Leishmania tropica 1) Major disease pathology: Chronic disease with dry, raised, ulcerated lesions at bite site on skin

2) Specimen in which organism is found: macrophage 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: Identification of organism in Giemsa stained slides of active ulcer biopsy, bone marrow, or lymph node biopsy. Diagnostic form is intraceullular amstigote within macrophages. Contain kinetoplast 4) Infective stage: amastigote 5) Vector: Sandfly 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Leishmania mexicana 1) Major disease pathology: Chronic disease with dry, raised, ulcerated lesions at bite site on skin 2) Specimen in which organism is found: macrophage 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: Identification of organism in Giemsa stained slides of active ulcer biopsy, bone marrow, or lymph node biopsy. Diagnostic form is intraceullular amstigote within macrophages. Contain kinetoplast 4) Infective stage: amastigote 5) Vector: Sandfly 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Leishmania braziliensis 1) Major disease pathology: amastigotes spread from original bite site to invade mucous membranes and erode soft tissue of face and palate. 2) Specimen in which organism is found: macrophage 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: Identification of organism in Giemsa stained slides of active ulcer biopsy, bone marrow, or lymph node biopsy. Diagnostic form is intraceullular amstigote within macrophages. Contain kinetoplast 4) Infective stage: amastigote 5) Vector: Sandfly 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis Leishmania donovani 1) Major disease pathology: infected macrophages in skin/mucous membranes spread to visceral organs, especially spleen liver, and bone marrow where amastigotes replicate in great numbers 2) Specimen in which organism is found: macrophage 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: Identification of organism in Giemsa stained slides of active ulcer biopsy, bone marrow, or lymph node biopsy. Diagnostic form is intraceullular amstigote within macrophages. Contain kinetoplast 4) Infective stage: amastigote 5) Vector: Sandfly 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Visceral Leishmaniasis

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense 1) Major disease pathology: Meningoencephalitis of CNS 2) Specimen in which organism is found: blood and lymph nodes 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: Diagnostic form is trypomastigote in blood smear, lymph node, or CSF. Found in peripheral blood during fever spikes. Small kinetoplast 4) Infective stage: trypomastigote 5) Vector: tsetse fly 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Trypanosomiasis, West African Sleeping Sickness Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense 1) Major disease pathology: Rapid meningoencephalitis of CNS 2) Specimen in which organism is found: blood and lymph nodes 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: Diagnostic form is trypomastigote in blood smear, lymph node, or CSF. Found in peripheral blood during fever spikes. Small kinetoplast 4) Infective stage: trypomastigote 5) Vector: tsetse fly 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Trypanosomiasis, East African Sleeping Sickness

Trypanosoma cruzi 1) Major disease pathology: Cardiomyopathy and CNS symptoms 2) Specimen in which organism is found: heart brain, and cardiac tissue 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: Diagnostic form is amastigotes in heard tissue. Large kinetoplast 4) Infective stage: amastigote 5) Vector: Reduviid bug 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: American Trypanosomiasis, Chagas Disease Cryptosporidium parvum 1) Major disease pathology: Intestinal coccidian infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: oocysts are the diagnostic form found in stool samples; modified acid fast stain to screen, very small (4-6 microns); thick walled shed in feces, thin walled release sporozoites to cause autoinfection 4) Infective stage: oocyst 5) Vector: contaminated food or water; zoonosis cattle are reservoir 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals; pathogenic in immunocompromised patients 7) Common Disease Name: alternating constipation

Isospora belii 1) Major disease pathology: Intestinal coccidian infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: oval shaped at 25-30 microns by 10-17 microns, oocyst has clear cyst wall containing 1 undeveloped sporoblast (immature sporocyst), sporoblast stains red-pink with modified acid fast stain 4) Infective stage: oocyst 5) Vector: 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: asymptomatic and self-limiting 7) Common Disease Name:

Sarcocystis sp. 1) Major disease pathology: Intestinal coccidian infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: resembles I. belli; humans may develop sarcocysts (cysts in muscle) 4) Infective stage: 5) Vector: uncooked/undercooked beef or pork 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: rare GI infection 7) Common Disease Name:

