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NAVIGATION WORK ENERGY AND POWER
BAR
Work
Example on Variable Force What will happen in the case when the applied force is not
in the direction of displacement but rather at an angle to it.
Contact us In such a case we will consider the component of force in
the direction of displacement. This component will be
effective in doing work as shown.
F
θ
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Units of Work
Tutor4physics.com Since work done W = F.S, its units are force times length. The SI
NAVIGATION unit of work is Newton-meter (Nm). Another name for it is Joule
(J).
BAR
1 Nm = 1 J
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Positive and Negative Work
Tutor4physics.com We have seen the situations when the work done is zero.
NAVIGATION Work done can also be positive or negative. When 0o <= θ
< 90o, work done is positive as Cos θ is positive. Work
BAR done by a force is positive if the applied force has a
component in the direction of the displacement. When a
body is falling down, the force of gravitation is acting in
Work the downward direction. The displacement is also in the
downward direction. Thus the work done by the
Cases where work is not done gravitational force on the body is positive. Consider the
Units of work
same body being lifted in the upward direction. In this
case, the force of gravity is acting in the downward
Positive and Negative Work direction. But, the displacement of the body is in the
upward direction. Since the angle between the force and
Examples on Work Done displacement is 180o, the work done by the gravitational
Variable Force
force on the body is negative.
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Note, that in this case the work done by the applied force
which is lifting the body up is positive since the angle
between the applied force and displacement is positive.
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NAVIGATION Example1:
A box is dragged across a floor by a 100N force directed 60o
BAR above the horizontal. How much work does the force do in
pulling the object 8m?
Work
Units of work
Variable Force
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N F = 100 N
60o
F = 100N
θ = 60o
S = 8m
W = (F Cos θ) S
=(100 Cos 60o) 8
= 100x1/2x 8 = 400 J
Examples on Work Done
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NAVIGATION Example 2:
A horizontal force F pulls a 10 kg carton across the floor at
BAR constant speed. If the coefficient of sliding friction between
the carton and the floor is 0.30, how much work is done by F
in moving the carton by 5m?
Work
Units of work
Variable Force
f
Example on Variable Force The carton moves with constant speed. Thus, the carton is in
horizontal equilibrium.
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W
F = f = μN = μmg.
Work
Units of work
Variable Force
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Let us first understand how de we find work done from a graph. If we are talking about a
constant force, the area under the graph (which will be a rectangle) gives us the work
done.
Example on Variable Force
Tutor4physics.com Example 3
NAVIGATION
A force F = 2x + 5 acts on a particle. Find the work done by the
BAR force during the displacement of the particle from x =0m to x =
2m. Given that the force is in Newtons.
Units of work
= ∫F(x)dx
Positive and Negative Work
= ∫(2x + 5)dx
Examples on Work Done
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BAR Work Power Energy
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