Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 10

Assignment in MAPEH IV

1. Narcotics main information Definition


The term "narcotic," derived from the Greek word for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain. Today, the term is used in a number of ways. Some individuals define narcotics as those substances that bind at opiate receptors (cellular membrane proteins activated by substances like heroin or morphine) while others refer to any illicit substance as a narcotic. In a legal context, narcotic refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. Cocaine and coca leaves, which are also classified as "narcotics" in the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), neither bind opiate receptors nor produce morphine-like effects, and are discussed in the section on stimulants. For the purposes of this discussion, the term narcotic refers to drugs that produce morphine-like effects.

Abuse
As drugs of abuse, they are often smoked, sniffed, or injected. Drug effects depend heavily on the dose, route of administration, and previous exposure to the drug. Aside from their medical use, narcotics produce a general sense of well-being by reducing tension, anxiety, and aggression. These effects are helpful in a therapeutic setting but con tribute to their abuse.

Effects of Narcotic Abuse


Narcotic use is associated with a variety of unwanted effects including drowsiness, inability to concentrate, apathy, lessened physical activity, constriction of the pupils, dilation of the subcutaneous blood vessels causing flushing of the face and neck, constipation, nausea and vomiting, and most significantly, respiratory depression. As the dose is increased, the subjective, analgesic (pain relief), and toxic effect become more pronounced. Except in cases of acute intoxication, there is no loss of motor coordination or slurred speech as occurs with many depressants. Among the hazards of illicit drug use is the ever-increasing risk of infection, disease, and overdose. While pharmaceutical products have a known concentration and purity, clandestinely produced street drugs have unknown compositions. Medical complications common among narcotic abusers arise primarily from adulterants found in street drugs and in the non-sterile practices of injecting. Skin, lung, and brain abscesses, endocarditis (inflammation (the fining of the heart), hepatitis, and AIDS are commonly

found among narcotic abusers. Since there is no simple way to determine the purity of a drug that is sold on the street, the effects of illicit narcotic use are unpredictable and can be fatal. Physical signs of narcotic overdose include constricted (pinpoint) pupils, cold clammy skin, confusion, convulsions, severe drowsiness, and respiratory depression (slow or troubled breathing).

2. Characteristics of drug addiction


People who experiment with drugs continue to use them because the substance either makes them feel good, or stops them from feeling bad. In many cases, however, there is a fine line between regular use and drug abuse and addiction. Very few addicts are able to recognize when they have crossed that line. While frequency or the amount of drugs consumed dont in themselves constitute drug abuse or addiction, they can often be indicators of drug-related problems.

Problems can sometimes sneak up on you, as your drug use gradually increases over time. Smoking a joint with friends at the weekend, or taking ecstasy at a rave, or cocaine at an occasional party, for example, can change to using drugs a couple of days a week, then every day. Gradually, getting and using the drug becomes more and more important to you. If the drug fulfills a valuable need, you may find yourself increasingly relying on it. For example, you may take drugs to calm you if you feel anxious or stressed, energize you if you feel depressed, or make you more confident in social situations if you normally feel shy. Or you may have started using prescription drugs to cope with panic attacks or relieve chronic pain, for example. Until you find alternative, healthier methods for overcoming these problems, your drug use will likely continue. Similarly, if you use drugs to fill a void in your life, youre more at risk of crossing the line from casual use to drug abuse and addiction. To maintain healthy balance in your life, you need to have other positive experiences, to feel good in your life aside from any drug use. As drug abuse takes hold, you may miss or frequently be late for work or school, your job performance may progressively deteriorate, and you start to neglect social or family obligations. Your ability to stop using is eventually compromised. What began as a voluntary choice has turned into a physical and psychological need.

Although different drugs have different physical effects, the symptoms of addiction are similar. See if you recognize yourself in the following signs and symptoms of substance abuse and addiction. If so, consider talking to someone about your drug use. Common signs and symptoms of drug abuse

Youre neglecting your responsibilities at school, work, or home (e.g. flunking classes, skipping work, neglecting your children) because of your drug use.

