PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES

Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren William H. Harrison John Tyler James K. Polk Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Ulysses Simpson Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt

Political Party Federalist Federalist Democratic Republican Democratic Republican Democratic Republican Democratic Republican Democrat Democrat Whig Whig Democrat Whig Whig Democrat Democrat Republican Union Democrat Republican Republican Republican Republican Democrat Republican Democrat Republican Republican
179

Term 1789-1797 1797-1801 1801-1809 1809-1817 1817-1825 1825-1829 1829-1837 1837-1841 1841 (only two weeks) 1841-1845 1845-1849 1849-1850 1850-1853 1853-1857 1857-1861 1861-1865 (assassinated) 1865-1869 1869-1877 1877-1881 1881 (assassinated) 1881-1885 1885-1889 1889-1893 1893-1897 1897-1901 1901-1909

27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.

William H. Taft Woodrow Wilson Warren Gamaliel Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert C. Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John Fitzgerald Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson Richard M. Nixon Gerald R. Ford Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George Bush William Clinton George Bush Jr

Republican Democrat Republican Republican Republican Democrat Democrat Republican Democrat Democrat Republican Republican Democrat Republican Republican Democrat Republican

1909-1913 1913-1921 1921-1923 1923-1929 1929-1933 1933-1945 1945-1953 1953-1961 1961-1963 (assassinated) 1963-1969 1969-1974 1974-1977 1977-1981 1981-1989 1989-1993 1993-2000 2000-present

KINGS AND QUEENS

Kings of all England (till 1066) King Egbert Ethylwulf, son of Egbert Ethylbald, son of Ethylwulf Ethylbert, 2nd son of Ethylwulf Ethylred I, 3rd son of Ethylwulf Alfred The Great, 4th son of Ethylwulf Edward the elder, son of Alfred Athelstan the Glorious, son of Edward
180

Reign 829-839 839-858 858-860 860-866 866-871 871-899 899-924 924-939

Edmund, 3rd son of Edward Edred Edwy Edgar Edward the Martyr Ethelred the Unready Swegn Forkbeard Edmund Ironside Cnut Harold Harefoot Harthacnut Edward the Confessor Harold Godwinson (Edgar Etheling Kings and Queens of England (1066-1603) King/Queen William I William II Henry I Stephen Matilda Henry II Richard I John Henry III Edward I Edward II Edward III Ricard II Henry IV Henry V Henry VI Reign 1066-1087 1087-1100 1100-1135 1135-1141, 1141-1154 1141 (April-Nov) 1154-1189 1189-1199 1199-1216 1216-1272 1272-1307 1307-1327 1327-1377 1377-1399 1399-1413 1413-1422 1422-1461, 1470-1471

939-946 946-955 955-959 959-975 975-978 979-1013 1013-1014 1016 1016-1035 1036-1040 1040-1042 1043-1066 1066 1066)

Royal House Normandy Normandy Normandy Blois Normandy Anjou Anjou Anjou Anjou Anjou Anjou Anjou Anjou Anjou Anjou Anjou
181

Popularly known as The Conqueror Rufus Beauclerc Empress Maud Coeur de Lion Lackland Longshanks of Caernarfon

Prince Hal

Edward IV Edward V Richard III Henry VII Henry VIII Edward VI Jane Mary I Elizabeth I

1461-1470, 1471-1483 1483 (April-June) 1483-1485 1485-1509 1509-1547 1547-1553 1553 (9 days in July) 1553-1558 1558-1603

Anjou Anjou Anjou Tudor Tudor Tudor Grey or Suffolk Tudor Tudor

Kings and Queens of England and Scotland (1603-1707) King/Queen James I (VI Scotland) Charles I [Cromwell Charles II James II William III Mary II Reign 1603-1625 1625-1649 1649-1660 1660-1685 1685-1688 1689-1702 1689-1694 Stuart Stuart Commonwealth] Stuart Stuart Stuart and Orange Stuart Royal House

Kings and Queens of Great Britain (1707-1801) King/Queen Anne George I George II Reign 1702-1714 1714-1727 1727-1760 Royal House Stuart Hanover & Brunswick Lneburg Hanover & Brunswick Lneburg

