily. ii) 40 mg twice daily. Uptitration to 80 mg and 160mg twice daily. Max: 320 mg in divided doses. iii) 20 mg twice daily increased over several weeks to 160mg twice daily if tolerated.
Hypersensitivity to valsartan products
Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, cimetidine, co-trimoxazole, ACE inhibitors, phenobarbital, ketoconazole
Vancomycin HCl 500 mg Injection
Vancocin
Slow IV infusion, ADULT: 500 mg over at least 60 minutes every 6 hours or 1 g over at least 100 minutes every 12 hours. NEONATE up to 1 week, 15 mg/kg Rapid infusion-related reactions. Hearing loss, Only for the treatment of MRSA and CAPD peritonitis initially, then 10 mg/kg every 12 hours. INFANT 1 - 4 renal impairment, pregnancy and lactation weeks, 15 mg/kg initially then 10 mg/kg every 8 hours. CHILD over 1 month, 10 mg/kg every 6 hours Serious neuropsychiatric symptoms, severe renal impairment, smoking cessation may alter the 0.5 mg once daily for days 1 through 3, then 0.5 mg pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of some twice daily for days 4 through 7, then 1 mg twice daily; drugs including theophylline, warfarin and insulin, duration of treatment is 12 weeks intolerable nausea; dose reduction should be considered Serious neuropsychiatric symptoms, severe renal impairment, smoking cessation may alter the 0.5 mg once daily for days 1 through 3, then 0.5 mg pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of some twice daily for days 4 through 7, then 1 mg twice daily; drugs including theophylline, warfarin and insulin, duration of treatment is 12 weeks intolerable nausea; dose reduction should be considered
Thrombophlebitis, febrile reactions with rigor during administration, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, Known hypersensitivity to this antibiotic nausea and vomitting
Increased risk of ototoxicity with loop diuretics, aminoglycosides. Increased risk of nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides and cephalosporins
Varenicline Tartrate 0.5 mg Tablet
Champix
Smoking cessation treatment
Constipation, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, dream disorder, headache, insomnia, psychiatric disorders (depression), suicidal thoughts Constipation, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, dream disorder, headache, insomnia, psychiatric disorders (depression), suicidal thoughts
Hypersensitivity to varenicline or any other product component
Cimetidine, insulin, theophylline, warfarin, transdermal nicotine
Varenicline Tartrate 1 mg Tablet
Champix
Smoking cessation treatment
Hypersensitivity to varenicline or any other product component
Cimetidine, insulin, theophylline, warfarin, transdermal nicotine
Varicella Virus Vaccine Live Attenuated Injection
Okavax, varivax, varilrix
i) Health staff working with children, pregnant women, transplant, cancer and immunocompromised patients who are at high risk of contacting varicella and transmitting it to at risk patients ii) Transplant patients or candidates who are: a) Immunocompetent and not receiving immunosuppressant drugs, do not have graft versus host disease 2 years or more after transplant b) Susceptible to Varicella-Zoster virus at least 3 weeks before grafting iii) Children: a) with impaired humoral immunity b) HIV-infected children more than 12 months of age, in CDC class N1 (asymptomatic) or A1 (mildly symptomatic) with age specific CD4 more than 25% c) with conditions that require systemic steroid therapy less than 2 mg/kg body weight or a total of 20 mg/day of prednisolone or ADULT and CHILD 13 years or more: 2 doses of 0.5 its equivalent. [Those receiving high doses of ml SC injection separated by 4 - 8 weeks apart. CHILD systemic steroids at 2 mg/kg body weight or more of 12 months - 12 years: 0.5ml SC as a single dose prednisolone for more than 2 weeks may be vaccinated after steroid therapy has been discontinued for at least three months] iv) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with negative history of varicella who:- a) are 12 months to 17 years of age b) have leukemia in remission for at least 12 months c) have a peripheral blood lymphocyte count 700 cells/ mm3 or more. [If platelet count of greater 100,000/mm3 within 24 hours of vaccination are not being submitted to radiotherapy. Chemotherapy should be withheld for seven days before and after immunisation] v) Susceptible subjects in clinical trials who will be submitted for chemotherapy vi) Children and susceptible patients on chronic dialysis
Discontinue maintenance chemotherapy equal or less than 1 week prior to injection and recommence therapy after equal or more than 1 week after injection. Malignant solid tumours, women of childbearing potential should practise adequate contraceptive measures 1 month prior to vaccination and 2 month after vaccination. Cardiovascular, kidney, liver, haematological or Fever, rash, urticaria, erythema, pruritus. developmental abnormalities. History of seizures, Rarely, local reaction, anaphylactoid symptoms diagnosed immunodeficiency states, abnormal immune system function. Concomitant immunosupressive therapy. Vaccine may not effective in patients receiving blood or gammaglobulin preparation within 3 month prior to vaccination. Other live viral vaccines should only be given equal or more than 4 weeks after Okavax
Reinforcement therapy for leukaemia or extensive therapy using strong immunosuppressives. Acute myelogenous leukaemia or malignant lymphoma
Transfusion and administration of gammaglobulin preparations: The vaccine may not be effective in those receiving blood or gammaglobulin preparation within 3 month before vaccination. Vaccination of such individuals should be delayed until equal or more than 3 months has elapsed. For those receiving high dose gamma-globulin therapy, ie equal or more than 200 mg/kg, eg patients with Kawasaki disease or acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), vaccination should be delayed until equal or more than 6 months has elapsed. If gamma-globulin is administered within 14 days after administration of the vaccine, the vaccine may not be effective. Such individuals should be re-vaccinated equal or more than 3 months after the initial vaccination. Other live vaccine preparations: Those receiving other live vaccines, eg oral polio, measles, mumps, rubella, BCG or yellow fever vaccine, are advised to wait until equal or more than 4 weeks has elapsed before being vaccinated. Incompatibilities: The vaccine should not be mixed with other vaccines or medications in the same syringe
Vasopressin 20 units/ml Injection
Pitressin
i) 5 - 20 units SC or IM every 4 hours ii) 20 units in Heart failure, migraine, epilepsy, asthma or other i) Pituitary diabetes insipidus ii) Oesophageal variceal 100 - 200 ml 5% dextrose saline over 15 minutes as conditions which might be exacerbated by fluid bleeding infusion which may be repeated after at intervals of 1 retention, renal impairment. Avoid fluid overload 2 hours. Maximum: 4 doses
Vecuronium Bromide 10 mg/10 ml Injection
Norcuron
As an adjunct in anaesthesia to produce skeletal muscle relaxation
ADULT: 80 - 100 mcg/kg IV. Maintenance 20 - 30 mcg/kg acording to response. NEONATE and INFANT up to 4 months: Initially 10 - 20 mcg/kg, then incremental dose to achieve response