Youre using drugs under dangerous conditions or taking risks while high, such as driving while on drugs, using dirty needles, or having unprotected sex. Your drug use is getting you into legal trouble, such as arrests for disorderly conduct, driving under the influence, or stealing to support a drug habit. Your drug use is causing problems in your relationships, such as fights with your partner or family members, an unhappy boss, or the loss of old friends.

Common signs and symptoms of drug addiction


Youve built up a drug tolerance. You need to use more of the drug to experience the same effects you used to attain with smaller amounts. You take drugs to avoid or relieve withdrawal symptoms. If you go too long without drugs, you experience symptoms such as nausea, restlessness, insomnia, depression, sweating, shaking, and anxiety. Youve lost control over your drug use. You often do drugs or use more than you planned, even though you told yourself you wouldnt. You may want to stop using, but you feel powerless. Your life revolves around drug use. You spend a lot of time using and thinking about drugs, figuring out how to get them, and recovering from the drugs effects. Youve abandoned activities you used to enjoy, such as hobbies, sports, and socializing, because of your drug use. You continue to use drugs, despite knowing its hurting you. Its causing major problems in your lifeblackouts, infections, mood swings, depression, paranoiabut you use anyway.

Warning signs that a friend or family member is abusing drugs Drug abusers often try to conceal their symptoms and downplay their problem. If youre worried that a friend or family member might be abusing drugs, look for the following warning signs: Physical warning signs of drug abuse

Bloodshot eyes, pupils larger or smaller than usual. Changes in appetite or sleep patterns. Sudden weight loss or weight gain. Deterioration of physical appearance, personal grooming habits. Unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing. Tremors, slurred speech, or impaired coordination.

Behavioral signs of drug abuse


Drop in attendance and performance at work or school. Unexplained need for money or financial problems. May borrow or steal to get it. Engaging in secretive or suspicious behaviors. Sudden change in friends, favorite hangouts, and hobbies. Frequently getting into trouble (fights, accidents, illegal activities).

Psychological warning signs of drug abuse


Unexplained change in personality or attitude. Sudden mood swings, irritability, or angry outbursts. Periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness. Lack of motivation; appears lethargic or spaced out. Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid, with no reason.

Warning Signs of Commonly Abused Drugs Marijuana: Glassy, red eyes; loud talking, inappropriate laughter followed by sleepiness; loss of interest, motivation; weight gain or loss. Depressants (including Xanax, Valium, GHB): Contracted pupils; drunk-like; difficulty concentrating; clumsiness; poor judgment; slurred speech; sleepiness. Stimulants (including amphetamines, cocaine, crystal meth): Dilated pupils; hyperactivity; euphoria; irritability; anxiety; excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping at odd times; may go long periods of time without eating or sleeping; weight loss; dry mouth and nose. Inhalants (glues, aerosols, vapors): Watery eyes; impaired vision, memory and thought; secretions from the nose or rashes around the nose and mouth; headaches and nausea; appearance of intoxication; drowsiness; poor muscle control; changes in appetite; anxiety; irritability; lots of cans/aerosols in the trash. Hallucinogens (LSD, PCP): Dilated pupils; bizarre and irrational behavior including paranoia, aggression, hallucinations; mood swings; detachment from people; absorption with self or other objects, slurred speech; confusion. Heroin: Contracted pupils; no response of pupils to light; needle marks; sleeping at unusual times; sweating; vomiting; coughing, sniffling; twitching; loss of appetite. Warning signs of teen drug abuse While experimenting with drugs doesnt automatically lead to drug abuse, early use is a risk factor for developing more serious drug abuse and addiction. Risk of drug abuse also increases greatly during times of transition, such as changing schools, moving, or divorce. The challenge for parents is to distinguish between the normal, often volatile, ups and downs of the teen years and the red flags of substance abuse. These include:

Having bloodshot eyes or dilated pupils; using eye drops to try to mask these signs. Skipping class; declining grades; suddenly getting into trouble at school. Missing money, valuables, or prescriptions. Acting uncharacteristically isolated, withdrawn, angry, or depressed. Dropping one group of friends for another; being secretive about the new peer group. Loss of interest in old hobbies; lying about new interests and activities. Demanding more privacy; locking doors; avoiding eye contact; sneaking around.