182

Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom (1801-present) King/Queen George III George IV William IV Victoria Edward VII George V Edward VIII George VI Elizabeth II Reign 1760-1820 1820-1830 1830-1837 1837-1901 1901-1910 1910-1936 1936 (Jan-Dec) 1936-1952 1952-present Royal House Hanover & Brunswick-Lneburg Hanover & Brunswick-Lneburg Hanover & Brunswick-Lneburg Hanover & Brunswick-Lneburg Saxe-Coburg & Gotha (Tum tum) Saxe-Coburg & Gotha/Windsor Windsor Windsor Windsor (The Boss)

PRIME MINISTERS

Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . Robert Walpole Spencer Compton Henry Pelham William Pulteney Thomas Pelham-Holles William Cavendish James Waldegrave John Stuart George Grenville Charles Watson Wentworth William Pitt Augustus Henry Fitzroy

Political party Whig Whig Whig Whig Whig Whig Tory Whig Whig Whig Whig

Term 1721-1742 1742-1743 1743-1754 (1746) 1754-1756, 1757-1760, 1760-1762 1756-1757 (1757) 1762-1763 1763-1765 1765-1766, 1782 1766-1768 1768-1770

183

13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 29 . 30 . 31 .

Frederick North William Petty William Henry Cavendish Bentink William Pitt Henry Addington William Wyndham Grenville Spencer Perceval Robert Banks Jenkinson George Canning Frederick John Robinson Arthur Wellesley Charles Grey William Lamb Robert Peel John Russel Edward Geoffrey Smith-Stanley George Hamilton Gordon Henry John Temple Benjamin Disraeli

Tory Whig Coalition Tory Tory

1770-1782 1782-1783 1783 1783-1801, 1804-1806 1801-1804 1806-1807

Tory Tory Tory Tory Tory Whig Whig Conservative Whig Tory & Conservative Peelite Liberal Conservative

1809-1812 1812-1820, 1820-1827 1827 1827-1828 1828-1830, 1830, 1834 1830-1834 1834, 1835-1837, 1837-1841 1834-1835, 1841-1846 1846-1852 1852, 1858-1859, 1866-1868 1852-1855 1855-1858, 1859-1865 1868, 1874-1880

184

32 . 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 . 39 . 40 . 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 . 50 .

William Ewart Gladstone Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil Archibald Philip Primrose Arthur James Balfour Henry Campbell Bannerman Herbert Henry Asquith David Lloyd George Andrew Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin Ramsey MacDonald Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill Clement Atlee Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan Alexander Douglas-Home Harold Wilson Edward Heath James Callaghan

Liberal Conservative Liberal Conservative Liberal Liberal Liberal-led Coalition Conservative Conservative Labour National Government Coalition Labour Conservative Conservative Conservative Labour Conservative Labour

1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886, 1892-1894 1885-1886, 1886-1892, 1895-1901, 1901-1902 1894-1895 1902-1905 1905-1908 1908-1916 1916-1922 1922-1923 1923-1924 1924 (Jan-Nov) 1937-1940 1940-1945 1945-1951 1955-1957 1957-1963 1963-1964 1964-1970, 1974-1976 1970-1974 1976-1979

185

51 . 52 . 53 .

Margaret Thatcher John Major Tony Blair

Conservative Conservative Labour

1979-1990 1990-1997 1997-

DIFFERENCES REGARDING AGE

US driving permit driving license cigarettes drink 15 16 18 21 16 17 16 18

UK

MUSICAL NOTES
Musical notation Notaie muzical Hangjegyrs
American English British English 186 Romanian Hungarian

double-whole note whole note half note quarter note eighth note sixteenth note thirty-second note sixty-fourth note whole rest half rest quarter rest eighth rest sixteenth rest thirty-second rest sixty-fourth rest meter

breve, brevis semibreve minim crotchet quaver semiquaver demisemiquaver hemidemisemiquaver semibreve rest minim rest crotchet rest quaver rest semiquaver rest demisemiquaver rest hemidemisemiqu a-ver rest

breve not ntreag, semi-breve doime, not alb ptrime optime aisprezecime treizecidoime aizeciptrime pauz de not ntreag pauz de doime pauz de ptrime pauz de optime pauz de aisprezecime pauz de treizecidoime pauz de aizeciptrime