Neuromuscular disease, severe obesity, after poliomyelitis. Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, acidosis. Renal insufficiency and liver disorders. Myasthenia gravis, Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Pallor, nausea, belching, abdominal cramps, hypersensitivity reaction, sweating, urticaria, Hypersensitivity to vasopressin, vascular Carbamazepine, chlorpropamide, clofibrate, gangrene, arrhythmias, angina and disease especially coronary artery disease, urea, fludrocortisone, tricyclic antidepressants, bronchoconstriction, anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest chronic nephritis and pregnancy (3rd trimester) noradrenaline, lithium, heparin and alcohol or shock Increased effect by anaesthesia, nondepolarising muscle relaxants, prior administration of suxamethonium, aminoglycoside and polypeptide antibiotics, diuretics, beta-adrenergic blockers, thiamine, Known former anaphylactic reactions to Anaphylactic reactions (rare) MAOIs, quinidine, protamine, imidazole, vecuronium or bromide ion metronidazole, alpha-adrenergic blockers. Decreased effect by neostigmine, corticosteroids, noradrenaline, theophylline, azathioprine, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, edrophonium
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Vecuronium Bromide 4 mg/ml Injection
Norcuron
As an adjunct in anaesthesia to produce skeletal muscle relaxation
Venlafaxine HCl 150 mg Extended Release Capsule
Efexor XR
i) Depression ii) Generalized anxiety disorder iii) Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) iv) Panic disorder
Increased effect by anaesthesia, nondepolarising muscle relaxants, prior administration of suxamethonium, aminoglycoside and polypeptide antibiotics, ADULT: 80 - 100 mcg/kg IV. Maintenance 20 - 30 Neuromuscular disease, severe obesity, after diuretics, beta-adrenergic blockers, thiamine, mcg/kg acording to response. NEONATE and INFANT poliomyelitis. Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, Known former anaphylactic reactions to Anaphylactic reactions (rare) MAOIs, quinidine, protamine, imidazole, up to 4 months: Initially 10 - 20 mcg/kg, then acidosis. Renal insufficiency and liver disorders. vecuronium or bromide ion metronidazole, alpha-adrenergic blockers. incremental dose to achieve response Myasthenia gravis, Eaton-Lambert syndrome Decreased effect by neostigmine, corticosteroids, noradrenaline, theophylline, azathioprine, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, edrophonium Abnormal ejaculation, anorgasmia, impotence, Clozapine, dexfenfluramine, droperidol, Activation of mania/hypomania, changes in appetite anorexia, constipation, weight loss, diarrhoea, fenfluramine, haloperidol, linezolid, lithium, i), ii) & iii) ADULT: 75 mg once daily. May increase or weight, glaucoma, history of seizure, dyspepsia, anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, metoclopramide, moclobemide, NSAIDs, dose by 75 mg/day every 4 days to a maximum dose hyponatraemia, syndrome of inappropriate Recent or concomitant use of MAOIs, risk of nervousness, somnolence, tremor, asthenia, procarbazine, selegiline, thioridazine, tramadol, of 225 mg/day iv) 37.5 mg/day for the first 4-7 days antidiuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH), patients potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome abnormal bleeding, activation of mania, suicide trifluoperazine, amoxicillin, aspirin, celecoxib after which the dose should be increased to 75 mg with recent myocardial infarction or unstable heart hypersensitivity to venlafaxine hydrochloride or ideation, hepatitis, hypertension, ,diclofenac, etoricoxib, ginkgo, NSAIDs, jujube once daily. CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 years disease, sustained hypertension, suicidal ideation, any other component of the product hyponatraemia, seizures, sweating symptom, ,ketoprofen, ketorolac, mefenamic acid, not recommended lactation, elderly, renal and liver function nausea, dream disorder, headache, blurred meloxicam, mirtazapine, phenylbutazone, impairment, avoid abrupt discontinuation vision procarbazine, sulindac, zolpidem Activation of mania/hypomania, changes in appetite or weight, glaucoma, history of seizure, hyponatraemia, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH), patients with recent myocardial infarction or unstable heart disease, sustained hypertension, suicidal ideation, lactation, elderly, renal and liver function impairment, avoid abrupt discontinuation Abnormal ejaculation, anorgasmia, impotence, anorexia, constipation, weight loss, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, nervousness, somnolence, tremor, asthenia, abnormal bleeding, activation of mania, suicide ideation, hepatitis, hypertension, hyponatraemia, seizures, sweating symptom, nausea, dream disorder, headache, blurred vision Clozapine, dexfenfluramine, droperidol, fenfluramine, haloperidol, linezolid, lithium, metoclopramide, moclobemide, NSAIDs, Recent or concomitant use of MAOIs, risk of procarbazine, selegiline, thioridazine, tramadol, potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome trifluoperazine, amoxicillin, aspirin, celecoxib hypersensitivity to venlafaxine hydrochloride or ,diclofenac, etoricoxib, ginkgo, NSAIDs, jujube any other component of the product ,ketoprofen, ketorolac, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, mirtazapine, phenylbutazone, procarbazine, sulindac, zolpidem
Venlafaxine HCl 75 mg Extended Release Capsule
Efexor XR
i) Depression ii) Generalized anxiety disorder iii) Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) iv) Panic disorder
i), ii) & iii) ADULT: 75 mg once daily. May increase dose by 75 mg/day every 4 days to a maximum dose of 225 mg/day iv) 37.5 mg/day for the first 4-7 days after which the dose should be increased to 75 mg once daily. CHILD and ADOLESCENT under 18 years not recommended
Verapamil HCl 40 mg Tablet
Isoptin
Verapamil HCl 5 mg/2 ml Injection
Isoptin
Vinblastine Sulphate 10 mg Injection Velbe
Vincristine Sulphate 1 mg Injection
Oncovin
Vinorelbine 10 mg Injection
Navelbine
Vinorelbine 50 mg Injection
Navelbine
Constipation, dizziness, nausea or vertigo, headache, hypotension, ankle oedema, flushing, fatigue, nervousness, paraesthesia, First degree AV block, bradycardia, hypotension. bradycardiac arrhythmias, dyspnoea, raised May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. prolactin levels, single cases of galactorrhoea, i) Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVT) ADULT: 40 - 80 mg 3-4 times daily. In oral long term Pregnancy, lactation. Severe hepatic impairment. myalgia, arthralgia, allergic skin reactions, prophylaxis ii) angina therapy, max: 480 mg daily Slows down markedly the elimination of alcohol and purpura, photosensitisation dermatitis, prolongs the duration of alcohol gynaecomastia, reversible increase in transaminases and or alkaline phosphatase, gingival hyperplasia, tachycardia, palpitations, impotence, tinnitus, tremor, heart failure Constipation, dizziness, nausea or vertigo, headache, hypotension, ankle oedema, flushing, fatigue, nervousness, paraesthesia, bradycardiac arrhythmias, dyspnoea, raised Cardiac failure, complicated acute myocardial prolactin levels, single cases of galactorrhoea, 5 mg by slow IV. The dose can be repeated after 5 Supraventricular tachycardia infarction, atrial fibrillation with Wolff-Parkinsonmyalgia, arthralgia, allergic skin reactions, 10 mins. Recommended max. total dose : 15 mg White syndrome, hepatic impairment