3. Table
Narcotic Opium Characteristics Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. The latex also includes codeine and nonnarcotic alkaloids such as papaverine, thebaine and noscapine. Morphine is generally 8 to 17 percent of the dry weight of opium, although speciallybred cultivars reach 26 percent or produce little morphine at all, under 1 percent, perhaps down to 0.04 percent. Codeine was once considered to be a morphine prodrug, since it was thought that its analgesia was due in large part to its O-demethylation to the much more powerful opiate, morphine. However, more recent research shows that 80% of codeine is conjugated with glucuronic acid to codeine-6glucuronide (C6G), which is the metabolite that is most responsible for codeine's analgesia, although the relative contributions of codeine-6-glucuronide and morphine to analgesia are unclear and highly debated. It was previously believed to be a safe, non addictive Medical use Opium was commonly used as an analgesic until the development of morphine.

Morphin e

Morphine is primarily used to treat both acute and chronic severe pain. It is also used for pain due to myocardial infarction and for labor pains.

Codeine

Codeine is used to treat mild to moderate pain and to relieve cough. Codeine is also used to treat diarrhea and diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Heroin

Under the chemical name diamorphine, diacetylmorphine is prescribed as a strong analgesic in the United Kingdom, where it is given via

substitute for morphine. Induces high physical addiction and lasting psychological dependence. Administered by injection, sniffing (snorting), or smoking (Chasing the Dragon).

subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal or intr avenous route. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.

Depending on availability of drug and finances of user, drug is commonly injected about three times a day (every eight hours). Effects last from three to six hours.

4. More definitions Drug addiction - a complex brain disease. It is characterized by compulsive, at times uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely negative consequences. Dependence - a state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has produced tolerance and where negative physical symptoms of withdrawal result from abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction. Tolerance - commonly encountered in pharmacology, when a subject's reaction to a specific drug and concentration of the drug is progressively reduced, requiring an increase in concentration to achieve the desired effect. Withdrawal syndrome - occurs when a person suddenly stops taking or reduces the dosage of some types of medications. The risk of a discontinuation syndrome occurring increases with dosage and length of use.

5. Agencies responsible for treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents


Narcotics Group-drug Rehabilitation Center Camp R. Papa, Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila 837-2471

Gabay Ng Diwa Drug Rehabilitation Center Timog Subd. Pampanga, Angeles City 602-10-20 DDB-Treatment and Rehabiliation Center #25 Newport cor. Marlboro Street, East Faiview, Quezon City Tel. No. 939-5917 Manila Drug Rehabilitation Center North Cementery Compound, Blumentritt, Sta. Cruz, Manila Tel. No. 0973-774-070 Paraaque Anti-drug Abuse Council Holding / Diagnostic Center Paranaque City Hall Complex, San Antonio, Sucat, Paranaque City Tel. Nos. 829-09-13; 826-00-11 to 19 Quezon City Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Center Diamond Hills Subd., Group II, Area B, Brgy. Payatas, Quezon City 427-14-74; 922-23-58 c/o QCADA NBI-treatment and Rehabilitation Center Tagayiay City 413-13-34; 525-7414 Tahanan Ng Kabataan Ng Laguna c/o Prov'l Social Welfare and Development Office, Brgy. Bungkol, Magdalena, Laguna 808-10-66; 888-22-94 Rizal Provincial Drug Rehabilitation Center Palayang Bayan, Brgy. Cuyambay, Tanay, Rizal 632-9823 Nargroup-drug Rehabilitation and After Care Center Camp Maxilom, Salinas Drive, Lahug, Cebu City (032) 2314752 Davao City Rehabilitation Center for Drug Dependents Bago Oshiro, Tugbok, Davao City 227-1435 Laoag City Treatment & Rehabilitation Center for Drug and Chemical Substance Abuse Brgy. Nalbo, Laoag City Damascus Foundation, Inc. Poblacion, Dona Remedios, Trinidad, Bulacan