time, time btaie, fracie care signatures, measure indic msura, msur

brevis (kt egszhangnyi rtk) egszhang, egszkotta (rg semibrevis) flhang, flkotta (rg minima) negyedhang, negyedkotta (rg semiminima) nyolcadhang, nyolcadkotta (rg fusa) tizenhatodhang, tizenhatodkotta (rg semifusa) harminckettedhang, harminckettedkotta hatvannegyedhang, hatvannegyedkotta egszsznet, egsz sznetjel flsznet, fl sznetjel negyedsznet, negyed sznetjel nyolcadsznet, nyolcad sznetjel tizenhatodsznet, tizenhatod sznetjel harminckettedsznet, harmincketted sznetjel hatvannegyedsznet, hatvannegyed sznetjel temfajtk, temnevek

187

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

The words in dark type are the ones that are most commonly used in general speech.

188

METRIC Units of length 10 mm 10 cm 10 dm 10 m 10 dam 10 hm Units of Weight 10 mg 10 cg 10 dg 10 g 10 dag 10 hg 1000 kg Units of capacity 10 ml 10 cl 10 dl 10 l 10 dal 10 hl 1 millilitre = 1 centilitre = 1 decilitre = 1 litre = 1 decalitre = 1 hectolitre = 1 kilolitre = 0.00176 pint = 0.0176 pint = 0.176 pint = 1.76 pints = 0.22 UK gallon = 2.20 gallons = 22.0 gallons = 220.0 gallons = 0.00155 square inch = 0.1550 square inch = 1.196 square yards = 119.6 square yards = 2.471 acres = 247.1 acres 1 milligram = 1 centigram = 1 decigram = 1 gram = 1 decagram = 1 hectogram = 1 kilogram = 1 tonne (metric ton) = 0.015 grain = 0.154 grain = 1.543 grains = 15.43 grains = 0.035 ounces = 0.353 ounce = 3.527 ounces = 2.205 pounds = 0.984 (long) ton = 2204.62 pounds 1 millimetre = 1 centimetre = 1 decimetre = 1 metre = 1 decametre = 1 hectometre = 1 kilometre = 0.03937 inch = 0.3937 inch = 3.937 inches = 39.37 inches = 10.94 yards = 109.4 yards = 0.6214 mile

Square measure 100 mm2 100 cm2 100 m2 100 ares 100 ha 1 square measure = 1 square centimetre = 1 square metre = 1 are = 1 hectare = 1 square kilometre

189

Cubic measure 1000 cm3 1000 dm3 1 cubic centimetre = 0.06102 cubic inch = 1 cubic decimetre = 0.03532 cubic foot = 1 cubic metre = 1.308 cubic yards

Circular measure 1 microradian = 0.206 seconds 1000 rad = 1 milliradian = 3.437 minutes 1000 mrad = 1 radian = 57.296 degrees = 180/ degrees Metric prefixes Abbreviation teragigamegakilohectodecadecicentimillimicronanopicofemtoattoT G M k h da d c m n p f a 1012 109 106 103 102 101 101 102 103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 Factor

BRITISH and AMERICAN

Units of length 12 inches 1 inch = 1 foot
190

= 2.54 cm = 0.3048 m

3 feet 5 1/2 yards 22 yards 10 chains 8 furlongs 6076.12 feet

= 1 yard = 1 rod, pole, or perch = 1 chain = 1 furlong = 1 mile = 1 nautical mile

= 0.9144 m = 5.029 m = 20.12 m = 0.2012 km = 1.609 km = 1852 m

Units of weight 1 grain = 64.8 mg 1 dram = 1.772 g 16 drams 16 ounces 14 pounds 2 stones 4 quarters 20 hundredweight 100 pounds 2000 pounds

= 1 ounce = 28.35 g = 1 pound = 0.4536 kg = 1 stone = 6.350 kg = 1 quarter = 12.70 kg = 1 (long) hundredweight = 1 (long) ton = 1 (short) hundredweight = 1 (short) ton

= 50.80 kg = 1.016 tonnes = 45.36 kg = 0.9072 tonnes

The short hundredweight and ton are more common in the US. Units of capacity 5 fluid ounces 4 gills 2 pints 4 quarts 231 cubic inches 8 gallons Square measure 144 square inches 9 square feet 4840 square yards 640 acres Cubic measure 1 cubic inch = 16.39 cm3
191