purpura, photosensitisation dermatitis, gynaecomastia, reversible increase in transaminases and or alkaline phosphatase, gingival hyperplasia, tachycardia, palpitations, impotence, tinnitus, tremor, heart failure Intrathecal administration can be fatal. Should not ADULT: Lung cancer - 6 mg/m2 (maximum 10 mg) on be injected into an extremity with impaired Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, Hodgkin's disease, choriocarcinoma resistant to other Day 1. Hodgkin's disease- refer to protocol. CHILD: circulation. Patients carefully monitored for infection generalized fatigue, constipation, alopecia, chemotherapeutic agents, non-small cell lung cancer, Usual weekly dose: 6 mg/m2 weekly or 3 weekly until white cell count has return to normal levels if dermatitis, vesicant, neurotoxicity, syndrome of Langerhans cell histiocytosis depending on protocol inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone leukopenia with less than 2000 white blood cells per mm3 occurs following dose Sensorimotor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy (severe constipation, ileus, urinary i) ADULT: 1.4 mg/m2 weekly (maximum 2 mg weekly) retention and incontinence), cranial nerve ii) Refer to protocol iii) 1.4 mg/m2 weekly (maximum 2 dysfunction (hoarseness, diplopia, facial i) Solid tumours ii) Gestational trophoblastic disease Pre-existing neuropathy or neuromuscular disease. mg weekly) iv) 0.4 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion on weakness), myelosuppression, alopecia. iii) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma iv) Multiple myeloma v) Dose adjustment needed if impaired liver function, days 1 - 4 v) Refer to protocol. CHILD: 1 mg/m2 to 2 Vesicant, rash, abdominal pain, SIADH, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia elderly patients. Avoid extravasation mg/m2 weekly according to protocol (0.05 mg/kg for hypersensitivity, pain in jaws, bone, limb or infants less than 10kg) parotid gland, depression, confusion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, myelosupression usually mild Myelosuppression, granulocytopenia, peripheral Pre-existing myelosuppression, neuropathy, liver or i) First line treatment in non-small cell lung cancer in Strictly IV 25 - 30 mg/m2 diluted in saline solution, neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, renal insufficiency. Extravasation causing local combination with cisplatin/ifosfomide ii) Metastatic infused over 6 - 10 minutes, administered weekly or alopecia. Diminished marrow reserve, tissue necrosis and or thrombophlebitis. Intrathecal breast cancer day 1, 8 every 3 weeks constipation, paralytic ileus, elevation of liver administration can be fatal enzymes, fatigue Myelosuppression, granulocytopenia, peripheral Pre-existing myelosuppression, neuropathy, liver or i) First line treatment in non-small cell lung cancer in Strictly IV 25 - 30 mg/m2 diluted in saline solution, neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, renal insufficiency. Extravasation causing local combination with cisplatin/ifosfomide ii) Metastatic infused over 6 - 10 minutes, administered weekly or alopecia. Diminished marrow reserve, tissue necrosis and or thrombophlebitis. Intrathecal breast cancer day 1, 8 every 3 weeks constipation, paralytic ileus, elevation of liver administration can be fatal enzymes, fatigue
Cardiovascular shock, complicated acute myocardial shock, severe conduction disorders (2nd and 3rd degree AV block, SA block), sick sinus syndrome, heart failure, atrial fibrillation/flutter and simultaneous preexcitation syndrome, myasthenia gravis
Increased risk of myocardial depression with beta-blockers or inhalation anaesthetic. May increase plasma digoxin concentration and plasma cyclosporin concentration
Effects enhanced by beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics or inhalation anaesthetic. May Marked bradycardia, sick-sinus syndrome. 2nd intensify effects of other antihypertensives. or 3rd degree AV block. Chronic heart failure, Lithium (attenuated by verapamil, enhanced cardiogenic shock. Pregnancy neurotoxicity). Increases plasma level of cyclosporin, theophylline, digoxin, carbamazepine
Hypersensitivity to vinblastine. Pregnancy, lactation. Leukopenia, presence of bacterial infection
Mitomycin C, phenytoin. Drugs which inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, voriconazole, itraconazole
Hypersensitivity to vincristine. Pregnancy, lactation, Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. Fatal if given intrathecally. NOT FOR INTRATHECAL USE
If used together with L-asparaginase, Lasparaginase should be given 12-24 hours after vincristine injection. Digoxin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, methotrexate, nifedipine, etoposide, isoniazid, melphalan, metronidazole, verapamil, phenytoin
Hypersensitivity to vinorelbine, granulocytopenia, pregnancy, lactation
Cisplatin, mitomycin C, voriconazole, itraconazole
Hypersensitivity to vinorelbine, granulocytopenia, pregnancy, lactation
Cisplatin, mitomycin C, voriconazole, itraconazole
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Persons with hypervitaminosis A, oral preparations are not indicated for treating Vitamin A deficiency in persons with malabsorption syndromes etiologic for this deficiency, hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, hypersensitivity to vitamin A, vitamin D toxicity and hypersensitivity Persons with hypervitaminosis A, oral preparations are not indicated for treating vitamin A deficiency in persons with malabsorption syndromes etiologic for this deficiency, hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, hypersensitivity to vitamin A, vitamin D toxicity and hypersensitivity
Interactions
Vitamin A & D (Cod Liver Oil)
Prevention of ricketts
Not more than 10 ml daily, allowance being made for Vitamin D obtained from other sources
Vitamin A & D Concentrate 25,000 units/0.6ml Liquid
Prevention of ricketts
0.06 - 0.6ml (2,500-25,000 IU of Vitamin A and 2502,500 IU of D) daily, allowance being made for A and D obtained from other sources
Hypercalcaemia, nephrotoxicity, nausea, vomiting, constipation, anaemia, polydipsia, Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor polyuria, hypoprothrombinaemia, seizures, plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage drowsiness, irritability, headache, insomnia, titration, pregnancy, patient with arteriosclerosis, somnolence, severe depression, psychosis and heart disease or renal stones chronic liver damage, gingivitis, hepatotoxicity, alopecia, osteoporosis Hypercalcaemia, nephrotoxicity, nausea, vomiting, constipation, anaemia, polydipsia, Take care to ensure correct dose to infants, monitor polyuria, hypoprothrombinaemia, seizures, plasma calcium and creatinine during dosage drowsiness, irritability, headache, insomnia, titration, pregnancy, patient with arteriosclerosis, somnolence, severe depression, psychosis and heart disease or renal stones chronic liver damage, gingivitis, hepatotoxicity, alopecia, osteoporosis Pregnancy Not for treatment of pernicious anaemia or other megaloblastic anaemias where vitamin B12 is deficient Not for treatment of pernicious anaemia or other megaloblastic anaemias where vitamin B12 is deficient Photolysis. Repeated injection at the same site should be avoided. Care should be exercised when administering to neonates, premature infants, infants and children. The course of nerves should be avoided for the site of injection. If the patient complaints of pain or if blood reflux occurs when the needle is stuck, withdraw it immediately and try at a different site Discontinue medication if there is no response after taking orally for several months Not known
