Unzip all files into Matlab current directory and type "fprec" to start fingerprint image processing.

Type "helpwin fprec" for more detailed informations. Notes: old_version.zip is the previous release (Fingerprint Recognition System 2.0) % Filterbank-Based Fingerprint Matching (A.K.Jain, S.Prabhakar, L.Hong and S.Pan kanti, 2000) % % Abstract % With identity fraud in our society reaching unprecedented proportions and with an increasing emphasis on % the emerging automatic personal identification applications, biometrics-based verification, especially % fingerprint-based identification, is receiving a lot of attention. There are t wo major shortcomings % of the traditional approaches to fingerprint representation. For a considerabl e fraction of population, % the representations based on explicit detection of complete ridge structures i n the fingerprint are % difficult to extract automatically. The widely used minutiae-based representat ion does not utilize a % significant component of the rich discriminatory information available in the fingerprints. Local ridge % structures cannot be completely characterized by minutiae. Further, minutiae-b ased matching has difficulty % in quickly matching two fingerprint images containing different number of unre gistered minutiae points. % The proposed filter-based algorithm uses a bank of Gabor filters to capture bo th local and global details % in a fingerprint as a compact fixed length FingerCode. The fingerprint matchin g is based on the Euclidean % distance between the two corresponding FingerCodes and hence is extremely fast . We are able to achieve a % verification accuracy which is only marginally inferior to the best results of minutiae-based algorithms % published in the open literature. Our system performs better than a state-of-t he-art minutiae-based system % when the performance requirement of the application system does not demand a v ery low false acceptance rate. % Finally, we show that the matching performance can be improved by combining th e decisions of the matchers % based on complementary (minutiae-based and filter-based) fingerprint informati on. % % Index Terms: Biometrics, FingerCode, fingerprints, flow pattern, Gabor filters , matching, texture, verification. % % Type "fprec" on Matlab command window to start image processing. % This source code provides a new, improved GUI respect to the previous release. % Simulation parameters can be changed in this file: % % n_bands: the number of concentric bands % h_bands: the width of each band in pixels % n_arcs: the number of arcs (each band has exactly n_arcs arcs) % h_radius: the inner radius in pixel (the central band is not considered % because it is a too small area)

% num_disk: the number of gabor filters % % n_sectors and h_lato rapresents respectively the total number of sectors % (the length of the feature vector associated to each filter of filter-bank: % there are num_disk gabor filters) and the height of the cropped image in pixel s. % N_secors and h_lato should not be changed. % % % $Revision: 1.0 $ $Date: 2002.10.02 $ % $Revision: 2.0 $ $Date: 2003.11.29 $ % $Revision: 3.0 $ $Date: 2004.06.22 $ by Luigi Rosa % email: luigi.rosa@tiscali.it % mobile: +393403463208 % website: http://utenti.lycos.it/mat lab % % % Modified respect to the previous version: % % - Major bugs fixed % - New GUI % - 8 Gabor filters 0 22.5 45 67.5 90 112.5 135 157.5 degree % - Convolution is performed in frequency domain % - DataBase % - Fingerprint matching % - Error management % - Complex filtering techniques % - Improved core point determination % - Robustness against noise % - Modifiable simulation parameters % % Input fingerprint should be 256 x 256 image 8-bit grayscale @ 500 dpi. % If these conditions are not verified some parameters in m-functions % should be changed in a proper way (such as, for example, Gabor filter % parameters in gabor2d_sub function). See the cited references for more % details. % % M-files included: % % -fprec.m: this file. It initializes the entire image processing . The simulation % parameters can be changed in this main file. % -centralizing.m: a function which accept an input image and determines the coordinates % of the core point. The core point is determinated by complex filtering. % The region of interest is determinated fixing a minim um threshold value % for the variance. Input image is divided into non-ove rlapping blocks and % only blocks with a variance smaller than this thresho ld value are considered % background. The logical matrix (associated to the reg ion of interest) is first % closed (Matlab function imclose), then eroded (Matlab function imerode) with two % given structuring elements. The image is "mirrored" b efore convolution with complex % filter, then it is re-cropped to its original sizes.

