ALBIO/GENETICS

T.H.Lam MEd, BSc, PCEd, hku

Checkpoint of Key concepts 1. Whats the difference between monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance?

2. Whats the reciprocal cross about?

3. Whats the monohybrid cross about?

4. Whats the Law of Segregation about?

5. Whats the relationship between gene, locus and allele?

6. Whatre the dominant and recessive alleles about?

7. Whatre the wild type and mutant about?

8. Whats the test cross about?

9. Whats the back cross about?

10. Whats the dihybrid cross about?

ALBIO/GENETICS

T.H.Lam MEd, BSc, PCEd, hku

11. Whats the Law of Independent Assortment about?

12. In a test cross for monohybrid inheritance, state the genotype of the pea plants if there is/are: a) 1 type of offspring

b) 2 types of offsprings

13. In a test cross for dihybrid inheritance, state the genotype of the pea plants if there is/are: a) 1 type of offspring

b) 2 types of offsprings

c) 4 types of offsprings

ALBIO/GENETICS

T.H.Lam MEd, BSc, PCEd, hku

ANSWER 1. Whats the difference between monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance? Monohybrid inheritance: study the inheritance of a single pair of contrasting characters each time (p.136) Dihybrid inheritance: study the inheritance of two pairs of contrasting characters at the same time (p.147) 2. Whats the reciprocal cross about? The crosses between the same pair of contrasting characters with the sexes reversed (p.136) 3. Whats the monohybrid cross about? The cross between two parents differing in only one character Phenotypic ratios of monohybrid cross is 3:1 (p.138)

4. Whats the Law of Segregation about? Hereditary factors that determined the characteristics of organisms occurred in pairs, but only one of each pair could be present in each gamete 5. Whats the relationship between gene, locus and allele? Gene is the basic unit of inheritance. Each pair of genes occupies fixed and equivalent positions on a pair of chromosomes. The fixed position of a gene on a chromosome is known as locus. Different pairs of genes occupy different loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes. A gene may have two or more alternative forms, called alleles (p.140) 6. Whatre the dominant and recessive alleles about? Dominant alleles can express themselves fully even in the presence of different alleles Recessive alleles can express fully only when different alleles are absent or identical alleles are present (p.141) 7. Whatre the wild type and mutant about? Wild type is a phenotype occurring more frequently in the population than its alternative phenotype (i.e. the normal form of a gene in the population) Mutant is a phenotype occurring at a much lower frequency (p.141)

ALBIO/GENETICS

T.H.Lam MEd, BSc, PCEd, hku

8. Whats the test cross about? For a pair of contrasting characters, the homozygous dominant genotype has the same phenotype as the heterozygous genotype. Test cross is to find out the genotype of an individual which shows the dominant character. This involves the cross between an individual with an uncertain genotype and a homozygous recessive individual (p.144) 9. Whats the back cross about? An F1 hybrid is mated back with one of the parents (p.146) 10. Whats the dihybrid cross about? The crosses of individuals with two pairs of contrasting characters Phenotypic ratios of dihybrid cross is 9:3:3:1 (p.147) 11. Whats the Law of Independent Assortment about? During gamete formation, the members of different pairs of contrasting factors assort independently so that any member of a pair may combine randomly with either one of the other pair in a gamete formed (p.149) 12. In a test cross for monohybrid inheritance, state the genotype of the pea plants if there is/are: a) 1 type of offspring homozygous dominant b) 2 types of offsprings heterozygous (p.145) 13. In a test cross for dihybrid inheritance, state the genotype of the pea plants if there is/are: a) 1 type of offspring all homozygous alleles b) 2 types of offsprings heterozygous for 1 pair of alleles c) 4 types of offsprings heterozygous for 2 pairs of alleles (p.150)