A perfect hashing algorithm avoids collision altogether i. Explain the technique of hashing with a suitable example ii.

Describe Three ways of reducing collision while using hashing algorithms for data retrieval In todays commercial environments large volumes of data are stored and shared between applications. Describe four different ways of structuring data records to ensure compatibility and exchange of information between multiple applications Explain the following terms with respect to structuring if data records i. Header records ii. End of file characters Describe the function of a b tree with an example What are the advantages of a b tree over binary search Explain the following terms i. Order of a b tree ii. Leaf of a b tree What is the significance of emerging technology of solid state drives with respect to traditional hard disk drives List four items in your perfomance criteria for selection of a hard disk drive Explain fragmentation that occurs in the file systems. what is its impact on system performance What is the remedy for file fragmentation Explain four advantages of optical storage drives over hard disk drives What are search engines and what are the technological developments which lead to the operation of search engines Explain the following terms with respect to search engines: i. Web crawler ii. Link map iii. Indexing What isthe main difference between a web search engine and a database search engine What is a file system explain with reference to either Microsoft windows or Linux the three main storage components supported by all file systems With respect to the file system explain the following terms i. User security ii. Application security iii. Storage management and scalability What is the role played by the file system on storing and retrieving data on hard disks Compare and contrast the mechanisms of reading and storing data between hard disk and optical disks Explain four advantages of optical storage drives over hard disk drives What is the canonical form for a key value while searching for records in a data file Citing examples describe the use of primary and secondary keys used searching for data in files What are pdf files describe at least four features of puff which makes this format popular Explain the terms SAN and NAS with reference to storage technologies

Explain the following functions provided by the file system i. File names ii. Meta data What are transactional file systems Explain reason for having the pad utility class Class definition for pad utility implementing all method Explain the steps that are involed in insertion sorting Write a java program to implement a queue data structure you should use an array for your implementation

Write short notes on the following topics The need for backup and distaers recovery Hardware architecture software solutions to support continuos up time Indexed sequential access of data files Raid Compare sequential search with binary search with suitable Where would you recommend sequential for data and what are the ways of improving sequential search for data Which is the commonly used international standard for recording and retrieving data on cd-rom dics Describe four activities perfomed by the file system whenever an application program request for data files stored in a secondary storage device Describe the construction of a simple Btree with a suitable example