Edward Qin Bonnette English III AP 24 January 2012 Article 1: Argument Spencer, Roy.

Human-Produced Carbon Dioxide Does Not Contribute Significantly to Global Warming. National Review Online (2008). Gale. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.

In the article by Roy Spencer, Spencer argues that the negative image of CO2 in the eyes of the public is unjustified and the connection between CO2 and global warming should not only be thought of as a harmful factor to our environment. Specifically, Spencer argues that many life forms on Earth depend on CO2 to function while the damage CO2 does to the oceans is blown out of proportions. Spencer claims that while it is true the total amount of CO2 has been increasing, the correlation between the warming of the climate and the increase of CO2 is illogically conjured from a bias in our CO2 emissions. Spencer incorporates rhetorical questions to strengthen his message. He proposes hypothetical scenarios that question the knowledge of cause-effect of Mankinds carbon emission. Spencer questions if nature is left undisturbed by mankind, [will] there be no more hurricanes, floods, heat waves, tornadoes that occur throughout the history of mankind (Spencer). Since the answer of the question cannot be factually supported because of its hypothetical nature, Spencer concludes that CO2 emission also cannot be linked to global warming. Furthermore, Spencer uses factual evidence to support his

doubt in human induced global warming. Specifically, he highlights the unknown of the theory with facts that refutes the distorted image the public has on global warming. Spencer refutes the claim that CO2 is hurting the growth of plankton by citing an science article that shows the most common forms of plankton actually grows faster under higher CO2 conditions (Spencer). Thus, using rhetorical questions backed up by effective logos, Spencer refutes manmade global warming on the basis of hypothetical unknowns and CO2 constants.

Article 2: Argument Avery, Dennis. Global Warming Is Caused by a Climate Cycle, Not Greenhouse Gases. Hudson Institute (2004). Gale. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.

In the article by Dennis Avery, Avery argues that the warming climate on Earth is the result of a natural climate cycle that is not affected by CO2 emissions. Specifically, Avery claims that the climate cycle has been happening since pre-historic times in a 1500-year cycle that includes both a warm phase and a cool phase. Avery also argues that since the cycle is natural, human related CO2 spikes are a coincidence to the phenomenon, and therefore does not have an significant influence in the part of warming the planet. Avery develops his arguments primarily with facts and statistics, using logical analysis of both facts and refutations to strengthen his claim. For example, using factual evidence, Avery notes that virtually all of the Earths warming occur before 1940

(Avery), before the world had factories or automobiles. Furthermore, Avery expands on his refutations, highlighting contrary evidence in that the polar regions are cooling instead of the predicted rise in temperature (Avery). His statement refutes the theory of CO2 induced global warming on the scale of Earths varied climate history (Avery), in which he provides more factual evidence of the moderate 1500-year cycle that is in its warming phase. Thus, using logos backing up his claims by refuting the opposing viewpoint of greenhouse gas as the culprit of global warming, Avery effectively argues that the Earths climate change is a naturally occurring climate cycle with insignificant correlation with the release of greenhouse gases by mankind.

Article 3: Argument Contoski, Edmund. Global Warming Is a Myth. Liberty (2008). Gale. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.

In the article by Edmund Contoski, Contoski states that carbon dioxide is a weak greenhouse gas in which mankinds input into the atmosphere is negligible when it comes to greenhouse gas effect on the climate. Specifically, Contoski argues that many different sources in nature far exceed the amount of carbon humans produce; the amount of CO2 mankind puts into the atmosphere is but an insignificant fraction of the total percentage of carbon fluxes on our planet. Therefore, Contoski claims that regulation of CO2 emissions will produce no apparent result in controlling global warming, as the carbon emissions are too small to pose a real problem.

Contoski provides numerous factual evidences that include citation of a scientific journal and statistical data to back up his stance. Contoski also incorporates rhetorical strategies in the form of rhetorical questions that supports his facts and statistics. Despite the massive amount of carbon that goes into the atmosphere every year, the majority (97%) of carbon dioxide in the Earths atmosphere comes from nature (Contoski). In fact, Contoski cites that the measly termite emits ten times more carbon than all the factories and cars in the world (Contoski). Carbon Dioxides effect is not only puny as a greenhouse gas, but the human contribution is far out shadowed by volcanoes, wetlands etc (Contoski). Thus, using a rhetorical question, Contoski argues that the effort regulating the tiny remainder of CO2 mankind produces will not have a significant effect (Contoski).