Cyclospora cayetanensis 1) Major disease pathology: Intestinal coccidian infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: nearly identical to C. parvum except for size and acid fast stain (acid fast stain is variable and larger); oocyst auto fluoresces like a cat-eye 4) Infective stage: oocyst 5) Vector: 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic, responds to treatment 7) Common Disease Name: alternating constipation Plasmodium vivax 1) Major disease pathology: red blood cell parasite infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: reticulocytes 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: widely distributed, 48 hour paroxysm cycle, Schuffners dots in RBC, 14-22 merozoites; malarial pigment 4) Infective stage: sporozoites 5) Vector: Anopheles mosquito 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: benign tertian malaria

Plasmodium ovale 1) Major disease pathology: red blood cell parasite infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: reticulocytes 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: infected RBCs are ovoid, pale, ragged edges, and larger; 4-12 merozoites; malarial pigment 4) Infective stage: sporozoites 5) Vector: anopheles mosquito 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: tertian malaria Plasmodium malariae 1) Major disease pathology: red blood cell parasite infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: older RBCs 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: trophozoite form elongated band in RBC; 6-12 merozoites; malarial pigment 4) Infective stage: sprozoites 5) Vector: anopheles mosquito 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: quartan malaria

Plasmodium falciparum 1) Major disease pathology: red blood cell parasite infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: all RBCs 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: trophozoite ring is headphone shape; 8-36 merozoites in schizont; gametocytes appear in circulation; Blackwater Fever; seen in peripheral blood smear 4) Infective stage: sprozoites 5) Vector: anopheles mosquito 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: malignant tertian malaria Babesia microti 1) Major disease pathology: red blood cell parasite infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: red blood cells 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: Maltese cross; no periodicity 4) Infective stage: ring form 5) Vector: tick-borne 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Babesiosis

Toxoplasma gondii 1) Major disease pathology: encysting parasite infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: intracellular within heart, lung, CNS, or lymph node tissue 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: tachyzoites as intracellular parasites in Giemsa stain 4) Infective stage: oocysts 5) Vector: cats 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Toxoplasmosis Pneumocystis jiroveci 1) Major disease pathology: fungal opportunistic bronchoalveolar infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: epithelial cells in alveolar spaces 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: broncoalveolar lavage; small, non-descript and does not stain with common techniques 4) Infective stage: 5) Vector: person to person via respiratory droplets 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: PCP; pneumonia

Enterobius vermicularis 1) Major disease pathology: anal itching 2) Specimen in which organism is found: scotch tape prep; intestines 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ovum or adult female are diagnostic on scotch tape prep; oval, flattened on one side; thick, colorless shell; 50-60 microns by 20-30 microns 4) Infective stage: gravid (egg-bearing) female 5) Vector: fecal-oral route 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: pinworm; Enterobiasis

Ascaris lumbricoides 1) Major disease pathology: 2) Specimen in which organism is found: stool 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: diagnostic stage is ova passed in stool fertile is round, infertile is elongated, decorticated; 30cm adult female; 4) Infective stage: ingested mature embryonated eggs 5) Vector: associated with transmission of Dientamoeba fragilis 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Large intestinal roundworm; Ascariasis

Trichuris trichiura 1) Major disease pathology: intestinal nematode 2) Specimen in which organism is found: stool 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova are diagnostic: barrel-shaped, thick smooth shell, clear prominent polar plugs at each end, 45-55 microns by 20-23 microns 4) Infective stage: embryonated egg 5) Vector: contaminated food, water, or soil 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Whipworm

Necator americanus 1) Major disease pathology: intestinal infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: stool 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova are diagnostic; thin, clear, smooth colorless shell; developing embryo inside; clear space between eggshell and developing embryo; long buccal (mouth) cavities and small genital primordium; 4 cutting plates 4) Infective stage: filariform 5) Vector: penetrates skin from soil 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: new world hookworm

Ancylostoma duodenale 1) Major disease pathology: intestinal infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: stool 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova are diagnostic; thin, clear, smooth colorless shell; developing embryo inside; clear space between eggshell and developing embryo; long buccal (mouth) cavities and small genital primordium; 4 teeth 4) Infective stage: filariform 5) Vector: penetrates skin from soil 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: Old World Hookworm

Strongyloides stercoralis 1) Major disease pathology: intestinal infection 2) Specimen in which organism is found: stool 3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: rhabditiform larvae in stool is diagnostic; adult is 2mm and parthenogenic; indirect and autoinfection lifecycles 4) Infective stage: filariform larvae 5) Vector: penetration of skin from soil 6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic 7) Common Disease Name: threadworm; Strongyloidiasis