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Nama : Ching Ching Selvia NPM : 11211631 Kelas : 1EA26

BAB 1
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE We use Present Simple to talk about things in general. We are not thinking only about now. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general.

1.1

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Use the Present Continuous for something that is happening at or around the time of speaking. The action is not finished. We use the Present Continuous when we talk about things happening in a period around now.

1.2

PRESENT PERFECT

When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now, we use Present Perfect ( have been / have travelled etc ). We use the Present Perfect there is always a connection with now. We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening.

1.3

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

We use the Present Perfect Continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped. And we can use the present perfect continuous for actions repeated over a periodof time.

2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE The Past Simple tells us only about the past. If somebody says Tom lost his key , we dont know whether he has it now or not. We only know that he lost it at some this in the past. 2

And when we talk about a finished time; for example, yesterday/ten minutes ago/ in 1985/when I was a child.

2.1 PAST CONTINUOUS We use the Past Continuous to say somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but had not finished. There are some verbs for example, know/want/believe that are not normallu used in the continuous. We were good friends. We knew each other well ( not we were knowing ) I was enjoying the party but Chris wanted to go home ( not was wanting )

2.2 PAST PERFECT The past perfect simple is had + past participle ( gone/seen/finished etc ) .Use irregular verbs. This is the starting point of the story. Then, if we want to talk about things that happened before this time, we use the past perfect.

2.3

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

You can say that something had been happening for a period of time before something else happened : Our game of tennis was interrupted. Wed been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain very heavily. Ken gave up smoking two years ago. Hed been smoking for 30 years.

3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

action in the future that cannot be influenced spontaneous decision assumption with regard to the future

3.1

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

We use Future Continuous Tense, when in the middle of doing something. For example : Dont phone me between 7 and 8. Well having dinner then.

We also use future continuous tense to talk about complete actions in the future : What time will your friends arriving tomorrow?

3.2

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

We use Future Perfect Tense, to say that something will already be complete. 4

For example : Were late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.

3.3

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

We use the Future Perfect Continuous Tense to talk about a long action before some point in the future. ( www.englishtenses.com) English speakers also use this tense when they want to express certainty about the cause of some future situation.

4. PAST FUTURE TENSE ( CONDITIONAL SIMPLE ) We use Past Future Tense to express the idea that in the past you thought something would happen in the future. It does not matter if we are correct or not. (www.englishpages.com) Like all future forms, Past Future Tense cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as : when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.

4.1 PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PROGRESSIVE ) We use past future continuous tense, to explain an event or activity that will be happening in the future in a specific time that is predicted during the conversation takes place. (http://www.schizopage.info) For example : I would be studying math tonight at 8 pm if I had no other schedule.

4.2 PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PERFECT ) The Past Future Perfect tense is actually similar with Present Perfect Tense in the sense of time and meaning. This tense is normally used as conditional sentence type 3. It has contradictory meaning with the conditional sentence which is used. For example :

Mia would have been a good pianist if she had practiced a lot.

4.3 PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PERFECT PROGRESSIVE ) The Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is basically the same with Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Similar with Past Future Perfect Tense, this tense is also used in conditional sentence type 3 normally for its positive and negative pattern. For example : I would have been sleeping if I did not drink much coffee.

Bab 2
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Active : Passive
For example: English.

S + V1 + O : S + is/am/are + V3 + O
Active Passive : : He studies

English is studied by

Remember that we say : he/she/it s. Dont forget the s : I work . . . but He works . . . teaches . . . - They teach . . . but my sister

We use do/does to make questions and negative sentences : Do Does I/we/you/they he/she/it work? come? do? I/we/you/they he/she/it don't doesn' t work come do

For example: 1. I come from Canada. Where do you come from? 2. Rice doesnt grow in cold climates.

We use the present simple when we say how often we do things : a. I get up at 8 oclock every morning. *(not Im getting ) b. Ann doesnt drink tea very often.

