Study Guide for ChE 101 Exam 3 Explanations.

. Be able to briefly and clearly explain each of the following in your own words: Equilibrium. Why the concept is important. The potential difference or driving force for heat and mass transfers and fluid flow. Phase. How to determine the number of phases present in a system. Component. How to determine the number of components in a system. Extensive versus intensive variables and examples. The degree of freedom for systems in equilibrium. The Gibbs Phase Rule. The solid-vapor, vapor-liquid, solid-liquid equilibrium curves on a phase diagram. The triple point. The critical point. Vapor pressure and how it depends on temperature. Two ways to determine the vapor pressure for a given temperature or the boiling point for a given pressure of some species, and a third way if the species is water. How can you tell which of the two liquids is more volatile and what that means. Boiling point and how it depends on pressure for (a) water, (b) most species. Normal boiling point. Superheated vapor. Subcooled liquid. Vapor and liquid in equilibrium. Saturated vapor and saturated liquid. Raoults law for a mixture of volatile substances. Assumptions for Raoults law. Ideal solution. Ideal gas/vapor. Bubble point and dew point for a mixture of liquids. Henrys law. Saturated vapor. Raoults law for a single condensable species. Dew point. Relative saturation. Relative humidity. How to calculate the mole fraction of a vapor in a gas mixture given any of the last four quantities along with temperature, total pressure, and an equation or data for vapor pressure. Condensable vapor. Permanent gas. Humidity. Molar humidity. Mass humidity. Saturation humidity. Relative humidity. Percentage humidity. Dew point. Dry- bulb temperature. Wet-bulb temperature. How to use the psychrometric chart to determine humid air qualities. Liquid-liquid extraction. Extract. Raffinate. How to use the triangular and rectangular ternary diagrams. Tie lines. How to find tie lines. Plait point. Phase behavior. Given a phase diagram for a species, explain what happens when a specified path is followed (like path ABCDE on the example given on the lecture slides). Vapor pressure determination. Given a temperature of pure species, look up or calculate the vapor pressure from data in references (Cox Chart, Antoine Equation, or steam table for water or Table B.3 in Felder). Given a pressure, look up or calculate the boiling point. Behavior of a gas mixture containing a single condensable species. Suppose you have a gas mixture containing a single condensable species, for which the vapor pressure can be calculated or looked up.

Given any three of the quantities, T, P, mole fraction in the gas phase, partial pressure, Tdew point, and relative saturation or relative humidity for the gas mixture, calculate all of the others. Given that the mixture is in equilibrium with the liquid of the condensable species, calculate all of those variables from given values of any two of the variables T, P, and mole fraction in the gas/vapor phase. Behavior of a mixture of volatile liquids. Calculation of dew P (or T) and xi, given T (or P) and yi, and bubble P (or T) and yi, given T (or P) and xi of the mixture. Use of VLE calculations in solving distillation problems. (See WIJose example.) Solving liquid-liquid extraction problems graphically. Application of humidity in problems involving drying.

And dont forget the following: Ideal gas calculations. Given any 3 of the variables P, V, T, and n (or any two of P, V, and n) for a gas/gas mixture, calculate the fourth one directly from the ideal gas equation of state or using conversion from standard conditions. Material balance for single and multiple-unit operations. Conversion of units.