Article 4: Argument Bellany, David. Greenhouse Gases Do Not Cause Global Warming. The Times (2007). Gale. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.

In the article by David Bellany, Bellany argues that while carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased over the years, temperature oscillations Earth experiences throughout the ages is completely unrelated to the greenhouse gas effect. Specifically, Bellany argues that the correlation associated between global warming and greenhouse gas effect is but a trend of mankinds paranoia of catastrophe; global warming is but a natural climate cycle that is not affected by human CO2 emissions. Bellany believes

that greenhouse gas effect is all hype that occurs from coincidental situations that mankind mistakenly interprets for. Bellany establishes a sarcastic approach in expressing his facts and statistic that refutes the greenhouse gas effect theory in global warming. He alludes to historical paranoia and subsequent false predictions by mankind where a devastating ice age is predicted to happen because of lowering temperatures (Bellany), only to have the scaremongers change their views in 1980 to global warming. Bellany specifically alludes to the Little Ice Age to back up his claims. He notes that the planet is recovering from the ice age, and therefore temperature showed an upward trend (Bellany). Finally, he closes out his arguments with refutations, stating that the rise in temperature has not increased in step with CO2 (Bellany). Thus, incorporating facts and allusions to past human errors, Bellany effectively expresses his concern for the state of attention the world has toward greenhouse gases and impending doom.

Article 5: Counter-Argument Greenhouse Gases Cause Global Warming. Environmental Defense Fund (2007). Gale. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.

In the article, numerous facts and fiction statements regarding global warming are elaborated. Specifically, the article argues in favor of unnatural climate change caused by human CO2 emissions. The article claims that Global warming is not a natural cycle,

and the threat is very real and significant. Also, the article believes that CO2 is the biggest cause of global warming, and the human release of extra CO2 plays a significant role in the greenhouse gas effect that heats the planet. For the most part, the article centers around the effectiveness of CO2 as a greenhouse gas. The article backs up its claims with facts and statistics that appeal primarily to how the output of CO2 in nature has been offset by mankind in recent times. Specifically, the article claims that CO2 levels are 25% more than the highest levels over the past 650,000 years (Greenhouse). The article claims that this increase in CO2 is the cause of global warming as scientists ruled other Natural explanations according to citations (Greenhouse). The article also incorporates pathos into its appeals along with strong opinions that are backed up by the analysis of CO2 study the article highlights. The article claims that global warming will bring major hardships along with untold human suffering of children and grandchildren (Greenhouse). Thus, the article effectively establishes its viewpoint on the serious problem of CO2 greenhouse gas effect, along with potentially devastating consequences in the future if something is not done to reduce CO2 emissions.

Article 6: Counter-Argument Farley, John. Human-Produced Carbon Dioxide Contributes to Global Warming. Monthly Review (2008). Gale. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.

In the article by John Farley, Farley argues in favor of the role greenhouse gas

plays in global warming. Specifically, Farley believes that that greenhouse gas effect is potent enough to dramatically change the planets climate and that humans contribution of output in CO2 inevitably intensifies this effect. Farley uses numerous studies to evaluate the effects of CO2 in the atmosphere and he finds that the effect CO2 posses on the environment may be larger than initially though. Hence, Farley argues that in order to minimize global warming, mankind must reduced CO2 emission into the atmosphere; the concentration level of CO2 plays a large role in global warming and thus should be approached seriously as the concentration issue intensifies. Farley mainly uses research statistics and analysis of known facts in the article to support his views. For example, he emphasizes the effects of greenhouse gases by noting the huge difference between the current planet and a planet absent of greenhouse gases. More specifically, the temperature of earth would be -18 degrees C (-1 degrees F) if there is no greenhouse gas effect (Farley). Farley highlights this fact to emphasize the potency of greenhouse gas and the effectiveness CO2 has on the environment. Furthermore, Farley incorporates statistical data in the form of concentration measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere in order to show the increase in atmospheric CO2 as the direct result of industrialization of mankind, specifically, from 315 ppm [parts per million] in 1958 to 387 in 2008 (Farley). The data helps support the argument that indeed there has been a significant increase in carbon dioxide. Coupled with data supporting the effectiveness of carbon dioxide has on the planet, Farley thus effectively portrays the power of CO2 on the global warming phenomenon Image

"Global warming or not, it's still freezing in here ..." Global Warming. Ed. Cynthia A. Bily. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.