corporate social responsibility.

Are businesses responsible for social issues

agenda.

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agenda.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Jamie

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agenda.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Arguments FOR Jamie Tom

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agenda.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Arguments FOR Arguments AGAINST Jamie Tom Jennifer

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agenda.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Arguments FOR Arguments AGAINST Case Study: Microsoft Jamie Tom Jennifer Jamie

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agenda.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Arguments FOR Arguments AGAINST Case Study: Microsoft Case Study: Microsoft Jamie Tom Jennifer Jamie Marie

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agenda.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Arguments FOR Arguments AGAINST Case Study: Microsoft Case Study: Microsoft Conclusions Jamie Tom Jennifer Jamie Marie Marie & Jen
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agenda.

What is Corporate Social Responsibility?

Jamie

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denition.
.....the business contribution to our sustainable development goals. Essentially it is about how business takes account of its economic, social and environmental impacts in the way it operates maximising the benets and minimising the downsides...

csr.gov.uk

denition.
.....the business contribution to our sustainable development goals. Essentially it is about how business takes account of its economic, social and environmental impacts in the way it operates maximising the benets and minimising the downsides...

csr.gov.uk

Clear business case

Stakeholders and customers are increasingly concerned about the environmental and social impacts of the products they buy. business can become more competitive, not less.

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Shareholders

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And this is the basic argument that exists today when it comes to Corporate Social Responsibility. Shareholders have to balance out whether THEIR investments and dividends should be used to fund social initiatives

Prot distribution
CSR

Reinvest

Employee bonus Shareholder

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Prot distribution

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Prot distribution

Reinvest

Employee bonus Shareholder

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derives from many different areas

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As you are probably all aware, CSR consists of many different elements

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Poverty

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investing in the community (both monetary and time investment)

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and.... but interestingly there is a debate going on about why MNEs should and shouldnt invest heavily in CSR. And to tell us about why they should, here is Tom

for.

Tom Fitton

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Neo-Classical View

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A Neo-Classical View of CSR which epitomizes capitalism is that the only responsibility of the rm is to maximize prot for the shareholders whilst remaining inside existing laws, for example paying wages and at least minimum wages.

Few trends would so thoroughly undermine the very foundations of our free society as the acceptance by corporate ofcials of a social responsibility other than to make as much money for their shareholders as they possibly can Milton Friedman, 1962

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Behavioural View

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In addition to making a prot, business should help to solve social problems whether or not business helps to create those problems even if there is probably no shortrun or long-run prot potential Holmes, 1976

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A contrasting perspective is one of the behavioral theorists, who believe management may, regardless of shareholder pressures, be inuenced by non economic factors, political aspects, personnel preference resulting in a rm which takes into consideration ethics and morals whilst conducting their business.

Increase Customer Awareness

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More recently academics have accepted that CSR has become an important aspect of corporate strategy, this can be attributed to; an increased customer awareness of business operations through global media exposure.

Media increases coverage and awareness of;

Sustainability and environmental issues Health and obesity International operations; worker conditions, exploitation & human rights General ethics and morals.

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Workplace
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Marketplace: Customer
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Marketplace: Customer
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Marketplace: Supplier
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Community
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Ethics
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Human Rights

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Paradox
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not incorporating the minimum requirements of what is deemed socially responsible in the modern business environment can have catastrophic effects in todays media driven society and for this reason not taking measures to do so could lower share value, so the argument that a business should concentrate on prot only is somewhat a paradox.

Companies with a dened corporate commitment to ethical principles do better nancially than companies that don't.
DePaul University, 1997

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Furthermore recent research has found that a proactive approach to CSR can result in increased corporate performance

An 11-year Harvard University study found that "stakeholder-balanced" companies showed four times the growth rate and eight times the employment growth when compared to companies that are shareholder-only focused

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Reduced Costs
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Contrary to widely-held opinion, improved environmental management systems do not automatically result in greater cost. Over time, they improve operational efficiency by reducing waste production and water usage, increasing energy efficiency and in some cases, selling recycled materials.

