Antenna characteristics: it is a definition of various necessary parameters. To describe the performance of an antenna.

Some of these parameters may by interrelated (one dependent of on other parameters) 1. Antenna Pattern: An antenna radiation pattern or antenna pattern is dened as mathematical function or a graphical representation of the radiation properties of the antenna as a function of space coordinates. In most cases, the radiation pattern is determined in the far eld region and is represented as function of the directional coordinates.in a polar parameters (r, )..,..antenna pattern may sub classified into:
A. Field pattern (in linear scale): Typically represents a plot of the magnitude of the Electric or magnetic field as a function of the angular space. (r, ) and (r ,) B. power pattern (in linear scale) typically represents a plot of the square of the Magnitude of the electric or magnetic field as a function of the angular space. (r, ) and (r, ) C. power pattern (in dB) represent the magnitude of the electric or magnetic field, in decibels, as a function of the angular space. Where: r: represent the magnitude of the Power in P-pattern or the value of the electrical or magnetic in
Field pattern

Antenna characteristics

: Elevation angle

: Azimuth angle But all of this these definitions (A, B, C) has an obvious defect, when the source increase the feeder current to the antenna, this will increase the power and the Electrical and magnetic Field; i.e. this will increase r in the plot while the antenna is the same! , so we will use more strike definitions which is: normalized field pattern and normalized power pattern:

Note that both the numerator and denominator have the same r dependence, and hence the ratio is independent of r Example: plot the field and power pattern for hertzian dipole if Ffarfield={ZojIodle-jrsin()}/4 r
Solution to simplify the plot of the pattern 1-find the symmetry of the F () about the axis
2-Find the maximum and minimum values of F () by equating F () to zero (d F ()/d =0) and solve for 3-Find the nulls of F() equating F() to zero(F() =0) and solve for

4-plot r versus or only for nonmetric region and rotate the plot about the axis to obtain the image of plot about the symmetric axis

Note that

3-Radiation intensity
Radiation intensity: it is the ratio of the radiated power per unit solid angle (A) and denoted by U So U(, )= =Pr(, )/ A