Phenobarbital, phenytoin, anticoagulants, cholestyramine, minocycline, thiazides and related diuretics
Phenobarbital, phenytoin, anticoagulants, cholestyramine, minocycline, thiazides and related diuretics
Vitamin A 50,000 IU Capsule
Children with measles malnutrition and serious infections. Category C can use this drug for Orang Asli and in Sabah Prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B deficiency
i) 0-5 months, 50,000 IU ii) 6-11 months, 100,000 IU iii) 1-5 years, 200,000 IU. Frequency twice daily
Massive overdose can cause rough skin, dry hair, enlarge liver and raised erythrocyte Hypersensitivity to Vitamin A, hypervitaminosis sedimentation rate and raised serum calcium A, pregnancy (dose exceeding RDA) and serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations Risk of anaphylactic shock. Allergy to cobalamins, megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy Peripheral neuropathies (long term administration of large doses of pyridoxine) Allergy to cobalamins, megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy Allergy to cobalamins, megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy
Cholestyramine decreases absorption of vitamin A, retinoids may have additive adverse effects, neomycin and mineral oil may also interfere with vitamin A absorption Pyridoxine reduces the effect of levodopa
Vitamin B Complex 10 ml Injection
1-2 ml daily by IM
Vitamin B Complex Tablet
Prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B deficiency
1-2 tablets daily
Pyridoxine reduces the effect of levodopa
Vitamin B1, B6, B12 Injection
Neurobion
For deficiency or raised requirement of Vitamin B1, B6, B12
Mild cases: 1 ampoule given by IM 2-3 times weekly. Severe cases: 1 ampoule daily
Pain and induration at site of injection, headache, sweating or hot sensation
Not known
High vitamin B6 dose decreases action of Levodopa
Vitamin B1, B6, B12 Tablet Vitamin C 10% Eye Drops Vitamin E, B12, B6, Nicotinamide Tablet
Neurobion -
For deficiency or raised requirement of Vitamin B1, B6, B12 For all types of severe chemical corneal burns especially acid and alkali burns
1 - 3 tablets 3 times daily swallowed unchewed 1 to 4 times daily depending on severity of case
Anorexia, nausea or diarrhoea, skin rash and hypersensitivity Not known Thrombophlebitis, anorexia, nausea or diarrhoea, skin rash and hypersensitivity Anaphylactic reactions during intravenous administration, dermatitis at injection site, haemolytic anaemia
Patients treated with levodopa Hypersensitivity to vitamin C products
High vitamin B6 dose decreases action of Levodopa Not known High vitamin B6 dose decreases action of Levodopa, anticoagulants, cholestyramine
Fundamin-E
To improve appetite and growth. Neurasthenia, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, radiation sickness 1 - 2 tablet daily and neuritis due to isoniazid therapy and alcoholism
Vitamin K deficiency, necrotizing enterocolitis IV or IM administration only when necessary (risk of anaphylaxis). Hypersensitivity reactions possible even at first administration. The anticoagulant action of heparin not counteracted by phytomenadione Vitamin K IV or IM administration only when necessary (risk of anaphylaxis). Hypersensitivity reactions possible even at first administration. The anticoagulant action of heparin not counteracted by phytomenadione Vitamin K. Reduce dose in elderly, liver impairment
Hypersensitivity to drug or any components
Vitamin K1 1 mg/ml Injection
Konakion
Vitamin K deficiency in neonates
1 mg given by IM or IV
Hypersensitivity to Vitamin K, menadione (K3) administration in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Decreases the effects of oral anticoagulants, fatty foods
Vitamin K1 10 mg/ml Injection
Konakion
Haemorrhage associated with hypoprothrombinaemia 0.5 - 20 mg by very slow IV at a rate not exceeding 1 caused by overdose of anticoagulants mg per minute
Anaphylactic reactions during intravenous administration, dermatitis at injection site, haemolytic anaemia
Vitamin K1 Mixed Micelle 2 mg/0.2 ml Konakion Injection
Prevention of bleeding in neonates
Healthy neonate 2 mg orally at birth or soon after followed by 2 mg at 4 - 7 days. Exclusively breastfed baby, in addition, 2 mg orally at monthly intervals until end of breastfeeding period. Neonate at special risk, 1 mg IM/IV at birth or soon after if oral route is not suitable. Treatment: 1 mg IV initially. Further doses depend on clinical picture and coagulation status
IV or IM administration only when necessary (risk of anaphylaxis). Hypersensitivity reactions possible even at first administration. The anticoagulant Anaphylactic reactions during intravenous action of heparin not counteracted by administration, dermatitis at injection site, phytomenadione Vit. K. Parenteral administration in haemolytic anaemia neonate less than 2.5 kg increased risk of kernicterus Peripheral oedema, rash, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, disease of liver, headache, visual disturbance, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactoid reaction, renal failure, jaundice, blood dyscrasias
Voriconazole 200 mg Injection
Vfend
Voriconazole 200 mg Tablet
Vfend
Voriconazole 50 mg Tablet
Vfend
i) Treatment of immunocompromised patients with progressive, possibly life-threatening infections such as invasive aspergillosis, fluconazole-resistant serious invasive candidiasis, candidiasis of the oesophagus, serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium species and Fusarium species ii)Prevention of breakthrough fungal infections in febrile high-risk neutropenic patients i) Treatment of immunocompromised patients with progressive, possibly life-threatening infections such as invasive aspergillosis, fluconazole-resistant serious invasive candidiasis, candidiasis of the oesophagus, serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium species and Fusarium species ii) Prevention of breakthrough fungal infections in febrile high-risk neutropenic patients i) Treatment of immunocompromised patients with progressive, possibly life-threatening infections such as invasive aspergillosis, fluconazole-resistant serious invasive candidiasis, candidiasis of the oesophagus, serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium species and Fusarium species ii) Prevention of breakthrough fungal infections in febrile high-risk neutropenic patients
Electrolyte disturbance, cardiomyopathy, bradycardia, symptomatic arrhythmias, history of Loading dose: 6 mg/kg 12 hourly for first 24 hours. QT interval prolongation. Avoid exposure to Maintenance :i) 4 mg/kg 12 hourly ii) 3 mg/kg 12 sunlight, monitor liver function before treatment and hourly. Dose may be increased to 4 mg/kg 12 hourly if during treatment, haematological malignancy, response is inadequate pregnancy (ensure effective contraception during treatment) ADULT and CHILDREN 12 years and greater and over 40 kg: Loading dose: 400 mg 12 hourly for first 24 hours. Maintenance: 200 - 300 mg 12 hourly. Less than 40 kg: Loading dose: 200 mg 12 hourly for first 24 hours. Maintenance: 100 - 150 mg 12 hourly Electrolyte disturbance, cardiomyopathy, bradycardia, symptomatic arrhythmias, history of QT interval prolongation. Avoid exposure to sunlight, monitor liver function before treatment and during treatment, haematological malignancy, pregnancy (ensure effective contraception during treatment) Electrolyte disturbance, cardiomyopathy, bradycardia, symptomatic arrhythmias, history of QT interval prolongation. Avoid exposure to sunlight, monitor liver function before treatment and during treatment, haematological malignancy, pregnancy (ensure effective contraception during treatment)
