IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 22, NO.

5, SEPTEMBER 2007

1941

A Novel Soft-Switching Single-Phase ACDCAC Converter Using New ZVSPWM Strategy

Chien-Ming Wang, Member, IEEE
AbstractThis paper proposes a novel soft-switching singlephase acdcac converter to give high input power factor and low current distortion on the rectier side and provide clean and stable ac voltage on the inverter side. The proposed converter uses a new zero voltage switching (ZVS) strategy to get ZVS function. Besides operating at constant frequency, all semiconductor devices operate at soft-switching without additional voltage stress. A signicant reduction in the conduction losses is achieved, since the circulating current for the soft switching ows only through the auxiliary circuit and a minimum number of switching devices is involved in the circulating current path, and the rectier in the proposed converter uses a single converter instead of the conventional conguration composed of a four-diode front-end rectier followed by a boost converter. An average-current-mode control is employed in the rectier side of proposed converter to detect the transition time and synthesize a suitable low harmonics sinusoidal waveform for the input current. The sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) control strategy is employed in the inverter of proposed converter to achieve good dynamic regulation. A design example of 1000 W soft-switching single-phase acdcac converter is examined to assess the converter performance. Index TermsSinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM), zero voltage switching (ZVS).
Fig. 1. (a) Conventional single-phase acdcdc converter. (b) Proposed softswitching single-phase acdcac converter.

I. INTRODUCTION

ATRIX converters have received considerable attention [1][3] due to their potentiality to provide direct acac conversion without energy storage. However, they must use some four-quadrant switches, sense the switch voltage and current of there switches, and use some snubber circuits to absorb overvoltages coming from the inductive commutation. As a result, circuit efciency and reliability are affected. Therefore, they are rarely used in wide range of applications. In recent years, the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectier-inverter systems with dc link using the indirect acdcac conversion method have been the most popular circuits. When compared to matrix converters, these systems show improved reliability and allow a higher output voltage. The conventional single-phase acdcac converters is shown in Fig. 1(a). In this system, a big tank capacitor in the dc link provides decoupling between the rectier and the inverter, so that the two converters can be driven independently according to usual PWM techniques [4], [5], providing excellent input and output performances. In

Manuscript received February 25, 2006; revised November 3, 2006. This work was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan, R.O.C., under Project NSC96-2628-E-197-001-MY2. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor J. Pomilio. The author is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Ilan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan, R.O.C. (e-mail: jimiwang@ms6.hinet.net). Digital Object Identier 10.1109/TPEL.2007.904208

fact, this system is the combination of the boost rectier and the buck inverter. The boost rectier performs the functions of power factor correction and boost acdc conversion. The buck inverter performs the function of buck dcac conversion with output voltage of variable amplitude and frequency. Therefore, the acdcac system shown in Fig. 1(a) have been widely used in industrial application such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), ac power source, static frequency changers and variable speed drives. For minimization of size and weight of overall system, increasing switching frequency in them is required. However, increasing switching frequency will result in more switching losses. In order to overcome this problem, they must use individual soft-switching techniques. This solution will result in high complexity of overall circuit, high weight, high cost and low efciency. In order to overcome previous problems, a number of zero voltage switching (ZVS) techniques which the auxiliary commutation cells are shared between the rectier and inverter have been proposed [6], [7]. The idea of sharing a single auxiliary commutation cell between two stages of power conversion has been explored in previous recent works, including a similar (but not equal) cell presented in reference [8]. Unfortunately, their auxiliary commutation circuits are more complex and need additional switches. It will result in high cost and weight.

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 22, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2007

For overcoming these drawbacks and holding the advantages of conventional acdcac converter, a novel high input power factor soft-switching single-stage acdcac converter using a ZVSPWM strategy is proposed in this paper. For overcoming the problem where the conventional acdcac converter must use individual soft-switching techniques to reduce their switching losses, a simple ZVSPWM strategy also is proposed in this paper. In the proposed ZVSPWM strategy, the components of the boost rectier showed in the circuit of Fig. 1(a) are rearranged to provide the zero-voltage-switching on all semiconductors in the buck inverter and a ZVSPWM commutation cell is used to provide the zero-voltage-switching on all semiconductors in the boost rectier. Thus, the proposed main circuit not only can be simplied but all semiconductor devices in the proposed converter can be operated at ZVS. An average-current-mode control [9] is employed in the rectier side of proposed converter to synthesize a suitable low harmonics sinusoidal waveform for the input current. The sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) control strategy is employed in the inverter of proposed converter to achieve good dynamic regulation. System analysis for predicting and evaluating the acdcac converter performance are conducted. II. OPERATION PRINCIPLE The power stage diagram of the proposed soft-switching single-phase acdcac converter is shown in Fig. 1(b). The circuit can be divided in three sections. The rst section is the input rectier which is operated at pulse-width modulation con, tinuous conduction mode and composed of . This section performs the functions of power factor and correction and boost acdc conversion at xed frequency. It also provides the zero-voltage-switching on all semiconductors in the buck inverter. The second section is a ZVSPWM commutation cell to provide the soft-switching on the switches and . It is composed of the auxiliary diodes , the resonant inductor , the resonant capacitor , the transformer and auxiliary switch . It is rated for a small power when compared to the output power. The third section is the output inverter with unipolar voltage switching. It is composed , and output lter . This of the switches section performs the function of conventional PWM buck dcac conversion with output voltage of variable amplitude and frequency. In the positive (negative) half-period of the desired output , the switch always on, the switches ) ) perform the inversion function at high frequency and or perform the boost dcdc switching, while switch conversion function in PWM continuous conduction mode. For convenience in analysis, only the negative-half period of the desired output voltage is described. To simplify the analysis, it is assumed that the proposed single-phase acdcac converter is operating in steady-state and the following assumptions are made during one switching cycle. 1) All components and devices are ideal. 2) During one switching cycle, the power factor pre-regulator is large enough to assume that the input curinductor rent is constant and is much greater than resonant inductor .

Fig. 2. Topology stages of the new soft-switching single-phase acdcac converter.

3) During one switching cycle, the output lter inductor is large enough to assume that the output current is constant and is much greater than resonant inductor . is large enough to assume that the voltage 4) The capacitor is constant and ripple free. 5) In the beginning of the switching, the resonant voltage is equal to and the resonant current is equal to zero. Based on these assumptions, circuit operations in one switching cycle can be divided into twelve stages. The twelve dynamic equivalent circuits of the new soft-switching single-phase acdcac converter and the ideal relevant waveform during one switching period are shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively. A. Stage of Operation of the New Soft-Switching Single-Phase ACDCAC Converter ]: Before , the STAGE 1 [Fig. 2(a): , and maintain turn-on state, the switches switches and maintain turn-off state. The energy stored in inductor is delivered to capacitor while the output loop of the