COMP101 Introduction to Computer

Skills

Networks & the Internet

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a network?
• Collection of computers and devices
connected together

Communications Device Communications Media

• Modem • Cables
• Telephone lines
• Cellular radio
• Satellites
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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a local area network
(LAN)?
• Network that
connects
computers in
a limited
geographic
area

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a wide area network (WAN)?
• Network that covers large geographical
area

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is the
• Internet?
Worldwide
collection of
networks that
links millions
of computers
together

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
What software is available for a home
user?

personal finance
management
communications
entertainment
Web access

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?Web access
v Local area
network (LAN)
v Productivity
software
v Specialty
software
v Web usage
v E-mail
v E-commerce

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spreadsheet
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Technology, Botswana
 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
What are some services found on the
Internet?
(1)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(5) (6)
qe-mail (1) qchat (4)
qWeb (2) qmessage board (5)
qfile transfer (3) qinstant messaging (6)
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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
How did the Internet originate?

ARPANET
Networking project
by Pentagon’s
Advanced Research
Goal: Projects Agency
(ARPA) Became
To allow
functional
scientists at
September
different
1969
locations to share Goal:
information To function if
part of network
were disabled

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
Who provides the Internet’s structure
today?
Networks from Telephone Cable
corporations, companies companies
commercial
firms, and other
companies

Satellite Government
companies

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
How has the Internet grown?
Today
More than 100 million host nodes

1984
More than 1,000 host nodes
1969
Four host nodes

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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Who controls the Internet?
• Nobody; it is public, cooperative, and an
independent network
• Several organizations set standards

World Wide Web Consortium Internet2 (I2)

(W3C) • Internet-related research
• Oversees research, sets and development project
standards and guidelines • Develops and tests
• Tim Berners-Lee, director advanced Internet
technologies

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What are ways to access the Internet?
1 Regional
ISP

2 National
ISP
3 OSP
(Ex. AOL)

4 Wireless
Internet 1 2 4
Service 3 local
Provider call
local
call

local
long-distance local toll-free call
call call call
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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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Internet Access Methods

Wireless

SHDDSL, HDSL,
HDSL2,IDSL ADSL, G.lite,
RADSL

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
What are three parts of an Internet connection?

Client Backbone
Server

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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1: Request data from How might data travel the Internet
the a server on Internet. using a telephone line connection?
2: Modem converts digital
signals to analog signals.
Region
3: Data travels through Step 3 al ISP
telephone lines to a local
ISP. Step 5
Step 1
4: Data passes Step 2 Step 4
through routers.
5: Regional ISP uses Nation
leased lines to send data al ISP
to a national ISP.
6: National ISP Step 6
routes data across Local
ISP Intern
the country.
et
7: National ISP passes Step 8 backb
data to local ISP.
8: Server sends
Step 7
data back to you. National
ISP
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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is an Internet protocol (IP)
• Itaddress?
is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies
each computer or device connected to
Internet
• The number is made of 4 portions separated
by period
• Each portion of the address is called Octet
IP address
• There 199.95.72.10
are various classes of IP addresses i.e.
A,B C
last part
first part
identifies
identifies
specific
network
computer
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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a domain name?
• Text version of IP address

IP address 199.95.72.10
Domain name scsite.com

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is the World Wide Web (WWW) ?
• A worldwide collection of electronic documents
• Also called the Web
• Each document is called a Web page
• Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and links to
other Web pages
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a Web browser?

v Program
that allows
you to view
Web pages
• Netscape
• Internet
Explorer

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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How can you establish a connection and
Step 1
start the Web browser?

1: Click the Step 2

Web browser
program name Web
browser
2: If necessary, program
connect to name
Internet

3: Connection to
the Internet
occurs and a
home page
displays
Step 3
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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a hyperlink?
• Text or graphic
that displays a
related Web page
• Also called a link

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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How can you identify a hyperlink (link)
on a Web page?
v Mouse pointer changes
to a small hand when
you point to a link
v Click the link to display
the associated Web

mouse pointer changes to

small hand
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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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How do you recognize links?
1. Some links
display a
different color
when you point
to them
2. Some links
are underlined
3. Some links
are graphical
images 1. link
2. link

3. link

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a URL?
• Unique address for Web page located on Web
server
protocol domain name path

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
What is a search engine?
• Program used to find Web pages
pertaining to a specific topic

Search text Spider

Word or phrase Program used by
entered in search search engines to find
engine’s text box Web pages that
contain search text
Also called a
keyword Also called a crawler
or bot

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
What is a hit?
• Any Web page name that
lists as the result of a 97 hits
search

Google search
engine

hit

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
What are some
widely used
search engines?

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
What is a portal Web page? Yahoo! is
a portal
• Offers a
variety of
Internet
services
from a
single,
convenient
location
• Often called
a portal

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
Skills
What is a news Web page? ESPN.com
is a sports
• Contains news page
newsworthy
material
• Stories and
articles
relating to
current
events, life,
money,
sports, and
weather

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is an informational Web page?
• Contains
facts
• Created by
organizations
and
governments

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a business/marketing Web
page?
• Contains
content
that
promotes
products
• Allows
you to
purchase
products
online
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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is an advocacy Web page?
• Contains
content
that
describes a
cause,
opinion, or
idea

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a personal Web page?
• Web page
maintained
by private
individual
• Reasons:
sharing life
experience
with the
world

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What services are often found on a
portal?
Search
engine
Sports and E-mail
weather Stock
Local , quotes Newsgroups
national, and or message
worldwide boards
Instant
news messaging
Reference
Maps tools
Free
personal Calendars Chat rooms
Web pages Shopping
malls and
auctions

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 COMP101 Introduction to Computer
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What is a Web community?
• Web site joining specific group of people
with similar interests or relationships

Newsgroup
or message
board E-mail Online
photo Chat
albums room

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