Alprazolam, bromazepam, clarithromycin, clonazepam, cyclosporine, diazepam, Co-administration of terfenadine, astemizole, phenytoin, tacrolimus, warfarin, sulfonylureas, quinidine, sirolimus, rifampicin, carbamazepine, statins, benzodiazepines, omeprazole, HIV phenobarbitone, efavirenz, ergotamine, protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse dihydroergotamine transcriptase inhibitors, other CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 substrates Alprazolam, bromazepam, clarithromycin, clonazepam, cyclosporine, diazepam, Co-administration of terfenadine, astemizole, phenytoin, tacrolimus, warfarin, sulfonylureas, quinidine, sirolimus, rifampicin, carbamazepine, statins, benzodiazepines, omeprazole, HIV phenobarbitone, efavirenz, ergotamine, protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse dihydroergotamine transcriptase inhibitors, other CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 substrates Alprazolam, bromazepam, clarithromycin, clonazepam, cyclosporine, diazepam, Co-administration of terfenadine, astemizole, phenytoin, tacrolimus, warfarin, sulfonylureas, quinidine, sirolimus, rifampicin, carbamazepine, statins, benzodiazepines, omeprazole, HIV phenobarbitone, efavirenz, ergotamine, protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse dihydroergotamine transcriptase inhibitors, other CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 substrates
Peripheral oedema, rash, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, disease of liver, headache, visual disturbance, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactoid reaction, renal failure, jaundice, blood dyscrasias
ADULT and CHILDREN 12 years and greater and over 40 kg: Loading dose: 400 mg 12 hourly for first 24 hours. Maintenance: 200 - 300 mg 12 hourly. Less than 40 kg: Loading dose: 200 mg 12 hourly for first 24 hours. Maintenance: 100 - 150 mg 12 hourly
Peripheral oedema, rash, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, disease of liver, headache, visual disturbance, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactoid reaction, renal failure, jaundice, blood dyscrasias
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Severe to moderate hepatic or renal insufficiency, concomitant use of antiplatelet drugs or drugs with ulcerogenic activity. Surgery and dental extraction, congestive heart failure. Concurrent use with thrombolytic drugs, known or suspected protein C deficiency. Moderate to severe hypertension, severe diabetes, severe allergic or anaphylactic disorders. Patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may have a substantially altered response to warfarin. Avoid concurrent use with herbal medicines and limit Vitamin K rich vegetables Severe to moderate hepatic or renal insufficiency, concomitant use of antiplatelet drugs or drugs with ulcerogenic activity. Surgery and dental extraction, congestive heart failure. Concurrent use with thrombolytic drugs, known or suspected protein C deficiency. Moderate to severe hypertension, severe diabetes, severe allergic or anaphylactic disorders. Patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may have a substantially altered response to warfarin. Avoid concurrent use with herbal medicines and limit Vitamin K rich vegetables Severe to moderate hepatic or renal insufficiency, concomitant use of antiplatelet drugs or drugs with ulcerogenic activity. Surgery and dental extraction, congestive heart failure. Concurrent use with thrombolytic drugs, known or suspected protein C deficiency. Moderate to severe hypertension, severe diabetes, severe allergic or anaphylactic disorders. Patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may have a substantially altered response to warfarin. Avoid concurrent use with herbal medicines and limit Vitamin K rich vegetables Severe to moderate hepatic or renal insufficiency, concomitant use of antiplatelet drugs or drugs with ulcerogenic activity. Surgery and dental extraction, congestive heart failure. Concurrent use with thrombolytic drugs, known or suspected protein C deficiency. Moderate-severe hypertension, severe diabetes, severe allergic or anaphylactic disorders. Patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may have a substantially altered response to warfarin. Avoid concurrent use with herbal medicines and limit Vitamin K rich vegetables The stability of any medicament prepared should be checked Do not use if allergic to any of the ingredients
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Warfarin Sodium 1 mg Tablet
Coumadin
Treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic disorders
Initially 10 mg daily for 2 days. Maintenance dose, 3-9 mg daily according to the INR (taken at the same time each day)
Haemorrhage, alopecia, fever, gastrointestinal disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, `purple Haemorrhagic tendencies, pregnancy, blood toes'. Occasionally skin necrosis (obese elderly dyscrasias, hypersensitivity to warfarin products patients), jaundice, hepatic dysfunction, nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis
Activity potentiated by cimetidine, clofibrate, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, quinidine, phenylbutazone, sulfonamides, amiodarone, rifampicin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, azole antifungals, metronidazole. Drugs which may increase risk of bleeding including aspirin, NSAIDs, dipyridamole, clopidrogel, ticlopidine
Coumadin
Initially 10 mg daily for 2 days. Maintenance dose, 3-9 mg daily according to the INR (taken at the same time each day)
Coumadin
Initially 10 mg daily for 2 days. Maintenance dose, 310 mg daily according to the INR (taken at the same time each day)
Coumadin
Initially 10 mg daily for 2 days. Maintenance dose, 310 mg daily according to the INR (taken at the same time each day)
Water for Injection White Petroleum Anhydrous Liquid Landin, Mineral Oil Eye Ointment
As a diluent and vehicle for the administration of According to the needs of the patient medications Duratears Naturale Keeping the eye lubricated and comfortable during the Apply a small amount into the eye Ocular night i) 200 mg 3 times/day or 300 mg twice daily until start of labor. During labour, by IV infusion initially 2 mg/kg over 1 hour followed by continuous IV infusion at 1 mg/kg/hr until delivery ii) 2 mg/kg orally every 6 hours within 12 hours after birth. If unable to receive oral To reduce the rate of maternal-foetal transmission of dose: FULL TERM: 1.5 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours, HIV in: i) HIV-positive pregnant women over 14 weeks INFANTS 30 weeks and less than 35 weeks gestation of gestation ii) Their newborn infants at birth: 1.5 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours; at 2 weeks of age, advance to 1.5 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours, INFANTS less than 30 weeks gestation at birth: 1.5 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours; at 4 weeks of age, advance to 1.5 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours
Not known Temporary visual disturbance
Not known Hypersensitivity
Not known Not known
Zidovudine 1% Injection
Retrovir
Monitor carefully haematological parameters. If anaemia or myelosuppression occurs dose adjustments are suggested. Patients with preexisting bone marrow compromise. Pregnancy and lactation
Anaemia, neutropenia, leucopenia, nausea, headache, rash, abdominal pain, fever, myalgia, paraesthesia, vomiting, insomnia and anorexia. Asthenia, malaise, somnolence, diarrhoea, Abnormally low neutrophil cell count (less than dizziness, sweating, dyspnoea, dyspepsia, 0.75 x 109L) or abnormally low Hb levels (less flatulence, bad taste, chest pain, loss of mental than 7.5 g/dL) acuity, anxiety, urinary frequency, depression, generalised pain, chills, cough, urticaria, pruritus and flu-like syndrome
Chronic paracetamol use, potentially nephrotoxic or myelosuppressive drugs, probenecid
Zidovudine 10 mg/ml Syrup
Retrovir
i) Management of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic (early or advanced) HIV infections with CD4 cell counts less than 500 cu. mm. ii) Neonatal prophylaxis
i) ADULT: 500 - 600 mg/day in 2 - 3 divided doses. CHILD more than 3 months: 360 - 480 mg/m2 daily in 3 - 4 divided doses; maximum 200 mg every 6 hours ii) 2 mg/kg 6 hourly within 12 hours after birth up to 6 weeks
Anaemia, neutropenia, leucopenia, nausea, headache, rash, abdominal pain, fever, myalgia, paraesthesia, vomiting, insomnia and anorexia. Asthenia, malaise, somnolence, diarrhoea, Abnormally low neutrophil cell count (less than Chronic paracetamol use, potentially dizziness, sweating, dyspnoea, dyspepsia, 0.75 x 109/L) or abnormally low Hb levels (less nephrotoxic or myelosuppressive drugs, flatulence, bad taste, chest pain, loss of mental than 7.5 g/dL) probenecid acuity, anxiety, urinary frequency, depression, generalised pain, chills, cough, urticaria, pruritus and flu-like syndrome
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Zidovudine 100 mg Capsule
Retrovir
i) Management of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic (early or advanced) HIV infections with CD4 cell counts less than 500 cu. mm ii) Neonatal prophylaxis
Anaemia, neutropenia, leucopenia, nausea, headache, rash, abdominal pain, fever, myalgia, i) Adult: 500 - 600 mg/day in 2 - 3 divided doses. Child Monitor carefully haematological parameters. If paraesthesia, vomiting, insomnia and anorexia, more than 3 months: 360 - 480 mg/m2 daily in 3 - 4 anaemia or myelosuppression occurs dose asthenia, malaise, somnolence, diarrhoea, Abnormally low neutrophil cell count (less than Chronic paracetamol use, potentially divided doses; maximum 200 mg every 6 hours ii) 2 adjustments are suggested. Patients with predizziness, sweating, dyspnoea, dyspepsia, 0.75 x 109/L) or abnormally low Hb levels (less nephrotoxic or myelosuppressive drugs, mg/kg 6 hourly within 12 hours after birth up to 6 existing bone marrow compromise. Pregnancy and flatulence, bad taste, chest pain, loss of mental than 7.5 g/dL) probenecid weeks lactation acuity, anxiety, urinary frequency, depression, generalised pain, chills, cough, urticaria, pruritus and flu-like syndrome Advanced cirrhotic liver disease due to chronic hepatitis B infection. Severe hepatic or renal impairment. Monitor haematological parameters Headache, malaise, fatigue, gastrointestinal Hypersensitivity, patients with abnormally low effects, upper abdominal pain, fever, rash, neutrophil counts or abnormally low pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, leucopenia, haemoglobin levels neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia Trimethoprim, phenytoin, paracetamol, aspirin, codeine, morphine, indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, oxazepam, lorazepam, cimetidine, clofibrate, dapsone and isoprinosine, potentially nephrotoxic or myelosuppressive drugs, ribavirin
Zidovudine 300 mg & Lamivudine 150 mg Tablet
Combivir
HIV infection in combination with at least one other antiretroviral drug
ADULT and CHILD over 12 years: 1 tablet twice daily
Zidovudine 300 mg Tablet
Retrovir
i) Management of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic (early or advanced) HIV infections with CD4 cell counts < 500 cu. mm ii) HIV positive pregnant mothers
Adult: 500 - 600 mg daily in 2 - 3 divided doses
Anaemia, neutropenia, leucopenia, nausea, headache, rash, abdominal pain, fever, myalgia, paraesthesia, vomiting, insomnia and anorexia, asthenia, malaise, somnolence, diarrhoea, Abnormally low neutrophil cell count (less than Chronic paracetamol use, potentially dizziness, sweating, dyspnoea, dyspepsia, 0.75 x 109/L) or abnormally low Hb levels (less nephrotoxic or myelosuppressive drugs, flatulence, bad taste, chest pain, loss of mental than 7.5 g/dL) probenecid acuity, anxiety, urinary frequency, depression, generalised pain, chills, cough, urticaria, pruritus and flu-like syndrome Weeping dermatoses Not known
Zinc Oxide Cream
Skin protective in various skin conditions such as nappy rash, eczema and problem skin Skin protective in various skin conditions such as nappy rash and eczema
Apply 3 times daily or as required
Zinc Oxide Ointment
Apply 3 times daily or as required
Ziprasidone 20 mg/ml Injection
Zeldox
Acute agitation in schizophrenia
Zoledronic Acid 4 mg Injection
Zometa
i) Treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy ii) Prevention of skeletal related events in patients with multiple myeloma involving multiple bone lesions
QT-interval prolongation, recent myocardial QT-interval prolongation, neuroleptic malignant ADULT: Initially 10 mg (every 2 hour) or 20 mg (every Injection site pain, asthenia, headache, infarction, uncompensated heart failure, cardiac syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, cardiovascular 4 hour). Maximum: 40 mg/day. IM administration more hypertension, postural hypertension, diarrhoea, arrhythmias requiring treatment with Class IA disease, blood pressure, seizures, central nervous than 3 days has not been studied nausea, somnolence, dizziness, akathisia and III antiarrhythmic drugs, drugs that prolong system drugs/alcohol, pregnancy, lactation QT interval Alopecia, dermatitis, hypokalaemia, Assess hydration status prior to administration. hyperkalaemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, Monitor serum electrolytes and creatinine. Evaluate hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, serum creatinine prior to each administration. If shivering, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, renal function has deteriorated, the dose should be vomiting, arthralgia, bone pain, myalgia, withheld. Not recomended in patients with bone headache, paraesthesia, upper tract infection, metastases with severe renal impairment (serum cough, dyspnoea, upper respiratory infection, creatinine greater than 3.0 mg/dl) Severe renal or 4 mg reconstituted and should be given as a 15 anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, Hypersensitivity to zoledronic acid or other hepatic impairment. Patients should be advised to minutes IV infusion every 3-4 weeks nephrotoxicity, aseptic necrosis of bone and jaw bisphosphonates, pregnancy, lactation inform the dentist