ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS of VEHICLE'S BUSES

In vehicle bus systems,there are several electronics components which are connected to the buses to provide communication, such as microcontrollers,bus controller(CAN controller) and transceivers etc.In figure 1 shows a simple CAN BUS connection for communication between 2 nodes.

figure 1 The project is shown in the figure1,is used a microcontroller as PIC16F887,a CAN Controller as MCP2510 and a transceiver as MCP2551 are connected to the CAN BUS.Simple idea of the communication on buses like this.Now lets learn why we used them and what are their work? Microcontroller: is a small computer on a single IC containing a processor core, memory, and programmable I/O peripherals.It controls the devices according to what is programmed in it. It takes small places in IC circuits is important.There are lots of things could be said about microcontroller the important thing is here,controls the circuit what we want by programme. The main work occurs in the system here.A good example will be given to explained at a more spesific angle then we can conlude its job. Microcontroller are specialized by their features.They are arranged or catogorised at this subject.Some of microcontrollers have BusController module to make the circuit more simple.For example MICROCHIP company's products such as PIC18FXXX8 series have internal CAN Controllers.

BUS Controller:is a bridge between microcontroller and transceiver to achieved communication.Its features can be counted such as *interrupt capability *message masking and filtering *message prioritization *transmit/receive buffering *I/O pins *handling data traffic control In open market,there are lots of Bus controller created by many companies.In figure 1,MCP2510 is a CANBUS controller or could be used MCP2515 too but a difference being faster is important also.Applications for the MCP2510 include motor control, smoke detectors, CO detectors, sensors, meters, automotive electronics, climate control and instrument clusters.[1]Some of other CAN controllers are 81C90(Infineon),82526(Intel),82C200(philips).

In figure 2: shows the inside of a full CAN controller What about FlexRay,LIN and MOST?They have same conception but some have special differences .In figure 3,is showned a flexray controllers fetures

figure 3 Having great features when we compare CAN controllers requires to FlexRay's features.MOST Bus controller can be defined like that.

And also other bus type is LIN and its controller diagram in figure 4,is specialized with LIN Bus working system and its features.

figure4 Transceivers: A transceiver is a device comprising both a transmitter and a receiver which are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing. When no circuitry is common between transmit and receive functions, the device is a transmitter-receiver.[2] For example,in CAN transceiver includes 3 block modules. The CAN module, which includes the CAN protocol engine,masks, filters, transmit and receive buffers. The control logic and registers that are used to configure the device and its operation. The SPI protocol block. . [3] In figure 5,we have a block diagram of the mcp2551

Figure 5

Features of The MCP2551, is a high-speed CAN transceiver, fault-tolerant device that serves as the interface between a CAN protocol controller and the physical bus. The MCP2551 provides differential transmit and receive capability for the CAN protocol controller and is fully compatible with the ISO-11898 standard, including 24V requirements. It will operate at speeds of up to 1 Mb/s. [4] At Flex-Ray bus systems,The TJA1080 is available,provides differential transmit capability to the network and differential receive capability to the FlexRay controller. It offers excellent EMC performance as well as high ESD protection. The TJA1080 actively monitors the system performance using dedicated error and status information (readable by any microcontroller), as well as internal voltage and temperature monitoring.[5] At LIN Bus systems,mcp2022 is available wtih features,Physical Layer Transceiver interface to support LIN Bus Specifications Version 1.3, 2.0, 2.1 and SAE J2602 LIN Bus pin with internal pull-up resistor and diode protect against ground shorts and loss of ground Wake Up through LIN Bus activity (filtered) or LWAKE pin Thermal shutdown protection Built-in Voltage Regulator with wide operating voltage range up to 30V and regulation range from 5.5V to 18V Load dump protection up to 43V RESET Output MCP2022 available in 14-pin PDIP, SOIC and TSSOP packages -MCP2022-330 with 3.3V regulator -MCP2022-500 with 5V regulator Extended temperature range: -40C to +125C Automotive Qualification[6] At MOSTBUS systems,The MLX75605 could be solution,is a single package solution for a Fiber Optics transceiver, dedicated for MOST. MLX75605 Features and Benefits Integrated test mode for emitted power adjustment Integrated memory for on-chip parameter trimming. Surface Mountable Device Embedded ferrule clamp for connection to 1 mm core PMMA POF. 650nm wavelength 150Mbps speed 3.3V Supply Low Voltage Differential Signal I/Os (LVDS) Sleep mode. SOIC 24 pin footprint Fully optical tested[7]

CAN Bus example This is a CAN-BUS example shows how to used industry as a temperature.Lets look at figure of the project then make comments about it.

We have two nodes here and are used 2 microcontrollers as PIC18f258 which has CAN controler units so we don't have to used external CAN controller.As a transceiver is used MCP2551 connects the microcontroller to the CAN BUS isoleted the data .In the project,left hand side we have a collector unit also LM25DZ is a temperature sensor which is anolog component.PIC18f258 in the left hand side reads the anolog value from LM25DZ converts to it as digital by its programme as soon as request is come from PIC18F258 in the right and side.In the right hand side,LCD display unit is connected to the PORTB of PIC18258 which reads the received data came from left hand side value then show it in LCD display by its programme. This is a good example to understand what we can do with CANBUS by using microcontrollers. Just the job is ,define the work then prepare a program finally implement it. In this article,is given general information about vehicle buses electronics components also design too.In open market,every buses have development kit to implement projects.It provides saving time however cost is changed bus to bus.

References: [1]http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en010404 [2]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transceiver [3]datasheet of mcp2551 [4]http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en010405 [5]http://www.nxp.com/products/interface_and_connectivity/transceivers/flexray_transceivers/TJA 1080.html [6] http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en535057] [7]http://www.melexis.com/Optical-Sensors/Optical-Datacommunications/MLX75605-671.aspx