Production of 26 toxic chemicals reduced

5.4m saved per year

(yes, we know this isnt to scale)
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There are also company specic ways of reducing operating costs e.g. Dow Chemical Co has set themselves a target of reducing production of 26 toxic chemicals which will save them 5.4 million Euros per year BECAUSE IT COSTS THEM A LOT OF MONEY TO PROPERLY DISPOSE OF TOXIC WASTE

Enhance brand image and reputation

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A good reputation is often very hard to build - and yet can be destroyed in less than a day. So much of a company's reputation results from 'trust' by stakeholders. A strong reputation in environmental and social responsibility can help a company build this trust. However, it needs to result from real practices and policies and an integrity towards the companies responsibilities. Stakeholders are not stupid and can see through 'uff'. Non Government Organisations (NGOs) and local communities are far more willing to not take action as a result of an environmentally-damaging incident if it is evident that the company has genuinely worked hard to prevent it happening in the rst place, and has in place solid management practices for rectifying the situation - quickly - and for learning and improving to prevent any repeat occurrence.

Increased sales & customer loyalty

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<The coins will swap round automatically> Research has shown that consumers not only want good and safe products, but they also want to know that what they buy was produced in a socially and environmentally responsible way.

Increased sales & customer loyalty

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<The coins will swap round automatically> Research has shown that consumers not only want good and safe products, but they also want to know that what they buy was produced in a socially and environmentally responsible way.

Increase ability to attract and retain employees

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A company's dedication to CSR can help to recruit and retain employees. People want to work for a company that is in accordance with their own values and beliefs, Employees stay longer, reducing the costs and disruption of recruitment and retraining

78% of employees would rather work for an ethical and reputable company than receive a higher salary The Cherenson Group

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Employees are not just worried about promotion and salary any more. <I am now going to pass you over to Jennifer who will be debating the other side of CSR>

against.

Jennifer Chan.

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Conicting stakeholder interests

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CSR or PR?

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Commercialised. Companies under pressure to be Green

Green

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Voluntary? Companies feel obliged to have programmes for fear being singled out and losing competitive advantage. Not the true spirit of implementing CSR. Should be about beneting society rather than being used as a tool for PR. Important

Green Peace?
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An example of this is with Greenpeace. Greenpeace have a long history of pulling publicity stunts to raise their own prole and funds rather than concentrate on the real matters of CSR

Green Peace?
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An example of this is with Greenpeace. Greenpeace have a long history of pulling publicity stunts to raise their own prole and funds rather than concentrate on the real matters of CSR

Video from Greenpeace

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We want to show you an example of this. Greenpeace last year ran a campaign to get people to create videos which damned Apple for their green initiatives. No other manufacturer of PCs was highlighted in this way. Greenpeace were using Apples brand image and publicity for their own benet. Here is one of the videos

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Used Apple as a publicity tool to benet their own agenda. Other brands not singled out Hazardous materials in Apple Computers within EU regulations of whats allowed. No worse than other brands, but Apple are an easy and famous target

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The move prompted Apple to make a response in order to defend themselves against the bad publicity. Long essay was posted highlighting their current status as well as future green initiatives.

Weight Recycled as a % of Total Sales

30.0
28

22.5
20

24

15.0
13

7.5
6 5

10

0 2 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

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Apple pointed out that they lead the industry in respect to weight recycled as a % of past sales But why should they have to do this? Are Greenpeace using bullying tactics?

Apple completely eliminated the use of CRTs in mid-2006. A note of comparison Dell, Gateway, Hewlett Packard and Lenovo still ship CRT displays today

Steve Jobs

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Apple retaliated for being singled out - brought other manufacturers into the conversation

....businesses are using corporate social responsibility as a shield behind which to campaign against environmental and human rights regulations. CSR is in some cases counter-productive, worsening relations between business and local communities

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This leads me onto the next point... (read quote) the key point here is that CSR is worsening relations. the Greenpeace/Apple thing is an example of this.

....businesses are using corporate social responsibility as a shield behind which to campaign against environmental and human rights regulations. CSR is in some cases counter-productive, worsening relations between business and local communities

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This leads me onto the next point... (read quote) the key point here is that CSR is worsening relations. the Greenpeace/Apple thing is an example of this.

Tool for Risk Management

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Benets are unclear and difcult to measure

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How do you quantify? How do you benchmark? Where do you prioritise?

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who decides where to invest money.... why do they invest in certain charities etc over others? creates problems on fairness.

Diversion of attention from more important issues

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If efforts to do good become a distraction from the core business they may actually be downright irresponsible

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case study.

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$400m
donated last year to non-prot organisations throughout the world.
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Microsoft is the largest contributor in the high-tech industry and one of the largest among all businesses in the United States. Microsoft employees give more per person than any other company's employees.