during treatment and if dental , pleural effusion. Rise in body temp, flu-like surgery is foreseen. Caution is advised when syndrome, elevation of serum creatinine, renal bisphosphonates are administered with impairment, conjunctivitis. Hypersensitivity aminoglycosides or other potentially nephrotoxic reactions, hypertension, shortness of breath, drugs, since these agents may have an additive dizziness, sleeping disturbances, effect, resulting in a lower serum calcium level for gastrointestinal reactions, loss of appetite, local longer periods than required reactions at infusion site, rash, pruritus Depression, drug or alcohol abuse, hepatic impairment, avoid prolonged use in elderly, lactation, renal impairment, abrupt discontinuation, central nervous system effects, drowsiness, hallucination Previous hypersensitivity to other neuroleptic agents, particularly thioxanthenes, fluphenazine, and perphenazine. Hepatic or renal disease or cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, breastfeeding, epileptic or parkinsonian patients or organic brain syndrome. Patients on long-term therapy should be monitored carefully. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Previous hypersensitivity to other neuroleptic agents, particularly thioxanthenes, fluphenazine and perphenazine. Hepatic or renal disease or cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, breastfeeding, epileptic or parkinsonian patients or organic brain syndrome. Patients on long-term therapy should be monitored carefully. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Previous hypersensitivity to other neuroleptic agents, particularly thioxanthenes, fluphenazine and perphenazine. Hepatic or renal disease or cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, breastfeeding, epileptic or parkinsonian patients or organic brain syndrome. Patients on long-term therapy should be monitored carefully. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery Obstructive sleep apnoea, acute pulmonary Nausea, dizziness, dependence, vertigo, insufficiency, respiratory depression, headache, drowsiness, myalgias, dyspepsia, myasthenia gravis, severe hepatic impairment, dry mouth, lethargy, flu-like symptoms, psychotic illness, pregnancy, breastfeeding, depression, constipation, ataxia, hallucinations hypersensitivity Extrapyramidal syndrome, drowsines, anticholinergic effect, tachycardia, postural hypotension, dizziness, tardive dyskinesia, urinary retention, disturbed accommodation, tachycardia Severe central nervous system depression, coma, blood dyscrasias, phaeocromocytoma. Previous hypersensitivity to zuclopenthixol or clopenthixol. Comatose states, acute alcohol, barbiturate and opiate intoxication. Pregnancy
Hypersensitivity to any component. Avoid contact with eyes. Not to be applied over deep or puncture Hypersensitivity to any component wounds, infections or lacerations Hypersensitivity to any component. Avoid contact with eyes. Not to be applied over deep or puncture Hypersensitivity to any component wounds, infections or lacerations
Weeping dermatoses
Not known Class IA and III antiarrhythmics, drugs that prolong QT interval, central nervous system drugs/alcohol
Aminoglycosides, other potentially nephrotoxic drugs, thalidomide
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablet
Stilnox
For treatment of insomnia
10mg initially at bedtime. In ELDERLY, 5 mg initially
Alcohol, analgesics, antidepressants, anticoagulants, sedating antihistamines, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, central alpha 2 agonists, ethanol, opiate agonists/antagonists, itraconazole, sertraline, rifampicin, ritonavir, venlafaxine
Zuclopenthixol 20 mg/ml Drops
Clopixol
Only for psychoses with insight or compliance
Initial: 20-30 mg/day in 2-3 divided doses. Maximum 150 mg daily. Usual maintenance dose 20 mg - 50 mg daily. Elderly (or debilitated), initially quarter to half adult dose. CHILD not recommended. Oral: Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride: usual maintenance dose: 20-40 mg/day; maximum daily dose: 100 mg 50 - 150 mg repeated after 2 - 3 days if necessary. Additional dose may be needed 1 - 2 days after the first injection. Maximum cumulative dose 400 mg per course and maximum 4 injections; maximum duration of treatment 2 weeks. Change to oral dose 2 - 3 days after the last injection. Child not recommended 50 - 150 mg repeated after 2 - 3 days if necessary. Additional dose may be needed 1 - 2 days after the first injection. Maximum cumulative dose 400 mg per course and maximum 4 injections; maximum duration of treatment 2 weeks. Change to oral dose 2 - 3 days after the last injection. Child not recommended
Alcohol, barbiturates and central nervous system depressant, tricyclic antidepressant, metoclopramide - increased effect
Zuclopenthixol Acetate 100 mg/2 ml Injection
Only for treatment of agitated and violent patients Clopixol - Acuphase suffering from schizophrenia who are not responding to the available standard drugs
Extrapyramidal syndrome, drowsines, anticholinergic effect, tachycardia, postural hypotension, dizziness, tardive dyskinesia, urinary retention, disturbed accommodation, tachycardia
Severe central nervous system depression, coma, blood dyscrasias, phaeocromocytoma. Previous hypersensitivity to zuclopenthixol or clopenthixol. Comatose states, acute alcohol, barbiturate and opiate intoxication. Pregnancy
Zuclopenthixol Acetate 50 mg/ml Injection
Only for treatment of agitated and violent patients Clopixol - Acuphase suffering from schizophrenia who are not responding to the available standard drugs
Extrapyramidal syndrome, drowsines, anticholinergic effect, tachycardia, postural hypotension, dizziness, tardive dyskinesia, urinary retention, disturbed accommodation, tachycardia
Severe central nervous system depression, coma, blood dyscrasias, phaeocromocytoma. Previous hypersensitivity to zuclopenthixol or clopenthixol. Comatose states, acute alcohol, barbiturate and opiate intoxication. Pregnancy
Generic Name
Trade Name
Indications
Dosage Form
Precautions
Adverse Reaction
Contraindications
Interactions
Zuclopenthixol Decanoate 200 mg/ml Clopixol Depot Injection
Only for treatment of agitated and violent patients suffering from schizophrenia who are not responding to the available standard drugs
Previous hypersensitivity to other neuroleptic agents, particularly thioxanthenes, fluphenazine By deep IM injection test dose 100 mg followed after 7 and perphenazine, Hepatic or renal disease or - 28 days by 100 - 200 mg or more followed by 200 cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, breastfeeding, 400 mg at intervals of 2 - 4 weeks adjusted according epileptic or parkinsonian patients or organic brain to response. Maximum 600 mg weekly. Child not syndrome. Patients on long-term therapy should be recommended monitored carefully. May affect ability to drive or operate machinery
Extrapyramidal syndrome, drowsines, anticholinergic effect, tachycardia, postural hypotension, dizziness, tardive dyskinesia, urinary retention, disturbed accommodation
Severe central nervous system depression, blood dyscrasias, phaeocromocytoma. Previous Alcohol, barbiturates and central nervous hypersensitivity to zuclopenthixol or system depressant, tricyclic antidepressant, clopenthixol. Comatose states, acute alcohol, metoclopramide - increased effect barbiturate and opiate intoxication. Pregnancy