1.2

PRESENT CONTINUOUS S + is/am/are + V.ing + O S + is/am/are + being + V3 + O

Active Passive : : I am playing

Active : Passive :

For example: basketball.

Basketball is being played

But the actions is not necessarily happening at the time of speaking, for example : Catherine wants to work in italy, so she is learning Italian. ( but perhaps she isnt learning italian exactly at the time of speaking.)

We use the present continuous when we talk about things happening in a period arround now ( for example : today / this week / this evening etc ) is Susan working hard this weel? No, shes on holiday.

Use the present continuous when we talk about changes happening arround now : The population of the world is rising very fast. *( not rises)

1.3

PRESENT PERFECT S + has/have + V3 + O S + has/have +been + V3 + O

Active Passive : : She has written the

Active : Passive :

For example: exercises.

The excercises have been

You can use the present perfect with just , already, and yet : Just = a short time ago ** Hello. Have you just arrived?

We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected : ** What time is Mark leaving? Hes already gone?

Yet = until now and shows that the speaker is expecting something happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences. ** Has it stopped raining yet?

Note : The difference between gone (to) and been (to) : Jim is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain. (= he is there now or on his way there) Jane is back home from holiday now. She has been to italy. (= she has now come back from Italy)

1.4

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS S + has/have + been + V.ing + O S + has/have + been + being + V3 + O

Active Passive : : He has been eating

Active : Passive :

For example: the cakes.

The cakes have been being

We often use the present perfect continuous with how long, for . . . . , and since . . . . . The activity is still happening ( as in this example ) or has just stopped . A : How long has it been raining? B : It has been raining for two hours.

You can use the present perfect continuous for actions repeated over a period of time : Debbie is a very good tennis player. Shes been playing since she was eight. Every morning they meet in the same caf. Theyve been going there for years.

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For example :
I have been doing. Present perfect continuous.

a. Ive been working hard, so now Im going to have a rest. b. The ground is wet. Its been raining.

NOW

2.SIMPLE PAST TENSE Active : Passive : S + V2 S + was/were + V3 + O

Active Passive : : She put the flower in

For example: the vase.

The flower was put in the

Many verbs are irrengular. The past simple does not end in ed. For examples : Write wrote See saw - Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music. - We saw rose in town a few days ago. - I went to the cinema three times last - It was cold, so I shut the window.

Go went week. Shut shut

In questions and negatives we use did/didnt + infinitive ( enjoy/see/go etc.) : I she they enjoyed saw went you she they enjoy? see? go? I she they enjoy see go 11

Did

didn't

Be careful when do is the main verb in the sentence : What did you do at the weekend? ( not what did you at the weekend ) I didnt do anything. ( not I didnt anything )

The past of be ( am/is/are ) is was/were : I/he/she/it we/you/the y was/wasn't were/weren 't was were I/he/she/it we/you/they

** Note: that we do not use did in negatives and questions with was/were : I was angry because they were late. Was the weather good when you were on holiday?

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2.1 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Active : Passive : S + was / were + V.ing + O S + was / were + being + V3 + O
Active Passive : : She wasnt climbing the

For example: mountain.

The mountain wasnt being

Past continuous ( in the middle of an actions ) I was walking home when I met dave. ( = in the middle of walking home )

There are some verbs ( for example : know / want / believe ) that are not normally used in the continuous. I was enjoying the party but chris wanted to go home. ( not was wanting )

2.2 PAST PERFECT TENSE Active : Passive :

For example:

S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + O

Active Passive : : I had read the book. The book had been read by me.

Had done PAST NOW

I didnt know who she was. Id never seen her before. (= before that time ) The house was dirty. They hadnt cleaned it for weeks.

2.4PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Active : S + had + been + V.ing + O 13

Passive :

S + had + been + being + V3 + O

Active Passive : : She hadnt been visiting

For example: that place.

That place hadnt been being

I Had been -ing PAST NOW

At last the bus came. Id been waiting for 20 minutes. ( before the bus come ).

3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Active : Passive : S + will + V1 + O S + will + be + V3 + O

Active Passive : : She will bake a cake. A cake will be baked by her.

