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AP Human Geography

Name ___________________

Unit 1 Study Guide This is NOT all inclusive!

What are the five themes of Geography? What does each of the themes mean? Give an example of each theme.

Location Place Human-Environmental Interactions Movement Regions

What are Human Geographers concerned with? How about Physical Geographers?

Human geographers are concerned with the study of spatial patterns of interactions between human beings and their physical environment.

What is the difference between absolute location and relative location (situation)? Provide an example of each.

Relative location means to locate a place relative to other landmarks while absolute location is locating a place using a coordinate system.

Zero degrees latitude is known as the _____equator_____________. Lines of latitude measure distance (north/south or east/west). There are _______ total degrees of latitude on a globe.

Zero degrees longitude is known as the _______prime meridian______________. Lines of longitude measure distance (north/south or east/west). There are __180_____ total degrees of longitude on a globe.

One can use (latitude or longitude) to estimate time differences between places.

Describe the site and situation of Churchill High School. What is Churchills absolute location?

Site refers to the advantages or disadvantages of a specific location for certain kinds of activities. Situation refers to the advantages or disadvantages of a site in relation to other locations and activities.

Site: lots of deciduous trees. Normal weather. Experience the change of seasons Situation: 20 minutes from washington DC, 5 minutes from CJ mall, about a minute drive to Hoover Middle School

Over time, the situation of a specific city may change greatly, despite the fact that the site has remained the same. Explain how this can happen.

The situation can change where something in a city is moved to another place, so the relative places around it (situation) are changed. However it is still in the same area experiencing the same climate and surroundings so the site stays the same

What is a mental map? A map in your head of places you've experienced and been to

Identify and describe 5 types of thematic maps: 1. Chloropleth - An

area symbol (usually a color or shade of gray) is then used to show which category each of the information topics is represented by
2. Dot Maps - employ

dots to convey information about a distribution. A single dot may represent one occurence of something (an earthquake, perhaps) or more than one (a dot might represent 100,000 people, for example).

3.Graduated Circle Map - employ

dots to convey information about a distribution. A single dot may represent one occurence of something (an earthquake, perhaps) or more than one (a dot might represent 100,000 people, for example).
4.Isoline Maps - use

line symbols to portray a continous distribution such as temperature or elevation. Isolines are lines that connect points of equal numeric value.
5.Cartograms - areas

on the cartogram are intentionally drawn larger or smaller in proportion to the phenomenon being shown. A cartogram of world population, for example, might show countries as being either larger or smaller in proportion to their populations.

For each of the thematic map types identified in number 10, come up with information that can be easily displayed by that type of map. For example, which type of map above would you use to visually display the actual population of the top ten cities in the United States?

What is the difference between GIS and GPS?

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is a tool to display and analyze information geographically. GPS (Global Positioning Systems) is a technology that uses satellites to give one its position on the Earth with the aid of a GPS device or unit. GPS can be incorporated into GIS by using a GPS device to collect points, lines, or polygons, which can be imported into a GIS application for future analysis and interpretation.

Why can it be said that All maps lie? because the world is round and a 3D aspect cannot be portrayed on a 2D surface without distortions

Recall the map of per capita beer consumption in the United States that we looked at in class. It showed beer consumption per capita per state. What kind of thematic map was it? If you were to

look at a larger scale map of beer consumption, would you be able to compare beer consumption between nations? Why or why not?

What is remote sensing?

Remote sensors collect data by detecting the energy that is reflected from Earth. These sensors can be on satellites or mounted on aircraft.

Identify three types of regions:

1. Formal - are those defined by governmental or administrative

boundaries (i. e., United States, Birmingham, Brazil). These regional boundaries are not open to dispute, therefore physical regions fall under this category (i. e., The Rockies, the Great Lakes States).

2. Functional - are those defined by a function (i. e., TVA, United

Airlines Service area or a newspaper service area). If the function ceases to exists, the region no longer exists.
3. Perceptual - are those loosely defined by people's perception (i.

e., The South, The Middle East).

Place Potomac in each of the three types of regions in number 16. For example, Potomac is in the formal region of Maryland. Potomac is in the functional region of the washington post delivery service Potomac is in the perceptual region of The North

Which of the five themes of Geography does Cultural Ecology address?

Human environmental interactions

Explain the difference between Environmental Determinism and Possibilism.\ Environmental determinism is the view that the physical environment, rather than social

conditions, determines culture. Those who believe this view say that humans are strictly defined by stimulus-response (environment-behavior) and cannot deviate.

Possibilism is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or

limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by man's actions.

Provide at least three examples of the cultural landscape of Potomac. Have you noticed anything in this cultural landscape that surprised you?

Does space-time compression help or hinder change? How about distance decay? help ^

distance decay hinders change

What has globalization done to the relative (as opposed to the actual which of course never changes) size of the world? Why is this so? It has made the relative size of the world larger and larger with increased interactions and world trade

How has globalization affected traditional local beliefs around the world? It has converted or spread to other places and been incorporated everywhere.

Explain the difference between expansion and relocation diffusion.

Expansion diffusion means that the diffusion expands in the area you are in. Relocation diffusion is when you have spread something where

you are, and then move(relocate) somewhere else, spreading it there as well.

Identify the three types of expansion diffusion, and for each give an example of something that diffused in that manner: 1. Contagious

Diffusion - a form of expansion diffusion in which nearly all adjacent individuals are affected.
2. Hierarchical

Diffusion - the main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to (or adopting) what is being diffused. An example of this is the spread of AIDS in the United States. Not everyone is affected, only particular vulnerable groups are affected. AIDS doesn't affect in certain areas but instead appear as clusters in distantly separated cities on the map. Another example is the acceptance of a new style of clothing or new hairstyle. A good number of women adopted the beehive hair-do in the 60's, but not all..
3. Stimulus

Diffusion - a small portion of the population accepts the idea or innovation. This is a local occurance. Some ideas are simply too vague, too unattainable, or too practical for immediate adoption. An example of this is industrialization. During the time of the industrial revolution, only the countries with the capital and the resources were able to industrialize while some lesser developed countries still have not.

**Dont forget to look at the PowerPoint presentations I posted on Edline**

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