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Thank you my student Syahrir bin Zaini (Pharmacy UIA) for the list.

His site can be visited at www.rahsiafarmasi.com

To search, press Ctrl-F

Ibrahim Abdullah - http://sir-ib.blogspot.com

Acetazolamide 250 mg Tablet

250 - 500 mg daily

Aspirin, cyclosporin, digitalis , digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, quinidine, topiramate

Acetazolamide 500 mg Injection

250 - 500 mg given by IM or IV

Aspirin, cyclosporin, digitalis, digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, quinidine, topiramate

Acetylcysteine 200 mg/ml Injection

Antidote for paracetamol poisoning

Hypersensitivity to acetylcysteine products

Acetylsalicylic Acid 100 mg, Glycine 45 mg Tablet

Bleeding disorders. Hypersensitivity to salicylate

Acetylsalicylic Acid 300 mg Soluble Tablet

Mild to moderate pain

Acriflavine 0.1% Lotion

Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin) 500 mcg/ml Injection

Acyclovir 200 mg Tablet

Patients known to be hypersensitivity to acyclovir

Increased mean half-life & plasma concentration with probenecid

To search, press Ctrl-F

Ibrahim Abdullah - http://sir-ib.blogspot.com

Acyclovir 200 mg/5 ml Suspension

Patients known to be hypersensitivity to acyclovir

Increased mean half-life & plasma concentration with probenecid

Acyclovir 250 mg Injection

Patients known to be hypersensitivity to acyclovir

Increased mean half-life & plasma concentration with probenecid

Acyclovir 3% Eye Ointment Acyclovir 5% Cream

Local irritation and inflammation reported , vision abnormalities

Not known Not known

Acyclovir 800 mg Tablet

Patients known to be hypersensitivity to acyclovir

Increased mean half-life & plasma concentration with probenecid

Subcutaneous 40 mg every other week

Hypersensitivity to adalimumab or any component of the formulation, severe infection

Anakinra, abatacept, live vaccine, leflunomide, topical tacrolimus, trastuzumab

Adapalene 0.1% Cream

Adapalene 0.1% Gel

Adefovir Dipivoxil 10 mg Tablet

Adenosine 3 mg/ml Injection

Rapid conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm

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Ibrahim Abdullah - http://sir-ib.blogspot.com

Adrenaline Acid (Epinephrine) Tartrate 1 mg/ml Injection

Albendazole 200 mg Tablet

Albendazole 200 mg/5 ml Suspension

Alcohol 70% Solution

Alendronate Sodium 70 mg Tablet

Alendronate Sodium 70mg and Cholecalciferol 2800 IU Tablet

Alfacalcidol 0.25 mcg Capsule

Alfacalcidol 1 mcg Capsule

Alfacalcidol 2 mcg/ml Drops

Alfacalcidol 2 mcg/ml Injection

Antiepileptics, diuretics, barbiturates

Antiepileptics, diuretics, barbiturates

NEONATES : 0.1 mcg/kg/day

Antiepileptics, diuretics, barbiturates

Antiepileptics, diuretics, barbiturates

Alfentanil HCl 0.5 mg/ml Injection

Alfuzosin HCl 10 mg Tablet