% -mirror.m: a function which is used to "mirror" input image in order to avoid undesired % boundary effects (function used by centralizing.m). % -recrop.m: a function used to resize the mirrored filtered image (function used by centralizing.m) % -conv2fft.m: this function performs 2D FFT-based convolution. Type "help conv2fft" on Matlab command % window for more details. % -whichsector.m: a function used to determine (for each pixel of the c ropped image) the corresponding % sectors of the concentric bands (function used by sec tor_norm.m). % -sector_norm.m: a function used to normalize input image and to calcu late the features vector % -cropping.m: this function is used to cropp the input fingerprint image after the core point is % determinated. % -gabor2d_sub.m: a function used to calculate the coefficients of the gabor 2D filters. % -vedicentro.m: this simple routines uses the M-function centralizing .m and it is used to display % the core point. % % % A crucial step in fingerprint recognition is core point determination. % If any error occurs while cropping image you can use the auxiliary m-file % "vedicentro.m": it visualizes the input fingerprint and the core point % calculated by the m-function "centralizing.m". % % % Notes: % The computational load can be significantly reduced by recursive filtering te chniques. % For a complete publication list of Lucas J. van Vliet please visit the follow ing URL: % http://www.ph.tn.tudelft.nl/~lucas/publications/papersLJvV.html % Here you will find articles concernings a recursive implementation of the Gau ssian filter, % of the derivative Gaussian filter and of Gabor filter. % % If you want to optimize the proposed method an excellent article is the follo wing one: % Erian Bezhani, Dequn Sun, Jean-Luc Nagel, and Sergio Carrato, "Optimized filt erbank % fingerprint recognition", Proc. SPIE Intern. Symp. Electronic Imaging 2003, 2 0-24 % Jan. 2003, Santa Clara, California. % % This code was developed using: % MATLAB Version 6.5 and Image Processing Toolbox Version 3.2 (R13) % Operating System: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195: Service P ack 4) % Java VM Version: Java 1.3.1_01 with Sun Microsystems Inc. Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM % % Please contribute if you find this software useful. % Report bugs to luigi.rosa@tiscali.it % % % References:

% % Cheng Long Adam Wang, researcher % Fingerprint Recognition System % http://home.kimo.com.tw/carouse9/FRS.htm % % A. K. Jain, S. Prabhakar, and S. Pankanti, "A Filterbank-based Representatio n for % Classification and Matching of Fingerprints", International Joint Conference on % Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 3284-3285, Washington DC, July 10-16, 1999. % http://www.cse.msu.edu/~prabhaka/publications.html % % "Fingerprint Classification and Matching Using a Filterbank", Salil Prabhaka r % A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment % of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY, Computer % Science & Engineering, 2001 % http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/SalilThesis.pdf % % Final Report 18-551 (Spring 1999) Fingerprint Recognition Group Number 19 % Markus Adhiwiyogo, Samuel Chong, Joseph Huang, Weechoon Teo % http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ee551/Old_projects/projects/s99_19/finalreport.html % % Kenneth Nilsson and Josef Bigun, "Localization of corresponding points in % fingerprints by complex filtering", Pattern Recognition Letters, 24 (2003) 2 135-2144 % School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Ha lmstad % University, P.O. Box 823, SE-301 18, Halmstad, Sweden. % % % ************************************************************************ % This code required a lot of time to be developed. Please send the author % money, food, drinks or improvements to the code itself. % This is my postal address: % Luigi Rosa % Via Centrale 35 % 67042 Civita di Bagno % L'Aquila --- ITALY % % mobile +39 340 3463208 % email luigi.rosa@tiscali.it % website http://utenti.lycos.it/matlab % ************************************************************************* % % %