For example:

In simple future tense ,we use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. For example :
Chris Joe : Do you think Ann will pas the exam? : Yes, she will pass easily. She will pass does not mean she has decided to pass. Joe is saying what he knows or thinks will happen. He is predicting the future. When we predict a future happening or situation, we use will/wont.

3.1

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE Active : Passive : S + will be + V.ing + O S + will be + being + V3 + O

: I will not be playing doll. The doll wil not be being played

For example: by me.

Active Passive :

3.2

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Active : S + will have + V3 + O 14

Passive :

S + will have been + V3 + O

: She will not have been

For example: Active bought the radio. Passive :

The radio will not have been

3.3

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Active : Passive : S + will have been + V.ing + O S + will have been + being + V3 + O
: She will not have been

For example: Active buying a new car. Passive :

A new car will not have been

4. PAST FUTURE TENSE ( CONDITIONAL SIMPLE ) Active : Passive : S + would + V1 + O S + would + be + V3 + O

Active Passive : : He would not finished the

For example: homework.

The homework would not be

4.1 PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PROGRESSIVE ) o o Active : Passive :

For example: door.

S + would be + V.ing + O S + would be + being + V3 + O

Active Passive : : She Would be knocking the

The door would be being knocked

4.2 PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PERFECT ) o Active : S + would have + V3 + O

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Passive :

S + would have + been + V3 + O

Active : When would you have cut

For example: the grass?

Passive

When the grass would have been

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4.3 PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PERFECT PROGRESSIVE ) o o Active : S + would have been + V.ing + O Passive : S + would have been + being + V3 + O
: Would you have been

For example: Active stealing the books? Passive :

Would the books have been being

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BAB 3
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE I dont borrow the dictionary. The earth goes round the sun. In summer john ussualy plays tennis once or twice a week.

1.1 o o o

PRESENT CONTINUOUS They arent washing my car. I am studying english You are making a lot of noisy.

1.2 o o o

PRESENT PERFECT We havent swept the floor. You have done the homework. OW! Ive cut my finger.

1.3 o o o

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS They havent been preparing the meal. When has he been drawing the pictures? Ive been talking to carol about the problem.

2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE She slept well last night. I was very thirsthy. I drank the water very quickly. It was warm, so I took off my coat.

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2.1 PAST CONTINUOUS o o Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book. While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.

2.2 PAST PERFECT o o o He hadnt flown before. He had gone home. She had already seen the film.

2.3 o o o

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS I had been working hard all day. We had been playing for half an hour when it started to rain. Ken gave up smoking two years ago. Hed been smoking for 30 years.

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3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE o o o

I dont think I will go out tonight. Ill have an orange juice,please I think Ill have something to eat.

3.1

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE Dont phone me between 7 and 8. Well having dinner then. What time will your friends arriving tomorrow? I will not be playing the doll.

3.2

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Were late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema. Will they have seen the movie? She will have gone to work.

3.3

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

When will they have been sending the letter? She will not have been buying a new car. He will have been selling his motorcycle.

PAST FUTURE TENSE ( CONDITIONAL SIMPLE ) Tom would travel if he had more money. I would come if you invited me. What would you wear for the party tonight if you did not have one?

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4.1 PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PROGRESSIVE ) o I would be studying economic tonight at 8 PM, if I had another schedule. The employees would not be working tomorrow if boss pay them. Would he be playing for our volley team tomorrow night, if we asked him?

o o

4.2 PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PERFECT ) o The student would have not been in suspension if they did not play in the class. Would have verina accompanied her friend to the party tonight? What would have you done by the time I arrived there?

o o

4.3 PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( CONDITIONAL PERFECT PROGRESSIVE ) o o o What would have you been doing if I had fractured your leg? She would have been kissing me. Ika wouldnt have been filling the requirements if she had come late.

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REFERENSI book : ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE by Raymond Murphy www.schizopage.com www.englishtenses.com www.englishpages.com

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