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http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm
According to Herzberg, Man has two sets of needs; one as an animal to avoid pain, and two as a human being to grow psychologically. He illustrated this also through Biblical example: Adam after his expulsion from Eden having the need for food, warmth, shelter, safety, etc., - the 'hygiene' needs; and Abraham, capable and achieving great things through self-development - the 'motivational' needs. Certain parallels can clearly be seen with Maslow. Herzberg's ideas relate strongly to modern ethical management and social responsibility. Many decades ago Herzberg, like Maslow, understood well and attempted to teach the ethical management principles that many leaders today, typically in businesses and organisations that lack humanity, still struggle to grasp. In this respect Herzberg's concepts are just as relevant now as when he first suggested them, except that the implications of responsibility, fairness, justice and compassion in business are now global. Although Herzberg is most noted for his famous 'hygiene' and motivational factors theory, he was essentially concerned with people's well-being at work. Underpinning his theories and academic teachings, he was basically attempting to bring more humanity and caring into the workplace. He and others like him, did not develop their theories to be used as 'motivational tools' purely to improve organisational performance. They sought instead primarily to explain how to manage people properly, for the good of all people at work. Herzberg's research proved that people will strive to achieve 'hygiene' needs because they they are unhappy without them, but once satisfied the effect soon wears off - satisfaction is temporary. Then as now, poorly managed organisations fail to understand that people are not 'motivated' by addressing 'hygiene' needs. People are only truly motivated by enabling them to reach for and satisfy the factors that Herzberg identified as real motivators, such as personal growth, development, etc., which represent a far deeper level of meaning and fulfilment. Examples of Herzberg's 'hygiene' needs (or maintenance factors) in the workplace are: policy relationship with supervisor work conditions salary company car status security relationship with subordinates personal life Herzberg's research identified that true motivators were other completely different factors, notably: achievement recognition work itself responsibility advancement personal growth
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McClelland's Motivational Theory Erikson's Psychosocial Theory Ethical Management and Leadership Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory and the VAK (visual auditory kinesthetic) learning styles inventory Bloom's Taxonomy or Learning Domains Donald Kirkpatrick's Learning Evaluation Model David Kolb's Learning Styles Model Teambuilding and motivational activities, for example the Hellespont Swim case study and exercise and the many more free materials, diagrams and other resources on the main businessballs website, if you are not already there.
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