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The Microsoft Unlimited Potential programme is perhaps their biggest scheme aimed at CSR. Its about helping individuals around the world have access to affordable technologies in order to transform education, foster local innovation and enabling job opportunities The goal is to create a cycle of sustained social and economic growth for everyone and not just the most economically developed countries

1bn
New computer users by 2015
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That's also the United Nations' target year for achieving the eight Millennium Development Goals.

It took about 35 years to get about 1 billion people access to computers.....It can't take us another 35 years to reach another 1 billion.
Orlando Ayala, Senior VP for Microsoft Emerging Segments Group,

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Basic goal was elaborated by Orlando Ayala, Senior VP of the Emerging Segments Group

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Focus Areas

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transforming education - much like tech has changed the way we learn innovation (put tech into the hands of more people, greater innovation occurs), economic opportunity (amalgamation of the above two.

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As you can see from the map above, they have activities in most of the worlds countries. <Click> And here are a few pictures of this kind of thing in action - putting technology into the hands of the youth worldwide

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Software package for Teachers and Students

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As part of this, Just a few months ago Microsoft announced that they were to sell a package of Windows, Office and other software to government programs that distribute subsidized PCs to students around the world. Called this the Student Innovation Suite

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They priced this at just $3

If Microsoft doesn't take action, the risk is that there may be billions of these computers that will not have Microsoft software. Although Microsoft wants to "make good for the world" by increasing access to computers, it also wants to position its business to be part of the market expansion in countries like China and India.

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There have been a few critics of this move however. Lots of growth in mobile phones and PCs in these markets. Governments have got wise to Microsofts tactics in Western society and are going with Linux. This represents a huge threat to Microsofts business and hence this move. Get countries hooked on MS software..when they become developed, charge them full price. Catch 22. If they sold at full price these countries couldnt afford it and people would complain that Microsoft isnt doing enough. Sell them cheap and people become cynical about it. So its a tough situation for MS but I believe they did the right thing

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Other people saw this as a move against Negopontes OLPC... one laptop per child initiative which has a similar goal of putting technology into the hands of children in developing countries. The OLPC runs Linux and NOT Microsoft Windows.

It's a scary concept for Microsoft to have 100 million to 200 million people potentially growing up using open-source software and Linux. Never underestimate the ability of Microsoft to respond to that threat
Steve Kleynhans, Gartner

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Just to wrap this up here is a short video from Microsoft founder Bill Gates who puts the Unlimited Potential programme into his own words

case study.

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Pollution Sources In a Car

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Evaporative emissions

Exhaust emissions

Refuelling losses

Pollution Sources In a Car

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Ford has always led the way when it comes to innovation So does it when it comes to reducing the environmental impact of the vehicles Ford was the rst vehicle manufacturer in Europe to offer production passenger vehicles with Flexifuel vehicle (FFV) Technology.

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Priced at a similar level to their petrol-only equivalents

all the advantages of bio-Ethanol

good for the environment and economic as well.

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Ford is the only vehicle manufacturer developing the ve serious environmentally advanced technologies of clean diesel, Flexifuel, electric hybrid, hydrogen internal combustion and fuel cell.

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For example, the new Mondeo 1.8-litre TDCi has signicantly better performance and fuel economy and produces around 20% less CO2 than the equivalent 1993 Mondeo model

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Ford is committed to sustained progress as many areas as possible that will reduce its impact on the environment and help people to do so too. These include: wind turbines at Dagenham, solar panels at Bridgend and new recycling initiatives in both its products and manufacturing processes.

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conclusions.

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The relationship between the corporation and society is inseparable, in that society needs corporations for products and corporations needs society for prots.

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Prots and CSR are not mutually exclusive but go hand-in-hand.

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The global business environment has changed hence the classical view of corporations to solely make prots is short-sighted.

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Evidently, embracing corporate social responsibility not only makes good business sense. Those that get left behind are missing business opportunities, competitor advantage and improved management opportunities in this increasingly globalised world. By not engaging in CSR, companies are not only under managing their impact on society and the environment, they are under managing their own economic self-interest.

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While there are some who abuse it, we feel that everybody - MNEs, Governments and Citizens have to take responsibility for CSR, because if we dont......

who will?

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Thank you.

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So just to close this up are there are questions?

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So just to close this up are there are questions?