1 fluid ounce = 1 gill = 1 pint = 1 quart = 1 (UK) gallon = 1 (US) gallon = 1 bushel 1 square inch = 1 square foot = 1 square yard = 1 acre = 1 square mile

= 28.41 cm3 = 0.1421 dm3 = 0.5683 dm3 = 1.137 dm3 = 4.546 dm3 = 3.785 dm3 = 36.369 dm3 = 645.16 mm2 = 0.0929 m2 = 0.8361 m2 = 4047 m2 = 259 ha

1728 cubic inches 27 cubic feet Circular measure

= 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3 = 1 cubic yard = 0.7646 m3

= 28.32 dm3 = 764.6 dm3

1 second = 4.860 rad 60 second = 1 minute = 0.2909 rad 60 minutes = 1 degree = 17.45 rad 45 degrees = 1 oxtant 60 degrees = 1 sextant 90 degrees = 1 quadrant or 1 right angle 360 degrees = 1 circle or 1 circumference 1 grade or gon = 1/100th of a right angle US dry measure 1 pint = 0.9689 UK pint 1 bushell = 0.9689 UK bushell

= /180 rad = /4 rad = /3 rad = /2 rad = /2 rad = /200 rad = 0.5506 dm3 = 35.238 dm3 = 0.0296 dm3 = 0.4732 dm3 = 3.7853 dm3

US liquid measure 1 fluid ounce = 1.0408 UK fluid ounces 16 fluid ounces = 1 pint = 0.8327 UK pint 8 pints = 1 gallon = 0.8327 UK gallon Temperature Fahrenheit = (9/5 x C) + 32 Celsius = (5/9 x F) 32

REFERENCES

192

1. Academia Romn, Dicionar englez-romn, Ediia a II-a, Institutul

de Lingvistic Iorgu Iordan Al. Rosetti, Univers Enciclopedic, Bucureti, 2004.

2. Iarovici, E., Engleza American, Editura Teora, Bucureti, 1994. 3. Ionescu, F., Dicionar de americanisme, Editura Universal Pan,
Bucureti, 1998.

4. Levichi, L., Dicionar englez-romn, Editura 100+1 GRAMAR,

Bucureti, 2000.

5. Levichi, L., Dicionar romn-englez, Editura 100+1 GRAMAR,

Bucureti, 1999.

6. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, The Complete

Guide to Written and Spoken English, Longman Dictionaries 1995.

7. Longman

Dictionary

of

Contemporary

English,

Longman

Dictionaries 2003.

8. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, Oxford 2002. 9. Magay T., Lukcsn Ln I., Anglicizmusok-Amerikanizmusok, 5000
angol szls s kifejezs, Terra, Budapest 1977.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Orszgh Magay

L., T.,

Magay Orszgh

T., L.,

Angol-magyar Magyar-angol

nagysztr, kzisztr,

Akadmiai Kiad, Budapest 2003. Akadmiai Kiad, Budapest 1994. Mc Arthur, Tom, Oxford Concise Companion to the English Murphy, R., English Grammar in Use, Second Edition, Oxford Guide to British and American English Culture, Orszgh L., Magay Tams, Angol-magyar kzisztr, Language, Oxford University Press 1988. Cambridge, University Press 1995. Oxford University Press 2000. Akadmiai Kiad, Budapest 1990.
193

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Oxford-Duden magyar-angol kpes sztr, Akadmiai www.geocities.com www.scit.wlv.ac.uk http://dict.sztaki.hu/index.jhtml www.yahoo.com

Kiad, Budapest 1994.

5 10 15 15 15 17 22 24 29 33 34 35 179 180 180 181 CONTENTS 182 182 Introduction.. 183 Abbreviations and symbols 183 Main differences between American and British English 185 186 194 188 192

Pronunciation Stress Spelling differences Spelling of common words.. Grammar differences Military ranks Monetary system Other differences Dictionary American-British-Romanian-Hungarian Presidents of the United States Kings and Queens Kings of all England (till 1066) Kings and Queens of England (1066-1603) Kings and Queens of England and Scotland (1603-1707) Kings and Queens of Great Britain (1707-1801) Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom (1801-present). Prime Ministers Differences regarding age Musical notes Weights and measures References

195