(0912) 213-2337

Rebirth Philippines Therapeutic Communiiy Foundation, Inc. # 71 Wakas South, Pilar Bataan 237-2538 St. Agustin Drug Rehabilitation Foundation, Inc. Lugam, Malolos, Bulacan 0973-431-404 Restorer of the Breach Drug Rehabilitation Center #5 Gen. Luna Street, Ususan, Taguig, Metro Manila 642-88-39 Kapatiran Kaunlaran Therapeutic Community for Women P. Paredes Street, Sampaloc, Manila 735-46-61 to 64 Kapatiran Kaunlaran Therapeutic Community for Men P. Paredes Street, Sampaloc, Manila 735-46-61 to 64 Marikina Holding Center Brgy. Marikina Heights, Marikina City 948-0027; 948-02-51 Masigla Foundation, Inc. 2263 Taft Avenue, Manila 523-17-86 New Beginnings Treatment and Rehabilitation Center #40 Cairo Street, Phase 3 B.F. Homes, Paranaque City 827-5140; 633-0223 New Beginnings Halfway House 29 LPL Avenue, Levitown Executive Homes, Better Living, Paranaque City 842-43-48 New Beginnings Detoxification Center 31 Cairo Street, B.F. Homes, Paranaque City 827-51-40 Sunrise Hill Therapeutic Community #20 11th Street, New Manila, Quezon City Daytop Philippines

Brgy. Maitim, Aguinaldo Highway, Tagaytay City (046) 860-05-59

Amor Rehabilitation Center Foundation, Inc. Delos Santos Street, Brgy. Gulod, Malaya, Barrio Ampid, San Mateo Rizal 649-41-64; 64941-65 Seagulls Flight Foundation, Inc. Harmony Road, Ginhawa South, Tagaytay City (0912) 881-3647; 526-8830 Drug Abusers Welfare Network (DAWN) Foundation, Inc. 178 Mabini Street, Salaban, Amadeo, Cavite (046) 413-1715 Reach Foundation Inc. Drug Rehabilitation Center Paglaum Village, Bacolod City 708-61-57 Emmanuel Home Foundation, Inc. Calle de Amelia Villa Valderama, Bacolod City Negros Occidental Mental Health Center (Treatment Center for Drug Dependents W/ Psychosis) Paglaum Village, Bacolod City Salazar's Metamorphosis Rehabilitation Center 1014 Sitio-Bumbon, Barrio Ugong, Valenzuela City 444-19-32 to 33 Shepherd Drug Rehabilitation, Inc. #3 Scout Albano Street, South Triangle, Quezon City 373-38-98; 410-56-98 Well-spring Foundation, Inc. 40-B Maayusin Street, UP Village East, Diliman, Quezon City 920-59-93; 927-97-74 Bob Garon Rehabilitation Center Barrio Lapu-Lapu 1st, San Jose Batangas 825-79-97 Help International Christian Missionary Community Drug Rehabilitation Ministry, Inc. Red Finch Drive, Victoria Valley, Antipolo City 658-48-95; 658-05-29 DARE-Pag-asa Trece Martires, Cavite

724-26-41

SELF-Enhancement for Life Foundation. Inc. 506 Southgate Bldg, Finance Drive, Madrigal Business Park, Alabang, Muntinlupa City 809-3491 Camp-Drug Abuse Management Network (Camp-DAMN) Brgy. Pansol, Calamba, Laguna House of Hope, Inc. Gun-ob, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu 032-340-7941 Philippine Teen Challenge, Inc. San Carlos Heights, Basak, Pardo, Cebu City Southwest Educational & Development Academy (SEDA) Varda Street, Perpetual Valley Subd., Labangon, Cebu City 261-03-09 Sunshine Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Center Abong-abong, Zamboanga City, Zamboanga del Sur 991-08-80; 991-2046 c/o ZADAC

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi