Nama Kelas/NPM

: Johanda Wiraditya : 1EA26/19211239

Tenses

In Indonesia, the 16 tenses english although in general only 12 tenses. English tenses in simple sentences can be interpreted as a change according to time refer to the past, present and future. By understanding the English language tenses we can construct a sentence with a better though not necessarily always be used. The following 16 english tenses which we will study PRESENT TENSE A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE B. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE C. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE D. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE PAST TENSE A. SIMPLE PAST TENSE B. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE C. PAST PERFECT TENSE D. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE FUTURE TENSE A. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE B. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE C. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE D. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE PAST FUTURE TENSE A. PAST FUTURE TENSE B. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE C. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE D. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT TENSE A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE The Simple Present Tense is the tenses of the most widely used, and because most of the discussion will also be longer. Simple meaning that is simple, while the present is now. So to say that the Simple Present tenses (sentence patterns) used to tell the current time in the simple form Formula : S+V1 (s/es) or S+ to be (is, am, are) + O/C Example : (+) He writes (-) He DOESNT write (?) Does he write? (+) You have a book (-) You DONT have a book (?) DO you have a book? (+) He has a book (-) He DOESNT have a book (?) DOES he have a book?

B. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Present Continuous tense in English tenses are used for actions taking place now, the events at the time was talking and the action lasted only for short periods of time. Present Continuous tense is also called the Present Progressive Tense Formula : Positive (+): subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb ing + object Negative (-) : subject + to be + not + verb ing + object interrogative (?) : to be + subject + verb ing + object Example : (+) Mr. Annas is teaching English now (-) Mr. Annas is not teaching English now (?) Is Mr. annas teaching English now?

(+) My brother is buying a new bicycle now (-) My brother is not buying bicycle now (?) is my brother buying a new bicycle now?

(+) Afika is fishing in the river now (-) Afika is not fishing in the river now (?) is Afika fishing in the river now?

C. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Present Perfect tense in English tenses are used for a simple action that is still on going or new sajar stop, but have an influence until the present. Placing an emphasis on results Formula : Positive (+) Subject + has / have + been + object Subject + has / have + verb III + object Negative (-) Subject + has / have + not + been + object Subject +has / have + not + verb III + object interrogative (?) Have / has + Subject + verb III + object Have / has + subject + been + object Example : (+) He was bought a new football just now (-) He has not bought a new football just now (?) Has he bought a new football just now? (+) They have written the letter just now (-) They have not written the letter just now (?) Have they written the letter just now? (+) We has been in Bali before (-) He has not been in Bali before (?) Has he been in Bali before?

D. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Present Perfect Continuous revealed that action has been initiated in the past and still continues. English tenses are also used to tell the story that began in the past and has just finished.

Formula : Positive (+) Subject + has / have + been + verb-ing Negative (-) Subject + has / have + not + been + verb-ing interrogative (?) Has/have + subject + been + verb-ing ? Example : (+) My brother has been going to Surabaya for ten years (-) My brother has not going to Surabaya for ten years (+) Has my brother going to Surabaya for ten years?

(+) Fika has been finishing her study since three years ago (-) Fika has not been finishing her study since three years ago (?) Has Fika been finishing her since three years ago?

(+) I have been staying here since 2002 (-) I have not been staying here since 2002 (?) Have I been staying here since 2002?

PAST TENSE A. SIMPLE PAST TENSE Simple past tense is used to reveal the events that have occurred at certain times in the past. events can be short or long. Means can also be several events taking place one after one. Formula : Positive (+) - Subject + to be (was/were) + complement - Subject + verb 2 + object Negative (-) - Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement - Subject + did not + verb 1 + object interrogative (?) - Did + subject + verb 1 + object ? Example : (+) The teacher write on the black board (-) The teacher did not wrote on the black board (?) Did teacher write on the black board?

(+) The student played in the school yard (-) The student did not play in the school yard (?) Did the student play in the school yard?

(+) Mahmud went to Bali (-) Mahmud did not go to Bali (?) Did Mahmud go to Bali?

B. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Past Continuous Tense reveal past actions in progress. Sometimes actions can also be interrupted by something. forms of English tenses are also called Past Progressive Tense Formula : Positive (+) Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object Negative (-) Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object Interrogative (?) was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ? Example : (+) Harry was riding horse at ten oclock yesterday (-) Harry was not ridding horse at ten oclock yesterday (?) Was Harry ridding horse at ten oclock yesterday?

(+) They are standing here yesterday (-) They are not standing here yesterday (?) Are they standing here yesterday?

(+) Fika was cutting the flower last week (-) Fika was not cutting the flower last week (?) Was Fika cutting the flower last week?

C. PAST PERFECT TENSE We use the Past Perfect (simple) tense to indicate an action in the past related to other actions earlier in the past. Formula : Positive (+) Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) + object Negative (-) Subject + had + not + verb III + object Interrogative (?) Had + subject + verb III + object ? Example : (+) She had been here before 1945 (-) She had not been here before 1945 (?) Had she been here before 1945?

(+) We had given the prize to Eddy yesterday (-) We had not given the prize to Eddy yesterday (?) Had we given the proze to Eddy yesterday

(+) Fika had met me last week (-) Fika had not met me last week (?) Had Fika met me last week?

D. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that began in the past and continue until another action in the past. Formula : Positive (+) Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object Negative (-) Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object interrogative (?) Had + subject + been + object ? Example : (+) I had been staying here since 1992 (-) I had not been staying here since 1992 (?) Had I been staying here since 1992?

(+) He had been writing the letter when I came yesterday (-) He had not been writing the letter when I came yesterday (?) Had he been writing the letter when I came yesterday?

(+) Ina had been studying English for fove years (-) Ina had not been studying English for five years (?) Had Ina been studying English for five years?

FUTURE TENSE A. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Among all forms of Future tenses, Future Simple is the most common, used in many situations such as when making appointments, predictions or plans. Future Tense is also called the Present Tense Future Formula : Positive (+) Subject + will/shall + verb I + object Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb I + object Negative (-) Subject + will/shall + verb I + object Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb I + object interrogative (?) Will/shall + subject + verb I + object Am/is/are + subject + going to + verb I + object Example : (+) I and Elsy will go to Bandung next week (-) I and Elsy will not go to Bandung next week (?) Will I and Elsy go to Bandung next week?

(+) Siti will buy a new dress next month (-) Siti wil not buy a new dress next month (?) Will Siti buy a new dress next month?

(+) I shall invite you tomorrow night (-) I shall not invite you tomorrow night (?) Shall I invite you tomorrow night?

B. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE Future Continuous tense is generally used to indicate that we will be in the midst of an event within a certain time in the future. Future Continuous also known as Future Present Continuous Formula : Positive (+) Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object Negative (-) Subject + will/shall + not + verb-ing + object Interrogative (?) Will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing + object Example : (+) Lucky will be singing in the class tomorrow (-) Lucky will not be singing in the class tomorrow (?) Will Lucky be singing in the class tomorrow?

(+) My father will be buying a car next month (-) My father will not be buying a car next month (?) Will my father be buying a car next month?

(+) Lisa will be making a cake tomorrow (-) Lisa will not be making a cake tomorrow (?) Will Lisa be making a cake tomorrow?

C. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE We are using the Future Perfect tenses english to declare events that will be completed in the future that has already begun in the past. Future Perfect Future Perfect also called Present Tense or Future Perfect Simple Tense Formula : Positive (+) Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement Subject + shall/will + have + verb III + object Negative (-) Subject + shall/will + not + been + complement Subject + shall/will + not + have + verb III + object interrogative (?) Shall/will + subject + been + complement Shall/will + subject + have + verb III + object? Example : (+) The police will have punished you next week (-) The police will not have punished you next week (+) Will the police have punished you next week?

(+) They will have gone if you come late tomorrow (-) They will not have gone if you come late tomorrow (?) Will they have gone if you come late tomorrow?

(+) We shall have been here until last July (-) We shall not have been here until last July (?) Shall we not have been here until last July?

D. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE We are using the Future Perfect Continuous tenses english to tell the events that will take place at a certain time in the future. Future Perfect Continuous Tense is also called the Present Continuous or Future Perfect Future Perfect Progressive. Formula : Positive (+) Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + object Negative (-) Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb-ing + object Interrogative (?) Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object? Example : (+) She will have been helping me by June 1990 (-) She will not have been helping me by June 1990 (?) Will she have been helping me by June 1990?

(+) He will have been visiting you tomorrow night (-) He will not have been visiting you tomorrow night (?) Will he have been visiting you tomorrow night?

(+) Susi will have been taking the flower tomorrow (-) Susi will not have been taking the flower tomorrow (?) Will Susi have been taking the flower tomorrow?

PAST FUTURE TENSE A. PAST FUTURE TENSE Past Simple Future Tense is used to reveal the events that will happen in the past (not present, the opposite of the simple future tense). Formula : Positive (+) Subject + should/would + be + object Subject + should/would + verb I + object Negative (-) Subject + should/would + not + be + object Subject + should/would + not + verb + object interrogative (?) Should/would + subject + be + object? Should/would + subject + verb I + object? Example : (+) I should be in Bali next week (-) I should not be in Bali next week (?) Should I be in Bali next week?

(+) He would be there you with last night (-) He would not be there you with last night (?) Would be here with you last night?

(+) Harry would teach you the biology next month (-) Harry would not teach you the biology next month (?) Would Harry teach you the biology next month?

B. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE Past Future Continuous will tell an action is going on in the past (to which is going on in the present so-called Continuous Future Tense). Formula : Positive (+) Subject + should/would + be + verb-ing + object Negative (-) Subject + should/would + not + be + verb-ing + object Interrogative (?) Should/would + subject + be + verb-ing + object? Example : (+) She would be studying until ten oclock tomorrow (-) She would not be studying until ten oclock tomorrow (?) Would she be studying until ten oclock tomorrow?

(+) Fika would be coming here tomorrow night (-) Fika would not be coming here tomorrow night (?) Would Fika be coming here tomorrow night?

(+) We should be playing the badminton last Friday (-) We should not be playing the badminton last Friday (?) Should we be playing the badminton last Friday?

C. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Past Tense Future Perfect used to express the action to be completed in the past (please compare the difference with the Future Perfect Tense) Formula : Positive (+) Subject + should/would + have + been + complement Subject + should/would + have + verb III + object Negative (-) Subject + should/would + not + have + been + complement Subject + should/would + not + have + verb III + object Interrogative (?) Should/would + subject + have + been + complement? Should/would + subject + have + verb III + object? Example : (+) He would have brought this table last night (-) He would not have brought this table last night (?) Would he have brought this table last night?

(+) I should have been here at seven oclock tomorrow (-) I should not have been here at seven oclock tomorrow (?) Should I have been here at seven oclock tomorrow?

(+) My brother would have bought a new house last month (-) My brother would not have bought a new house last month (?) Would my brother have bought a new house last month?

D. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Past future perfect continuous tense is used to reveal the events that would have occurred in the past. Past perfect continuous tense future has much in common with the future perfect continuous tense. Formula : Positive (+) Subject + should/would + have + been + verb-ing + object Negative (-) Subject + should/would + not + have + been + verb-ing + object Interrogative (?) Should/would + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object? Example : (+) I should have been studying English for a year (-) I should not have been studying English for a year (+) Should I have been studying English for a year?

(+) Ahmad would have been waiting you for a week (-) Ahmad would not have been waiting you for a week (?) Should Ahmad have been waiting you for a week?

(+) Emmy would have been helping her mother for years (-) Emmy would not have been helping her mother for years (?) Would Emmy have been helping her mother for years?

Reference : http://www.belajaringgris.net/belajar-grammar-kumpulan-16-tenses-bahasainggris-lengkap.html Complete English grammar, Apollo, Surabaya Cara cepat belajar tenses, A. Faidlal Rahman Ali, SE. Par http://books.google.co.id/books?id=3hkgJnAqQwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=tenses&hl=id&sa=X&ei=08hiTetPMnPrQfdur29Bw&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=tenses&f=false